International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Effect of solid surface wettability on ice adhesion strength: Stretching and shearing adhesion","authors":"Linhuan Ma ,&nbsp;Canjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Bingyao Ge ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhui Feng ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice adhesion phenomenon on solid surfaces is common in both natural and industrial fields, often causing potential safety hazards and economic losses. Therefore, designing surfaces with low ice adhesion strength is crucial. Here we investigate the ice normal stretching and shear sliding behaviors on different wetting surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations, clarifying how surface wettability influences ice adhesion characteristics. The results indicate that enhanced wettability promotes water nucleation and crystallization, leading to a more ordered ice crystal structure. Meanwhile, both ice stretch and shear adhesion strengths significantly increase, due to the tighter arrangement of ice molecules, stronger ice - substrate interactions, and the higher number of interface water molecules. Quantitative analysis reveals that both adhesion strengths are linearly and positively correlated with (1+cos<em>θ</em>₀). Furthermore, on the same wetting surface, ice normal tensile adhesion strength is approximately one order of magnitude higher than shear adhesion strength. This is because during normal stretching, the stress is uniformly distributed and the entire contact surface needs to be destroyed; while shear slip is more likely to cause interface sliding and failure due to local stress concentration. This study explains the relationship between surface wettability and ice adhesion strength from a microscopic perspective, providing a theoretical basis for designing low-ice adhesion surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and validation of the thermalhydraulic behavior of the QUENCH-04 experiment using TLANESY and ASYST/SCDAPSIM 3.5 codes","authors":"Raimon Pericas ,&nbsp;Heriberto Sánchez-Mora ,&nbsp;Sergio Quezada-García ,&nbsp;Armando M. Gómez-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TLANESY (ThermaLhydrAulic and heat traNsfEr SYstem) is a computational tool under development for simulating thermalhydraulic processes. It employs a discretization approach based on volume elements to perform energy balance calculations. The code solves a four-equation homogeneous two-phase flow model, incorporating Bernoulli's equation, heat transport, and continuity equations for liquid and vapor phases. Additionally, it accounts for heat transfer in solid components using a two-dimensional transient model that considers conduction, convection, and radiation. Validation of TLANESY was conducted through comparisons with experimental data from the QUENCH-04 experiment, which replicates severe accident conditions in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel bundle. Results were further benchmarked against ASYST/SCDAPSIM 3.5, a well-established thermalhydraulic code. Simulations examined key parameters such as rod temperature profiles, hydrogen generation, and oxide layer thickness. While both codes demonstrated acceptable agreement with experimental results, discrepancies in temperature estimation and oxidation modeling were observed, attributed to differences in nodalization, power distribution methods, and oxidation correlations. Overall, TLANESY provides a promising alternative for thermalhydraulic analysis in nuclear safety applications. The code’s ability to accurately predict hydrogen generation suggests its potential for severe accident simulations. Further refinements, particularly in power distribution modeling and feedback mechanisms, could enhance its predictive capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the coupling effect of filling ratio and inclination angle of dropwise condensation enhanced heat pipes with graphene coatings","authors":"Haikang Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Lantao Yang ,&nbsp;Haidong Xie ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Wei Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of dropwise condensation (DWC) in the heat pipe condenser can significantly improve the condensation heat transfer and the overall effective thermal conductivity. However, the intricate effects of the filling ratio and inclination angle caused by unique discrete condensing droplets bring new challenges to the condensation enhanced heat pipe technique. In this work, sustainable DWC on the nickel-graphene nanocomposite coatings (Ni-Gr) is introduced into conventional thermosyphon to explore the new effect of filling ratio and inclination angle on its thermal performance. The optimal filling ratio combined with inclination angles for DWC enhanced Ni-Gr heat pipe is identified. Results indicate that the