International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Development of coarse-grained model for anisotropic lithium transport in polycrystalline active material in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Ren Matsukawa,&nbsp;Masashi Kishimoto,&nbsp;Yuting Guo,&nbsp;Hiroshi Iwai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The macroscopic lithium transport behavior in lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes is significantly influenced by the anisotropy of lithium diffusion and the polycrystalline structure of active materials. However, electrode-scale numerical simulations that simultaneously account for both effects remain scarce due to the large disparity in length scales between primary particles and the electrode thickness. In this study, a coarse-grained model is developed to estimate the apparent lithium transport properties in polycrystalline active materials with various anisotropy strengths and primary particle sizes. Two-dimensional steady-state lithium transport simulations are performed on a wide range of virtual polycrystalline structures, and the correlation between microscopic flux distribution and primary particle configuration is discussed. The results show that stronger anisotropy suppresses lithium transport in the stacking direction of primary particles, leading to a reduction in macroscopic flux. Larger particle sizes and higher anisotropy strengths increase the complexity of lithium transport pathways and cause greater variation in transport characteristics across structures. A strong correlation is found between lithium flux and the stacking direction, underscoring the importance of microstructural orientation. Based on the simulation results, a dimensionless anisotropy factor is introduced to quantify the apparent transport properties. This factor reflects both the intrinsic anisotropy of lithium diffusion and the randomness in primary particle configuration. Its statistical distribution is modeled as a function of anisotropy strength and primary particle size in a probabilistic manner instead of a deterministic manner. The resulting coarse-grained model provides a computationally efficient and physically grounded framework for representing anisotropic lithium transport in polycrystalline structures. This makes the model suitable as a component model in large-scale LIB simulations to analyze the behavior of LIBs across multiple length scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127824"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer coefficients for fully developed internal flows with variable properties and dissipative heating","authors":"Thomas Drezet,&nbsp;Peter Ireland,&nbsp;Luca di Mare","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, numerical simulations of fully developed internal flows are used to disentangle the effects of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary conditions, as well as viscous heating and property variation. Each factor affecting heat transfer is introduced independently to elementary flow simulations, such that 1D analyses may be used to characterise its effects.</div><div>Conventional adiabatic wall temperature correlations for accounting for dissipative heating were found to lose their effectiveness when dissipation makes up more than 10% of total heat flux. A more robust method is proposed whereby heat transfer is defined by separate dissipative and convective Stanton numbers. Property variation was found to be well characterised by modified film referencing, with a new formulation proposed which outperforms the classical form. Property variation could also be accounted for by power-laws on temperature ratio, but the results suggest that the exponents are not universal. It was also found that such corrections apply equally to heated and cooled flows when confounding factors are effectively controlled.</div><div>Friction and heat transfer results are then generated for more complex flows over a range of temperature gradients, with realistic constitutive relations such that all phenomena occur simultaneously. Without appropriate correction, the results appear highly scattered for both low (due to dissipation) and high (due to property gradients) temperature ratio heat transfer. The methods developed successfully condense these results onto a single unequivocal <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>-<span><math><mi>f</mi></math></span>-<span><math><mi>St</mi></math></span> characteristic. The isolation of this characteristic from these secondary factors is invaluable for making valid comparisons between variable-property CFD results and experiments.</div><div>This investigation focuses on air at moderate temperatures, however the findings may be expected to take on greater significance in high Mach, high Prandtl number, or cryogenic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of surfactants on flow boiling heat transfer and bubble dynamic: an experimental study","authors":"Song Ni ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Li ,&nbsp;Dongxu Ji ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiyun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with pure water, aqueous surfactant solutions of have more outstanding boiling heat transfer performance. However, most of the relevant studies in the literature are limited to saturated pool boiling, while the research on subcooled flow boiling is very scarce. In this study, we experimentally investigated the influence of adding surfactants on the heat transfer performance and bubble dynamics of flow boiling. Under the dual effects of inhibition of bubble coalescence by surfactant and subcooled condensation, it exhibits a special periodic bubble cluster behavior on the wall. The aqueous solution of the surfactant shows a higher boiling heat transfer coefficient than pure water, with the maximum increase reaching 45 %. A new empirical correlation has been developed to quantitatively express the increase in the heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the research also found that when the subcooling degree is low, the surfactants will reduce the flow boiling critical heat flux. However, as the subcooling degree increases, this reducing effect will gradually weaken and even reverse into a promoting effect. The results of this study indicate that the aqueous surfactant solutions could be a potentially beneficial alternative to water for better flow boiling heat transfer performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of the effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of low concentration salt solution fluid","authors":"Xiaowen Jin,&nbsp;Xin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of nanoparticles on the heat transfer mechanism of the fluid is still unclear. In the present study, a 5 wt.