International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic response on coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical problem for two-dimensional saturated soil under fractional order thermoelastic theory","authors":"Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Fan ,&nbsp;Jianjun Ma ,&nbsp;Yinghao Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Liqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Chunbao Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better characterize the intricate coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical dynamic (THMD) response in two-dimensional saturated soil and to enrich the research object of Green-Naghdi (G-N) generalized thermoelastic theory, this study innovatively combines the G-N generalized thermoelastic theory and Caputo's fractional order derivative, to obtain the new control equations, and to establish a new fractional order thermoelastic theoretical model. The article is solved by the normal mode analysis (NMA), which can eliminate the integration error and solve the complex fractional order partial differential control equations quickly at the same time. The effects of different boundary conditions of fractional order derivatives, porosity, frequency, and thermal conductivity coefficients on non-dimensional excess pore water pressure, temperature, vertical displacement, and vertical stress are also fully analyzed, and the distribution curves of high precision numerical solutions are given. The results show that the effect of frequency variation on each non-dimensional variable is obvious. The effects of fractional order derivatives, porosity and thermal conductivity coefficients on the non-dimensional variables vary depending on the boundary conditions. The results provide theoretical support for geotechnical and environmental engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126933"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonon heat transfer across an SiC–SiC nanogap under an external uniform electric field","authors":"Xiangrui Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Chen ,&nbsp;Gyoko Nagayama","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phonon, the primary heat carrier in semiconductors, can be tunneled across a vacuum nanogap by an electric field, while the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Herein, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study phonon heat transfer across an SiC–SiC nanogap under an external uniform electric field. Two pairs of atomic surface terminations, Si–C and C–C, were focused as the nonidentical and identical cases. In the Si–C case, a negative electric field enhances phonon tunneling, owing to the improved phonon–phonon coupling between interfaces, wherein optical phonons predominate over acoustic phonons. Conversely, phonon tunneling is suppressed under a positive electric field in the Si–C case and under both negative and positive electric fields in the C–C case. This suppression is attributed to increased phonon mismatches between interfaces and reduced optical phonon transmission. Consequently, both the strength and direction of the electric field are key factors in regulating thermal gap conductance. These findings offer a novel thermal management strategy for achieving high performance in nanoscale SiC power devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization of liquid metal phase change heat sink with enhanced gradient thermal management for 100 W/cm² heat flux","authors":"Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangwei Gong ,&nbsp;Zhiting Tong ,&nbsp;Mingkuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-power optoelectronic devices, such as high-power lasers and X-ray sources, can generate substantial heat over short durations. Traditional phase change heat sinks are inadequate for managing extreme heat dissipation due to the poor thermal conductivity and low melting enthalpy of phase change materials and the ineffective design of their fin structures. To effectively address the heat flux of up to 100 W/cm², this study introduces a liquid metal phase change heat sink that incorporates topology optimization alongside a gradient phase change structure. The topological fins display a coral-like structure that completely encases the heat sink base, while many branched fins characterize the upper layer. In contrast to traditional straight fins, this coral-like structure effectively reduces heat accumulation in the phase change material located at the base, thereby preventing the formation of localized hotspots. This optimization strategy effectively reduces the temperature at the base of heat sink. Additionally, the innovative application of gradient phase-change material significantly enhances heat dissipation capabilities. This structure enhances the proportion of simultaneous phase changes, facilitating greater heat absorption by the phase-change material through latent heat. Numerical results indicate that the liquid metal phase change heat sink, which features topological fins and a gradient phase-change structure, exhibits significantly better thermal management performance. Specifically, the maximum temperature is 30.23°C lower than conventional straight fins with a heat duration of 10 seconds. The reduction in temperature significantly increases the operational lifespan of electronic chips, presenting an effective solution for high-power devices that necessitate efficient heat dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector-based neural network turbulent heat flux closures in near-wall cooling jet flows","authors":"Christopher D. Ellis ,&nbsp;Hao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-wall jet cooling flows are difficult to model using industrially appropriate CFD methods such as Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches. Previous work has addressed the Reynolds stress closure and simple approaches to improve the turbulent heat flux closure. In this paper, two novel vector-based neural network models have been developed to capture complex turbulent heat flux trends found in near-wall cooling jet flows to improve RANS modelling approaches of these complex flows. The first model features diffusion-based vector inputs which can replicate the early jet development region while the second model which uses a broader vector feature space and captures the turbulent heat flux in the early jet development region and the downstream jet region. The latter model replicated the LES streamwise, normal and spanwise profiles of turbulent heat flux and provided