Applied Energy最新文献_第2页

Impact of hub height for enhanced performance of wind turbines under varying atmospheric stability 轮毂高度对不同大气稳定性下风力涡轮机性能增强的影响

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126787

Jiufa Cao , Xiang Gao , Xiang Shen , Wei Zhong , Hehe Ren , Shitang Ke

{"title":"Impact of hub height for enhanced performance of wind turbines under varying atmospheric stability","authors":"Jiufa Cao , Xiang Gao , Xiang Shen , Wei Zhong , Hehe Ren , Shitang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While atmospheric stability significantly impacts wind farm performance, the relationship between stability conditions, the influence of hub height, and wake behaviour remains poorly understood, creating a critical barrier to maximizing wind energy efficiency. This study presents the first comprehensive investigation of these coupled effects using Large Eddy Simulation with actuator line modelling, enabling detailed analysis of stability-dependent wake dynamics. Precursor simulations generate realistic unstable, neutral and stable atmospheric inflows, with model validation against Nibe turbine data. Results reveal previously unquantified relationships between stability and wake recovery, with rates varying by up to 37 % between unstable and stable conditions. The investigation of different hub heights shows unexpectedly large stability-dependent benefits, achieving power increases of 10.49 % for single turbines and 10.92 %/8.31 % for upstream/downstream turbines in stable conditions - precisely when wake effects are most problematic. Analysis demonstrates that while increased hub height primarily affects vertical velocity profiles, strategic height adjustment can effectively mitigate wake losses under varying atmospheric conditions. These findings establish new principles for stability-aware wind farm design enhancement, with significant implications for renewable energy deployment efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126787"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transfer learning with composite kernel sparse Gaussian process-aided model for probabilistic state of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries against multi-source coupled harsh scenarios 基于复合核稀疏高斯过程模型的锂离子电池健康状态概率估计迁移学习

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126762

Ran Xiong , Pengfei Zhao , Di Cao , Sen Zhang , Wei Zhan , Ming Tang , Yuning Zhang , Weihao Hu

{"title":"Transfer learning with composite kernel sparse Gaussian process-aided model for probabilistic state of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries against multi-source coupled harsh scenarios","authors":"Ran Xiong , Pengfei Zhao , Di Cao , Sen Zhang , Wei Zhan , Ming Tang , Yuning Zhang , Weihao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH) is crucial for ensuring safety and performance. However, SOH estimation under multi-source coupled harsh scenarios remains challenging due to the synergistic effects of incomplete constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging data, irregular cycle intervals, sparse target battery samples, and adverse temperatures. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel transfer learning-based dual-stage framework that integrates a continuous-time attention gated recurrent unit (CTAGRU) and a composite kernel sparse Gaussian process (CSGP) to enhance adaptability. In the first stage, the CTAGRU is pre-trained using historical data under normal scenarios, where equally-interval discretized outputs of the continuous-time attention (CTA) are transmitted to the gated recurrent unit (GRU) to capture SOH degradation trajectories and supplement missing SOH. In the second stage, with sparse training samples, the CSGP-aided module is introduced to rapidly adapt to the multi-source coupled harsh scenarios. This stage employs a probabilistic compensation mechanism to mitigate residual errors caused by data distribution shifts in CTAGRU estimations while providing quantification uncertainty results. Comparative results with benchmark algorithms and ablation studies show that the proposed model generally performs better across high, low, and wide temperature range conditions. Specifically, the model achieves a maximum reduction in mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coverage width-based criterion (CWC) by 112.74 % and 1914.14, respectively. Additionally, the supplemented SOH aligns well with the overall degradation trends. These results validate that the proposed algorithm effectively supports SOH estimation for lithium-ion batteries against multi-source coupled harsh scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126762"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Curriculum-based deep evolutionary learning for large-scale grid look-ahead transient stability preventive dispatch 基于课程的深度进化学习大规模电网超前暂态稳定预防调度

