Applied Energy最新文献

{"title":"Dust aerosol effects on decentralized solar: A cause of systematic undersizing of solar panels in West Africa","authors":"Stewart A. Isaacs ,&nbsp;Olga Kalashnikova ,&nbsp;Michael J. Garay ,&nbsp;Aaron van Donkelaar ,&nbsp;Melanie Hammer ,&nbsp;Danielle R. Wood ,&nbsp;Wesley L. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decentralized solar is an emerging strategy for advancing modern energy access among rural populations globally. However, both natural and anthropogenic aerosols can significantly worsen solar panel performance. Although the effect of aerosols is typically assessed using satellite or reanalysis data during system sizing, these datasets often underestimate extreme aerosol conditions in West Africa.</div><div>This study evaluates the impact of aerosols on photovoltaic (PV) output by developing irradiance and generation models that accept as input three reanalysis and satellite-derived datasets with varying spatial and temporal resolution. The accuracy of each dataset is evaluated through comparisons to ground-based AERONET measurements. We find none of the aerosol datasets capture the highest aerosol loadings well, underestimating the 99th percentile aerosol optical depth (AOD) values between 18–49 %, which can lead to undersizing PV systems by up to 11 % for high-reliability designs.</div><div>To capture total regional dust impacts, we combine dust aerosol with dust soiling loss modeling. Modeled irradiance shows that daily energy losses during the annual Harmattan dry season can reach 50 %, and seasonal energy losses caused by dust can be between 19–40 %. In locations within the Sahel, soiling dominates dust-associated losses (62–66 % of total losses), while for coastal locations near the Gulf of Guinea, dust aerosols drive losses (56 %).</div><div>These findings highlight the need for location-specific mitigation strategies to effectively address PV dust losses. The modeling framework developed in this study can be used to improve the siting, sizing and maintenance strategies for PV systems in dry regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126756"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase change materials for flexible refrigerated warehouses: a multi-level review of material properties, system integration, and control strategies","authors":"Zhuoqun Xing ,&nbsp;Yiqun Pan ,&nbsp;Rongxin Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Yuan ,&nbsp;Yumin Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Jia ,&nbsp;Zhizhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid expansion of refrigerated warehouses (RWs) to meet growing demands for food safety and cold chain logistics, the resulting substantial energy consumption and operation costs have become critical challenges for development. However, current knowledge on the integration of PCMs into RW systems lacks a comprehensive review, leading to gaps in understanding their thermophysical suitability, specific integration configurations, and control coordination mechanisms. This review, consequently, presents a timely and structured multi-level analysis of recent progress in the application of phase change materials (PCMs) to achieve flexible RWs, incorporating the aspects of material properties, system integration, and control strategies. The cutting-edge contributions of this review lie in its holistic perspective, which bridges: (1) the material science view of PCM thermophysical properties and heat transfer enhancement; (2) the thermal engineering perspective of multi-zone load characteristics and refrigeration system advancements in RWs; and (3) the systems control perspective of PCM integration and intelligent control. Persistent challenges such as PCM-refrigeration compatibility, long-term reliability, and demand response implementation highlight the need for future research to advance intelligent, resilient, and grid-interactive refrigerated warehouses, thereby establishing a robust foundation for the sustainable transformation of the cold chain sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126735"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and analysis on the voltage-mediated flexibility control of a low-voltage DC building energy system","authors":"Zihao Ni ,&nbsp;Wei Tan ,&nbsp;Yi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of direct current (DC) bus voltage as a unified control signal for flexibility control has raised significant attention in low-voltage DC building energy systems, with advantages in coordinating diverse flexible resources for demand response. However, while DC bus signaling simplifies system-wide control, existing research lacks clear transient stability boundaries and dynamic interaction models under high flexible load penetration, leading to risks of voltage instability during load or source fluctuations. To bridge this gap, a simulation model of a flexible low-voltage DC (FLVDC) system is developed in MATLAB/Simulink refined to the device level, where the 750 V high-level bus voltage serves as the sole control signal to regulate device operations. The analysis framework tests stability boundaries and transient responses, including overshoot, and settling time of bus voltage and grid power dynamics under source and load