improved results over GDH and HOGGDH turbulent heat flux models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126893"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the performance of microchannel heat sinks: Effects of trapezoidal cover plate on flow boiling heat transfer and stability","authors":"Chengyu Hu,&nbsp;Zihuan Ma,&nbsp;Yuantong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoping Yang,&nbsp;Xiang Ma,&nbsp;Jinjia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-phase cooling in microchannels is an efficient thermal management technology. Compared to conventional enclosed microchannels, open microchannels offer advantages such as improved flow uniformity and reduced pressure drop. However, dry-out tends to occur downstream in open microchannels, leading to deteriorated heat transfer performance and increased flow instability. In this work, a trapezoidal cover plate was proposed to improve the two-phase heat transfer performance of open microchannels. Five microchannel heat sinks with different cover plate configurations were tested using HFE-7100 and analyzed for heat transfer performance, flow pattern, pressure drop, and flow instability. The experimental results indicated the Type-II stratified flow and local wall dry-out in the downstream region of the microchannels were the primary causes of flow reversal and the triggering of critical heat fluxes (CHF) under high heat fluxes. The increasing flow velocity downstream in the trapezoidal cover plate promoted bubble departure, significantly delaying the development of flow patterns. It also postponed the transition from Type-I stratified flow to Type-II stratified flow, enhancing the rewetting capability of the downstream microchannel wall. The trapezoidal cover plate configuration significantly improved the heat dissipation capability of the open microchannel heat sinks. For a mass flux of 906 kg/(m²s), a heat flux as high as 313.9 W/cm² and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) reaching 40.8 kW/(m²K) were achieved. For a mass flux of 679.5 kg/(m²s), compared to the other four configurations, the CHF was increased by 27.6 % to 170.2 % and the HTC was improved by 20.0 % to 66.8 %. Furthermore, the trapezoidal cover plate effectively suppressed flow fluctuations. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of open microchannel heat sinks in two-phase heat transfer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer enhancement of latent functional thermal fluid in microchannel with pin fins","authors":"Chenzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Siwen Wang ,&nbsp;Peizhao Lyu ,&nbsp;Xinjian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the heat transfer and flow characteristics of latent functional thermal fluid (LFTF) in a microchannel liquid-cooling plate with different pin fins (triangular, cylindrical, and cubic). A water-based microencapsulated phase change materials suspension (MPCS) was prepared and used as the LFTF. The effects of mass concentration, Reynolds number, and pin fin structure of microencapsulated phase change material (MicroEPCM) on heat transfer and flow performance of MPCS were investigated. The results indicated that the thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient of MPCS were significantly better than those of water. Among the three types of pin fin liquid-cooling plates, the cubic pin fin plate has the highest friction factor, while the cylindrical pin fin plate has the lowest friction factor. When the Reynolds number is 400, the comprehensive evaluation coefficients for 2.5 wt% MPCS and 5 wt% MPCS in the cylindrical pin fin liquid-cooling plate were 1.83 and 2.56, respectively. These findings demonstrated that MPCS exhibits higher convective heat transfer performance compared to water. The pin fin structures enhance the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the fluid, with the cylindrical pin fin structure offering the best overall performance. The results presented in this paper would help understanding heat transfer and flow performance of LFTF in microchannel and for designing microchannel liquid-cooling plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126921"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on flow boiling heat transfer in manifold microchannel heat sinks with different numbers and widths of manifolds","authors":"Haoyuan Yu,&nbsp;Qiang Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Tang,&nbsp;Chenyu Pei,&nbsp;Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow boiling in manifold microchannel heat sink (MMCHS) has demonstrated lower pressure drop and more uniform temperature distribution. In this work, the effects of manifold number and width on the flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of deionized water in MMCHS are experimentally investigated. Flow boiling tests are conducted on five MMCHSs with inlet manifold numbers of 2, 3, and 5, and manifold widths of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm, under the mass flow rates ranging from 1 g/s to 3 g/s and inlet subcooling degrees ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C. At low heat fluxes, reducing number of manifolds contributes to expanding the boiling area and improving HTC. For heat sinks with large manifold number and width, increasing mass flow rate results in a decrease in HTC before the dry-out occurs. The heat transfer deterioration is related to the non-uniform rewetting in microchannels. Increasing manifold width enhances the wall rewetting, delaying the heat transfer deterioration and achieving an improvement of up to 31.2 % in HTC. The \"vapor trapping\" phenomenon is observed in microchannels near the ONB, resulting in an increase in wall temperature and pressure drop, which can be eliminated by increasing mass flow rate and decreasing inlet subcooling degree. With the increase of manifold number and width, the pressure drop decreases and the COP increases. Under the mass flow rate of 3 g/s and inlet subcooling degree of 20 °C, increasing manifold number and width reduces the pressure drop by up to 74.8 % and 84.7 %, respectively. Considering the average COP in the stage of fully developed boiling as a measure of the comprehensive performance, increasing the number and width of manifolds improves the comprehensive performance by up to 292.6 % and 398.5 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solidification of a liquid metal confined in a cylinder: Experimental and numerical study of the solid-liquid interface","authors":"Oscar Leonardo Torres-Saucedo,&nbsp;José Luis