optimal filling ratio was 61.8 % at inclination angle of 15°. When the inclination angles were 25°, 55°, and 90°, the optimal filling ratio was 44.7 %. The maximum effective thermal conductivities of the Ni-Gr heat pipe were improved by 85 %, 69.2 %, 75.4 %, and 70.3 % compared to the pure Ni heat pipe at 15°, 25°, 55° and 90°, respectively. At low filling ratios (17.1 % – 25.2 %), the effective thermal conductivity of the Ni-Gr heat pipe was significantly affected by the inclination angles due to the condensing droplet retention, degrading the evaporation efficiency at the evaporator by the lack of working fluid. During the filling ratios of 44.7 % – 74.8 %, the retention effect of condensing droplets on the evaporator region was mitigated and the average liquid film thickness was reduced compared to the pure Ni heat pipe, enhancing both condensation heat transfer and evaporation heat transfer. Evaporative flooding with low heating powers was observed to be mitigated by DWC at various inclination angles when the filling ratio was greater than 36.6 %. Furthermore, an empirical fitting model for the Ni-Gr heat pipes was developed using the response surface methodology, which could predict the effective thermal conductivity under different working conditions. This work provides new insights into the coupling effect of the filling ratio and inclination angles of heat pipes modified by Ni-Gr coatings, providing feasible design guidelines for DWC enhanced heat pipes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127551"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the onset of wall temperature fluctuation near critical heat flux under rolling motion in a flow boiling annulus channel using R134a","authors":"Geon-Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Hyoung Kyu Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines rolling motion's impact on heat transfer in an annulus flow channel using R134a fluid, crucial for offshore nuclear reactors facing unique two-phase flow phenomena due to platform motion. Unlike previous studies on rolling’s effect on Critical Heat Flux (CHF), this research focuses on the pre-CHF regime, defining Periodic Dryout Heat Flux (PDHF) as the heat flux where temperature fluctuations indicate dry patches. PDHF was lower than vertical and inclined CHF, highlighting increased dryout susceptibility. It was influenced by superficial liquid and gas velocities and roll period: higher liquid bulk velocities in Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) delayed drypatch formation, while higher vapor velocities in dryout accelerated it. Shorter roll periods reduced PDHF due to intensified perpendicular acceleration. Two kinds of modified Froude number (Fr) were introduced to characterize rolling effects. In DNB, PDHF approached rolling CHF as Fr increased, while in dryout, PDHF decreased with increasing Fr. When Fr exceeded 0.5 in dryout region, PDHF remained below rolling CHF, marking a critical dryout risk region. These findings emphasize the need to consider PDHF in heat transfer predictions for offshore reactors and offer essential data for improved thermal-hydraulic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Film cooling performance and aerodynamic characteristics of mid-passage gap in turbine guide vane doublets","authors":"Yufan Wang ,&nbsp;Weihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Jing ,&nbsp;Dongming Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In engineering practice, high-pressure turbine guide vanes are generally manufactured as single- or double-airfoil sections, inevitably introducing mid-passage gaps (MPGs) between adjacent sections. Although doublet vanes can reduce leakage losses, there is little research analyzing their flow and cooling characteristics. This study numerically focuses on the differences in cooling and aerodynamic characteristics among gapless structures, singlets, and doublets. The results show that MPGs complicate the vortex system near the endwall of the passage, and doublets alter the characteristics of vortex interactions downstream of the trailing edge (TE). Gas ingress and radial leakage jets are the primary flow features introduced by MPGs. The gas ingress leads to an increase in the leakage rate and narrows the outflow area, resulting in an enhancement of the leakage. Leakage jets roll up into leakage vortex (LV) under cross-flow and also enhances upper passage vortex (UPV). Entrained into these vortices, the coolant effectively cools the endwall downstream of MPGs. The UPV adheres closely to the suction side of the passage, whereas the LV adheres to the pressure side. Consequently, in the region downstream of the TE, the LV interacts with the UPV from the adjacent passage rather than from the same passage. Therefore, the flow field downstream of the TE in doublets is not a simple alternating superposition of that from gapless structures and