International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and theoretical investigation on heat absorption capacity of hydrocarbon fuel at high temperature and high pressure","authors":"Penghao Liu ,&nbsp;Suying Bai ,&nbsp;Quan Zhu ,&nbsp;Liwei Chen ,&nbsp;Ruijuan He ,&nbsp;Jing Jing ,&nbsp;Jinggang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrocarbon fuels, which can efficiently recover and utilize a large amount of heat through physical and chemical absorption processes, have been applied in the thermal management system of advanced aircraft engines. For physical heat absorption, the isobaric heat capacities of hydrocarbon fuel n-decane are measured and analyzed using the convective mixing technique with temperature ranging from 298.3 K to 770.2 K and pressure ranging from 2.2 MPa to 3.5 MPa. Then a novel correlation model for isobaric heat capacity is developed. For both one-component and multi-component fuels, the novel model exhibits better performance than the traditional model and can accurately depict the 3-D diagrams and 2-D contours of isobaric heat capacities across the liquid, critical and supercritical regions. In addition, the numerical model with a linked-list data structure is constructed to predict the flow characteristics, verifying measurement accuracy while enhancing computational efficiency and data transmission rate. On this basis, the energy balance equation of flowing fuel in the channel is established and its physical heat absorption characteristics are analyzed in detail. Further, for chemical heat absorption, the thermodynamic function method for cracking fuel at high temperature is standardized by an intelligent system, reducing the average relative deviation from 10.41 % to 2.57 % and the maximum relative deviation from 20.45 % to 4.23 %. This work not only quantitatively characterizes the physical and chemical absorption capacities of hydrocarbon fuel, but also develops a standardization method, a novel correlation model and a numerical model to investigate the heat absorption characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The general solution of the inverse heat source calibration problem in weld modelling","authors":"D.K. Rissaki ,&nbsp;A.N. Vasileiou ,&nbsp;P.G. Benardos ,&nbsp;G.-C. Vosniakos ,&nbsp;M.C. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In weld modelling, under limited temperature information (e.g. having just fusion boundary), heat source calibration (i.e. estimating heat input efficiency, heat source shape and heat loss) could lead to multiple apparently equivalent solutions, due to the cumulative influence of heat parameters on the induced temperature field. In this paper, an algorithm to estimate heat parameters is presented, which can recognise the existence of multiple good solutions and determine them simultaneously, given any set of temperature evidence points. The algorithm consists of two steps: (1) Reduction of the solution interval by quantifying the uncertainty induced by the limited temperature evidence, with an iterative process of linearising the temperature in respect to heat parameters, and (2) Determination of the exact, general solution of the system by utilising the particular solution of minimum objective function and the kernel of the homogeneous system of equations. For demonstration of the method’s performance on solving the inverse heat source calibration problem, a finite element solver of quasi-stationary state is used, to simulate the temperature field of the direct problem, firstly on an assumed simulated temperature field, and then on temperature data from an arc weld experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm, within, typically, few iterations (six or less iterations for the representative cases examined in this study), is capable of determining the general solution of heat parameters, that is, not only one heat parameter solution which fulfils the evidence but all possible solutions in case of under-determined systems. This makes the proposed method superior to other optimisation methods previously suggested for heat parameter estimation of ill-posed thermal problems which were able to find just one possible solution at a time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating flow by Y-shaped blocks to improve performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Tongxi Zheng ,&nbsp;Mingxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Luan ,&nbsp;Ke Jiang ,&nbsp;Xunkang Su ,&nbsp;Yihui Feng ,&nbsp;Yongbang Chen ,&nbsp;Mi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenning Liu ,&nbsp;Guolong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) is significantly influenced by the flow field of bipolar plate. Herein, Y-shaped blocks are installed in flow channels to separate the flow of gas reactants, thereby improving the mass transfer and performance of PEMFC. First, the ranges for three key parameters of the Y-shaped blocks including base width (Y₁), base length (Y₂) and dividing angle (A) have been determined individually. Then, the optimal geometric parameters have been obtained for the Y-shaped blocks by Response Surface Methodology in a single channel PEMFC. Two flow fields with the optimal Y-shaped blocks have been built based on parallel flow field (PFF) and serpentine flow field (SFF). PFF with Y-shaped blocks (Y-PFF) and SFF with Y-shaped blocks (Y-SFF) increase the net power density of PEMFC by 25.6 % and 17.4 %, in comparison with PFF and SFF respectively. Such a performance enhancement is mainly attributable to the improved mass transfer as indicated by the secondary flow at the tail of the block and the increase of local pressure between the blocks. Meanwhile, the use of Y-shaped blocks can also achieve better liquid water removal. This innovative flow field design provides valuable insights for flow regulation in channels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow distribution regulation in microchannels for emitter side-mounted ionic wind heat sink and its implication for high-efficiency thermal