% NaCl solution was modeled and different sizes of spherical SiO₂ nanoparticles were added to the model to analyze the effects of the nanoparticles on the thermophysical properties of the system based on the calculated results, in order to better understand the relevant mechanism. Current research reveals the interfacial interactions and layering phenomena that lead to variations in thermophysical parameters. The higher the peak of the radial distribution function (RDF) of Si-Cl⁻ is, the higher the order of the ionic layer, and the better the energy storage effect of the ionic layer would be. The van der Waals energy of the system reflects the strength of the interionic forces within the system, and its trend is similar to that of specific heat capacity. The narrower the width of the RDF peak is, the thinner the ionic layer, the lower the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR), and the higher the thermal conductivity would be. The addition of SiO₂ nanoparticles inhibits the diffusion of the matrix fluid. Due to the enhanced interactions between ions in the matrix fluid, the viscosity of fluid increases accordingly. The addition of 6 wt.% SiO₂ nanoparticles increases the maximum viscosity by 18.7 %. However, when the system density is sufficiently large, the collision frequency of ions in the system increases, leading to an increase in the mean square displacement. An increase in SiO₂ nanoparticle concentration reduces the average displacement and peak RDF of the system, thereby decreasing the thickness of the ionic layer on the nanoparticle surface. The formation of the ionic layer enhances the ITR between the nanoparticle and fluid. Therefore, when the RDF decreases, the ITR of the system also decreases. When the ITR decreases by 26 %, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid increases by 4.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of flow and heat transfer mechanisms in square cavity array impingement jet configurations under rotating conditions","authors":"Zexuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ruquan You ,&nbsp;Qinqin Wang ,&nbsp;Xuejiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiwang Li ,&nbsp;Wen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed both flow‐visualization experiments and validated numerical simulations to investigate the flow and heat‐transfer mechanisms of square cavity impinging‐jet arrays with dimensionless jet orifice-to-target surface spacings H/D = 1, 2, 3 under rotation. The jet Reynolds number was fixed at 4500, and the jet rotation number was varied from 0 to 0.08. We investigates the flow characteristics within a rotating flow field through qualitative and quantitative analysis of experimental data, complemented by numerical simulations to further reveal the variations in heat transfer on the impingement surface. The results indicate that, in the rotating frame, the deflection direction of the impinging jets is governed jointly by the Coriolis force and self‐induced crossflow; smaller H/D values yield jets that are more strongly influenced by crossflow and less by rotation. Centrifugal buoyancy alters the mass‐flow distribution among the orifices, reducing flow at low‐radius holes and augmenting it at high‐radius holes. Increasing H/D amplifies both jet deflection and the displacement of the stagnation points. The coupling effect between rotational forces and crossflow mitigates or enhances jet deflection at different rotation directions and jet hole locations. This leads to a monotonic decrease in the area-averaged Nusselt number on the target surface for the array jet configuration at negative rotation numbers. Conversely, at positive rotation numbers, Nu exhibits a non-monotonic trend, characterized by an initial increase followed by a decrease. Under our test conditions, rotation reduced the target surface averaged Nusselt number (relative to the static condition) by up to 9.09 %, 21.4 %, and 30.72 % for H/D = 1, 2, and 3, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous pathways to chill: Unravelling the influence of metal foam characteristics on heat transfer dynamics through experimental investigation","authors":"Abdul Qadeer Khoso ,&nbsp;Atiq ur Rehman Fareedi ,&nbsp;Hurmat Khan ,&nbsp;Oronzio Manca ,&nbsp;Bernardo Buonomo ,&nbsp;Sergio Nardini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing miniaturization and rising power densities of electronic devices, robust thermal management strategies are inevitable for ensuring operational stability. In the pursuit of next-generation thermal management solutions for high-density electronics, impinging jet flow (IJF) systems integrated with metal foam (MF) have emerged as a promising technique. This study investigates the interplay between pore density (measured in pores per inch or PPI), foam thickness, and flow dynamics to identify configurations that deliver optimal thermal performance. By analyzing the coupled effects of these parameters, the work aims to enhance convective heat transfer while minimizing adverse pressure losses. The investigation utilizes several key performance metrics: the average Nusselt number (Nu__avg), Colburn j-factor, Performance Enhancement Coefficient (PEC), pumping power (PP), and dimensionless power number (Np), to comprehensively assess proficient heat transfer in conjunction with hydraulic efficiency. Results reveal that lower PPI structures and increased foam thickness significantly enhance heat transfer, as evidenced by elevated Nusselt numbers resulting from intensified flow interaction and turbulence. Conversely, substrate disc plates with lower thermal conductivity exhibit reduced cooling efficiency. An empirical correlation of the form <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>u</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>R</mi><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msup></mrow></math></span> is proposed to capture the underlying heat transfer behavior. The findings offer actionable insights into the design of compact, high-performance cooling solutions tailored for next-generation electronic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127829"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of flow boiling visualization and heat transfer characteristics for low-GWP zeotropic mixture R1234ze(E)/R1336mzz(Z) in transparent annular heat exchangers","authors":"Chunyu Feng,&nbsp;Cong Guo,&nbsp;Junbin Chen,&nbsp;Sicong Tan,&nbsp;Yuyan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the