singlets. Instead, it develops distinct loss and cooling characteristics in doublets. Additionally, MPGs significantly enhance the wake, while doublets introduce new periodic characteristics to the outlet flow field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the thermal effects of Gaussian versus rectangular laser beams on single-layer biological tissues: Implications for advanced biomedical therapies","authors":"Mohsan Hassan ,&nbsp;Fateh Mebarek-Oudina ,&nbsp;Edrisa Jawo ,&nbsp;A.I. Ismail ,&nbsp;M.M. Helal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the thermal dynamics of single-layer biological tissues subjected to Gaussian and rectangular laser beams, focusing on their unique thermal characteristics and potential medical applications. A comprehensive mathematical model that incorporates the Local Thermal Non-equilibrium (LTNE) framework is utilized, considering factors like tissue porosity and dual-lag effects to better understand thermal behavior. Through extensive numerical simulations, the influences of porosity, laser intensity, and exposure duration on the tissues under both beam configurations are analyzed. Results reveal that rectangular beams produce intense, localized heating, resulting in sharp temperature peaks that are particularly advantageous for targeted therapies. In contrast, Gaussian beams facilitate more uniform temperature distributions, which are beneficial for treatments requiring broader thermal coverage. Notably, it is found that increased porosity significantly mitigates maximum temperatures and reduces the extent of thermal damage, whereas higher laser intensities and prolonged exposure times lead to heightened tissue temperatures and an increased risk of thermal injury. These findings enhance the current understanding of bio-heat transfer mechanics and offer valuable guidance for the design and implementation of safer and more effective laser-based therapeutic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical modeling of the stratified flow in a hybrid extraction ventilated room with a localized buoyancy source","authors":"H.N. Fauzi,&nbsp;Y.J.P. Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a set of steady-state theoretical models for the indoor stratified flow driven by the combined effects of the buoyancy force by a localized heat source and the inertial force by an extraction device. The investigation considers an isolated room that has a vent and a mechanical extraction device at the ceiling level and a vent at the floor level. The combined effects of different mechanical extraction flow rates and a fixed buoyancy flux of a localized heat source on the stratified flow are investigated. In addition, various effective vent area ratios are considered as part of this study. Salt bath experiments are conducted in a reduced-scale building model to validate the theoretical models. The interface height and the reduced gravity of the buoyant layer observed in the experiments are in reasonable agreement with those predicted by the theoretical models. In this study, the volumetric flow rates through both the ceiling-level and floor-level openings were not directly measured by using this experimental technique, and the volumetric flow rates are estimated by using experimental data of the interface height and the reduced gravity instead. Two flow regimes are observed, the forward and reverse flow regimes separated by the critical flow rate, in the hybrid extraction ventilated space. In the forward flow regime, the interface height and the reduced gravity of the buoyant layer depend on the extraction flow rate and the effective vent area ratio. These variables still influence the interface height in the reverse flow regime, while the extraction flow rate alone determines the reduced gravity of the buoyant layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced close-contact melting by tuning container configurations for fast-charging latent heat storage systems","authors":"Jia-Jie Jiang ,&nbsp;Li-Wu Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latent heat energy storage (LHES) systems using energy-intensive phase change material (PCM) have gained increasing attention for solar thermal utilization and industrial waste heat recovery. Close-contact melting (CCM), which maintains a small gap between the unmelted PCM and the heated surface, is known to allow high-power LHES. For enclosed PCM containers, however, the contribution of CCM to the total charging process and its dependence on the container configurations remain unclear. In this work, the effects of CCM on the melting of a paraffin wax in rectangular containers with various geometrical and thermal configurations were studied numerically. The results showed that reducing the container height-to-width ratio from 6.25 to 0.25 improves the melting contribution of CCM from 38% to 87%, with a corresponding 65% reduction of the melting time. As the aspect ratio