steps. Validation through two real-world scenarios demonstrates that the FLVDC system achieves flexible demand response by adjusting device power consumption based on voltage-mediated control. Key findings show that the small-scale scenario features a broader stable voltage range but inferior transient performance compared to the large-scale one with more sources and loads. Droop control is shown to reduce overshoot and settling time, while rigid control provides a fixed reference value without fluctuation with grid power. Under voltage-mediated control, the FLVDC system can provide 309 W/V grid flexibility in small-scale scenario from 550 V to 1020 V and 2309 W/V in large-scale scenario from 650 V to 825 V. The simulation model can provide building operators with a feasible tool to verify system design and optimize control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126813"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on marine plastic pyrolysis oil: Turning pollution into a maritime fuel","authors":"Sina Keyhani,&nbsp;Matteo Prussi,&nbsp;David Chiaramonti","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine litter, predominantly plastic waste, represents both an escalating environmental crisis and a potential resource for sustainable fuel production. This review offers the first comprehensive assessment of using marine litter as a feedstock for pyrolysis to generate alternative fuels for the maritime sector. Among various litter types, beach and floating plastics are identified as the most suitable for pyrolysis, given their accessibility and high plastic content, while seafloor litter presents additional collection and pretreatment challenges. Literature indicates that pyrolysis can yield 45 %–60 % oil from plastic-rich waste, requiring minimal upgrading to meet marine fuel standards. The resulting marine plastic-derived pyrolysis oil demonstrates high compatibility with existing maritime infrastructure, allowing for seamless blending with conventional fuels. However, limitations such as restricted production capacity and the fossil origin of plastic suggest that marine plastic-derived pyrolysis oil should be considered a transitional solution. This work uniquely proposes the integration of pyrolysis units within port reception facilities as a strategic and efficient approach to manage marine litter and produce low-carbon maritime fuels. Despite technical and logistical challenges, marine litter pyrolysis shows promising potential as a complementary pathway for both ocean cleanup and low-carbon fuel transition in the maritime sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126759"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFDR-NLNet: A dual-frequency differentiated representation non-local network for photovoltaic panel segmentation","authors":"Yitong Fu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Li ,&nbsp;Pengfei Yu ,&nbsp;Yaqun Huang ,&nbsp;Wen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a crucial role in expanding renewable energy globally, yet achieving precise PV panel segmentation to optimize resource allocation and guide installation policy remains a challenge across urban, rural, and industrial environments. To address data diversity limitations, we propose a data augmentation method using a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) to generate joint data distributions, enhancing model robustness. Building on this, we introduce a dual-frequency differentiated representation non-local network (DFDR-NLNet) for realistic PV panel segmentation. To enhance the efficiency of global contextual feature extraction in the Transformer branch, we propose a low-frequency representation Transformer that strengthens large-scale semantic modeling through frequency decomposition and preserves crucial positional cues using original phase information. Additionally, a cross-scale alignment module (CSAM) is proposed to facilitate semantic alignment and collaborative learning across different feature levels. To enhance the contribution of edge information in the segmentation process, we design an edge feature awareness module (EFAM) that focuses on high-frequency information. Finally, the correspondence between edge features and decoder representations is modeled to facilitate segmentation in ambiguous regions, via a multi-directional cross attention (MDCA). DFDR-NLNET achieves mIoUs of 83.39 %, 66.14 %, and 91.48 % on PVP-Dataset, BDAPPV, and PV01, outperforming other methods in PV panel localization and edge refinement. Furthermore, the method is used to evaluate the power generation capacity of the Kael Solar Power Plant in Senegal, where the array area is calculated to be 0.25 km², the system size is 38.13 MW, and the annual output power is 63.71 GWh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126761"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing microgrid cyber resilience: Fundamentals, trends and case study on data-driven practices","authors":"Subrata K. Sarker ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Shafei ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Ricardo P. Aguilera ,&nbsp;M.J. Hossain ,&nbsp;S.M. Muyeen","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgrids (MGs) serve as the core components of the upcoming sustainable