International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study of thermal transport properties in hexagonal boron nitride with different stacking orders","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have extensively explored the phonon heat transport properties of bulk hexagonal boron nitride (<span><math><mi>h</mi></math></span>-BN); however, the influence of stacking order on its thermal conductivity (<span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span>) has received rare attention. In this work, we employ first-principles calculations to predict the thermal conductivity of <span><math><mi>h</mi></math></span>-BN with wurtize (<span><math><mi>w</mi></math></span>), AB, and ABC stacking. Our calculations show that <span><math><mi>w</mi></math></span>-BN possesses the highest thermal conductivity, with in-plane and out-of-plane values of 611 W/mK and 521 W/mK at room temperature (RT), respectively. In contrast, AB and ABC stacking exhibit comparable thermal conductivities, with RT in-plane (out-of-plane) values of 338 (5.8) and 357 (7.2) W/mK, respectively. Notably, four-phonon scattering is found to reduce the <span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span> of ABC and AB stacking by 9% and 13% at RT, while exerting non-negligible suppression on the <span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span> of <span><math><mi>w</mi></math></span>-BN only at high temperature. Through detailed mode-level analysis, we uncover that the lower thermal conductivity of AB and ABC stacking, compared to w-BN, stems from their stronger phonon anharmonicity, driven by weak interlayer van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, the calculated modal <span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span> reveals that the stacking sequence has opposite effects on the out-of-plane flexural acoustic phonons and other modes, and their competing effect noticeably weakens the difference in <span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span> between AB and ABC stacking phases. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the phonon thermal transport properties of bulk <span><math><mi>h</mi></math></span>-BN with different stacking orders and elucidates the roles of stacking order and higher-order anharmonicity in determining the thermal conductivity of van der Waals layered materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquids confined in carbon nanotubes: multiphase evolution driven by electron beam and temperature variations","authors":"Ryota Saito ,&nbsp;Qin-Yi Li ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Ikuta ,&nbsp;Dawei Li ,&nbsp;Koji Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquids, composed solely of cations and anions with high thermal stability, have attracted significant attention for various applications. In advanced energy and nanotechnology applications such as supercapacitors, ionic thermoelectric conversion systems, and nanolubrication technologies, ionic liquids are often confined within nanoscale spaces and exposed to external stimuli, including electrical and thermal inputs. While molecular dynamics simulations have predicted unique properties and phase transitions of ionic liquids under nanoconfinement, direct experimental observation of their multiphase evolution under external stimuli remains limited. In this study, we used a nano-manipulator to fill 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF₆]) into individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes and employed in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the evolution of complex multiphase structures under electron beam irradiation and temperature changes. Under intense electron beam irradiation, we observed the slow growth of irregularly shaped nanobubbles (∼20 nm in size) caused by electrolysis reactions, as well as liquid film thinning with increasing irradiation time. In contrast, heating alone caused only slight structural changes below approximately 400°C, indicating that the thermal decomposition is effectively suppressed at temperatures below 400°C due to the nanoconfinement effect. Above this temperature, we observed both abrupt and gradual transformations in nanobubble size and liquid film thickness, with the liquid film between the nanobubbles and carbon walls thinning to as little as 1.5 nm, forming an ultra-thin layer of soft matter adhering to the solid surface. The multiphase structures exhibited little change upon cooling from 1100°C to room temperature, indicating that thermal decomposition dominates over evaporation at high temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127111"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing slippery rough surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation of low surface tension fluid","authors":"Deepak Monga ,&nbsp;Pavan Sai Dosawada ,&nbsp;Dylan Boylan ,&nbsp;Kuwin Wyke ,&nbsp;Pengtao Wang ,&nbsp;Xianming Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing low surface tension liquid condensation is critical for achieving high energy efficiency and reducing the size of thermal energy systems. Extensive research has focused on promoting dropwise condensation of these liquids using state-of-the-art coatings on plain surfaces. However, maintaining dropwise condensation with low surface tension fluids is challenging due to rivulet formation, resulting in wetted tails that transition to filmwise condensation at elevated heat fluxes. To address this issue, we uncover the role of surface structures and surface chemistry in the dropwise condensation of low surface tension ethanol on slippery rough surfaces (SRS). High-performance dropwise condensation has been achieved on slippery microchannels grafted with perfluoropolyether. The SRS uniquely facilitates rapid lateral droplet removal, enabling faster directional droplet shedding without rivulet formation. The resulting higher droplet removal frequency on SRS leads to heat transfer coefficients 100 % and 500 % higher than conventional dropwise and filmwise condensation on plain surfaces, respectively. Our findings uncover the pivotal role of rapid droplet removal through slippery microchannels in sustaining dropwise condensation of low surface tension liquids. This study introduces a new paradigm for promoting dropwise condensation using engineered SRS that incorporates surface structure and surface chemistry. The work will provide fundamental design guidelines to design efficient and compact condensers that use costly or flammable low global warming potential refrigerants in future refrigeration systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of influence of lateral bubble merger on bubble dynamics and heat transfer