International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Flow boiling heat transfer characteristic of NH3/LiNO3+H2O absorption refrigeration working fluid in horizontal tubes: A comprehensive experimental evaluation and comparison","authors":"Sai Zhou ,&nbsp;Guogeng He ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Mingjing Fan ,&nbsp;Dechang Wang ,&nbsp;Qinglu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on working fluids of refrigerant/absorbent mixture is important for the development of the absorption refrigeration technology. The ternary NH₃/LiNO₃+H₂O working fluid has advantages including good cycle performance, simple system composition and superior heat-transfer performance compared with other binary ammonia-based solutions. In this paper, an experimental investigation is conducted on the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of the NH₃/LiNO₃+H₂O mixture in horizontal tubes. The effects of heat flux (from 4.6 to 78.5 kW/m²), vapor quality (from 0.044 to 0.133), mass flux (from 164.1 to 389.5 kg/(m²∙s)), and tube diameter (6, 8, 10 mm) are analyzed, and the experimental results are compared with semi-empirical correlations. Besides, this paper provides a comprehensive comparison of the flow boiling heat and mass transfer characteristics of ammonia-based working fluids: NH₃/LiNO₃, NH₃/NaSCN, NH₃/LiNO₃+H₂O with various H₂O mass concentration of 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %. Experimental results show that heat flux has a positive impact on the intensity of flow boiling heat transfer at relatively low heat fluxes, but the positive correlation becomes less noticeable at the high heat flux range above 50 kW/m² resulting from the concentration boundary layer in the boiling process of highly non-azeotropic mixtures. The flow boiling heat transfer coefficient shows a positive correlation with both the mean vapor quality and the mass flux, reduces with the decrease of tube diameters. The comparison results show that the mean flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of NH₃/NaSCN working fluid is 157.3 % larger than that of NH₃/LiNO₃, and as the various H₂O mass concentration increases, that of four NH₃/LiNO₃+H₂O working fluids are 18.1 %, 67.0 %, 84.5 %, and 149.3 % larger than that of NH₃/LiNO₃, respectively. The present work provides references for the application of ammonia working fluids, and for the design and optimization of finned-tube or tube-in-tube generator in absorption refrigeration systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 127018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating radiation heat transfer from the cone calorimeter heater: A new view factor model and uncertainty quantification","authors":"Pablo E. Pinto,&nbsp;Jorge Valdivia,&nbsp;Abhinandan Singh,&nbsp;Xiuqi Xi,&nbsp;Juan Cuevas,&nbsp;James L. Urban","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work seeks to better characterize the radiant heat transfer to a sample in the cone calorimeter, a widely used fire testing apparatus. Specifically, the spatial uniformity of the heat flux from the cone heater to a sample and to a heat flux sensor are investigated with analytical view factor models based on the idealized geometry of cone heater element (tapered helical coil) and experimental measurements. The view factors are calculated using the contours of the relevant geometries and applying Stokes’ theorem, with the contour integrals evaluated numerically. An uncertainty analysis is performed on the theoretical incident heat flux to evaluate the reliability of the model by comparing predicted and experimental values. The incident heat flux to the sample surface is measured using a water-cooled radiometer, while the temperature spatial variation of the cone heater surface is determined through color-ratio pyrometry thermograms with a digital camera. The measurements are used to showcase the proposed formulation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the cone calorimeter heater view factor model, offering valuable insights for researchers and engineers seeking improved accuracy in fire safety assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Decomposition of Hydrate-bearing Layer by Full Implicit Simulator of Hydrate","authors":"Bo Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Na Wei ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Qiu-Nan Lv ,&nbsp;Xiao-Sen Li ,&nbsp;Qing-Cui Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gas-liquid production behaviors of hydrate-bearing layers involve the coupling of thermal-hydraulic-chemical (THC) multi-physical fields. The behaviors of methane hydrate dissociation in porous sands by pure depressurization and thermal-assisted depressurization methods via a single vertical well are investigated in a cuboid high-pressure reactor (CPR). Numerical models are developed to quantify the physical and chemical processes of fluid flow in porous media. The simulation results suggest that key indicators, including the gas and water production profiles, the spatial distributions of pressure, temperature, and phase saturations, and component mass, all agree well with the experimental data. It also clarifies the evolution of the dissociation front of methane hydrate in porous sands under the synergy effect of depressurization and electrical heating, and visualizes the complex hydrate dissociation mechanisms that are technically difficult to be measured in the experiment. In the earlier (0-160 min in Reference Case) and later (160-280 min) stages of hydrate dissociation, the kinetics and heat transfer are the dominant factors, respectively. The key finding is that the laboratory trials of pressure-induced and thermal-assisted methane hydrate reactions can be reproduced faithfully by numerical models with a group of unaltered parameters. By minimizing the deviations between numerical simulations and experimental data (less than 10 %), this study gives some deep insight into the determination of key parameters in the coupled THC system affecting hydrate dissociation, including the thermal conductivity of quartz sands <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span> = 2.4 W/m/K, the absolute permeability <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span> = 21.1 D, and the adjustment factor <span><math><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></math></span> = 0.03 in the kinetic model of methane hydrate dissociation. It is noteworthy that the mathematical models and the above parameters apply to both of the two simulated cases of methane hydrate dissociation under depressurization and thermal stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 127001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer and topological characterisation of TPMS structures using 3D printed materials","authors":"Benjamin Reynolds ,&nbsp;Frédéric Lecarpentier ,&nbsp;Daniel Holland","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we conduct a quantitative assessment of the print quality and heat transfer performance of micro-structured heat exchangers created using additive manufacturing using different 3D printed materials. Starting with a single base file for printing, five cubes filled with channels derived from a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) were 3D printed. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to measure the topological parameters defining the TPMS structures, specifically the porosity and hydraulic diameter. The porosity and hydraulic diameter of the sintered alumina structure showed differences of approximately 7 % and 10 % respectively compared with the file they were originally constructed from; the aluminium and nylon materials showed similar deviations, while the resin and green alumina demonstrated deviations approximately halved in magnitude. Experimental measurements of the film heat transfer coefficients were performed over the range 400&lt;<em>Re</em>&lt;2500 on the sintered alumina, aluminium, and resin structures, covering a wide range of thermal conductivities. All materials were found to produce results on the same Reynolds versus Nusselt number curves when the topological parameters were measured accurately using μCT. However, if the Nusselt numbers were calculated using the as-designed topological parameters, and not the μCT parameters, differences of up to 20 % were observed, significantly altering the agreement between the tested materials. These results give confidence in the air-side film heat transfer coefficients measured. They also demonstrate the viability of using simple and low-cost resin printed parts to develop heat transfer correlations within the region tested, provided the structure of the 3D printed part is known precisely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submerged jet's profile-specific heat transfer: Stagnation zone and beyond","authors":"Barak Kashi,&nbsp;Herman D. Haustein","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A general analytical description for the heat transfer distribution (HTD) under an impinging submerged jet is derived, from the jet velocity profile arriving at the wall. First, the cause-and-effect chain is broken down: i) the streamline-bending projection of the arriving profile's dynamic pressure gives the wall pressure distribution; ii) the pressure gradient drives the radial acceleration; iii) the acceleration unlocks the entire flow field: boundary layer, wall-shear and vorticity distributions; iv) ultimately also the HTD is recovered from similarity; iv) this extends up to deceleration, approaching the known wall-jet solution.</div><div>This new theory is validated against simulations and experiments over a wide range of conditions: from uniform to fully developed issuing profiles, over a range of flights. Thus, confirming that the arriving profile contains everything needed for the subsequent wall-flow description, and demonstrating that the HTD diversity corresponds to that of the arrival profiles. This permits the prediction of the HTD in a universal way, from stagnation point to wall-jet. Specifically, relating the well-known off-center peak (boundary layer thinning) to an incoming profile shape with strong velocity gradients, as encountered in profiles with a potential core. Two different pathways for the generation of this off-center peak are studied and compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics informed neural networks for solving inverse thermal wave coupled boundary-value problems","authors":"Hong Tang ,&nbsp;Alexander Melnikov ,&nbsp;MingRui Liu ,&nbsp;Stefano Sfarra ,&nbsp;Hai Zhang ,&nbsp;Andreas Mandelis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the essential parameters in thermophysical analysis, effective measurement of thermal diffusivity is necessary. This paper utilizes the Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) framework to simulate the diffusion of thermal waves. The governing equations / boundary-value problem (BVP) for the thermal waves are expressed in a coupled partial differential form, derived using the method of separation of variables. The inverse problem associated with the coupled partial differential equations is solved using a dimensionless equation / BVP with a loss function that incorporates physical information. Even in the presence of experimental system errors, the neural network (NN) method introduced in this work (“new NN method”) was shown to be capable of robustly solving the thermal wave inverse problem without nonlinear DC components at different spatial locations, for determining the unknown thermal diffusivity of green (unsintered) metal powder compact materials. The results indicate that the coupled partial differential equations for the amplitude and phase of thermal waves within the PINN framework represent a promising strategy for determining thermophysical parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vapor density gradients near the sublimating interface of a carbon dioxide sphere","authors":"A.S. Purandare,&nbsp;G. Wennemars,&nbsp;S. Vanapalli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the sublimation characteristics of dry ice particles exposed to convective heating in an unsaturated gaseous medium holds significance for applications employing cooling through dry ice sprays. While the transport phenomena between dry ice and its surrounding gas medium are central to various applications, a comprehensive understanding of these processes during dry ice sublimation remains incomplete. As a model problem, this study experimentally and numerically examines the sublimation of an isolated dry ice sphere within a controlled gas flow environment. Schlieren imaging is utilized in experiments to visualize density gradients at the dry ice–vapor interface for different <span><math><mi>CO</mi></math></span> ₂ concentrations in the surrounding gas. An additional set of experiments involving backlight imaging is conducted to observe dry ice morphology and track its boundary over time. