International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"The corrosion-related unidentified deposit (CRUD) and its multiple effects on boiling heat transfer in the nuclear reactor: A systematic review","authors":"Yuzhe Li,&nbsp;Song Ni,&nbsp;Sina Li,&nbsp;Sihong He,&nbsp;Chung Ki Cheng,&nbsp;Kejian Dong,&nbsp;Jiyun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nuclear reactors, the corrosion-related unidentified deposit (CRUD) is a widely observed thin surface layer that grows due to the long-term layered deposition of corrosion products nanoparticles on the fuel cladding. As a typical porous-hydrophilic surface medium featured by the randomly distributed boiling chimneys and high wickability, the presence of CRUDs not only forms the boron-enrichment layer of high neutron absorptivity on the fuel cladding, causing the axial offset anomaly (AOA), but also drastically changes the micro-morphology features of boiling surfaces, leading to the significant variations in multiphase flow dynamics and boiling heat transfer mechanisms. These CRUD-related problems put great challenges to the safe, long-term and economical operation of advanced nuclear reactors. Regarding these issues, this paper reviews and summarizes the recent progresses about the CRUDs’ effects on boiling heat and mass transfer mechanisms in nuclear engineering. Wherein, some advanced experimental and theoretical methods are identified, compared and highlighted, including the nano-deposition techniques for artificial CRUD synthesis, the framework of fractal-based bubble dynamic theory, and enhancement mechanisms of CRUD-affected transitional boiling sub-regimes. By applying the insights from this review, the practitioners can improve their understanding on the CRUD-affected heat transfer phenomena in nuclear engineering, which would help to promote the design and analysis methods for safe, long-term and economical operations of the advanced nuclear reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 127258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on thermal runaway characteristics and liquid nitrogen inhibition effect of large-format lithium-ion battery modules","authors":"Xianyu Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuo Li ,&nbsp;Xulong Zheng ,&nbsp;Jinxiong Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Yin ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion battery (LIB) modules poses significant safety risks to energy storage systems, primarily due to the potential for thermal runaway propagation (TRP) between adjacent modules. This study investigates the influence of liquid nitrogen (LN) intervention on module-to-module heat transfer during TR events in a large-format prismatic LIB module. Experimental results demonstrate that, in the absence of LN, TR in the central module leads to significant heat transfer to adjacent modules, especially in the vertical direction, driven by buoyancy-induced flame ejection and hot gas flow. However, after LN injection, the heat transfer to neighboring modules is effectively suppressed, with the temperature of adjacent modules remaining near or below ambient levels, preventing further TRP. Comparative analysis of different LN injection masses (11 kg, 13 kg, and 18 kg) reveals that while larger LN quantities enhance cooling rates, excessive injection yields diminishing returns in heat absorption efficiency. A 13 kg injection is identified as the optimal balance, providing sufficient cooling to interrupt inter-module heat transfer and confine the thermal hazard within the initial failure module. These findings provide practical insights into the design of cryogenic suppression systems and structural safety measures aimed at limiting module-to-module thermal propagation in large-scale energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 127281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic oscillations in the supercritical carbon dioxide natural circulation loop","authors":"Marko Draskic,&nbsp;Isabelle M.E. Nelissen,&nbsp;Rene Pecnik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical natural circulation loops (NCLs) promise passive cooling for critical systems like nuclear reactors and solar collectors, eliminating the need for mechanical pumps. However, instabilities similar to those seen in two-phase systems can emerge in supercritical NCLs, leading to undesirable oscillatory behaviour, marked by system-wide fluctuations in density, temperature, pressure, and flow rate. This study investigates the stability of NCLs at supercritical pressures (<span><math><mrow><mn>73</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>110</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>bar</mtext></mrow></math></span>) using CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in an experimental setup with vertical cooling and vertically adjustable heaters to control convective flow rates and to oppose flow reversal. Oscillations were found to originate in the heater of the NCL, and demonstrated a high sensitivity to the thermodynamic state and proximity to the pseudo-critical line of the system. Increased mass flow rates and added resistance upstream of the heater suppressed the oscillations, while increased pressures and reduced heating rates dampened them. A static model which takes into account the non-ideality of the heat exchangers is introduced to assess the presence of multiple steady states. The system is concluded to be statically stable, and the oscillations are considered to be dynamically induced. In particular, the modulation of the NCL velocity by the traversal of the current oscillations in density is assumed to periodically re-incite non-ideality in the heater. These findings intend to refine our understanding of the stability boundaries in NCLs, to ensure a safer operation of prospective passive cooling and circulation systems employing fluids at supercritical pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 127206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monolayer group-IV monochalcogenides: A promising platform for near-field radiative heat transfer","authors":"Z. Valiollahi ,&nbsp;M. Dehdast ,&nbsp;C.L. Zhou ,&nbsp;P. Li ,&nbsp;M. Neshat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT), taking advantage of evanescent modes, promise a wide variety of interesting applications in material science and thermal energy management at nanoscale. However, the lack of knowledge on suitable materials poses a bottleneck to the deployment of NFRHT concepts in practical applications. In this paper, the NFRHT is studied in a well-known category of two-dimensional (2D) materials, MX (M = Ge, Sn; X = S, Se, Te) phase of monolayers of