during nucleate pool boiling on a horizontal substrate under a constant imposed heat flux","authors":"Atindra Krishnan,&nbsp;Vijay K. Dhir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed for nucleate pool boiling, with coupled transient conduction in the solid substrate, to study the effect of lateral merger of bubbles from two adjacent cavity sites on bubble dynamics and heat transfer, at boiling inception. Level set method is used to track the liquid-vapor interface, and finite-difference schemes are used to discretize the governing equations. The waiting time is determined as the time taken for the cavity site temperature to recover to the nucleation temperature after bubble departure. The present study is done for pool boiling of saturated water at atmospheric pressure on a 7 mm x 7 mm portion of a 1 mm thick horizontal stainless-steel substrate having two identical cavity sites. The spacing between the two cavity sites is parametrically varied. A uniform, time-invariant heat flux is imposed at the bottom of the substrate. The solution of the coupled transient conduction in the solid substrate shows that lateral bubble merger results in a significant variation in the waiting time and in turn the bubble departure frequency with cavity spacing. The vapor production rate and heat transfer coefficient, both averaged over one bubble cycle, for cases in which the two bubbles merge laterally are smaller than those in which the bubbles do not merge. The average heat transfer coefficient over one bubble cycle for the largest cavity spacing is 15 % higher than that for the smallest cavity spacing investigated in this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127063"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical-thermal modeling of phase change material battery thermal management systems: investigating mesh types for accurate simulations","authors":"Elnaz Yousefi ,&nbsp;Devarajan Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Kumaran Kadirgama ,&nbsp;Virendra Talele ,&nbsp;Hiwa Najafi ,&nbsp;Mostafa Olyaei ,&nbsp;Nenad Miljkovic ,&nbsp;Satyam Panchal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational techniques have been extensively used in the analysis of heat transfer within battery thermal management systems (BTMS). A fundamental and critical initial step in any numerical analysis is the meshing process, which involves subdividing the geometry into numerous small control volumes, or elements. Here, we investigated the accuracy of the simulated thermal performance of a BTMS using phase change material (PCM) with three different mesh types having: hexahedral, tetrahedral, and polyhedral elements. A detailed electrochemical-thermal model is used for modeling heat generation within a lithium-ion battery. In this model, a pseudo two-dimensional model captures the internal dynamics of the battery and then is integrated with a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model. Furthermore, the enthalpy-porosity method is employed for PCM simulation using computational fluid dynamics. Among the three mesh types, the hexahedral mesh demonstrated the closest agreement with experimental data, yielding smooth temperature gradients and PCM liquid fraction contours in post-processing. The polyhedral mesh, while slightly less accurate than the hexahedral mesh, provided a computational advantage, requiring only about a fifth of the elements compared to the hexahedral mesh and a quarter compared to the tetrahedral mesh. This computational efficiency makes the polyhedral mesh the most economical in terms of computational resources. However, tetrahedral mesh, though better suited for complex geometries, exhibited the highest computational cost and produced the least accurate results, making it less favorable for PCM-based BTMS simulations. To further improve the trade-off between computational cost and accuracy, a hybrid mesh configuration is introduced, combining polyhedral and hexahedral elements to enhance simulation efficiency while preserving accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative approach for determining interfacial tension at the low values","authors":"Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski,&nbsp;Andrzej Gajewski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooling the electronic processors or extracting the shale fuels requires the low surface tension substances. Non-traditional approach to modelling the surface tension phenomena applies the closed-form expressions for the drop or bubble shapes, which oversimplifies determining the interfacial tension; this determination is done when the investigated interface is at rest, which satisfies the model assumptions. Isobutanol was chosen for validating the new method at the low interfacial tensions, which was done at the range of 0.3–98.2 °C; the results overlap with the Grabar &amp; Nikitine (1936) outcomes; the regression curve was modelled between the freezing and boiling points of water. The closed-form expression for drop volume is derived from the non-traditional approach. Temperature rise decreases the drop volume; the greater surface tension increases this volume.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic perturbation and stability analysis of a reduced order model of natural circulation loops","authors":"John Matulis ,&nbsp;Suneet Singh ,&nbsp;Hitesh Bindra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural circulation is commonly accounted for and designed into thermal fluid systems such as nuclear reactors and concentrated solar thermal plants as part of safety systems and normal operation. This work presents the development of a Fourier-based model of single-phase natural circulation loops with application-relevant boundary conditions to study their performance, stability, and response to geometry-induced turbulence fluctuations. This results in a reduced order model consisting of eight ordinary differential equations that reproduces the phenomena observed in experiments and numerical simulations. This model enables a robust study of the stability and dynamics of the system. The model results compare well against past experiments for steady-state conditions and instability predictions. Supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations are obtained, and a chaotic attractor is observed in line with previous predictions and studies. The effect of transient fluctuations arising from complex geometry in the system is modeled using a data-driven statistical emulator with the help of a modified minor loss coefficient or form friction parameter.