International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Stochastic perturbation and stability analysis of a reduced order model of natural circulation loops","authors":"John Matulis ,&nbsp;Suneet Singh ,&nbsp;Hitesh Bindra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural circulation is commonly accounted for and designed into thermal fluid systems such as nuclear reactors and concentrated solar thermal plants as part of safety systems and normal operation. This work presents the development of a Fourier-based model of single-phase natural circulation loops with application-relevant boundary conditions to study their performance, stability, and response to geometry-induced turbulence fluctuations. This results in a reduced order model consisting of eight ordinary differential equations that reproduces the phenomena observed in experiments and numerical simulations. This model enables a robust study of the stability and dynamics of the system. The model results compare well against past experiments for steady-state conditions and instability predictions. Supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations are obtained, and a chaotic attractor is observed in line with previous predictions and studies. The effect of transient fluctuations arising from complex geometry in the system is modeled using a data-driven statistical emulator with the help of a modified minor loss coefficient or form friction parameter.</div><div>The effect of the stochastic friction parameter or stochastic forcing on the model predictions was analyzed. Under certain conditions, the stochastic forcing considerably shrinks the region of stability as the system is perturbed from a metastable state. The stochastic forcing is also found to accelerate the transition to chaos. For cases that do not escape to the chaotic attractor, the reaction of the system to the stochastic parameter depends on the response time of the attractor and its limiting behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127052"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and thermal performance evaluation of airfoil struts body centered cubic lattice structure","authors":"Keuntae Park ,&nbsp;Sangwoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lattice structure is recognized for its superior heat transfer rates compared to conventional fin structures, but it is often accompanied by a proportionally large pressure drop. To minimize pressure drop, this study proposed a modeling strategy for the airfoil struts body centered cubic (BCC) lattice structure, followed by an evaluation of its thermal-hydraulic performance through numerical analysis. The airfoil struts BCC lattice structure demonstrated a notable reduction in pressure drop, ranging approximately from 42 % to 70 %, compared to the circular struts BCC lattice structure. This led to an enhancement in the efficiency index of up to 23 % at the given Reynolds number. The adoption of a staggered arrangement of unit cells in the airfoil struts BCC lattice structure provided an improvement in terms of the efficiency index. Altering the cell aspect ratio while keeping the volume of the unit cell constant led to a slight decrease in the efficiency index. Conversely, reducing the volume of the unit cell while keeping the cell aspect ratio resulted in an improvement in the efficiency index. The efficiency index increased when the relative density was up to 23 %, after which it began to decrease with a further increase in relative density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of ultra-rapid cooling characteristics of droplets on a cryogenic substrate","authors":"Wenxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yonghua Huang ,&nbsp;Zheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid surface cryopreservation method has emerged as a pivotal technology for long-term storage of biomaterials, effectively addressing challenges such as the Leidenfrost phenomenon. However, the intricate thermodynamic and non-isothermal crystallization mechanisms of ultra-rapid cooling droplets remain inadequately addressed, as well as the combined influence of the droplet geometry and cryogenic substrate conditions. This study aims to reveal the characteristics of droplets undergoing ultra-rapid cooling on cryogenic surfaces and particularly emphasize the influence of droplet shape on substrates. A thermodynamic model coupled with non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was developed with temperature-dependent physical properties and actual measured droplet geometries. For cryopreservation agents comprising 2.5 mol/L ethylene glycol and 2.5 mol/L propylene glycol, an experimental system was established to obtain the ultra-rapid cooling rate of the droplet, validating the accuracy of simulations. It was found that smaller static contact angles and droplet volumes contributed to enhancing the cooling rates and reducing the maximum crystallinity. And their relationships were described by mathematical equations. Additionally, ultra-rapid cooling resulted in nonlinear crystallization patterns along the vertical direction of the droplets. Furthermore, predictive equations were proposed to estimate the average cooling rates and crystallinity as functions of static contact angles and droplet volumes, eliminating the necessity of individually modeling and calculating each condition. The present functions can serve as tools for evaluating and screening hydrophilic solid substrates and cryopreservation agents for the solid surface cryopreservation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal parameter optimization of K435 turbine blades manufactured by investment casting based on physical field analysis and microstructure prediction","authors":"Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Pan ,&nbsp;Ruirun Chen ,&nbsp;Chen Xiong ,&nbsp;Jianpeng Tan ,&nbsp;Hao Tian ,&nbsp;Qiuju Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanlai Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Wang ,&nbsp;Yalong Gao ,&nbsp;Jingjie Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The working environment of turbine blades is usually complex, thereby the quality of the blade is of great significant. The investment casting is used to manufacture the turbine blade. To investigate the optimization of investment casting parameters for K435 turbine rotor blades, systematic numerical simulation and experimental validation were employed in this study. An orthogonal experimental approach was utilized for analyzing the effects of shell preheating temperature, pouring temperature and heat transfer coefficient on the casting process and blade quality. