International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"The start of the nucleation process in heated composite droplets: A semi-analytical model","authors":"Andrey A. Chernov ,&nbsp;Dmitrii V. Antonov ,&nbsp;Pavel A. Strizhak ,&nbsp;Sergei S. Sazhin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A model for the start of the nucleation process during liquid overheating, based on the kinetic theory of phase transformation, is developed and applied to the analysis of puffing/micro-explosion in composite water/n-dodecane droplets. The contributions of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleations, both of which are mainly controlled by the free energy of the formation of a critical nucleus, are considered. The nucleation temperature is identified as the maximal temperature in the volume in which the nucleation process starts. The heterogeneous nucleation rate is shown to be a strong function of the wetting angle at the surfaces of the particles that are the sources of heterogeneity. The sensitivity of the nucleation rate to this angle is shown to lead to the sensitivity of the predicted nucleation temperature to this angle. This temperature is shown to be a weak function of the rate of temperature change <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>T</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></span> for homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. It is shown that, for real-life values of input parameters, the predicted nucleation temperatures are reasonably close to those inferred from experimental data, both original in-house and previously published. The new model allows us to gain new insight into the physical background of the phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the mass transfer efficiency of random and structured packings under distillation of positive, neutral, and negative system in the i.d. 0.3 m column","authors":"Tereza Čmelíková,&nbsp;Lukáš Valenz,&nbsp;František J. Rejl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distillation experiments were carried out under total reflux in a 0.3 m i.d. column equipped with a structured packing (Sulzer MellapakPlus™ 252.Y) and a lattice-type random packing (Sulzer NeXRing™ 0.7). Binary C₆–C₇ hydrocarbon mixtures were investigated, including cyclohexane/n-heptane (negative system) and n-hexane/cyclohexane (positive system). Given the close similarity of the gas-phase properties of the systems, comparable separation efficiencies would be expected.</div><div>Nevertheless, the height equivalent to a theoretical plate differed by approximately 15–20% under identical <em>F</em>_G factors, with the highest <em>HETP</em> observed for the negative system and the lowest for the positive system. The same trend was found for both structured and random packings, indicating that the effect is not restricted to a specific packing type. Compared with earlier studies employing wetted-wall columns and first-generation random packings, the magnitude of the effect is reduced for modern industrial packings. Existing models fail to provide a satisfactory quantitative description of the observed behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128476"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of slurry fuel atomization processes based on the Coanda effect in a pneumatic nozzle","authors":"V.A. Kuznetsov ,&nbsp;D.M. Bozheeva ,&nbsp;A.V. Minakov ,&nbsp;A.A. Dekterev ,&nbsp;L.I. Maltsev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An important stage of thermal processing of suspension fuel (based on organic fuel) is the process of its atomization. Liquid fuel atomization is a complex process of movement and interaction of a multiphase medium, depending on a multitude of interconnected parameters of the fuel and medium, hydrodynamic effects, and the type of nozzle device. To effectively apply such technologies in practice and correctly determine spray parameters, there is a need for their detailed study. To describe the spraying processes, a numerical technique based on the VOF-DPM (ELSA) model and the DES turbulence modeling method was proposed. The numerical method was verified based on experimental data (flow velocity, droplet distribution, spray angle). The novelty of the work lies in the development of a method for numerical modeling of the primary atomization of high-viscosity suspension fuels in a flow with shock waves in a pneumatic nozzle with the Coanda effect. Numerical studies of the influence of the ratio of jet impulses on the formation of gas-droplet flow and spray parameters were carried out. The analysis of the results of modeling the process of spraying suspended fuel in a promising nozzle device at different air pressures and different liquid flow rates was carried out. The dependence of the structure of the multiphase flow inside the nozzle and the spray processes on the ratio of the forces of the counter-jets (liquid and gas-droplet) has been established. Based on the calculation results, it was established that for pressures above 3 bar, the formation of Mach disks is observed. It is shown that the speed of the reverse jet (cumulative type) increases from 125 to 160 m/s with an increase in pressure from 1 to 6 bar (at a fixed fuel consumption of 180 kg/h). It is shown that at a pressure of 3 bar, the critical fuel consumption will be 900 kg/hour. Analysis of the calculation results showed that the maximum axial velocity of suspension fuel droplets is 15–19 % less than the gas velocity (in the negative and positive velocity range).