International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Gas transport and bubble-driven ignition in slow Cookoff for a Melt-cast explosive","authors":"Sa You ,&nbsp;Xinjie Wang ,&nbsp;Fenglei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effects of gas transport on heat transfer and ignition characteristics of melt-cast explosives in slow cookoff, this study develops a bubble-driven multiphase flow and ignition model. The multiphase model incorporates mechanisms such as melting, shear thinning, dissolution, pressure accelerated thermal decomposition reactions, and the rise of bubbles. The model provides accurate predictions of temperature and pressure histories of Comp-B in sealed and vented systems, as well as the mixing of the suspension, variations in flowability, and bubble distribution. The results reveal that bubble-driven local flow and the resulting convective heat transfer significantly enhance suspension mixing. Furthermore, by decoupling bubble flow and comparing results in different ullage conditions, the effect of gas products on flow and ignition is investigated. The bubble-induced convective heat transfer plays a dominant role in the thermal transport but not in the ignition delay of vented system. In the vented system, lower pressure in ullage enhances the escape of gas products, weakening pressure-dependent reactions, which in turn delays the ignition. This study could lay a solid foundation for further investigation into bubble dynamics during the slow cookoff process of melt-cast explosives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of atomic layer deposition on cohesive porous particles during fluidization by coupling CFD-DEM with particle surface reactions","authors":"Zuyang Zhang,&nbsp;Daoyin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluidized bed reactor atomic layer deposition (FBR-ALD) is a high-flux ALD for micro and nanoparticle substrates. The coverage uniformity and precursor utilization are critical factors in evaluating the quality and cost-effectiveness of FBR-ALD. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element model (CFD-DEM) is employed to simulate the fluidization-ALD process of porous microparticles in a tiny fluidized bed. The mass gain of particles and evolution of gas species during completed ALD cycles including precursor exposures and inert gas purges are revealed. Effects of particle cohesion and precursor concentration on coating uniformity, particle growth rate, and precursor utilization are investigated. Both fluidization and reaction rate affect coating uniformity, while precursor utilization mainly depends on the precursor concentration during exposures. A decrease in cohesion or precursor concentration leads to improved coating uniformity. It is found that the correlation between precursor concentration and utilization is almost negative linear. Furthermore, based on the simulation data a prediction surface for recommended exposure time is proposed to minimize precursor waste. This study provides insights into precursor reactions and coating behaviors in ALD on fluidized particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution of the extended Graetz problem for nonuniform heat flux","authors":"Jonathan Neuhauser,&nbsp;Jan-Henrik Metsch,&nbsp;Davide Gatti,&nbsp;Bettina Frohnapfel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipe flows subject to azimuthally non-uniform heat flux are present in e.g. concentrated solar power plants. In this paper, we present novel analytical solutions for this configuration under laminar flow conditions, namely the fully developed solution (including conjugate heat transfer) as well as the thermal entrance behavior, both with and without the effect of axial conduction. The solution is obtained by additively decomposing the temperature field into Fourier modes, owning to the linearity of the conservation equation of temperature. The solution for each wavenumber is then expanded in terms of eigenfunctions of a linear self-adjoint operator. The eigenfunctions of said operator can be stated explicitly for a laminar velocity profile. For negligible axial conduction (large values of the Péclét number <span><math><mtext>Pe</mtext></math></span>), the coefficients of the eigenfunction expansion are determined analytically from the eigenvalues. For finite values of <span><math><mtext>Pe</mtext></math></span>, the coefficients are obtained as solutions of a quadratic matrix equation, which are constructed explicitly and show to be well-behaved. We show that global quantities like the mean Nusselt number are independent of the heat flux distribution. However, the pointwise temperature is significantly changed; especially for variations with a wavelength of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span> (the thermal entrance length of the <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> mode is between 2.2 and 2.7 times longer than for the homogeneous case, depending on <span><math><mtext>Pe</mtext></math></span>). The presented analytical solutions are verified against numerical data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-cost non-intrusive thermal flow meter and fault detector enhanced by machine learning","authors":"Ramon Peruchi Pacheco da Silva,&nbsp;Forooza Samadi,&nbsp;Keith Woodbury,&nbsp;Joseph Carpenter","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-intrusive flow meters measure flow rate without direct interaction with the flowing fluid. This reduces the cost of flow measurement by eliminating production stoppage for installation and maintenance. However, most commercially available non-intrusive flow meters come at a high purchase cost and require calibration and careful installation for accurate measurements. This study presents a low-cost, non-intrusive flow meter and fault detector combined into a single device for steady-state water flow in a steel pipe. Instead of relying on traditional empirical correlations, various machine learning techniques are employed to establish relationships between temperature response and flow rates. Pipe surface temperature is measured for volumetric flow rates ranging from 5.99×10⁻⁴ m³/s to 2.39×10⁻³ m³/s while a band heater applies heat to the pipe for 60 s. Multiple