group-IV monochalcogenides. Such material systems can significantly improve the ability to confine and control heat radiation thanks to its highly anisotropic plasmonic properties. Super-Planckian radiation enhancement of more than three orders of magnitudes over the blackbody limit is reported when the vacuum gap scales down to <span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></math></span>. The effect of changing the chalcogen species on the performance of near-field radiative heat transfer has also been discovered, that originates from the modulation of electronegativity. This enables the deep near-field (DNF) regime to extend even at significantly high vacuum gap sizes (<span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></math></span>) when the appropriate doping concentration is chosen. Additionally, it has been shown that electrochemical doping, injecting electrons, can strongly modulate NFRHT responses of MX monolayers. So that, the peak frequency of spectral heat flux is being shifted about 0.02 eV at any n = 1×10¹² cm⁻² of the charge density step in the GeTe monolayer. Moreover, the amplitude of spectral heat flux relevant to the GeTe monolayer increased by approximately 1 nJm⁻²rad⁻¹ for the aforementioned charge density step. This work lays the foundation for a novel cooling strategy for next-generation integrated circuits (ICs), harnessing the remarkable potential of the MX family of materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 127226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a distinctly optimal solution in topology optimization based on continuous adjoint method for the natural convection problem","authors":"Jae Sung Yang ,&nbsp;Sang Don Lee ,&nbsp;June Kee Min","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The topology optimization is becoming a highly promising technique in engineering with the development of the additive layer manufacturing technology. Compared to the structural design, however, there are necessities to further improve its methodology in the field of fluid flow and heat transfer, such as the suppression of the gray region. In this study, a topology optimization technique for a heat transfer problem is developed based on the finite volume method, adopting the continuous adjoint method. For the objective of minimizing the difference between the temperature fields and desired temperature, adjoint equations and sensitivity field are derived from the primal equations, which are the continuity, momentum, and energy equations considering Boussinesq approximation. Filtering and projection techniques are implemented to obtain a distinctly optimal structure by eliminating gray elements. A gradual variation of steepness parameter value, consisting of exponential and linear functions, is proposed in the projection process to ensure numerical stability. The suggested algorithm consists of two-step: i) to consider the consistency of the initial condition, which estimate sensitivity fields only, and ii) to obtain a distinctly optimal solution, which update the design variables using an optimizer. Topology optimizations are conducted for a benchmark case of natural convection problem. Optimal performance and the level of constraints satisfaction are evaluated corresponding to the parameter values of filtering and projection. As a result, a guidance of handling parameter values is suggested for natural convection problem. Finally, the physical aspects of the generated optimal structure for the objective function are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 127275"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow dynamics and heat transfer enhancement of single pulsed jet impingement in a confined crossflow channel","authors":"Wei-mei Quan,&nbsp;Wen-jing Sun,&nbsp;Jing-zhou Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-ming Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow dynamics and heat transfer behaviors of single pulsed jet impingement in a specified confined crossflow channel of <em>H</em>/<em>D</em>=4 is studied by using large-eddy simulation methodology mainly, together with the schlieren flow visualization and convective heat transfer measurement. The effects of pulsation frequency and jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio are concerned in a wide range of <em>f</em>=20 Hz∼200 Hz and <em>VR</em>=1.5∼10.0, by fixing the jet Reynolds number at <em>Re</em>_j=10000. The results confirm that the use of pulsed jet on enhancing impingement heat transfer is more appreciated in situations with stronger crossflow effects. Its key mechanism is mainly reflected in that the pulsation excitation alters the inherent flow regime of steady jet impingement, such as the transitions from ‘weak normal contact’ of steady jet impingement to ‘strong normal contact’ of pulsed jet impingement under <em>VR</em>=2.5, and ‘faint normal contact’ to ‘weak normal contact’ under <em>VR</em>=1.5. According to the computational results, the peak spanwise-averaged <em>Nu</em> could be increased to 106% under <em>VR</em>=2.5 by high-frequency pulsed jet impingement with respect to the steady jet impingement. Even at <em>f</em>=20 Hz, an increase of about 16% in the peak spanwise-averaged <em>Nu</em> is still identified by the pulsed jet impingement. However, in the situations of <em>VR</em>=10.0, low-frequency pulsation generally results in an obvious reduction of jet impingement heat transfer. Generally, <em>f</em>=100 Hz is suggested to be a more promising pulsation frequency within the scope of current study, on account that it could create a closed heat transfer level as that at <em>f</em>=200 Hz and it is more realistic in the practical uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 127286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of thermal-fluid dynamics in directed energy deposition of 316 L stainless steel with laser beam oscillation","authors":"Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Binxin Dong ,&nbsp;Yanhua Bian ,&nbsp;Shaoxia Li ,&nbsp;Chongxin Tian ,&nbsp;Xiuli He ,&nbsp;Gang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of laser beam oscillation in directed energy deposition (DED-LBO) significantly influences the thermal-fluid behavior and molten pool formation during the process. This study presents a high-fidelity CFD model, integrated with a ray-tracing algorithm, to investigate the laser-material interaction and molten pool behaviors under linear and circular oscillation mode during the DED-LBO process of 316 L stainless steel. The results show that both the average interaction angle between the laser rays and the molten pool surface, as well as the laser absorptivity, vary periodically