International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Target-oriented spectral emissivity design: Mechanism and prediction of magnetic polaritons based on transmission line theory","authors":"Yiquan Gong ,&nbsp;Yanming Guo ,&nbsp;Ziyue Liu ,&nbsp;Sihong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-nano spectral emitters are crucial in applications such as radiative cooling, gas detection, and infrared stealth. However, current designs depend heavily on optimization algorithms that require extensive calculations. Therefore, achieving the rapid design of target-oriented spectral emitters remains a fundamental challenge. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms of microscale radiation regulation ensures the rapid design of spectral emitters. Among these mechanisms, magetic polaritons (MPs) have become a significant resonance mode in the field of micro nano scale thermal radiation due to its Perfect absorption. Equivalent inductor-capacitor circuit (LC) model is an important theoretical model for calculating the resonance frequency of MP, but it requires a constant for fitting, which seriously restricts the Fast design of micro-nano emitters. In this paper, transmission line (TL) theory is proposed to directly determine the frequency of MP excitation for grating and slit arrays without fitting. Numerical simulation results indicate that the MP excitation frequency calculated by TL theory are accurate. Moreover, TL model directly gives the fitting constants in the LC model. Compared with previous studies, TL theory has achieved the calculation of the excitation frequency of MP without fitting. Finally, as a practical application, TL model is employed to illustrate the Fast design of heat emitter. Our research seeks to facilitate the expedited design of target-oriented spectral emitters and to advance the application of LC model and TL model in spectral emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Two-group drift-flux model for dispersed gas-liquid flows in rod bundles” [Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 222 (2024), 125174]","authors":"Meng Yu,&nbsp;Takashi Hibiki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126884","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126884"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the effects of lignocellulosic biomass components on the interactions and thermal conductivity of stearic acid: Molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Mingyang Sun ,&nbsp;Lin Lin ,&nbsp;Huishuang Di ,&nbsp;Yanhui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignocellulosic biomass, with its sustainability, wide availability, and low cost, has become an ideal choice for supporting phase change materials (PCMs) and has been widely applied in various fields. Since lignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of three components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and these components have distinct effects on the thermal properties of composite PCMs, this study uses stearic acid (SA) as a model substance and employs molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the interactions between these components and SA and their impact on thermal conductivity. By analyzing the radial distribution function, radius of gyration, mean squared displacement, diffusion coefficient, and the binding energies between cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and SA, the study reveals the different roles each component plays in the adsorption of SA and elucidates the key mechanisms underlying the differences in the loading capacity of lignocellulosic biomass in composite PCMs. The results show that cellulose plays a critical role in the loading of SA, with a binding energy of -230.7 J/mol, significantly higher than that of hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, hemicellulose exhibits outstanding performance in enhancing the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs. Specifically, the thermal conductivity of the SA/hemicellulose system is 0.28 W/(m·K), which is 22 % higher than that of the SA/cellulose system and 47 % higher than that of the SA/lignin system. This study provides an important theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and application of lignocellulosic biomass-based composite PCMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation analysis between the infrared radiation intensity of exhaust plume and the scale of rocket engine in continuous-flow regime","authors":"Tanxiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Qirui Wang ,&nbsp;Yiqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Qinglin Niu ,&nbsp;Zhihong He ,&nbsp;Shikui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exhaust plume of rocket engines is a key target of interest for strategic defense systems in various countries. The experimental study of rocket plume employs typically small-scale models. It is of great importance to establish the similarity relationships between the results of different scale models, as this is a crucial step in applying these findings to thermal analysis of actual rocket engines. This study compares the flow field characteristics and infrared radiation features of the rocket engine exhaust plume with and without afterburning effect based on non-aluminized HTPB propellant under a series of engine scale ratios ranging from 0.1 to 10. The exhaust plume uses reactive flows. When the incoming condition is air, the exhaust plume exhibits the afterburning effect, while there is no afterburning effect when the incoming condition is pure nitrogen. The exhaust plume flow field is obtained through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the radiation signal is calculated by solving the radiation transport equation using the line of sight (LOS) method. The simulation results indicate that the flow field parameter distribution and infrared image shapes of the exhaust plumes from rocket engines of different scales are similar; Compared to the non-afterburning exhaust plume, the radiance peak of exhaust plume with the afterburning reaction is increased by 4.62 % to 10.21 %. The gain in infrared radiation intensity caused by the afterburning effect increases with increasing scale in the 2.7–3.0 μm and 3.3–4.0 μm bands. In the 4.2–4.5 μm of waveband, the gain stabilizes as the scale increases. The relationship between the engine scale and radiation intensity is exponential, with the exponent being influenced by both the waveband and the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR). The exponent value falls within the range of 1.5 to 3.4. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of rocket motor exhaust plume flow and radiation characteristics, which can aid in their engineering assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient modeling and control strategies for WT-PV integrated hydrogen production system","authors":"Xiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bowen Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kangcheng Wu ,&nbsp;Ye Li ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Kui Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into the critical control parameters of the proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC) within a wind-solar power integrated hydrogen production system, focusing on ensuring the long-term system operation with safety and stability. Key parameters including hydrogen in oxygen (HTO) content (globally monitored with a safety threshold of 2 %, with a corresponding current density boundary of 0.2 A cm^-2), water circulation system operation, and temperature control are analyzed under dynamic conditions. The study also examines the dynamic response of the PEMEC stack to varying operating conditions, emphasizing the need for temperature control strategies to manage thermal gradients and prevent local hot spots. Research shows that, under a constant water supply, when the circulating water temperature drops from 25 °C to 5 °C within the current density range of 0.2–3 A cm^-2, the average performance of the PEMEC decreases by 4.99–9.85 %, the voltage overshoot increases by 1.4–4.4 times, and the temperature fluctuation rises by 1.15–2.24 times. Conversely, when the temperature is adjusted from 5 °C to 25 °C, although the heat transfer power consumption increases by approximately 5 %, the performance of the PEMEC improves by about 5–10 % and the voltage overshoot decreases. A comprehensive control strategy is proposed, integrating these findings to optimize the system's performance under fluctuating renewable energy supply and load demands. The study concludes that the system can achieve efficient hydrogen production and reliable operation by applying these strategies, demonstrating adaptability to different environmental conditions and energy demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constrained Large Eddy Simulation for incompressible wall-bounded turbulence with passive scalar field","authors":"Yanchen Liu ,&nbsp;Yantao Yang ,&nbsp;Yipeng Shi ,&nbsp;Shiyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transfer of passive scalars, such as heat and mass, by turbulence is a crucial process in many natural and engineering applications, and accurately modeling of such processes is of great importance. In this work we present a new method of large-eddy simulation (LES) for wall-bounded turbulence with passive scalar. Specifically, we extend the so-called constrained-LES (CLES) of wall-bounded turbulence to the scalar turbulence. CLES was first developed by Chen et al. (2012) to successfully resolve the mismatch problem of mean velocity profiles in detached-eddy simulations. Following the same methodology, here the scalar field is solved by using LES over the whole domain. A Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-type of turbulent scalar flux is imposed onto the subgrid stress only within an inner layer adjacent to the wall boundary. Specifically, we utilize an eddy diffusivity model for the RANS turbulent scalar flux. With this constrain, the mean scalar profile of the inner layer can be accurately obtained while the small-scale structures in scalar field are still retained. The method is validated by the comparison with DNS of channel turbulence with passive scalar, and the results suggest that the current method can successfully resolve the log-layer mismatch in mean scalar profiles. The method can accurately generate the mean scalar profile, scalar fluctuation profile, turbulence scalar flux, and global Nusselt number for a wide range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers in channel turbulence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126892"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of the flow boiling cooling performance of leaf vein manifold microchannels","authors":"Keyi Huang ,&nbsp;Guiping Lin ,&nbsp;Yuandong Guo ,&nbsp;Jiayi Bao ,&nbsp;Hongxing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyin Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The operational reliability of advanced semiconductor devices is contingent upon the effectiveness of heat dissipation methods. Extensive investigations have been conducted into the potential of manifold microchannels as a promising near-junction heat dissipation method. However, studies combining natural structures with manifold microchannels have been relatively scarce, particularly in the context of flow boiling. This paper proposed a leaf vein manifold microchannel heat sink. The thermal-hydraulic performance and flow distribution characteristics of symmetric and asymmetric arrangements are comparatively analyzed by VOF transient flow boiling simulations. In comparison to straight microchannels, the leaf vein microchannels exhibited an increase in the wetted area and a reduction in the skewness of the flow distribution by 18%. These improvements contributed to a 4K cooler heated surface at 100 W/cm². In addition, the asymmetric leaf vein microchannels reduced the thermal resistance by 5% in comparison to the symmetric structure, while the pressure drop remained unaltered. The enhancement of the asymmetric leaf vein structure on the thermal-hydraulic performance was found to be consistent across different heat fluxes and inlet velocities. Furthermore, it was observed that doubling the inlet flow rate resulted in a 29.7% reduction in thermal resistance of the heat sink, accompanied by a 130.6% increase in pressure drop. It is therefore recommended that a lower flow rate be employed to minimize the pumping power. The asymmetric leaf