International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale experimental-numerical investigation of CO2 transport and phase evolution in carbonate reservoirs","authors":"Ting Hu ,&nbsp;Zhencheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Lulu Xu ,&nbsp;Haiyang Deng ,&nbsp;Xinzhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Rui ,&nbsp;Mabrouk Sami ,&nbsp;Huazhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geochemical intensifications coupled with multiphase seepage in highly heterogeneous porous media are the main factors for CO₂ transport and phase evolution in carbonate reservoirs. This study establishes a mechanistic model incorporating geochemical reactions and fracture-cavern media to examine how these factors influence CO₂ transport and phase evolution. Intensified chemical reactions in carbonate reservoir promote CO₂ dissolution in aqueous and particularly in oil phases, contributing to enhanced oil recovery to some extent. Fractures parallel to the connection line between injection and production wells serve as high-permeability channels along which fluids preferentially flow, reducing the sweep efficiency of CO₂. In contrast, the vertical fracture is beneficial to lateral fluid flow. High-velocity fluid and high reactive specific surface area in fractures induce more prominently geochemical reactions. However, mineral chemical reactions occur on the fracture surfaces, resulting in a fracture plugging effect during the CO₂ sequestration phase. Mineral precipitation forms a physical barrier on the fracture surfaces, leading to hindered fluid migration and restricted reaction areas. For the fracture-cavern media, timely repositioning of CO₂ injection wells can significantly enhance oil recovery efficiency. Injection rate is a key synergistic parameter for storage and recovery in fracture-cavern carbonate reservoir. Dolomitization (CaMg(CO₃)₂) is the primary mechanism facilitating mineralization in carbonate reservoirs, which not only enhances permeability but also enables greater CO₂ mineralization compared to calcite (CaCO₃) precipitation. These findings demonstrate the potential of geochemical intensification to enhance CO₂ storage and utilization efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curvature-enhanced thermal radiation in micro-structure","authors":"Binghe Xiao,&nbsp;Yimin Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal radiation management is important in various micro-systems, such as integrated photonic design, thermal logic computing and energy harvesting, but the curvature effect of micro-structures on thermal radiation almost remains elusive. In this work, the mechanism of curvature effects on radiation is studied from near-field to far-field based on concentric cylinders with fluctuation-dissipation theory (FDT). A general formula applied for anisotropic materials radiation is derived, with the SiO₂-VO₂ system analyzed as an example. The effects of curvature on radiation are investigated with SPPs, SPhPs and Hyperbolic surface modes. In near field-condition where the gap is smaller than the radius on the order of the tunneling depth, surface with curvature can transfer more heat radiation than plane, both for inner and outer surface. Some surface wave modes suppressed in planar geometries are activated in micro-cylindrical structures. Also, structure curvature enhances radiation in the far-field, enabling super-blackbody radiation in some cases. The results above are analyzed from the perspective that oscillators have more opportunity to radiate energy away from the curved structure. Lastly, the enhancement mechanism studied above is applied to thermal rectification with cylindrical configuration, the max rectification ratio can be up to 22 in GST-SiO₂ system, achieving an order-of-magnitude enhancement compared the ratio of 2 in planer structure. This work provides a further insight to thermal management in micro-systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale numerical investigation of water–gas flow and heat transport in gas diffusion layers with varying fiber/additive content and hydrophobicity","authors":"Danan Yang,&nbsp;Martin Andersson,&nbsp;Himani Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additives such as binders and hydrophobic agents are commonly introduced into the fibrous Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) of proton exchange membrane fuel cells to enhance mechanical strength and facilitate water management. However, the effect of additive/fiber content and surface wettability on water removal, oxygen diffusion, and heat conduction remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we develop a stochastic GDL reconstruction framework with systematically varied fiber and additive content. The reconstructed structures are analyzed through pore–throat network extraction, interface-resolved two-phase flow simulations, as well as oxygen diffusion and heat conduction simulations under dry and partially saturated conditions. The variation in surface wettability caused by the coating of hydrophobic additives is simulated by the contact angle. The results reveal that increased fiber content significantly restricts