power systems, and ensuring their security against cyber threats presents a critical research challenge due to the widespread use of advanced energy technologies. This paper explores various strategies for maintaining the cyber-resilient operation of MGs, focusing on technical, economic, and regulatory frameworks, in addition to their operational essentials for seamless functionality. In this paper, cyber-resilient operation refers to the system’s ability to withstand, respond to, and recover from cyber incidents, thereby ensuring the continuous and reliable operation of the MG. An outline of the various security challenges linked to different cyber-attacks and MG frameworks, highlighting the importance of developing effective and adaptable solutions, is also studied in this paper. While model-based approaches offer precise detection accuracy under steady-state conditions, they often struggle in real-time dynamic scenarios due to their complexity and dependence on accurate system modeling. Conversely, data-driven approaches offer enhanced flexibility and adaptability, enabling swift responses to emerging cyber threats. This makes them a compelling alternative to dynamic model-based methods for ensuring cyber-secure operations of MGs. This study focuses on data-driven techniques, acknowledging the comparative strengths and limitations of both paradigms. This paper also outlines crucial steps for crafting scalable and efficient data-driven cyber solutions, highlighting their key characteristics that enhance MG security. It provides a thorough overview of recent data-driven cyber solutions for MGs, offering careful analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods in enhancing security while identifying operational and implementation challenges. A case study on a two-area isolated microgrid is presented, where a data-driven framework optimized by Bayesian learning approximation is examined. This case study demonstrates the capability of the studied data-driven framework in enhancing the resilience of IMGs against cyber threats. Ultimately, the paper concludes with recommendations for the field of data-driven cyber solutions and MGs, aiming to foster further advancements in sustainable and reliable cybersecurity measures for MG frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126753"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel mesh-based porous transport layer structures for low-cost, high-performance and durable proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers","authors":"Xin Song ,&nbsp;Pucheng Pei ,&nbsp;Zhezheng Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Ren ,&nbsp;Xingbo Pu ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Lei ,&nbsp;He Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is promising for hydrogen production and renewable energy utilization. However, the high cost of titanium porous transport layers (PTLs) has hindered their large-scale commercialization. Woven titanium mesh is considered a cost-effective PTL material, but it leads to suboptimal PEMWE cell performance. This study presents a low-cost, high-performance, and durable PEMWE cell utilizing a woven titanium mesh PTL filled with titanium powders (Ti mesh/powder-PTL), which is comprehensively investigated for the first time. When woven titanium meshes were used as PTLs, the cell voltage reached 1.988 V at 2 A/cm² and 60 °C. Upon the introduction of titanium powders to the titanium mesh, the cell achieved an unprecedented performance of 1.901 V under the same conditions, outperforming previous studies using titanium woven meshes as PTLs. The PEMWE cell with Ti mesh/powder-PTL was evaluated in an accelerated stress test (AST) for 800 h and compared with the cell with Ti mesh-PTL. The results showed a 39.3 % reduction in the irreversible voltage decay rate, corresponding to a decrease of 120.97 μV/h. The Ti mesh/powder-PTL significantly reduced ohmic losses before the AST, while considerably reducing activation and mass transfer losses post-test. Extensive physical and electrochemical analysis indicates that the filled titanium powders optimize the interface between the PTL and catalyst layer, gradient the titanium mesh, and provide extra pathways for interfacial electron transport and additional bubble nucleation. Furthermore, the use of woven Ti mesh filled with Ti powder as a PTL reduces the cost by over 90 % compared with traditional porous materials like Ti felt and sintered Ti. Therefore, we demonstrate the potential of a Ti-powder-filled titanium mesh as a PTL from the perspectives of cost reduction, performance, and durability, thereby advancing the development of green hydrogen production technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126793"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinated operation of alternative fuel vehicle-integrated microgrid in a coupled power-transportation network: a Stackelberg–Nash game framework","authors":"Yuyang Wan ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Ershun Du ,&nbsp;Xueshan Liu ,&nbsp;Yanbo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Chen ,&nbsp;Chongqing Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and renewable energy sources, the increasing coordination between electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles (HVs) in urban coupled power-transportation networks (CPTNs) fosters optimized energy scheduling and enhanced system performance. This study proposes a two-level Stackelberg-Nash game framework for AFV-integrated microgrids in a CPTN to enhance the economic efficiency of microgrid. This framework employs a Stackelberg game model to define the leader-follower relationship between the microgrid operator and the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) aggregator. Nash equilibrium games are established to capture competitive interactions among charging stations (CSs) and among hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs). Furthermore, an optimal scheduling model is proposed to minimize microgrid operation costs considering the spatiotemporal dynamics and user preferences of EVs and HVs, supported by the proposed dynamic choice model. A game-theoretic pricing and incentive mechanism promotes AFV participation in V2G services, enhancing the profitability of CSs and HRSs. Afterward, a momentum-enhanced Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium algorithm is developed to address the bi-level optimization problem. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving economic efficiency and reducing operation costs. The proposed approach offers an effective solution for integrating large-scale AFV fleets into sustainable urban energy and transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126800"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic-parameter physics-informed neural networks for short-term photovoltaic power prediction: Integrating physics-informed and data driven","authors":"Weiru Wang ,&nbsp;Hanyang Guo ,&nbsp;Shaofeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yechun Xin ,&nbsp;Guoqing Li ,&nbsp;Yanxu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to address the limitations of rigid physical constraints and sample imbalance in traditional hybrid prediction models, this paper proposes a novel short-term photovoltaic (PV) power prediction framework based on dynamic-parameter physical information neural network (DP-PINN). Based on Newton Raphson's optimized <em>K-means++</em> (<em>NBRO-Kmeans++</em>) algorithm, the weather is classified into four types, and compared with <em>K-means++</em>, the silhouette coefficient is increased by 6.6–45.8 %. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is used to dynamically balance minority samples, reducing RMSE by 50.5 % in this case. The physical equations are dynamically adjusted based on weather types, and the triple constraint loss function integrates data fitting, physical derivatives, and equation consistency, and dynamically adjusts the weights related to weather during the training process. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (<em>η</em>) and temperature coefficient (<em>α</em>) are learnable parameters optimized through backpropagation. The effectiveness of this method is verified through one-year operation data simulation of a 50 MW PV power station in China. Case analysis shows that under extreme weather conditions, RMSE is 50.8 % lower than CNN-LSTM, 34.08 % higher on sunny days compared to pure data-driven models, and 25.7 % lower on average RMSE compared to static parameter PINN (SP-PINN). This method provides a universal solution for predicting high volatility renewable energy with enhanced physical interpretability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126764"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the retrofit of coupled Carnot battery in retired coal-fired power units for grid energy storage transformation","authors":"Binghui Li ,&nbsp;Wen Qian ,&nbsp;Xiaoze Du","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the retrofitting of decommissioned coal-fired power plants into long-duration energy storage systems by integrating a Carnot battery. The proposed system couples a high-temperature heat pump, two-tank molten salt thermal energy storage, and the original steam turbine to form a closed-loop electricity–heat–electricity pathway, enabling full reuse of existing infrastructure. A detailed thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate the system's performance under varying working fluids and operating conditions. Results show that argon achieves the highest round-trip efficiency (59.67 %) at a moderate compression ratio, while CO₂ offers superior volumetric power density. Exergy and sensitivity analyses reveal that major irreversibilities occur in the molten salt evaporator and heat pump subsystems. To enhance adaptability under variable conditions, a MATLAB–EBSILON-based closed-loop control strategy is proposed, which reduces exergy losses by up to 16.2 % and improves part-load efficiency. Techno-economic evaluation indicates an annual arbitrage profit of USD 77.01 million, a payback period of 6.39 years, and a levelized cost of storage of 149.09 USD/MWh, significantly lower than mainstream battery technologies. These findings confirm the strong technical and economic viability of the proposed system, offering a scalable pathway for repurposing coal-fired plants and advancing the low-carbon energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126796"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}