</div><div>The effect of the stochastic friction parameter or stochastic forcing on the model predictions was analyzed. Under certain conditions, the stochastic forcing considerably shrinks the region of stability as the system is perturbed from a metastable state. The stochastic forcing is also found to accelerate the transition to chaos. For cases that do not escape to the chaotic attractor, the reaction of the system to the stochastic parameter depends on the response time of the attractor and its limiting behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127052"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and thermal performance evaluation of airfoil struts body centered cubic lattice structure","authors":"Keuntae Park ,&nbsp;Sangwoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lattice structure is recognized for its superior heat transfer rates compared to conventional fin structures, but it is often accompanied by a proportionally large pressure drop. To minimize pressure drop, this study proposed a modeling strategy for the airfoil struts body centered cubic (BCC) lattice structure, followed by an evaluation of its thermal-hydraulic performance through numerical analysis. The airfoil struts BCC lattice structure demonstrated a notable reduction in pressure drop, ranging approximately from 42 % to 70 %, compared to the circular struts BCC lattice structure. This led to an enhancement in the efficiency index of up to 23 % at the given Reynolds number. The adoption of a staggered arrangement of unit cells in the airfoil struts BCC lattice structure provided an improvement in terms of the efficiency index. Altering the cell aspect ratio while keeping the volume of the unit cell constant led to a slight decrease in the efficiency index. Conversely, reducing the volume of the unit cell while keeping the cell aspect ratio resulted in an improvement in the efficiency index. The efficiency index increased when the relative density was up to 23 %, after which it began to decrease with a further increase in relative density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of ultra-rapid cooling characteristics of droplets on a cryogenic substrate","authors":"Wenxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yonghua Huang ,&nbsp;Zheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid surface cryopreservation method has emerged as a pivotal technology for long-term storage of biomaterials, effectively addressing challenges such as the Leidenfrost phenomenon. However, the intricate thermodynamic and non-isothermal crystallization mechanisms of ultra-rapid cooling droplets remain inadequately addressed, as well as the combined influence of the droplet geometry and cryogenic substrate conditions. This study aims to reveal the characteristics of droplets undergoing ultra-rapid cooling on cryogenic surfaces and particularly emphasize the influence of droplet shape on substrates. A thermodynamic model coupled with non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was developed with temperature-dependent physical properties and actual measured droplet geometries. For cryopreservation agents comprising 2.5 mol/L ethylene glycol and 2.5 mol/L propylene glycol, an experimental system was established to obtain the ultra-rapid cooling rate of the droplet, validating the accuracy of simulations. It was found that smaller static contact angles and droplet volumes contributed to enhancing the cooling rates and reducing the maximum crystallinity. And their relationships were described by mathematical equations. Additionally, ultra-rapid cooling resulted in nonlinear crystallization patterns along the vertical direction of the droplets. Furthermore, predictive equations were proposed to estimate the average cooling rates and crystallinity as functions of static contact angles and droplet volumes, eliminating the necessity of individually modeling and calculating each condition. The present functions can serve as tools for evaluating and screening hydrophilic solid substrates and cryopreservation agents for the solid surface cryopreservation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 127101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal parameter optimization of K435 turbine blades manufactured by investment casting based on physical field analysis and microstructure prediction","authors":"Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Pan ,&nbsp;Ruirun Chen ,&nbsp;Chen Xiong ,&nbsp;Jianpeng Tan ,&nbsp;Hao Tian ,&nbsp;Qiuju Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanlai Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Wang ,&nbsp;Yalong Gao ,&nbsp;Jingjie Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The working environment of turbine blades is usually complex, thereby the quality of the blade is of great significant. The investment casting is used to manufacture the turbine blade. To investigate the optimization of investment casting parameters for K435 turbine rotor blades, systematic numerical simulation and experimental validation were employed in this study. An orthogonal experimental approach was utilized for analyzing the effects of shell preheating temperature, pouring temperature and heat transfer coefficient on the casting process and blade quality. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze temperature field distributions and grain size patterns throughout the blade. The relationship between various boundary conditions and defect formation was investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic predictions. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the heat transfer coefficient exhibited the strongest influence on maximum shrinkage size, followed by shell preheating temperature and pouring temperature. The study identified optimal processing parameters: shell preheating temperature of 1050°C, pouring temperature of 1480°C, and heat transfer coefficient of 1000W/m²·K. Under these conditions, defects primarily occurring in the blade and root sections were significantly reduced in the optimized experiment. To further validate the reliability of the optimized parameters, fluorescent penetrant inspection and microstructure observation were carried out. The proposed 'heat-structure-defect' ternary coupled criterion is a theoretical tool to analyze the reason for defect formation and optimize parameters of the investment casting. The quantization process of sensitivity analysis benefits to reveal the parameter interactions in investment casting processes and design the process more efficiently and economically. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for defect optimization in turbine blade investment casting and contribute to the understanding of parameter interactions in investment casting processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"246 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}