pore space, thereby weakening oxygen diffusivity and increasing breakthrough pressure, while having a limited impact on stabilized water saturation and thermal conductivity. Additives, particularly at high loadings, reduce pore connectivity and gas transport, though enhanced hydrophobicity partially mitigates these effects. Oxygen diffusivity is found to be particularly sensitive to changes in effective pore space caused by additive inclusion and water occupation. These findings present a comprehensive quantitative perspective on how additive design modulates GDL transport properties and provide a simulation-based framework for optimizing fuel cell GDL microstructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation study on thermophysical properties of carbon nanotube-enhanced lithium fluoride as a high-temperature phase change material","authors":"Amir Mohammad Rahimzadeh Abdi ,&nbsp;Shidvash Vakilipour ,&nbsp;Jafar Al-Zaili","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium fluoride is combined with single-walled carbon nanotubes to enhance its performance as a phase change material for using the latent heat thermal energy storage approach in concentrated solar power systems. Molecular dynamics simulation using Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator is employed to evaluate thermophysical properties, including density, melting point, enthalpy, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficients, and viscosity, across both solid and liquid phases. The addition of single-walled carbon nanotube increases the density by 3.11–6.35% in the system containing 704 carbon atoms and 5.47–10.26% in the system containing 1024 carbon atoms, while enhancing the thermal conductivity by 2.76–29.42% and 17.06–33.53% in the respective systems, thereby improving volumetric energy storage and heat transfer. A reduction in melting temperature and a minor enhancement in specific heat capacity, up to 2.6% at higher carbon concentration, are also observed. Diffusion coefficients are reduced by up to 33% and viscosity by up to 35% at higher SWCNT concentrations, demonstrating the material’s suitability for stationary thermal energy storage systems. Figure of merit analysis indicates that the composite phase change material with 1024 carbon atoms exhibits the best overall performance. These findings highlight the potential of single-walled carbon nanotube-enhanced lithium fluoride as a composite phase change material for thermal energy storage applications, validating the effectiveness of molecular dynamics simulations for high-temperature composite phase change material optimization in concentrated solar power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on subsonic film cooling performance with subregional strategy","authors":"Chenfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Li ,&nbsp;Jialin Liu ,&nbsp;Ruofan Wang ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsonic film cooling performance is investigated, applying an experimental research method as the main approach with numerical simulation supplemented. The linear turbine cascade experiment of film cooling is designed and arranged to validate the subregional strategy, which adds different compound angles to the film cooling holes based on the extents of secondary flow. The strategy is applied to four types of blade models and all cases of the experiment are conducted under subsonic conditions with a high-temperature difference, enabling the acquisition of both film cooling and aerodynamic data. The impact of subregional strategy on film cooling and aerodynamic performance is progressively analyzed with mechanisms gradually clarified. Film Cooling Effectiveness, Total Pressure Loss Coefficient and Isentropic Mach Number are selected and gathered as analyzing parameters. According to the results at design incidence, subregional strategy of film cooling is experimentally and numerically proved to improve Film Cooling Effectiveness in all cases, which also brings mass flow rate fluctuation in the coolant cavity. Less loss generation is confirmed in certain cases with subregional strategy. By suppressing the passage vortex and counter-rotating vortex separately, loss can be cut down while providing better film cooling on different positions of the blade surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127882"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new one-dimensional model of thermoelectric generators","authors":"Yidan Wu,&nbsp;Weigang Ma,&nbsp;Zeng-Yuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The one-dimensional (1D) theoretical models for thermoelectric generators (TEGs) widely used to interpret experimental results and guide device design have not been subjected to a rigorous re-evaluation. In this work, we examine the foundations of the traditional 1D TEG model and identify the omission of the heat flow induced by the Seebeck effect, and inconsistencies in boundary conditions, both of which can lead to deviations in predicting the origin of thermoelectric power and the energy conversion efficiency. A new 1D model with Seebeck heat flow and four junction temperatures is proposed based on actual thermoelectric