Applied Energy最新文献

{"title":"Can government green discourse-behavior congruence mitigate carbon emissions? A polynomial regression with response surface analysis","authors":"Renyan Mu ,&nbsp;Jingshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shidi He","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global climate change intensifies, the efficacy of governmental environmental policies and their implementation is pivotal for carbon emission control. The alignment between governmental green initiatives and their actions not only affects authority credibility but also determines the success of environmental governance outcomes. Therefore, investigating the congruence between government green discourse and behavior in achieving “dual carbon” objectives is critical for addressing climate change and facilitating systemic reforms. Applying panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022 based on polynomial regression and response surface, this study summarizes three main pathways through which government green discourse-behavior congruence influences carbon emissions: the state of congruence or incongruence, the degree of congruence, and the direction of incongruence. Congruent government green discourse and behavior more effectively reduce carbon emissions intensity than incongruent ones, while a higher degree of congruence leads to more significant reductions. The direction of incongruence also impacts carbon emissions intensity, particularly when government behaviors fall short of its discourses, leading to a higher carbon intensity growth rate. Furthermore, the moderating role of non-governmental entities' green innovation vitality is considered. The results reveal that the green innovation of non-governmental entities can partly substitute for the need for government discourse-behavior congruence in achieving carbon reduction. Specifically, green innovation of research institutions primarily enhances the positive environmental effects of increased government discourse-behavior congruence degree, while corporate green innovation mainly mitigates the negative environmental impacts of government incongruence direction. Consequently, the deep integration of government environmental initiatives and actions is advocated, along with the stimulation of green innovation among various entities, to more effectively combat global climate change. This study not only extends traditional congruence research from the micro level to the meso and macro levels and fills a theoretical gap, but also provides new insights into the process of government green governance worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gearbox pump failure prognostics in offshore wind turbine by an integrated data-driven model","authors":"Wanwan Zhang,&nbsp;Jørn Vatn,&nbsp;Adil Rasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind turbines face substantial challenges in operation and maintenance due to the harsh marine environment and remote locations. Predictive maintenance, encompassing fault diagnostics and failure prognostics, is a promising maintenance strategy to address these challenges. To contribute to this strategy, an integrated data-driven model is developed for probabilistic failure prognostics at the component level. The remaining useful life of a gearbox pump in an offshore wind turbine is predicted accurately based on supervisory control and data acquisition data. In this approach, light gradient boosting machines are tuned to model normal temperatures. The gated recurrent unit outperforms other neural networks and is selected to process temperature residuals with a Bayesian neural network. Results show that the prediction at the 50% percentile precedes the true failure time by 3.83 h. Moreover, there is 97.5% confidence that the true failure time falls within around <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 5.3 h of the predicted time. Furthermore, the earliest alarm is issued at the 2.5% percentile, precisely 9.17 h prior to the true failure time. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of supervised learning and normal behavior modeling for probabilistic failure prognostics of offshore wind turbine components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124829"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity fade-aware parameter identification of zero-dimensional model for vanadium redox flow batteries","authors":"Jinho Ha ,&nbsp;Seongyoon Kim ,&nbsp;Youngkwon Kim ,&nbsp;Jung-Il Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a framework for evaluating the electrochemical performance of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system. First, a numerical solver for redox flow battery is constructed to represent the multi-physics system through systems of ordinary differential equations, which describe the mass conservation of existing vanadium ions. The present numerical model is validated regarding the voltage by comparing its results with the experimental results of previous studies. Second, we identify the parameters in the governing equations using a genetic algorithm with the present numerical model. We select seven parameters by considering the physical meaning of each parameter related to the electrochemical performance. The voltage for the first charging/discharging cycle and capacity fade data are used to identify the selected parameters. The voltage and capacity fade estimated by the parameters identified using the numerical model align with the previous studies. Finally, we analyze the global sensitivity of the identified parameters in terms of the voltage and capacity fade using the total Sobol’ indices because the high sensitivity confirms that the identified parameters have reliable values. As expected, voltage- and capacity-related parameters show high total Sobol’ indices for the voltage and discharging capacity, respectively. Furthermore, we predict the performance of the VRFBs using the identified parameter set and numerical model during 30-cycle operations. Additionally, the performance is compared according to the current density and vanadium concentration in the electrolyte. The proposed framework can be used to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of developed VRFBs by identifying parameters related to physical performance, such as voltage and capacity fade. Moreover, the identified parameters can be utilized to predict voltage and capacity performance, enabling the optimization of operating conditions and configurations of VRFBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124989"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust preventive and corrective security-constrained OPF for worst contingencies with the adoption of VPP: A safe reinforcement learning approach","authors":"Xiang Wei ,&nbsp;Ka Wing Chan ,&nbsp;Guibin Wang ,&nbsp;Ze Hu ,&nbsp;Ziqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising frequency of extreme weather events calls for urgent measures to improve the resilience and reliability of power systems. This paper, therefore, presents a robust preventive-corrective security-constrained optimal power flow (PCSCOPF) model designed to strengthen power system reliability during <em>N</em>-<em>k</em> outages. The model integrates fast-response virtual power plants (VPPs), dynamically adjusting their injections to mitigate post-contingency overloads and maintain branch flows within emergency limits. Additionally, a novel approach combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with Lagrangian relaxation is introduced to efficiently solve the PCSCOPF decision-making problem. By framing the problem as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP), the proposed Lagrangian-based soft actor-critic (L-SAC) algorithm optimizes control actions while ensuring constraint satisfaction during the exploration process. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems to evaluate their computational efficiency and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124970"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A digital twin of multiple energy hub systems with peer-to-peer energy sharing","authors":"Shiyao Li ,&nbsp;Yue Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Wu ,&nbsp;Yiqun Pan ,&nbsp;Zhizhong Huang ,&nbsp;Nan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change has become a global concern, the decarbonization of energy systems has become a prominent solution for CO₂ emission reduction. The recent emergence of multi-energy hub systems (MEHs), characterized by interconnected energy hubs (EHs) and facilitated by energy sharing, presents a promising solution for seamlessly integrating a significant share of renewable energy sources (RESs) and flexibility among EHs. Faced with the intricate interplay and uncertainty of future energy markets, an extensive digital twin (EXDT) is proposed to perform predictive testing and evaluate the performance of MESs. This EXDT provides energy system operators with insights into the coordinated behavior of interconnected EHs under various future scenarios, thus contributing to smarter decision-making processes. Specifically, an array of scenarios including different decision-making strategies and P2P energy sharing strategies were considered. For each of these scenarios,\"what-if\" tests were conducted using a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)-based method to model the stochastic decision-making process of EHs belonging to different stakeholders with access to local information. Uncertainties during operation can be mitigated using Markov Game (MG) by capturing knowledge from historical energy data. Subsequently, the economic and technical performance were evaluated using multidimensional evaluation indexes. The proposed MARL-based EXDT was applied to a representative 4-EH multi-energy system in China. Simulation results indicate that P2P energy sharing facilitates the local consumption of renewable energy, providing additional financial benefits and self-sufficiency to each EH and offering peak shaving to the upstream grid. Additionally, system performance under various decision-making and P2P sharing strategies was tested and evaluated to identify the impact of these strategies on system operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124908"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy systems integration and sector coupling in future ports: A qualitative study of Norwegian ports","authors":"Cecilia Gabrielii ,&nbsp;Marte Gammelsæter ,&nbsp;Eirill Bachmann Mehammer ,&nbsp;Sigrid Damman ,&nbsp;Hanne Kauko ,&nbsp;Line Rydså","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ports will play an important role in the decarbonisation of maritime transport towards 2050, and for the energy transition in a larger perspective. In this context, options for integrating multiple energy carriers and end-user sectors are seldom addressed. This study aims at qualitatively assessing the energy transition in Norwegian ports, centred around energy supply to the maritime sector, but with a particular focus on sector coupling and energy system integration. To elaborate on plausible energy systems in ports towards 2050, four exploratory scenarios were designed, driven by a low or high techno-economic and socio-technical development. Four case ports were selected for the scenario assessment, differing in ship traffic, ownership, location, port activities, nearby industries, current energy carriers, and ambition level for energy transition.</div><div>The assessment of the four case ports reveals many options for energy and sectoral interactions. Following the electrification of maritime and road transport, as well as the port itself and nearby industries, it was shown that sector coupling facilitates renewable power production in all case port. A more complex multi-energy carrier integration, e.g., between electricity, heat and hydrogen, is of special relevance for ports located near offshore wind establishments and heat demanding sectors like aquaculture industry or buildings with central heating. Here, sector coupling could trigger hydrogen production in the port area, and thereby enable hydrogen supply to ships. Concludingly, energy and sectoral interactions contribute towards a decarbonised, flexible and efficient port energy system, however, the benefit depends on port characteristics and energy transition scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and challenges in hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric systems for renewable energy","authors":"Raza Moshwan ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Yicheng Yue ,&nbsp;Wei-Di Liu ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Lijun Wang ,&nbsp;Daniel Liang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with photovoltaic (PV) devices presents an effective strategy to enhance the power generation of PV cells, thus substantially contributing to the widespread adoption of solar energy. By harnessing both photon and heat energy from sunlight, this