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional thermomechanical response of viscoelastic skin tissue under laser irradiation","authors":"Hao-Jie Jiang ,&nbsp;Xi-Yang Yin ,&nbsp;Qing-Zhao Guo ,&nbsp;Xiao-Gui Wang ,&nbsp;Ning-Hua Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of laser-induced mechanical responses in skin is essential for improving treatment safety, yet existing studies often rely on simplified one- or two-dimensional models that cannot characterize the fully thermomechanical coupled three-dimensional viscoelastic behavior of skin tissue under laser loading. To address this gap, this work aims to establish a three-dimensional viscoelastic thermomechanical model capable of quantifying stress and deformation of skin subjected to laser irradiation, and to solve it using a combination of analytical and numerical methods. The proposed model is capable of evaluating how laser parameters and physiological properties of the tissue systematically, including blood perfusion rate, influence the resulting deformation and stress distributions. The findings show that 585 nm irradiation induces a significantly higher compressive stress, with a peak value of approximately 1.92 MPa, compared with 0.85 MPa at 1064 nm under identical loading conditions. Increasing the spot radius is found to reduce the peak surface stress by approximately 10-20%, while enhancing the blood perfusion rate decreases the stress amplitude by about 5% within the physiological range. This study provides practical guidance for optimizing laser treatment parameters, improving surgical safety, and guiding thermomechanical applications in biomedical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128460"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental studies on an improved simulated annealing algorithm for inverse heat flux identification in transpiration cooling thermal protection systems","authors":"Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Ming-Jia Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Yan-Xia Du ,&nbsp;Lan-Sen Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate identification of heat flux in transpiration cooling thermal protection systems (TPS) is critical for precise temperature control and optimization of cooling efficiency during active control processes. However, identifying surface heat flux in such systems poses more significant challenges than conventional inverse heat conduction problems (IHCP), primarily due to the complex interactions among high-Mach-number flows, compressible outflow, and microscale percolation effects in a porous medium. In this paper, the inverse heat infiltration coupling problem (IHICPP), which focuses on identifying surface heat flux in porous transpiration cooling TPS, is analyzed in detail. To transform HICPP into an optimization problem, a local thermal non-equilibrium model is employed to simulate the direct problem. The objective function is formulated using the least-squares method. An improved simulated annealing algorithm (ISAA) is proposed, which leverages gradient iteration within the simulated annealing framework to enhance identification accuracy and computational efficiency. The ISAA demonstrates merit performance across various surface heat flux waveforms and TPS thicknesses, achieving stable and reliable results. This study serves as a valuable reference for active control and optimization of TPS, offering a robust methodology for IHICPP in high-Mach-number aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensionality reduction design and optimization of gaseous oxygen cooling radiator for in-situ lunar resources utilization","authors":"Pengyu Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Yao ,&nbsp;Siyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Chengdan He ,&nbsp;Yongjun Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiation cooling process of the oxygen on the Moon is crucial for the <em>in-situ</em> lunar resource utilization. Cooling power and mass are the most important performance indicators of the radiator, which are significantly affected by the radiator’s structure. It is crucial to design and optimize the cooling radiator structure. A dimensionality reduction modeling method (DRMM) and the corresponding mathematical model are proposed in this study, which can eliminate the effect of actual radiation area variation and reduce the computational load significantly during the optimization process. Based on this, the radiator structure optimization for cooling power and mass is conducted and validated by the combination of DRMM, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). The results show that among the structural parameters, the curve number has the most significant impact on both cooling power and mass, followed by vertical and horizontal edge distances. The final optimized structure of the radiator could reduce the oxygen temperature from 423.15 K to 299.46 K with almost no pressure drop. Moreover, it reduces the radiator mass by 13.57 % with an almost negligible decrease in cooling power compared to the original structure. The structure optimization based on the DRMM would be helpful for the radiator optimization in the context of <em>in-situ</em> lunar resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128473"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of topological optimization of turbulent conjugate heat transfer in complex design domains by the initialization layout method based on flow field control","authors":"Linxiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Kaikai Luo ,&nbsp;Haoran Pan ,&nbsp;Longwen Liu ,&nbsp;Fudong Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of low computational efficiency and poor solution quality in topology optimization for turbulent conjugate heat transfer, this study proposes a search-and-shape two-phase optimization