International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Reducing Si/Cu interfacial thermal resistance via hybrid CNT-graphene junctions: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Zengqiang Cao,&nbsp;Xuanyi Yang,&nbsp;Junjie Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Huang,&nbsp;Yuxiang Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalently bonded carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene hybrid junctions have garnered research attentions due to their potential applications in thermal management. This study comprehensively investigates the impact of CNT-graphene hybrid structures on thermal transport at the silicon/copper (Si/Cu) interface. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, we calculated the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) of CNT/Si and CNT-graphene/Cu with different CNT diameters and surface densities, and evaluated the impact of CNT-graphene hybrid junction to the total thermal resistance across the Si/Cu interface. The MD results indicate that the overall thermal resistance of Si/CNT-graphene/Cu interfaces can be decreased by as much as 76.3 % relative to the Si/Cu interface. The effect of temperature on the interfacial thermal resistance were also revealed. Our findings provide insights for the design of novel nano-electronic devices with efficient thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126493"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of working fluid properties on heat transfer and flow characteristics of two-phase loop thermosyphon with high filling ratios","authors":"Yong Cai,&nbsp;Xianfeng Hu,&nbsp;Jingyi Lu,&nbsp;Yubai Li,&nbsp;Dawei Tang,&nbsp;Chengzhi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two-phase loop thermosyphon (TPLT), known for its excellent heat transfer performance, simple and compact structure, and lack of need for a pump, effectively addresses heat transfer challenges in confined spaces under high heat loads.</div><div>Compared to TPLT with low filling ratio, high-filling-ratio TPLT not only exhibit a higher maximum heat transfer capacity but also has a more complex heat and mass transfer process, leading to increased sensitivity to the working fluid's properties. Therefore, studying the impact of the working fluid on the operational state of high-filling-ratio TPLTs is crucial for understanding their heat transfer mechanisms. In this paper, comprehensive experiments were conducted on TPLT filled with H₂O and R134a as working fluids in a wide filling ratio range (30 % -90 %), and their heat transfer performance and flow characteristics were compared. Heat transfer diagram, two-phase flow pattern diagram, and the distribution of gas-liquid two-phase of the TPLT was established with different filling ratio and heat input. Due to differences in latent heat of vaporization, the maximum heat transfer capacity of the H₂O-TPLT (390 W/cm²) is greater than that of the R134a-TPLT (270 W/cm²). In the H₂O-TPLT, the predominant large-volume slug flow leads to significant flow resistance. Whereas in the R134a-TPLT, the flow pattern is primarily dominated by small-volume bubbly flow and churn flow, resulting in low resistance. High viscosity and flow pattern in the H₂O-TPLT cause oscillation phenomena, leading to significant temperature and pressure fluctuations. Under high filling ratio, both types of TPLT experiences geyser boiling phenomena causing periodic temperature and pressure fluctuations and flow pattern changes. In summary, R134a is the preferred working fluid when heat transfer requirements are met, as it effectively reduces temperature fluctuations while dissipating heat. When exceeding the R134a-TPLT's maximum heat transfer capacity and less stringent temperature control is acceptable, H₂O may serve as the working fluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of droplet impact on heated surfaces near Leidenfrost temperature","authors":"Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuang Danling ,&nbsp;Wu Yu ,&nbsp;Qu Wenhai ,&nbsp;Xiong Jinbiao ,&nbsp;Zhao Changying","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray cooling features with high heat flux and good temperature control ability, which has been widely used in industrial environments such as electronic devices and nuclear power plants. In this study, the transient process of droplet-wall collision under film and transition boiling conditions has been investigated experimentally via the high-speed shadowgraph imaging and state-of-the-art image processing techniques. Based on intensive test conditions, the impact morphology, number, size, trajectory, ejecting angle and velocity of secondary droplets are presented and analyzed comprehensively. In experiments, distilled water was the test fluid, with initial droplets at 3 ± 0.03 mm. Droplet collision velocity was calculated based on the center distance in two pre-collision frames. The Weber number changes from 15.4 to 104.2, while the wall temperature varies from 307.6 °C to 511.8 °C. The observed collision phenomena can be divided into four types, including rebound, rebound with secondary atomization, breakup with secondary atomization, and breakup. An Improved Cascade Gaussian Fitting method (ICGF), which performs well in the dense and mutually occlusive areas, is adopted for particle identification. The statistical results show that the secondary droplet diameter mainly distributes in the range of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm under different Weber numbers. Under similar wall temperature conditions, the number of secondary droplets and the average diameter of secondary droplets increase with Weber number. Moreover, the separation mass ratio increased from 0.18 % to 2.29 %. Specifically, it is found that the amount and size of secondary droplets decrease significantly when the boiling mode transfers from transition to film. Based on the time-resolved shadowgraph images, a four-frame optimal estimation particle tracking algorithm is used to obtain the two-dimensional trajectory of the secondary droplets. The measured velocity distributes in the range of 0.3 m/s-4.0 m/s, mainly concentrating in the range of 0.5 m/s-2.0 m/s. The number and size variation with time is also analyzed, which indicates most of the secondary droplets are generated due to the strong instability in the transition boiling states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective topology optimization of a liquid-cooled microchannel for high power positive thermal coefficient heater with irregular design domain","authors":"Sanli