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software are performed to simulate the shrinkage of the sublimating dry ice sphere, accounting for heat, mass, and momentum transport in the gas mixture surrounding the dry ice. The numerical predictions of the density gradient near the sublimating dry ice interface exhibit qualitative agreement with the variations in light intensity observed in Schlieren images, thus confirming the predictive capabilities of the numerical model in this context. Furthermore, the numerical prediction of the temporal variation in dry ice mass closely aligns with experimental observations up to a certain duration, until the onset of frost formation on the dry ice surface, causing distortion in its morphology as evident in the images obtained during the experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126962"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singular ratchet-valley structure inducing droplet directional transport crossing all boiling states","authors":"Yuhang Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Ji ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Zhaochang Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Yunlong Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Droplet directional transport on a heated surface is important for thermal management technologies. Current research is well on the droplet manipulation in the Leidenfrost state, but has yet to achieve droplet directional transport below the Leidenfrost temperature, especially nucleate boiling. We demonstrate that the proposed singular ratchet-valley structure (SRVs) exhibits the ability to transport droplets crossing all boiling states including nucleate, transition and film boiling. It is worth noting that the introduced deep-narrow valley on the traditional ratchet array is the key to realize the directional self-transport of boiling droplets. The array wall of the designed valley causes nucleate-boiling droplets to generate evaporative momentum along the ratchet direction, and it also blocks the sub-droplets that are splashing to the wall direction in the transition and spraying-film boiling, forcing the droplets to move along the ratchet direction. In certain scenarios, the SRVs surfaces can achieve droplet's anti-gravity transport, trajectory manipulation, fixed-point heat dissipation, and high-temperature self-cleaning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 127005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity for isotropic and anisotropic materials using full-field data","authors":"Jendrik-Alexander Tröger,&nbsp;Wojciech Kulozik,&nbsp;Stefan Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identified thermal material parameters are essential for reliable thermo-mechanical or purely thermal numerical simulations. For isotropic materials, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity can be determined using established methods such as differential scanning calorimetry and laser-flash analysis. However, applying these methods to anisotropic materials requires significant effort in specimen preparation and may lead to questionable results. The advent of full-field measurement methods has significantly increased the availability of experimental data for model calibration. In this work, we utilize full-field temperature data from infrared thermography to calibrate the specific heat capacity and the thermal conductivity tensor of anisotropic composite material. The experimental data stems from a simple experimental setup comprising two heat plates. First, a suitable identification procedure is developed for isotropic material. Then, the proposed two-step calibration scheme is transferred to anisotropic composite material. The model calibration is performed using nonlinear least-squares and finite element simulations. Derivatives for the gradient-based optimization are computed via internal numerical differentiation rather than commonly applied difference quotients. Subsequently, validation is conducted using the first-order second-moment method taking into account various uncertain parameters. We demonstrate that the calibration of the specific heat capacity and the thermal conductivity tensor is feasible using full-field temperature data for isotropic and anisotropic materials. The identified parameters agree reasonably with reference values and show excellent agreement with validation experiments. Additionally, while internal numerical differentiation necessitates modifications to the finite element code, it offers significant rewards by substantially reducing the time required to compute gradients during optimization and uncertainty quantification with the first-order second-moment method. Especially the latter can be seamlessly integrated into the general finite element solution procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytic linear relation between the imposed heat flux and the pipe-end temperature for flat heat pipes with porous wicks","authors":"Salar Saadatian,&nbsp;Harris Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flat heat pipes have been extensively used in thermal management of microelectronic devices. However, their heat-transfer mechanism has not been analyzed rigorously. A flat heat pipe can be separated into three sections: evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser. Heat is supplied to the evaporator and removed from the condenser. We consider a horizontal flat heat pipe with an idealized porous wick on either one or both walls. The pores in the wick are straight circular capillaries running along and across the wick and are filled with a partially-wetting liquid. The rest of the pipe is filled with its vapor. We assume that the heat transfer is one-dimensional, and the pore size is extremely small compared with the pipe length. Therefore, the pore-level phenomena can be studied separately from those at the pipe level. The analytic solution for the mass evaporative rate in a single pore is incorporated into the mass, momentum, and energy balances along the pipe. We take the evaporator to have the same length as the condenser which leads to skew-symmetric solutions. Hence, we only need to focus on the heated half of the pipe, and solve the steady-state problem with a specified heat flux <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> at the evaporator. We find for the first time an analytic linear relation between <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>Δ</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> is the temperature difference between the two ends of the pipe. This analytic relation is validated by comparing with four published experiments. The analytic relation shows that to optimize the performance, a flat heat pipe should be designed with maximum wick porosity, liquid thermal conductivity, and number of evaporative pores, and minimum wick permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 126950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}