generators. In addition, The TEG system is decomposed into a thermal subsystem and an electrical subsystem, which can clarify the energy conservation relation at the interface and inside element. Numerical solutions to the governing equations system of the new 1D model show that compared to traditional 1D models, the new 1D model has three advantages: (1) the temperature at both ends of the thermoelectric element is variable, not fixed; (2) the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be more accurately predicted; (3) the output electrical power does not come from the conversion of Peltier heat flow, but from the conversion of heat flow provided by the heat reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vortex pair-constraint Gaussian superposition method for predicting film cooling effectiveness of converging slot hole in turbine blade","authors":"Jianqin Zhu,&nbsp;Shurui Ren,&nbsp;Zeyuan Cheng,&nbsp;Ruihan Liu,&nbsp;Rong Fu,&nbsp;Huidong Tang,&nbsp;Lu Qiu,&nbsp;Zixiang Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of film cooling effectiveness is essential for the thermal protection of turbine blades. As a novel high-performance film hole, converging slot holes provide superior lateral coverage by generating three interacting vortex pairs, resulting in much more complex flow structures than the formed by cylindrical or fan-shaped holes, which typically produce a single vortex pair. Existing empirical correlations and unconstrained machine learning approaches, which are primarily developed based on simpler vortex structures, lack the generalization capability required to accurately predict the film cooling performance of converging slot holes. This study proposes a novel Vortex Pair-constraint Gaussian superposition method (VP-GSM) to predict the film cooling effectiveness of converging slot holes. The method identifies the three vortex pairs generated by the converging slot holes via Q-criterion analysis and reconstructs the film cooling effectiveness distribution through a superposition of three corresponding Gaussian functions. The results show that for single hole configurations, the method achieves an average relative error of 2.94% for the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness compared to CFD-computed results on flat plate models, representing a 57% improvement in prediction accuracy over direct prediction approach. For multi-row configurations, an improved Sellers superposition method introduces a correction factor to account for the complex vortex interactions induced by multiple rows, reducing prediction errors by up to 11.90% compared to the conventional Sellers superposition approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of vortex modes and heat transfer in metal foam/nanoparticles composite phase change materials under the combined action of centrifugal force and magnetic field","authors":"Weijia Li ,&nbsp;Yijie Zhuang ,&nbsp;Jiajing Wang ,&nbsp;Jing-Chun Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the heat transfer, energy storage characteristics, and vortex mode transformation mechanism of non-Newtonian nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) in metal foam. A three-dimensional numerical model based on the enthalpy-porosity method, Darcy-Forchheimer model, and local thermal non-equilibrium model was established and verified by experiments. Key parameters including nanoparticle mass fraction (<span><math><msub><mstyle><mi>Φ</mi></mstyle><mrow><mi>w</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), Rayleigh number (Ra), centrifugal force (<span><math><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></math></span>), and Magnetic number (Mn) were focused on to examine their effects on the melting heat transfer process of NEPCM. The results indicate the following: At higher Ra (10⁵), natural convection dominates heat transfer, and the effect of adding nanoparticles on enhancing heat transfer and energy storage is relatively insignificant. At Ra = 10⁴, the direction of centrifugal force achieves intervention in the evolution of the melting front as well as heat transfer and energy storage by changing the magnitude and direction of buoyancy. The coupling effects of centrifugal force and magnetic field cause the original radial flow of the fluid to deflect, resulting in the evolution from transverse vortexes to vertical vortexes. The study focuses on two typical vortex modes corresponding to centrifugal forces of - 5 g (quasi-vertical vortex) and - 1 g (fully vertical vortex) at Ra = 10⁴ and Mn = 8 × 10⁶. Finally, a vortex mode distribution diagram regulated by Ra-Mn-<span><math><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></math></span> is constructed, and four vortex modes are revealed. The study aims to provide theoretical basis for the thermal management design of phase change thermal energy storage systems in aerospace environments with varying centrifugal forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer and deformation mechanisms of a nature-inspired transpiration cooling system for deformable aircraft","authors":"Xize Jing ,&nbsp;Shengbo Shi ,&nbsp;Maoyuan Li ,&nbsp;Jun Liang ,&nbsp;Christos