Morón-Cruz,&nbsp;Alberto Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental data about the solidification process of low-temperature metals have not practically been described. This work explores the solid-liquid interface during the solidification process of liquid gallium. The experimental configuration consists of a cylindrical glass cavity with an internal diameter of 50 mm. It is filled with liquid gallium up to a height of 20 mm. An acid layer of 15 mm is deposited on top of the liquid metal. The lateral wall is covered with polyvinyl chloride tape, while the lower cap of the cavity is in contact with water from a refrigerated circulator. It can fix constant temperature values of 9.8, 12.3, 14.8, 17.3, and <span><math><mrow><mn>19</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>. Since the fusion temperature is <span><math><mrow><mn>29</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>, solidification starts from the bottom to the top of the cylinder. The solid–liquid interface is experimentally tracked using the ultrasound pulse-echo technique. Additionally, a three-dimensional numerical study is carried out, and an idealized analytical model is developed. The experimental, numerical, and theoretical results are consistent. Correctly tracking the solid–liquid interface helps to understand the solidification process in recent energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126894"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the shock-compressed gas composition in the gap between metal plates on the processes occurring before contact point during explosion welding","authors":"S.V. Khaustov ,&nbsp;V.V. Pai ,&nbsp;V.I. Lysak ,&nbsp;S.V. Kuz'min ,&nbsp;A.D. Kochkalov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how the material of explosion-welded plates and the composition of shock-compressed gas (SCG) in the gap between them influence the preheating of plate surfaces before impact. A series of explosion welding experiments were performed using copper plates (in air, helium, and argon) and titanium plates (in air and argon) with lengths of 0.6 and 1 m, respectively. Low-inertia planar copper–constantan thermocouple sensors were placed in the gap to record the time-dependent temperature changes at the \"hot\" sensor junctions. Based on the obtained temperature curves, the numerical solution of the inverse problem of thermal conductivity was applied to reconstruct the heat fluxes from the SCG acting on the plate surfaces during the entire exposure period. Targets placed in the gap between the plates allowed for the investigation of cumulative processes during oblique plate collisions, as well as the analysis of metal particle distribution formed by the dispersed cumulative jet along the gap length. It was determined that the size of the SCG region and the distribution of heat flux power along its length were influenced by the density of both the gas and the dispersed metal particles, as well as the particle concentration along the length of the SCG. During the explosion welding of copper plates in helium and air, the particles are evenly distributed along the gap, with heat fluxes of 0.3 and 0.4 GW/m², respectively. However, when the medium is replaced with argon, the denser medium causes deceleration, leading to a redistribution of copper particles along the SCG region. These particles concentrate near the point of impact, resulting in a peak heat flux of approximately 1.8 GW/m². In the rest of the SCG, the heat flux remains at 0.2 GW/m². In this case, the shock wave front velocity in air, helium, and argon is the same, equal to 1.3 times the collision velocity (<em>V_c</em>). When welding titanium plates, the braking effect of the light, dispersed titanium particles, and their accumulation in the impact area are noticeable in the air and reach their maximum in argon. This leads to an increase in peak heat flux values to 1.0 and 3.6 GW/m², respectively. The average heat flux in the rest of the SCG is 0.3 GW/m² for both air and argon. Additionally, when switching from air to argon, the shock wave front velocity decreases from 1.3 to 1.1 times the <em>V_c</em>. The SCG heat exchange process with the surface of the plates was analyzed using numerical modeling, providing the temperature values of the surface layers before impact. The results show that when welding copper in air, helium, and argon environments, the surface temperature reaches 50–180 °C. In contrast, when welding titanium in an argon environment, the surface temperature can reach the melting point of titanium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrance effect on supercritical water heat transfer in horizontal tubes: Enhanced heat transfer performance and new correlation development","authors":"Zhenghui Hou,&nbsp;Chaofan Yang,&nbsp;Kuang Yang,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Xinyang Guo,&nbsp;Haifan Liao,&nbsp;Haijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique physical properties of supercritical fluids result in a pronounced entrance effect on heat transfer. This study systematically investigates the influence of the entrance effect on heat transfer characteristics of supercritical water in a horizontal tube using both experimental and simulation methods. Based on variations in boundary conditions, the heating process of supercritical water is divided into three stages: the Thermal Establishment Stage, the Axially Asymptotic Developed Stage (AADS), and the Thermal Removal Stage. Each stage is clearly defined, and its heat transfer characteristics are analyzed. The Thermal Establishment Stage, influenced by the entrance effect, exhibits superior heat transfer performance. In horizontal tubes, buoyancy-induced thermal stratification and secondary flow significantly extend the range of the entrance effect and intensify its impact. The influence of the entrance effect extends over 150 times the tube diameter, potentially increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient by &gt;30 %. Higher heat flux, lower mass flux, and more pronounced changes in physical properties enhance the entrance effect. Based on experimental data, a heat transfer correlation is developed that excludes wall temperature parameters or those dependent on wall temperature, while effectively capturing the influence of the entrance effect. This study provides valuable insights into utilizing the entrance effect to mitigate heat transfer deterioration and improve heat exchanger performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 126923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}