vein manifold microchannel proposed in this work demonstrated enhanced flow and heat transfer performance through structural adjustments, which has the potential to be applied to two-phase embedded cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126919"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced flow boiling heat transfer performance of counter-flow interconnected microchannels via microporous copper surfaces","authors":"Dahai Wang ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangjun Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing flow boiling performance within microchannels is crucial for cooling high-power electronic devices. Based on the concept of “equalizing channel dryness”, a counter-flow interconnected microchannel structure was proposed to enhance flow boiling. To investigate the flow boiling heat transfer characteristics, enhancement effects, and mechanisms of the combination of microporous layer-modified surfaces formed by copper powder sintering and counter-flow interconnected microchannels, this study employed microporous layers formed on microchannel sidewalls as an enhancement method. A detailed study was conducted on the effects of microporous layer morphology, copper powder particle size, sintering thickness, and sintering position on flow boiling heat transfer characteristics. Additionally, a mechanistic analysis of the capillary wicking process within the sintered copper powder surface was performed. The results show that, compared to smooth surface counter-flow connected microchannels, the microporous layer formed by copper powder sintering significantly enhances flow boiling heat transfer performance, as evidenced by a lower onset boiling superheat, increased critical heat flux (<em>q</em>_CHF), and improved heat transfer coefficient (HTC-<em>h_tp</em>). Furthermore, microchannels with microporous layer sidewalls exhibit a relatively uniform liquid film distribution, which helps maintain annular flow, promotes thin film evaporation, and effectively prevents local dryout caused by film rupture or bubble nucleation. The wicking ability (<em>V</em>΄) of the microporous layer is found to have a strong linear relationship with the critical heat flux (CHF).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additively manufactured compact water-cooled refrigerant condenser","authors":"Omar M. Zaki ,&nbsp;Robert A. Stavins ,&nbsp;Mario Wenzel ,&nbsp;Andrew Musser ,&nbsp;Darin Sharar ,&nbsp;Stefan Elbel ,&nbsp;Nenad Miljkovic ,&nbsp;William P. King","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-phase heat exchangers are widely used in the power and process industries, heating ventilation and air conditioning, refrigeration, and electronics thermal management. This work presents the design, manufacturing, and performance evaluation of an additively manufactured (AM) water-cooled R134a condenser heat exchanger. The condenser design includes internal three-dimensional (3D) structures enabled by AM that are not possible from traditional manufacturing technologies. Our novel design methodology uses a physics-based model to rapidly search the large design space, followed by detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations that verify performance. The design employs alternating channels for water and refrigerant flow, with optimized 3D shapes that enhance the heat transfer with wavy fins on the water side and chevrons on the refrigerant side. Experiments demonstrate that the AM condenser has a heat transfer rate of 3 kW to 8 kW for refrigerant saturation temperatures of 35 to 49 °C. The AM condenser has a power density as high as 6.2 MW/m³, outperforming traditional shell-tube designs by 30–50% with comparable normalized pumping power. The developed methods provide a robust framework for the design of high performance and high volumetric power density AM heat exchangers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing temperature inhomogeneity in 280Ah lithium-ion battery and battery pack by single phase immersion cooling strategy","authors":"Peizhao Lyu ,&nbsp;Yunlong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xianglong Fan ,&nbsp;Zonghao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua An ,&nbsp;Xinjian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy storage stations (EESs) exhibit a larger scale and more pronounced safety concerns than electric vehicles (EVs). Presently, EESs predominantly employ large-capacity lithium-ion batteries (Nominal capacity ≥280Ah) as the primary energy storage units, which possess a more distinct necessity of thermal management compared to their smaller batteries. To ensure the safety of EESs, this study conducted a series of analysis on the single-phase immersion cooling strategy, with a focus on key parameters such as coolants, flow direction, flow rate, and battery gap to evaluate their impact on temperature rise (<span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>), module temperature difference (<span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>w</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), and battery temperature difference (<span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>). The results demonstrated that the immersion battery thermal management strategy (IBTM) can effectively control <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span> and reduce temperature inhomogeneity in battery module, maintaining <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span> within 30 °C, keeping <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>w</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> within 0.5 °C and reducing <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> to 2.18 °C. Besides, flow directed along the thickness of the battery (Flow I) is more effective in reducing temperature inhomogeneity. Although Mineral Oil (MO) and AmpCool AC-100 (AC-100) exhibit relatively poor temperature control ability at low Reynolds numbers (<em>Re</em>), they demonstrate greater promising capabilities at higher <em>Re</em> values. This study is of great significance for promoting the optimization and safety design of large-capacity lithium-ion battery modules and improving the safety performance of EESs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}