Liu ,&nbsp;He Xu ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Zhouyi Xiang ,&nbsp;Menglian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High power density electronic devices require compact and efficient cooling systems. In this paper, a multi-objective topology optimization method is employed to design the liquid-cooled channel for a high power positive thermal coefficient heater with an irregular design domain. The optimization seeks to simultaneously minimize power consumption and maximize total heat generation. The accuracy of the numerical analysis is validated by comparing the experimental results of the serpentine channel with pin fins. The maximum relative errors in average temperature and pressure drop are 6.9 % and 18.6 %, respectively. The simulated temperature contours of the heating resistance closely match the experimental results. Compared with 4 conventional designs, the optimized design shows best overall performance in hydraulic and thermal performance. The results demonstrate that the topology optimized channel exhibits the best temperature uniformity and achieves the lowest average temperature, more than 10 °C lower than other designs. Furthermore, the topological channel exhibits a low pressure drop comparable to that of parallel channels. Moreover, the effects of the Reynolds number, fluid volume fraction and weighting factors on the topology results are investigated. The results indicate increasing the Reynolds number or the fluid volume fraction will expand the cooling channel area and generate more small branches, thereby enhancing thermal performance. For the specific case in this study, the weighting factors of the thermal and hydraulic objectives have slight impact on the topology results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposition thermokinetics and heat balance analysis of depressurized methane hydrate deposits under poor heat transfer conditions","authors":"Shuang Dong ,&nbsp;Jia-nan Zheng ,&nbsp;Qingping Li ,&nbsp;Mingkun Chen ,&nbsp;Mingjun Yang ,&nbsp;Yongchen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane hydrate is an important form of natural gas resource found in submarine deposits, with exploitation efficiency mainly determined by in-situ hydrate decomposition. During the depressurization exploitation process of large-scale hydrate deposits, the heat transfer situation of far-wellbore deposits is highly likely to be worse than that of near-wellbore deposits; However, the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of hydrate decomposition under poor heat transfer conditions are still unclear, particularly lacking heat balance analysis theory. This study adopted an external temperature control technique in experiments to worsen the heat transfer situation and investigate its effects on the decomposition thermokinetics of depressurized methane hydrate deposits to 2.9 MPa. The stable decomposition rates of methane hydrates under different heat transfer situations were found to be linear with temperature difference, and decomposition stagnation was observed as heat transfer worsened. Based on these results, a novel heat balance model of depressurized deposits with hydrate decomposition was developed, which can accurately predict the dynamic temperature response of hydrate decomposition deposits with a deviation of no &gt;8.9 %. In addition, the low hydrate decomposition rate under a worse heat transfer condition induced synergistic fluctuations in pressure and temperature, which can be improved with progressive warming. This study reveals the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of methane hydrate decomposition under poor heat transfer conditions for the first time and can help predict the spot exploitation characteristics of far-wellbore hydrate deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical insights into Sb2Te3/Te van der Waals heterostructures for achieving very high figure of merit and conversion efficiency","authors":"Ismail Shahid ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Anwar Ali ,&nbsp;Iqtidar Ahmad ,&nbsp;Vineet Tirth ,&nbsp;Ali Algahtani ,&nbsp;Dawei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric technology offers a promising solution for sustainable energy conversion, but maximizing efficiency and figure of merit (ZT) remains a significant challenge. This work explores the novel structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Sb₂Te₃/Te van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) through first-principles computation and Boltzmann transport theory. Our study reveals that the Sb₂Te₃/Te vdWHs exhibit very low lattice thermal conductivity (0.28 <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) and high Seebeck coefficient (811 <span><math><mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, driven by energy-filtering effects across the interface and a band gap of 0.47 eV. Notably, the calculated ZT reaches a record-high value of 8.83 at 400 K, substantially surpassing previous benchmarks for similar materials. Unlike prior studies, we extend our investigation by tuning the dimensions to 2 × 2 × 1 and 3 × 3 × 1 supercells and exploring tri-layer Te/Sb₂Te₃/Te vdWHs. Our results show that the ZT of the 2 × 2 × 1 supercell reaches an even higher value of 9.14, further exceeding the performance of the unit cell. Additionally, the heterostructures demonstrate a remarkable thermoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 32.25 % and thermionic refrigeration efficiency surpassing 51.9 % of Carnot efficiency at 400 K, highlighting their potential for high-performance cooling applications. These findings significantly advance the integration of high-efficiency heat-to-electricity conversion and cooling within a single material system, setting a new benchmark for thermoelectric performance and establishing Sb₂Te₃/Te vdWHs as a leading candidate for next-generation thermoelectric and electronic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High spatiotemporal resolution measurement of water flow boiling heat transfer in a horizontal square minichannel using infrared thermography","authors":"Masaki Yoshida,&nbsp;Hajime Nakamura,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamada,&nbsp;Yuki Funami","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the heat transfer fluctuations of water flow boiling in a horizontal square minichannel with a side length of 2 mm was investigated using infrared thermography with a high spatiotemporal resolution (4000 fps, 0.025 mm/pixel). Simultaneously, two high-speed cameras were