framework. The second phase introduces modifications to the objective function to accelerate structural convergence. Furthermore, based on an analysis of conventional initial layouts’ influence on final topologies, we develop an innovative flow field control initialization topology framework named DNNTO. It integrates a reduced-order model combining multi-neural network interactions, the ETO method, and automatic differentiation, effectively balancing search efficiency and computational accuracy in high-dimensional data spaces. A novel multi-objective function based on regional correction and flow field restructuring is also introduced, which uniformly characterizes cooling performance across different solid-phase area fractions. Solving this framework yields a well-structured initial flow field, which is then optimized using an adjoint-based discrete sensitivity model and the GCMMA algorithm. Results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves superior optimization performance while significantly reducing computational time and structural complexity. Compared to traditional straight and bio-inspired channels, DNNTO reduces the average temperature variation by 43% and 37%, and peak temperature variation by 48% and 38%, respectively, under lower pressure drop. Across various flow conditions, it consistently outperforms conventional designs by at least 80%. When compared to conventional topology optimization on finer meshes, DNNTO reduces optimization time by 80% and structural complexity by 30%, while maintaining superior thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Heat and Mass Transfer Applications in Biomedical Systems","authors":"Kambiz Vafai ,&nbsp;Marcello Iasiello ,&nbsp;Khalil Khanafer ,&nbsp;Shadi Mahjoob","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do bubbles grow on a downward-facing heater: an evolution analysis based on ellipsoidal bubble model","authors":"Yankuan Li ,&nbsp;Wufeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Da Wang ,&nbsp;Ryo Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Jinbiao Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding bubble behavior is an important issue on boiling phenomena. Bubbles exhibit distinct motion characteristics and morphological changes under different heating surface orientation conditions, thereby influencing the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF). However, compared with the vertical or upward situations, studies on the heating surface facing downward are relatively rare. In order to efficiently capture bubble information and conduct the evolution analysis of bubble boiling, this study develops a bubble recognition method based on an artificial intelligence algorithm YOLOv8, applying to obtain the bubbles information from a nucleate boiling experiment with the downward-facing heater surface. The videos under different mass flux and heat flux are captured by high-speed cameras, including the bottom and the side of the flow. In previous studies, bubbles were mostly assumed to be spherical. In actual situations, especially in downward-facing heater surface, bubbles tend to compress during their growth. Based on a presumed ellipsoidal bubble model, velocity, radius, growth rate and shape change of bubbles were analyzed. The result shows that bubbles are sliding and growing at uniform speed in the experiment. Two key parameters' distributions were proposed and measured, constructing a model for the change in bubble radius and volume. This result provides assistance for further research and engineering design, such as CFD of bubbles, construction of boiling heat transfer models, and design of reactor safety systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128456"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Pin-Fin Layout on Transient Saturated Flow Boiling in Expanding Micro Heat Sinks","authors":"Burak Markal ,&nbsp;Alperen Evcimen ,&nbsp;Ömer Öksüz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interactions among liquid phase, vapor bubbles and geometrical structures along the flow path strongly affect thermo-fluidic mechanisms for flow boiling in micro-spaces. Therefore, in a micro-pin-finned system, layout of pin-fins has great potential for improvement of thermal performance in such systems. As a first investigation in literature, here, role of pin-fin layout on transient saturated flow boiling conditions being performed in expanding micro heat sinks under variable heating powers was conducted. Four different pin-finned heat sinks (PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4), one of which is the reference case (PF1, having uniform fin distribution), were tested for two mass velocities (159 and 256 kg m^-2 s^-1). For each experimental run, a variable heating power (147W, 252W, 195W, 290W, 147W) sequence was applied. Discussion was improved by flow images. Contribution of effective forces changes based on the pin-fin distribution, and this variation plays a critical role in flow boiling performance. Under both mass fluxes, at each heating power value, the highest values of <em>h_tp</em> (abbreviation of two-phase heat transfer coefficient) are obtained for PF4. For 147W and 159 kg s^-1 m^-2, the average <em>h_tp</em> of PF4 is approximately 85%, 41%, 45% higher than that calculated for PF1, PF2 and PF3, respectively. It is concluded that PF4 is the optimal choice. PF4 is distinctly superior in terms of heat transfer performance, provides the highest PEC value at low mass flux, and offers the second-highest PEC value at high mass flux, with a magnitude comparable to that of PF2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 128461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}