management","authors":"Jing Wang,&nbsp;Wen-jie Shen,&nbsp;Ji-chen Ma,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Wei-dong Zhao,&nbsp;Yun-xi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating demand for miniaturized and high-performance electronic devices has led to a substantial surge in the heat generation rate, which poses a significant threat to the stability and reliability of electronic components. Conventional cooling technologies are now confronted with formidable challenges. In this study, an ionic wind heat sink (IWHS) was developed by positioning wire electrodes parallel to the fin channels. The key innovation lies in the strategic rearrangement of the emitters, which effectively modifies the flow distribution of the mixed flow, thereby enhancing the cooling efficiency. A comprehensive approach integrating experimental investigations and numerical simulations was adopted. Regarding material selection, the results indicate that it exerts a substantial impact on both the cooling performance and the heat transfer efficiency per unit mass of the IWHS. The primary structural parameters of the IWHS play a crucial role in determining its cooling capacity and the flow distribution of the mixed flow. The discharge gap affects the gas flow intensity through two main mechanisms. It weakens the body force acting on charged particles. It reduces the mean electric field intensity around the wire electrodes, leading to a decrease in the gas flow intensity. The flow speed drops due to wall friction within the fin channels and the loss of acceleration downstream. The combination of ionic wind and low-velocity incoming flow can remarkably increase the heat transfer coefficient and reduce the thermal resistance. The parallel side-placement design cuts down the momentum loss by 28%. The insulation wall isolation technology suppresses 93% of the potential interference between electrodes. This design offers a novel thermal management solution for micro-electronic devices, enabling a 40% reduction in volume and a three-fold increase in the energy efficiency ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127245"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction dynamics between cavitation bubbles and compressible air bubbles in an infinite domain","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong He ,&nbsp;Caisheng Huang,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air entrainment is of great significance for mitigating cavitation erosion damage, but current numerical studies on cavitation predominantly neglect the influence of air bubbles on cavitation bubble dynamics. This study employs a two-component compressible phase-change model to elucidate three distinct interaction modes between cavitation and air bubbles: upward jetting, splitting, and downward jetting. Notably, the downward jetting mode demonstrates markedly higher velocity compared to other patterns. Crucially, when inter-bubble spacing reduces below a critical dimensionless threshold, the high-pressure pulse from air bubble collapse induces micro-jets exceeding 200 m/s. Through dimensional analysis, we establish a dimensionless parameter correlating air bubble size (η) and separation distance (γ). Theoretical derivation shows the cavitation bubble collapse time exhibits an exponential decay dependence on the parameter (γ/η), while maximum expansion velocity scales with the sixth power of its reciprocal. The theoretical breakthrough lies in demonstrating that regulated air bubble sizing can strategically suppress cavitation erosion: Air bubble collapse not only attenuates cavitation collapse intensity but also redirects destructive energy through micro-jet orientation control. These findings establish fundamental guidelines for cavitation protection in hydraulic structures, providing crucial theoretical references for erosion suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new implicit formulation of the enthalpy method using flag updates","authors":"Timothy Peters ,&nbsp;Josh Shelton ,&nbsp;Hui Tang ,&nbsp;Philippe H. Trinh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the computation of problems involving phase changes, numerical approaches formulated on enthalpy offer numerous advantages to ‘front-tracking’ methods where the moving boundary between phases is explicitly tracked. However, due to the piecewise definition of enthalpy, such formulations effectively insert additional nonlinearity into the governing equations, thus adding increased complexity to implicit time-evolution schemes. In this paper, we develop and present a new ‘flag-update’ enthalpy method that crucially results in a linear set of equations at each time step. The equations can then be formulated as a sparse linear system, and subsequently solved using a more efficient inversion process. In a detailed error analysis, and via benchmarking on the classic Stefan problem in 1D and 2D, we show that the flag-update scheme is significantly faster than traditional implicit (Gauss–Seidel SOR) methods. However, speedup does not persist in 3D due to the significant memory and storage manipulations required. This study highlights the need to develop rigorous numerical analysis thresholds on such schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Levenberg Marquardt algorithm for identifying unsteady thermal load in transient heat conduction problems","authors":"Wenwei Jiang,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Chenhao Tan,&nbsp;Yuntao Zhou,&nbsp;Kai Yang,&nbsp;Xiaowei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to effectively identify unsteady thermal load, a novel deep learning-assisted Levenberg Marquardt algorithm (deep LMA) is proposed for inverse heat conduction problems (IHCPs). First, order-reduction method is employed to extract features from high-dimensional input measured temperatures data (assumed to be obtained via finite element simulations). Then, under small-sample conditions, a deep neural network is constructed to implicitly map the relationship between the reduced-order features of the