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126789

Yixi Chen, Jizhong Zhu, Le Zhang, Yun Liu

{"title":"Curriculum-based deep evolutionary learning for large-scale grid look-ahead transient stability preventive dispatch","authors":"Yixi Chen, Jizhong Zhu, Le Zhang, Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the look-ahead transient stability preventive dispatch (LA-TSPD) problem in large-scale power systems. The main objective is to derive look-ahead dispatch strategies in real-time to achieve safe and economical operation of the power grid under credible contingencies. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods have been developed for the same or similar scenarios, but they still suffer from several challenges such as computational inefficiency and poor exploration ability. To overcome these issues, a novel curriculum-based deep evolutionary learning (DEL) method is developed for large-scale LA-TSPD problem. Unlike regular DRL methods, DEL methods introduce perturbations directly in neural network parameter space rather than the action space to facilitate exploration, which makes it particularly well-suited for the highly complex LA-TSPD problem. Besides, drawing on the physics knowledge from LA-TSPD, a novel curriculum-based learning framework is further developed to alleviate the problem complexity in large-scale grids. Numerical simulations on the IEEE 39-bus system, a real 58-bus system, and a large-scale 500-bus system demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) DRL methods, the proposed method shows better solution optimality, training robustness, parallel scalability, as well as adaptability to large-scale power grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126789"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robust subspace tracking in intelligent fault diagnosis of digital twin gas turbines base on the adaptive Markov transfer 基于自适应马尔可夫转移的数字双燃气轮机鲁棒子空间跟踪智能故障诊断

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126747

Rui Wang , Juxi Hu , Dakuan Xin , Siyuan Liu , Ke Zhao

{"title":"Robust subspace tracking in intelligent fault diagnosis of digital twin gas turbines base on the adaptive Markov transfer","authors":"Rui Wang , Juxi Hu , Dakuan Xin , Siyuan Liu , Ke Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas turbines play a crucial role in energy, transport, and the net-zero transition, making secure and efficient operation paramount. Despite advancements in digital twin (DT)-based intelligent fault diagnosis (FD) for gas turbines, real-time accurate condition monitoring and isolation of multiplicative faults remain persistent challenges. These challenges stem from multi-component coupling, the scarcity of labeled fault data, and the presence of data corruption. To address these issues, this study develops an unsupervised adaptive intelligent fault diagnosis strategy employing a five-dimensional DT model and integrating a discrete-time Markov chain with an extended Koopman operator, utilizing subspace tracking techniques. First, a gas turbines state-space prediction model is formulated based on the extended Koopman operator, and in conjunction with a generalized Hankel matrix, a Markov parameter vector and an extended Markov matrix are derived, ultimately yielding a continuous-time nonlinear time-varying state-space system model. Subsequently, utilizing real-time operational data from the gas turbines, the signal principal subspace is updated using Fast Approximate Power Iteration (FAPI) subspace tracking. By aligning this signal principal subspace with the Markov parameter vector and extracting the parameter matrix, online real-time monitoring of gas turbines state parameters is achieved. Furthermore, to enhance robustness against non-standard Gaussian contaminated noise environments, a dynamically adaptive robust subspace tracking method based on α-divergence is proposed. The proposed method's reliability and superiority are demonstrated through extensive experimental results, exhibiting an F1 score above 97 % in all scenarios, which outperforms existing subspace tracking methods under contaminated noise and multiplicative fault conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126747"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing energy management of smart grid using reinforcement learning aided by surrogate models built using physics-informed neural networks 利用物理信息神经网络构建的代理模型辅助强化学习，优化智能电网的能源管理

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126750

Julen Cestero , Carmine Delle Femine , Kenji S. Muro , Marco Quartulli , Marcello Restelli

{"title":"Optimizing energy management of smart grid using reinforcement learning aided by surrogate models built using physics-informed neural networks","authors":"Julen Cestero , Carmine Delle Femine , Kenji S. Muro , Marco Quartulli , Marcello Restelli","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing the energy management within a smart grid scenario presents significant challenges, primarily due to the complexity of real-world systems and the intricate interactions among various components. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is gaining prominence as a solution for addressing the challenges of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) in smart grids. However, RL needs to iterate compulsively throughout a given environment to obtain the optimal policy. This means obtaining samples from a, most likely, costly simulator, which can lead to a sample efficiency problem. In this work, we address this problem by substituting costly smart grid simulators with surrogate models built using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), optimizing the RL policy training process by arriving at convergent results in a fraction of the time employed by the original environment. Specifically, we tested the performance of our PINN surrogate against other state-of-the-art data-driven surrogates and found that the understanding of the underlying physical nature of the problem makes the PINN surrogate the only method we studied capable of learning a good RL policy, in addition to not having to use samples from the real simulator. Our work shows that, by employing PINN surrogates, we can improve training speed by 50 %, compared to training the RL policy without using any surrogate model, enabling us to achieve results with scores on par with the original simulator more rapidly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126750"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The three-phase transport polarization and structural design status of PEM electrolyzer electrodes PEM电解槽电极三相输运极化及结构设计现状