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze temperature field distributions and grain size patterns throughout the blade. The relationship between various boundary conditions and defect formation was investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic predictions. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the heat transfer coefficient exhibited the strongest influence on maximum shrinkage size, followed by shell preheating temperature and pouring temperature. The study identified optimal processing parameters: shell preheating temperature of 1050°C, pouring temperature of 1480°C, and heat transfer coefficient of 1000W/m²·K. Under these conditions, defects primarily occurring in the blade and root sections were significantly reduced in the optimized experiment. To further validate the reliability of the optimized parameters, fluorescent penetrant inspection and microstructure observation were carried out. The proposed 'heat-structure-defect' ternary coupled criterion is a theoretical tool to analyze the reason for defect formation and optimize parameters of the investment casting. The quantization process of sensitivity analysis benefits to reveal the parameter interactions in investment casting processes and design the process more efficiently and economically. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for defect optimization in turbine blade investment casting and contribute to the understanding of parameter interactions in investment casting processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High power transient thermal management with dynamic phase change material and liquid cooling","authors":"Soonwook Kim ,&nbsp;Robert A. Stavins ,&nbsp;Elad Shoham ,&nbsp;Gennady Ziskind ,&nbsp;Nenad Miljkovic ,&nbsp;William P. King","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid cooling systems offer effective thermal management for steady-state heat fluxes. Conventional liquid cooling loops are often oversized to handle peak loads, leading to unused cooling capacity during lower power operating conditions. This challenge is particularly acute in applications with short-duration high-power loads. This study explores the integration of dynamic phase change material (dynPCM) into a liquid-cooled cold plate to enhance cooling performance during pulsed heat loads. DynPCMs maintain high cooling over long duration and has significant advantages over conventional PCMs in terms of energy density and power density. The research leverages double-sided cooling of an electronics package, utilizing the liquid-cooled cold plate on one side of the electronics and dynPCM on the opposite side. Experiments and finite element method (FEM) simulations evaluate the system thermal performance under varying power input, coolant flow rate, inlet temperature, pressure applied to the dynPCM, and PCM properties. DynPCM integration reduces the maximum device temperature by up to 29% and lowers coolant temperature rise by 34%, outperforming cooling using the cold plate alone. FEM simulations predict further performance improvements in operating conditions beyond the measured cases. The dynPCM-assisted cooling method improves system hydraulic efficiency by reducing the required coolant flow rate and pressure drop while maintaining performance comparable to a conventional cold plate, leading to lower power consumption from the coolant pump. The improved cooling and hydraulic efficiency highlight the potential of dynPCM-assisted cooling to reduce system size, weight, and energy use for transient electronics heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 126998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A correlation for onset of significant void (OSV) in forced convective subcooled flow boiling","authors":"Hyeon-won Jeong ,&nbsp;Ohyoung Kim ,&nbsp;W. Jaewoo Shim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research was to propose a new correlation for the onset of significant void (OSV) using a verified database encompassing a broad spectrum of experimental conditions. These conditions included variables such as pressure, inlet subcooling, diameter, length, flow channel, heat flux, and mass flux. The database also accounted for the use of six different coolants (R-113, R-114, R-12, R-22, water, and heavy water) and flow in five distinct heated flow channels (round tube, two types of annular tubes, and two types of rectangular channels). The applicable range of the database is as follows: hydraulic diameter (0.00240–0.0240 m), pressure (1.00–158.00 bar), mass flux (27.50–7500.00 kg/m²s), and heat flux (0.006–8.520 MW/m²). Previous studies have largely focused on acquiring the void fraction distribution, with limited attention given to OSV calculations. To address this gap, we established a database that integrated 206 OSV data points calculated using graphical methods from 402 previously published void fraction distribution datasets. This was further supplemented with 246 verified OSV data points obtained from published literature, resulting in a comprehensive database of 452 OSV data points. Utilizing this database, we developed a new OSV correlation that introduces a novel criterion for flow boiling regions, based on Weber number of 10. This number delineates between a 'surface tension dominated flow region' and an 'inertia dominated flow region.' The new correlation outperformed nine other published correlations in terms of OSV prediction, exhibiting a mean error (ME) of 0.25 % and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 27.56 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 127067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A topology optimization