regression learning techniques are used to correlate temperature measurements with volumetric flow rate, and classification learners are evaluated for fault detection. Three temperature-based parameters are used to train the machine learning models: temperature rise, average rate of temperature rise, and average rate of temperature drop after the heating period ends. The Fine Tree model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting flow rate, while the Bagged Trees model achieved the best performance for fault detection. Despite a narrower flow rate range and higher uncertainty compared to commercial flow meters, the proposed device costs &lt;10 % of the average price of four commercially available alternatives with similar specifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling flow boiling hysteresis mechanisms and characteristics of R134a within minichannels","authors":"Hanyang Ye ,&nbsp;Huanyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Leymus Yong Xiang Lum ,&nbsp;Jin Yao Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boiling hysteresis is the difference in boiling behavior observed between increasing and decreasing heat flux phases. Although hysteresis phenomenon in flow boiling has been reported, the underlying mechanisms and key influencing factors remain unclear. This study comprehensively analyzes the effects of flow pattern and surface morphology to reveal the hysteresis mechanism of flow boiling. Experiments were conducted at the refrigerant mass flow rates (<span><math><mover><mi>m</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></math></span>) of 0.005 kg/s to 0.009 kg/s (corresponding to mass fluxes of 60.5 kg/m²·s to 187.4 kg/m²·s), and effective heat fluxes (<em>q</em>_<em>eff</em>) of 2.9 kW/m² to 151 kW/m², by supplying 7 °C subcooled R134a refrigerant to minichannels at a saturation pressure (<em>P</em>_<em>sat</em>) of 7.27 bar. The influence of heat flux, vapor quality, flow behavior, and nucleation site density on wall superheat (<em>ΔT</em>_<em>sat</em>), average heat transfer coefficient (<em>h</em>_<em>ave</em>), and pressure drop (<em>ΔP</em>) in the hysteresis loop are investigated and compared across different specimens. It has been demonstrated that open minichannels with high nucleation site density exhibit the most significant hysteresis, with a maximum <em>h</em>_<em>ave</em> enhancement of 120 % over a wide heat flux range. This is attributed to a sequential activation process of nucleation sites as heat flux increases. In contrast, hysteresis phenomenon is significantly diminished by the limited number of nucleation sites, or due to the early occurrence of vapor backflow in closed minichannels. The effects of inlet fluid subcooling, maximum heat flux in thermal history, and refrigerant mass flow rate on hysteresis phenomenon are also characterized with the aim of establishing a comprehensive guideline to maximize hysteresis-induced thermal enhancement in microstructured minichannels for practical cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel coupled DPM-LevelSet model to accurately predict the particulate fouling front in a forced circulation crystallizer","authors":"Jamal Darand,&nbsp;Ali Jafarian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major concern with FC crystallizer heat exchanger in ZLD technology is the accumulation of particulate matter, leading to a gradual decline in its performance. The study employed an innovative coupled DPM-LevelSet model in the OpenFOAM software to simulate the calcium carbonate particulate fouling in FC heat exchanger. The k-ω SST model was used to account for turbulence, while the LevelSet model was employed to accurately capture the fouling front and conjugate heat transfer. Upon results validation, the investigation focused on examining the progressive evolution of the fouling front on the inner side of heat exchanger tube and its complex interplay with hydrodynamics. The research findings indicated that the proposed model is a promising tool for accurately estimating the local heat transfer rate of the evolving fouling front during the particulate deposition process. Results revealed that the fluctuation in fouling front and heat transfer rate are significant attributes of this mechanism. Furthermore, fouling rate was more pronounced at the tube entrance compared to the downstream region, causing an abrupt drop in fouling front temperature and heat transfer. Moreover, the heat transfer ratio, <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mrow><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>¨</mo></mover></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mover><mrow><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>¨</mo></mover></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, exhibits a substantial decrease, especially in the tube entrance vicinity, suggesting the presence of a thick fouling layer in that region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient thermal buffer utilizing pressure-driven close-contact melting","authors":"Yongping Huang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhai ,&nbsp;Chengbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal management of high-heat-flux electronics requires both efficient and uniform cooling solutions. This study presents an innovative thermal buffer design concept employing pressure-driven close-contact melting (CCM) to address this challenge. A quasi-steady numerical model coupling flow, thermal, and force fields is developed to investigate the pressure-driven CCM mechanism. Moreover, the influences of pressure and chip layout on pressure-driven CCM performance are investigated. Comparative studies with constrained melting and gravity self-driven CCM reveal that pressure-driven CCM delivers superior performance, achieving an 85.8 % reduction in total melting time, 23.2 % lower equivalent thermal resistance, and a 52.6 % improvement in temperature uniformity under identical conditions specific to this work. Furthermore, multi-chip configurations demonstrate significantly lower equivalent thermal resistance compared to single-chip layouts, with uniform arrangements exhibiting optimal thermal performance through minimized chip temperatures and enhanced