substitution of high-GWP working fluids in high-temperature heat pumps and organic Rankine cycle systems, this study presents an in-depth experimental study of the flow-boiling heat transfer mechanism of R1234ze(E)/R1336mzz(Z). A sapphire-quartz composite annular heat exchanger was implemented to achieve simultaneous visualization of two-phase flow patterns and synchronized measurement of heat transfer parameters. Systematic comparisons were performed between macro- (8 mm) and mini-channel (2 mm) tubes under varying operational conditions, including mass fluxes (100–600 kg/m²·s), vapor qualities (0.1–0.9), and bubble point temperatures (45/55°C). Experimental results revealed distinct flow pattern transitions: macro-channels exhibited bubble, stratified, and annular flows, whereas mini-channels predominantly displayed slug, plug, and annular flows. A dimensionless parameter integrating inertial, gravitational, and surface tension forces was proposed to demarcate flow pattern boundaries. Heat transfer analysis demonstrated significant enhancement in heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) with increasing mass flux and vapor quality, with mini-channels outperforming macro-channels. To address the systematic overprediction of HTCs by existing flow boiling correlations in non-annular flow regimes, a modified Liu-Winterton model incorporating vapor-liquid composition differentials and Bond number effects was developed, reducing the mean absolute deviation to 11.65%. This work provides critical experimental foundations for designing and optimizing heat exchangers using large-temperature-glide zeotropic mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired hybrid tube-metal foam architectures for latent heat storage enhancement","authors":"Muhammad Abdullah Askari ,&nbsp;Raza Gulfam ,&nbsp;Yongping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latent heat storage units (LHSUs) often suffer from slow phase-change dynamics, limiting their applicability. Bionic LHSUs incorporating phase change materials (PCMs), initially inspired by the arterial structure of the human circulatory system, enhance performance by improving heat accessibility through fractal tube optimization; however, phase-change rates remain moderate. To advance this approach, the design is extended to also mimic the capillary network by incorporating metal foams to enhance local conduction paths, followed by a reassessment of gradient configurations and optimization strategies. Different conventional pore parameter distributions are analyzed using the enthalpy-porosity approach and a non-equilibrium energy model for porous media. A 91.8 % performance enhancement, one of the highest for high porosity LHSUs, is achieved with a uniform metal foam-PCM composite, reducing melting time from 3811 s to 314.2 s, with a heat storage rate density of 816 J∙kg^-1∙s^-1. Further analysis shows that traditional convection-based porosity gradients deteriorate the performance, and pore-density gradients impart negligible impact, prompting the development of a novel porosity gradient strategy. Response surface methodology identifies and validates an optimized central porosity gradient, yielding additional gains. Therefore, the metal foam–PCM hybrid bionic LHSU demonstrates unprecedentedly high charging performance, paving the way for commercial applications, while the novel porosity gradient approach offers a foundation for further research and system optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127819"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-fluid-dynamics of the evolution of the lamella thickness of a droplet impacting onto a heated substrate","authors":"Pritam Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Surendran Mikhil,&nbsp;Shamit Bakshi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high speed droplet impact onto a dry substrate at ambient temperature begins as a sudden impulse, and is followed by a smooth inertia-dominated phase and a viscosity-dominated phase. Similarly, droplet impact onto a heated surface begins as a sudden thermal shock at the impacting end of the droplet, followed by a more gradual heat transfer process that is coupled with the evolving flow field and changing shape of the droplet. The present experimental study investigates the impact dynamics of water droplets on heated substrates, focusing on the gradual heat transfer process within the droplet and its effect on the lamella thickness and droplet spreading, as the droplet shape changes during the impact. The Weber numbers used in the study range from 197 to 604 and the surface temperatures from 25 °C to 200 °C. The total heat transfer up to the maximum spreading point is estimated, along with the induced temperature increase in the droplet. It has been observed that the kinematic and inertia-dominated phases of droplet impact remain unaffected by heat transfer. The influence of heat transfer becomes apparent only when the droplet transitions into the viscosity-dominated phase. A Chromatic Confocal Sensor (CCS) is used to measure the transient lamella thickness near the point of impact. The measured thicknesses indicate that when the thermal boundary layer thickness surpasses the lamella thickness, vaporization becomes dominant, leading to rapid thinning of the lamella, leading to break up and dewetting, particularly at high Weber numbers and elevated substrate temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization and experimental validation for a rotating channel with impingement cooling","authors":"Hua Li ,&nbsp;Haiwang Li ,&nbsp;Hongwu Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>State-of-the-art cooling technology is typically employed within turbine blades that endure high heat flux and rapid rotation. However, the forces generated by rotation can alter the flow of fluid and increase the pressure drop inside these blades. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a density-based topology optimization method to suppress the rotation-induced pressure drop. This algorithm is implemented in OpenFOAM and evaluated in a rotating channel with impingement cooling. Both numerical and experimental results reveal that, compared to the initial geometry, the pressure drop of the optimized geometry is reduced by 38.2%. Furthermore, the optimized geometry exhibits reduced sensitivity to rotation. The rotation-induced pressure drop increases by 182% in the initial geometry but only by 22.3% in the optimized geometry when the rotation number is 0.3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 127818"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}