Skamniotis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants cooldown by moving water from their roots to their leaves at no energy expense, uniformly and reliably. Can engineers mimic plants to deliver intelligent cooling systems for supersonic/hypersonic flight? Evidence here suggests that such an advancement is possible. We propose a radically new transpiration cooling concept which is inspired by nature and combines supreme characteristics: the coolant flow adjusts naturally to the external heat flux environment thanks to capillary forces and the system can deform excessively if rubber-based materials are used. Experiments on exemplary nickel-based cooling systems indicate that the peak solid temperature can be maintained below 130 °C at heat loads of 270 kW/m², attributable to an excellent convective cooling efficiency of <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 91 %. This efficiency is predicted to reduce to <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 54 % for the case of silicon rubber, suggesting that the system could provide efficient cooling in future deformable aircraft wings, if rubber-based walls with intricate cooling channels can be manufactured. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Elements (FE) analyses also indicate that the cooling performance and structural integrity of the proposed TPS can be improved by modifying cooling channel geometry. Our study will hopefully provide a steppingstone to developing nature inspired TPS for greener aerospace vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127881"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of microencapsulated phase change suspension flow in wavy porous microchannels with different phase differences","authors":"Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Dai ,&nbsp;Yingwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127856","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The wavy microchannel heat sink (MCHS) with porous fins exhibits tremendous potential for cooling high-power electronic devices. However, due to limitations in existing laboratory equipment capabilities, the underlying mechanisms of complex flow and heat transfer in wavy porous microchannels with varying phase differences could not be revealed, which hindered the further control and optimization of convective heat transfer process. In this study, the convection and performance characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material slurry (MPCMS) flowing through wavy porous microchannels with various phase differences under incompressible, steady and laminar flow conditions are analyzed based on a three-dimensional fluid-solid conjugate model. By utilizing velocity and temperature profiles as well as defining dimensionless parameters such as &lt;em&gt;τ, θ, Nu, Po, R&lt;sub&gt;Nu&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;PEF&lt;/em&gt;, the hydrothermal properties of wavy MCHS with MPCMS as coolant are analyzed in depth with respect to the intrinsic connection with phase difference, porous and solid materials, wavy amplitude, wavelength, and Reynolds number, and the performance is compared with that of the pristine straight configuration. The study reveals that fluid flow within the channels is deflected due to phase differences, resulting in a velocity profile resembling a skewed distribution in wavy channel configurations other than φ = 180°. Compared to the wavy porous configurations with phase differences of φ = 0° and 180°, the modes of φ = 30° and 90° as well as φ = 270° exhibit lower and higher pressure drops owing to larger and smaller flow cross-sectional areas, respectively. Aluminum and copper MCHS demonstrate superior overall performance compared to steel, nickel, and silicon in terms of porous/solid materials. However, aluminum is preferred as a raw material when considering manufacturing costs. Within the tested ranges of &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;λ, R&lt;sub&gt;Nu&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;PEF&lt;/em&gt; are greater than 1 for all wavy channel configurations, but the difference in φ results in different growth rates. The mode with φ = 270° offers a significant advantage in heat transfer enhancement when pumping power consumption is not a primary concern, while the mode with φ = 0° exhibits a greater advantage in overall performance improvement. Furthermore, for scenarios with lower &lt;em&gt;Re&lt;/em&gt;, smaller &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt; and larger &lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;, the wavy configuration with φ = 270° simultaneously achieves higher heat transfer and overall performance, and is therefore recommended to be preferred. This research uncovers the underlying mechanisms of flow and heat transfer of MPCMS in wavy porous microchannels with varying phase differences, which fills the gaps arising from experimental limitations and bridges the deficiencies in deep mechanistic analysis, and provides valuable insights for the future design and optimization of wavy channels for various heat transfer applications.&lt;","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}