used to visualize the behavior of the gas-liquid interface. The mass flux was 100 or 200 kg/(m²·s), and the vapor quality ranged from slug to annular flow. The wall heat flux was varied in the range of 10–220 kW/m², focusing on the case of 220 kW/m², where fast and complex fluctuations in the flow-boiling heat transfer were clearly visualized. In addition, image analysis was performed to partition the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient distribution into the fundamental processes of flow boiling (liquid convection, microlayer evaporation, dryout, three-phase contact line, and rewetting), and the contribution of each process to the heat transfer was investigated. The results showed that liquid convection was dominant under the present experimental conditions, accounting for approximately 85–95 % of the total heat transfer. Here, liquid convection includes the effects of turbulence in the liquid phase caused by boiling nucleation and acceleration associated with the two-phase gas-liquid flow. The contribution of microlayer evaporation due to boiling nucleation was approximately 5–8 % of the total heat transfer when the heat flux was 220 kW/m², which decreased significantly as the heat flux decreased. It was also found that dryout occurred even under low vapor quality, and that when the dryout was partial, the decrease in heat transfer was limited by the contribution of the three-phase contact line formed at the outer edge of the dryout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the mixing ratios of n-decane/methylcyclohexane binary fuel on the thermal cracking and carbon deposition propensity","authors":"Xinke Wang ,&nbsp;Wenrui Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Pan ,&nbsp;Liuru Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance fuels for high-speed vehicles requires attention to the effects of interactions between different components of the fuels as coolant on cracking and carbon deposition. Pyrolysis and coking of n-decane and methylcyclohexane (MCH), which represent the n-alkane and cycloalkane classes, respectively, were conducted with electrical heating under supercritical conditions. The gas and liquid products were analyzed by GC–MS, while the coking properties were obtained by characterization methods including programmed temperature oxidation (TPO), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that at the mixing ratio of 8:2, the gas yield is highest reaching about 41.8 % at 700 °C, while a smaller amount of coking precursors are produced, exhibiting excellent anti-coking performance. Meanwhile, the coke is gradually transformed from filamentous carbon to spherical carbon with a lower graphitization degree and higher oxidation activity. The addition of MCH mainly promotes the generation of ethylene to improve the degree of cracking of the fuel while reducing the generation of propylene and 1,3-butadiene, thereby reducing coke deposition. The regulation of fuel composition can achieve the effect of increasing the cracking depth and inhibiting coking simultaneously. The results can provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of advanced fuel composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A heat pipe calculation method based on the two-phase mixture model of porous medium","authors":"Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Bing Chen ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Siyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Bangcheng Ai ,&nbsp;Xu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a new method for calculating heat pipes, in which the porous wick inside the heat pipe is described by the two-phase mixture model (TPMM) of porous medium based on the modified temperature model that adopts the local thermal equilibrium assumption. The capillary pressure inside the wick is characterized by the Leverett capillary pressure model. This model can calculate the two-phase flow within the heat pipe wick at the macroscopic scale level and achieves a full-field coupled solution for the wick-vapor-wall flow and heat transfer process by a specific coupling method. Finally, the paper conducts a coupled heat transfer calculation for a heat pipe using potassium as the working fluid, verifies the correctness of the model and solution method by comparing it with the experimental results, and studies the flow and phase transition patterns of the heat pipe under multiple heating and different overload conditions. Compared with the traditional single-phase porous medium model of heat pipes, the new model can consider phase transition within the porous wick. While compared with pore-scale methods, the macroscopic research scale of the new model can reduce the computational resources required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression strategy for metal droplet overlapping fusion defects caused by droplet impact dynamics under coaxial shielding gas","authors":"Yi Zhou,&nbsp;Jun Luo,&nbsp;Lin Su,&nbsp;Lehua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-precision droplet overlapping under coaxial shielding gas is a prerequisite for automated and lightweight metal micro-droplet deposition manufacturing. Unfortunately, the opening shielding environment exposes metal droplets directly to the atmosphere. Droplet overlapping fusion quality would be affected due to the coupling effects of impact dynamics, thermodynamics, and oxidation. In this study, based on experiments and theoretical modeling of molten droplet impact dynamics, a strategy to suppress droplet overlapping fusion defects under coaxial shielding gas was proposed for the first time. Results show that at lower shielding gas rates, molten droplet retraction, recoil, and oscillation would weaken or vanish due to the oxide film's self-limiting effect. This limits the improved model's accuracy in predicting the droplet spreading factor in lower shielding gas supply rates. The weakened droplet dynamic behaviors at low shielding gas supply rates would magnify the length and height defects of droplet overlapping, which is particularly evident at a small printing step distance. Finally, a quality mapping for different printing parameters is established, effectively suppressing overlapping defects and ensuring fusion quality through metallurgical bonding. This work could provide a solid evidence base and theoretical guidance for high-quality metal micro-droplet deposition manufacturing under an opening shielding environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 126488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}