over time due to the periodic movement of the oscillating laser. This periodic heat input condition induces fluctuations in both temperature and fluid velocity within the molten pool. A higher oscillation frequency leads to the reduced temperature and fluid velocity. Compared to the circular oscillation mode, the fluid velocity is larger under the linear oscillation mode, primarily due to the larger temperature gradient. However, the surface area of the molten pool is larger under the circular oscillation mode, resulting in the capture of more powder particles. Moreover, the calculated Peclet number and Marangoni number are both larger than unit, indicating that thermal convection is the dominant heat transfer mechanism and Marangoni force is the primary driving force during the DED-LBO process. A good agreement is achieved between the simulated and experimental dimensions of the deposited tracks, with a relative error of &lt;11.2 %. This study could enhance the understanding of thermal-fluid transport behavior of the molten pool during the DED-LBO process and provide insights for optimizing process parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation and experimental verification for dynamic denitration through mixed ammonia/methane combustion: Comparative case study of typical scenarios","authors":"Chengguang Tong ,&nbsp;Zuobing Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Quan Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance environmental and energy efficiency, ammonia–methane co-combustion is considered one of the efficient and clean energy supply methods. However, the greatest challenge with the combustion of NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology was employed to simulate combustion in a burner chamber. Additionally, a user-defined function (UDF) was used to construct the working condition fluctuation model and the species concentration coupling model. And experiments focused on detecting the composition of flue gas after combustion were carried out. To this end, a dynamic and precise denitrification method was proposed, and its performance was systematically compared with two other scenarios, namely non-denitrification and conventional fixed injection denitrification. The combustion and denitrification models employed in this work were verified by comparison with previous studies. The results showed that tail denitrification treatment effectively reduces NO emissions. Furthermore, the average NO concentration at the outlet decreased by 2,378 ppm through ordinary fixed value denitrification. However, this method demonstrated poor denitrification performance under fluctuating operating conditions. In contrast, the dynamic denitrification method can accurately control the average outlet NO concentration to about 73 ppm, reduced nitrogen oxides by 97%. In the end, the result was experimentally validated with an error within 5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127069"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on frost formation on the surface of ultra-low temperature circular tubes under forced convection conditions","authors":"Youzhi Mi,&nbsp;Meng Liu,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Ruikai Zhao,&nbsp;Keyong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combined engine precooler systems typically utilize ultra-low temperature refrigerants such as liquid nitrogen or hydrogen as cooling media. This operational configuration inevitably results in frost formation on microtube bundle surfaces. The frost growth characteristics on precooler tube bundles differ markedly from conventional surfaces, exhibiting distinct growth rates, densities, and ice crystal structures under ultra-low temperatures. To systematically examine frost layer formation under ultra-low temperature forced convection conditions, this study conducts experimental investigations on circular tubes, focusing on the effects of humid air parameters: temperature, flow velocity and moisture content on frost growth characteristics. Comprehensive single-tube experiments establish that frost layer thickness exhibits a positive correlation with both flow velocity and moisture content, while demonstrating an inverse relationship with ambient temperature. Data from the experimental section establishes a proportional dependence of humid air pressure drop on accumulated frost thickness. In tube bundles, initial frost growth mirrors single-tube behavior. Intertube frost bridges subsequently form and merge adjacent layers, ultimately creating a continuous coating that envelops the entire bundle. The first tube's trailing edge showed delayed frost growth with airflow disruption versus isolated tubes. The last row's trailing edge maintained more stable frost accumulation with reduced shedding. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of ethanol-based defrosting. These findings provide key insights into precooler tube-bundle frost formation, enabling better prediction models and frost-control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127280"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas transport and bubble-driven ignition in slow Cookoff for a Melt-cast explosive","authors":"Sa You ,&nbsp;Xinjie Wang ,&nbsp;Fenglei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effects of gas transport on heat transfer and ignition characteristics of melt-cast explosives in slow cookoff, this study develops a bubble-driven multiphase flow and ignition model. The multiphase model incorporates mechanisms such as melting, shear thinning, dissolution, pressure accelerated thermal decomposition reactions, and the rise of bubbles. The model provides accurate predictions of temperature and pressure histories of Comp-B in sealed and vented systems, as well as the mixing of the suspension, variations in flowability, and bubble distribution. The results reveal that bubble-driven local flow and the resulting convective heat transfer significantly enhance suspension mixing. Furthermore, by decoupling bubble flow and comparing results in different ullage conditions, the effect of gas products on flow and ignition is investigated. The bubble-induced convective heat transfer plays a dominant role in the thermal transport but not in the ignition delay of vented system. In the vented system, lower pressure in ullage enhances the escape of gas products, weakening pressure-dependent reactions, which in turn delays the ignition. This study could lay a solid foundation for further investigation into bubble dynamics during the slow cookoff process of melt-cast explosives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 127266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}