input and the characterization parameters of the unknown unsteady thermal loads on the offline stage. On the online stage, the trained network provides a preliminary solution by predicting the thermal load parameters, which serves as an initial estimate for one iteration of the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm to obtain the final result. Several numerical examples, including laser heating, pulse heating, aerodynamic heating and 2D smelting furnace with phase change heat transfer, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicate that deep LMA achieves both high efficiency and accuracy. Compared with the pure LMA method, the online computational cost is reduced by several orders of magnitude. Compared with purely data-driven deep learning, the proposed approach requires only a small-sample database and reduced offline computational effort while maintaining high accuracy. In addition, generalisation tests reveal that deep LMA maintains acceptable accuracy when applied to conditions outside the training sample space and varying material properties without retraining. Overall, deep LMA achieves the lowest total computational cost among the three methods while offering reliable performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic porous membranes with pore-size gradient design for enhancing two-phase flow stability","authors":"Donghao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongjia Wu ,&nbsp;Dongcheng Liu ,&nbsp;Ouyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingzhen Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forced convection boiling exhibits an extremely high heat transfer rate, making it attractive for the effective cooling of electronic devices with high heat fluxes. However, the increase in the vapor fraction along the channel results in the instability of two-phase flow, which is harmful for the long-term safe operation of cooling systems. In this study, a gas-liquid two-phase flow visualization platform was designed, and the feasibility of using hydrophobic porous membranes for gas-liquid phase separation was verified through bubble trapping and liquid-phase blocking experiments. Experiments were conducted using deionized water and air at room temperature to investigate the effects of membrane pore-size, thickness, and gradient-pore-size design on gas-phase separation performance and two-phase flow stability. Under the inlet conditions with a gas flow rate of 1.29 × 10^-³ kg/min and liquid flow rate of 0.6 kg/min, the 3 μm porous membrane reduced the pressure in the two-phase cavity by 49.2 %, decreased pressure fluctuations by 230 %, and significantly suppressed the fluctuations in the inlet-outlet pressure differential. Compared to a single-pore-size membrane of the same thickness, the 3 μm/0.1 μm gradient-pore-size membrane reduced the pressure in the two-phase cavity by 14.6 % and decreased pressure fluctuations by 40 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study of 3D-printed Knudsen pump with liquid cooling","authors":"Vasily Kosyanchuk ,&nbsp;Alexander Petrov ,&nbsp;Mikhail Kik ,&nbsp;Maria Yagodina ,&nbsp;Roman Seredenko","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In present paper we perform a combined experimental and theoretical study of a Knudsen pump (KP), which uses membranes, active liquid heating/cooling and microgrids, printed with microstereolithography method. Dependence of pressure difference generated by KP on applied temperature difference, number of stages in the device and Knudsen number in the membrane was investigated. Obtained results are shown to be in good accordance with theory. In addition, the convenient geometry of the microstage allowed for a detailed analysis of the coefficient of temperature loss on a membrane as a function of the geometric and physical parameters of the microstage. At the same time, performed experiments revealed that combination of mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membranes and 3D-printed microchannels with liquid heating/cooling may appear to be inefficient due to high ”effective” pore size of MCE membranes and notable temperature loss on membrane sides (compared to external temperature difference of cooler and heater elements).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD simulation of the effect of membrane thickness and reactants flow rate on water management in PEM fuel cells","authors":"Alessandro d’Adamo,&nbsp;Lorenzo Martoccia,&nbsp;Federico Croci,&nbsp;Carmine Marra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are receiving a higher-than-ever interest to maximize their specific performance and reach the industrial maturity for large-scale application. One of the most promising development directions consists in using ultra-thin electrolytes, which are known to lower the ohmic overpotential. However, thin membranes effects extend largely beyond the mere internal resistance reduction, encompassing the often-overlooked full spectrum of water-related processes and of species crossover.</div><div>In this study a three-dimensional multi-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model is presented and used to characterize the coupled current/water transport for two membrane thicknesses (30 and 6 µm), using experimental data from literature at high stoichiometry for model validation and extending the simulations to low flow rates corresponding to realistic stoichiometry. The simulation results highlight the complexity of the transport processes involved, resulting in a promoted self-humidification for thin membranes and under low stoichiometry. Two original figures of merit are introduced to (i) quantify the dominant water transport mode, and (ii) to attribute a self-humidification quality to the produced electric power, innovatively identifying which transport mode prevails and <em>how</em> a given power density is produced in terms of external water need, thus proposing a new method to design highly-efficient and self-humidified PEM fuel cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}