decreases, the gravity center of the unmelted PCM moves closer to the heated bottom surface, and the liquid film thickness slightly grows. In comparison to the top and side walls, heating from the bottom wall was demonstrated to be more efficient to facilitate CCM, which drastically shortens the melting time. When elevating the bottom wall superheat from 18 to 30°C, the melting fraction can be generalized using the dimensionless group FoSte^0.9, and the maximum mean power density for LHES reaches 500 W/kg. These findings can serve as practical design guidelines for enhancing the CCM mechanism in a passive manner to realize fast-charging LHES systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127549"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Weber number fuel drop breakup during impact with heated walls","authors":"Enzhe Song,&nbsp;Tian Yang,&nbsp;Lili Lu,&nbsp;Xuankun Liu,&nbsp;Chong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding high Weber number fuel drop breakup during impact with walls is critical to the prediction and optimization of fuel-air mixture distribution in internal combustion engines. In combustors, drops impact walls over a range of wall temperatures and drop velocities, resulting in complex outcomes. In this paper, diesel and methanol drops were tested under wall temperatures ranging from 27 to 400 °C with Weber numbers extending up to 2000. The drop impact events were recorded using high-speed imaging, allowing the identification of impact outcomes and analysis of secondary droplets. Initially, the basic dynamic behaviors of drops impacting on the wall at high Weber numbers were discussed, including the edge splashing that occurred at the initial moment and the subsequent phase-change characteristics. The results show that the effect of wall temperature on the critical Weber number for splashing differs between the two types of fuel. As the wall temperature rises, four heat transfer phenomena are observed: film evaporation, nucleate boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling. Subsequently, the disintegration behavior of drops impacting walls above the fuel’s dynamic Leidenfrost temperature was investigated, with statistical analyses of both impact residence time and the normalized Sauter mean diameter of secondary droplets. The mechanism of liquid film levitation and its disintegration into secondary droplets depend on the vaporization of the wetted area of the spreading liquid film. This article enhances the understanding of drop impact dynamics on heated surfaces, which can provide a theoretical basis and data support for the development of methanol/diesel dual-fuel direct injection engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized dual-phase-lag modeling of rectal wall thermal protection in prostate laser therapy using hyaluronic acid, collagen, and balloon spacers","authors":"Phanuwat Boontatao ,&nbsp;Nattadon Pannucharoenwong ,&nbsp;Piyawat Sermlao ,&nbsp;Suphasit Panvichien","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate laser therapy is a widely accepted minimally invasive procedure due to its precision and effective treatment outcomes. However, increasing laser energy to improve therapeutic efficacy can result in excessive thermal exposure to adjacent healthy tissues, particularly the rectum. This raises concerns about rectal toxicity, primarily due to the anatomical proximity of the prostate to the anterior rectal wall. This study numerically investigated the influence of prostate-rectum separation distance and different interstitial spacers, namely Hyaluronic Acid (HA), Collagen, and Balloon Spacers on reducing rectal wall thermal exposure during prostate laser therapy. The simulations were performed using the Generalized Dual-Phase-Lag (GDPL) bioheat transfer model to predict transient temperature distributions in biological tissues. Spacer-induced separation distances of 4.0, 5.1, 7.1, and 8.8 mm were analyzed. The results demonstrated that all spacer materials significantly reduced the peak rectal wall temperature compared to the no spacer condition. Temperature reductions of 53.56 %, 54.81 % and 55.34 % were observed for Collagen, Balloon Spacers and Hyaluronic Acid, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the spacer thickness resulted in additional temperature reductions, with Hyaluronic Acid providing the greatest thermal protection across all distances. These findings suggest that the use of interstitial spacers can effectively mitigate unintended thermal damage to the rectal wall during prostate laser therapy. Among the materials evaluated, Hyaluronic Acid showed superior thermal insulation performance. These results provide valuable insights for improving thermal safety in prostate cancer laser treatments and support future clinical validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 127570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}