temperature uniformity. Regarding the total melting time, heat flux wields a more pronounced influence than that of pressure. However, as the values of both heat flux and pressure increase further, their effects follow a non-linear pattern of attenuation. Increased pressure results in a decrease in the chip's steady-state temperature, especially when heat flux levels are high. Moreover, as the critical temperature increases, the disparities in the maximum heat flux under diverse pressure conditions become more conspicuous. These findings demonstrate that external forces critically enhance thermal limits under extreme conditions, establishing pressure-driven CCM as a promising solution for advanced thermal management systems in high-power electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the dynamics of water vapor desorption–migration–adsorption in shale saturated with methane of various pressures","authors":"Tingting Liu,&nbsp;Qingchun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water and methane coexist in shale reservoirs. Water desorption–adsorption dynamics at methane pressure is highly important for energy extraction and environmental protection. Water vapor desorption–adsorption experiments in shales saturated with CH₄ of different pressures were performed. A dynamic adsorption model for describing gas adsorption was developed. A method for calculating the effective water vapor permeability based on desorption–adsorption data was proposed. The experimental and computational results suggest that the water vapor permeability during desorption was greater than that during adsorption, and both decreased over time at different rates. Based on the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory, interfacial forces were used to describe the interaction between water vapor and shale. The interfacial force first decreased and then increased with increasing water film thickness, which was great for pores with small sizes. The interfacial force magnitude characterized the adsorption strength and affected the desorption and adsorption rates. The early, middle, and late adsorption stages were controlled by gas flow, gas flow/interfacial force, and interfacial force, respectively. The influence of interfacial forces on the decrease in desorption rate with time was more pronounced than that of adsorption. The interfacial force effect on desorption increased, and that on adsorption decreased with increasing methane pressure. The water vapor permeability at desorption–adsorption equilibrium increased with increasing methane pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulation of nonreciprocal radiative heat transfer in a two-body system composed of graphene-covered hBN metasurfaces","authors":"Bosen Chen ,&nbsp;Haishan Tian ,&nbsp;Leyong Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active manipulation of near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) has important application prospects in thermal management and energy conversion. In this paper, we explore nonreciprocal NFRHT in a two-body system, which consists of graphene-covered hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) metasurfaces. Our results indicate that the strong coupling between nonreciprocal surface plasmon polaritons (NSPPs) in graphene and hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) in the hBN metasurface confers a unique advantage to the use of a drift bias current for manipulating NFRHT. When the vacuum gap is below a specific threshold, increasing the drift current velocity enhances the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) by several times its initial value. Furthermore, numerical simulations reveal that variations in drift current velocity directly affect both the dispersion relationship and photon transmission coefficient (PTC) distribution of NSPPs, thereby enabling effective manipulation of NFRHT. Additionally, we examined how graphene's chemical potential and the filling fraction of hBN metasurfaces influence radiative heat transfer. Given the critical importance of diverse control strategies for NFRHT in micro‐ and nanoscale thermal radiation devices, we believe that this study serves as a valuable reference for advancing efficient thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer coefficient modeling for downward saturated boiling flows in vertical pipes","authors":"Yuki Wada ,&nbsp;Yasuteru Sibamoto ,&nbsp;Takashi Hibiki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two saturated boiling heat transfer correlations for downward flows in vertical circular pipes depending on wall superheat or wall heat flux as input parameters were developed based on a heat transfer experimental database. Owing to the absence of heat transfer correlations specifically developed for downward flows, existing heat transfer correlations for different flow directions were evaluated to determine their applicability to predicting the downward flow heat transfer coefficient. The results revealed that even the most accurate correlation showed a mean absolute percentage error (<em>MAPE</em>) of 66.5 %, highlighting the need for improving predictive performance. In response, the downward flow heat transfer correlation was modeled by integrating a nucleate boiling heat transfer term and a forced convection heat transfer term. The Dong-Hibiki correlation, a two-component, two-phase heat transfer correlation for downward flows, was adopted for the forced convection heat transfer term. The Forster-Zuber correlation, developed as a wall superheat function, and the Cooper correlation, developed as a wall heat flux function, were used for the nucleate boiling term to develop the heat transfer correlations where either wall superheat or wall heat flux is known. Notably, the Dong-Hibiki correlation has been validated over a wide range of experimental conditions. A correction factor was applied to the nucleate boiling term to address errors caused by applying Foster-Zuber and Cooper correlations to downward flows. The two developed correlations achieved an <em>MAPE</em> value of approximately 20 %, representing an improvement of roughly 40 % over existing correlations of heat transfer coefficients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}