method for managing transient thermal and vibration effects with eigenvalues and steady-state constraints","authors":"Shuya Onodera ,&nbsp;Takayuki Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a topology optimization method for the effective control of transient thermal conduction and vibration responses using eigenvalues and steady-state temperatures. Designing thermally efficient devices with transient responses, such as battery housings, is crucial for maximize operational efficiency. Eigenvalues were used to approximate the response, reducing the computational cost associated with the transient response in the optimization process. The objective functionals were evaluated using the weighted sum method. Maximum temperature constraints were incorporated into the eigenvalue problem by considering the steady-state temperature distribution. This study employed finite element analysis to solve the eigenvalue problems concerning vibration and heat transfer effects and to update the level-set functions. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated by implementing two- and three-dimensional numerical examples, in which the thermal response was improved by maximizing the thermal eigenvalues, and the effects of thermoelasticity on the thermally efficient structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 127083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial effects on thermal conductive properties in PEEK composites","authors":"Siqin Liu ,&nbsp;Yanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Yan ,&nbsp;Wuxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xilun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic composite matrix material renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties and thermal stability, making it highly suitable for high-temperature applications. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) at the micro-scale interfaces between the polymer matrix and fillers in PEEK composites, which significantly impacts heat transfer, has not been extensively explored. In this study, we investigated the interfacial thermal properties of PEEK composites with various filler materials using molecular dynamics simulations and the theoretical model. Our results indicate that PEEK/SiO₂ composites exhibit superior interfacial thermal properties compared to other selected materials, while PEEK/SiC composites display the highest interfacial thermal resistance. Due to the effect of ITR, the introduction of fibers may not always improve the effective thermal conductivity of the composite. The effect of ITR is also related to the filler size and shape. Reducing the size of the filler magnifies the effect of ITR, and there is a critical filler length which could be used to distinguish between the positive and negative thermal effects of introducing fillers. Our research illustrates a multiscale modeling approach to evaluate the ITR effect on the thermal properties of PEEK composite, which could be extended to other composite systems. The findings could benefit the multiscale modeling of composite manufacturing and the micro-structure design of composites with consideration of thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 127037"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid charging effects on thermal performance of sodium heat pipes and new approach for optimal filling","authors":"Dong Hun Lee,&nbsp;In Cheol Bang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of fluid charging on the thermal performance of sodium heat pipes and introduces a novel method for determining the optimal filling ratio. Sodium heat pipes are known as highly efficient heat transfer devices, utilizing phase change to maintain minimal temperature differences over long distances. However, their performance is highly dependent on the amount of working fluid charged. Underfilled heat pipes are susceptible to evaporator dry-out and temperature drops at the condenser caused by fluid depletion, resulting in significant temperature gradients. Conversely, overfilled heat pipes experience liquid pooling in the condenser due to excess liquid, which obstructs vapor flow and leads to temperature drops. These challenges are particularly evident in horizontal configurations and liquid metal heat pipes, where uncertainties in filling conditions persist due to the lack of effective methodologies. These temperature gradients substantially reduce the effective thermal conductivity of heat pipes. To address these issues, this study presents a series of experiments on sodium heat pipes under varying filling conditions. The findings offer practical methods for achieving optimal charging conditions and highlight the critical role of precise fluid charging in enhancing thermal performance and ensuring operational reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 127099"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel banding method for efficient radiation transfer calculation in switching arcs","authors":"S.V. Rohani ,&nbsp;S. Esmaeili ,&nbsp;J.D. Yan ,&nbsp;J. Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Line-by-Line (LBL) method for radiation transfer calculation produces accurate results but is computationally expensive due to the consideration of individual frequency lines across the spectrum. A novel banding method has been proposed in this work to group the frequencies into a limited number of bands with significantly improved accuracy in comparison with existing banding techniques. Banding is determined only by a characteristic temperature of the arc and blackbody emission, making it independent of the absorption spectrum of a gas or gaseous mixture. Results show that for a band number of 237, the new method reduces the computational time by 99.95% while maintaining acceptable accuracy when used in engineering simulations involving switching arcs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the radiative flux divergence from the Discrete Ordinates Method (DOM) where banding is implemented with results from the LBL method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 127058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}