integration maximizes energy capture and improves overall system efficiency, thereby advancing the feasibility and scalability of solar energy generation. This article provides a timely review of the advances and challenges in hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) technology, covering fundamentals, the impact of thermal, contact, and load resistance on performance, various integration options (such as hybrid PV-TEG systems with spectral splitters, phase change materials, and thermal systems), thermal management, feasibility, economic and environmental aspects, and long-term efficiency improvements. Following a detailed analysis and review of extensive progress, PV-TEG systems demonstrate higher efficiency across diverse environmental conditions compared to standalone PV devices. Finally, we address constraints, propose potential remedies, and point out future directions in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125032"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of single-machine equivalent methods for heterogeneous PMSG-based wind farm with the VSC-HVDC system","authors":"Qiao Li ,&nbsp;Linlin Wu ,&nbsp;Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Du ,&nbsp;Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comparative study of four single-machine equivalent methods used to simplify the analysis of small-signal stability (SSS) in grid-connected wind farms composed of multiple wind turbine generators (WTGs), particularly focusing on heterogeneous permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind farms with a VSC-HVDC system. The four methods compared are (1) the dynamic aggregation method, (2) the average power or average control parameter method, (3) the weighted average method, and (4) the covering theorem method. The comparative analysis highlights the connections and differences among those four methods that help to gain a better understanding of their strengths and limitations as follows: (1) When the dynamic characteristics of individual PMSGs are different, the dynamic aggregation method may result in errors in assessing system SSS. (2) The average power and weighted average methods are accurate in assessing the system's SSS when a linear relationship exists between the system's oscillation modes and the PMSG output or control parameters. However, both methods may give erroneous SSS assessments when this linearity does not hold. (3) The weighted average method can accurately assess SSS when wind speeds differ across PMSGs, while the average wind speed method produces errors. (4) The covering theorem method is found to be conservative in SSS assessment. Finally, the methods are validated through simulations on two PMSG-based wind farm topologies connected to the grid with a VSC-HVDC system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124988"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental demonstration and validation of tubular solar cavity receivers for simultaneous generation of superheated steam and hot air","authors":"Yasuki Kadohiro ,&nbsp;Timo Roeder ,&nbsp;Kai Risthaus ,&nbsp;Dmitrij Laaber ,&nbsp;Nathalie Monnerie ,&nbsp;Christian Sattler","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavity receivers with absorber tubes inside the solar tower systems are the most studied and suitable concept for supplying such hot steam and air due to its design flexibility and efficiency. However, a receiver concept of simultaneously generating high-temperature steam and air has not been experimentally studied on scales beyond laboratory scale. Therefore, our study focused on the experimental demonstration for such receiver concept and the validation of the developed numerical model. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed receiver concept (i.e. a cavity receiver with cylindrical and conical helical tubes) with 70 kW_th nominal power can simultaneously produce high-temperature steam (811 °C) and air (863 °C) with standard deviations of less than 3 °C (outlet temperature), 3 kPa (outlet pressure), and 0.2 kg/h (mass flow rate). Comparison of experiments and simulations proved to be in very good agreement, with errors of less than 10 %. The results presented here provide a basis for future scale-up and demonstrate the high potential of combining concentrating solar thermal technology with high-temperature electrolysis for the mass production of green hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125042"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tri-level model for optimal management of active distribution networks enabling two-layer local markets","authors":"Rogelio S. León Japa,&nbsp;Marcos Tostado-Véliz,&nbsp;Blas Ogáyar,&nbsp;Francisco Jurado","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deregulation of distribution systems enable local energy trading under the umbrella of local market strategies, which are launched and cleared by local entities like distribution system operators. The emergence of active players connected to distribution networks such as microgrids path the way to two-layer market structures, within which different local markets must coexist and coordinate. This new paradigm advocates for developing new management and market models suitable for multi-level local markets. This paper focuses on this issue. In particular, a new management model for active distribution networks enabling two-layer local markets is developed, which casts as an original tri-level optimization approach. This paper applies the developed methodology to the case in which different microgrids connected to a distribution market launch local markets for energy trading within the microgrid, but it could be applied to similar frameworks such as energy communities or virtual power plants. The new approach stablishes a game-oriented market coordination which preserves the hierarchical feature of the coordinated market strategy. A case study on a 33-bus radial distribution network serves to validate the model and illustrates how active players such as distributed generators and flexible demands perform under local market rules. A number of scenarios are studied under different distributed generation and microgrid penetration, showing that incrementing the number of both leads to improve the economy of the distribution system operator and microgrids. Finally, a sensitivity analysis regarding the renewable generation potential is studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125040"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}