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126808

Wei Xu, KeChuang Wan, XueJian Pei, MingYuan Hua, Bing Li, Jue Wang, Pingwen Ming, Cunman Zhang

{"title":"The three-phase transport polarization and structural design status of PEM electrolyzer electrodes","authors":"Wei Xu, KeChuang Wan, XueJian Pei, MingYuan Hua, Bing Li, Jue Wang, Pingwen Ming, Cunman Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is recognized as a vital method for addressing the climate dependence of renewable energy sources. The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer excels in high current densities and rapid response times, yet its reliance on precious metal catalysts poses challenges for large-scale application due to harsh operational conditions. Low-loading precious metal membrane electrode assemblies can negatively impact both long-term stability and dynamic performance, particularly at elevated current densities due to pronounced three-phase transport polarization losses. To improve energy conversion efficiency, enhanced mass transport is essential, which can be achieved by optimizing channel structures and interfacial properties. This review explores three-phase transport processes, focusing on resistance issues within the proton exchange membrane and catalytic layers while proposing innovative concepts for phase and interlayer interfaces that could advance low precious metal loading electrodes. We summarize structural optimization strategies and field-flow synergy approaches to minimize transport resistances. Overall, we provide insights into the three-phase transport polarization process, address key challenges, and offer conclusions and future directions for improving PEMWE performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126808"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hydrogen supply system utilizing PEMFC exhaust heat and modular metal hydride tanks for hydrogen-powered bicycles 氢动力自行车用PEMFC废热和模块化金属氢化物罐的供氢系统

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126760

Shan Miao , Tomoya Ezawa , Masami Sumita , Koki Harano , Ayane Imai , Noboru Katayama , Kiyoshi Dowaki

{"title":"A hydrogen supply system utilizing PEMFC exhaust heat and modular metal hydride tanks for hydrogen-powered bicycles","authors":"Shan Miao , Tomoya Ezawa , Masami Sumita , Koki Harano , Ayane Imai , Noboru Katayama , Kiyoshi Dowaki","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A compact hydrogen supply system for thermally integrating metal hydride (MH) tanks with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for a hydrogen-powered electric-assist bicycle (H-bike) is proposed. The system recovers the exhaust heat generated by the PEMFC to sustain hydrogen desorption and improve the system's energy efficiency. The results demonstrate that the split-tank strategy decreases thermal and pressure gradients and enhances heat transfer and hydrogen release. The honeycomb tank configuration further improves hydrogen desorption by promoting uniform airflow distribution around each tank, thereby improving exhaust heat utilization from the PEMFC. It employs a layer-adjustable configuration, facilitating the flexible adaptation of MH cartridge quantities to meet hydrogen demand and prevailing road conditions in urban areas. Under a PEMFC power output of 215 W, the system maintains a stable hydrogen flow rate for over 30 min, with a heat recovery efficiency of 22.62 %. Furthermore, increasing the number of MH cartridge layers significantly improves the thermal utilization of the system, achieving a utilization efficiency of 39.90 % with two layers. These findings confirm the feasibility and scalability of the proposed system for H-bike, highlighting its potential as a decentralized hydrogen supply solution for lightweight mobility and urban transportation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126760"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term impacts and design considerations of dual-purpose wave farms for energy generation and coastal protection 发电及海岸防护两用浪场的长期影响及设计考虑

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126805

Avinash Boodoo , Jeffrey S. Cross , Christopher Ridgewell , Ville Kortelainen , Matti Vuorinen , Amina Harouna-Mayer

{"title":"Long-term impacts and design considerations of dual-purpose wave farms for energy generation and coastal protection","authors":"Avinash Boodoo , Jeffrey S. Cross , Christopher Ridgewell , Ville Kortelainen , Matti Vuorinen , Amina Harouna-Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dual use of wave farms for renewable energy generation and coastal protection presents a promising strategy to reduce the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) and improve the economic feasibility of wave energy. However, no prior study has quantified the long-term morphodynamic impacts of wave farms or evaluated how seasonal wave conditions influence energy output and coastal protection effectiveness. This study presents the first integrated assessment of a nearshore WaveRoller Wave Energy Converter (WEC) array over 1-, 10-, and 20-year periods, using a field-validated, coupled depth-averaged (2DH) hydrodynamic, spectral wave, and sediment transport model in Delft3D. Nine deployment configurations were simulated to explore how array layout (spacing and distance from shore) affects wave attenuation, sediment retention, and energy output. Results show that the WaveRoller array produced 562.3 MWh annually per device, with a capacity factor of 18.34 % and a capture efficiency of 49.9 %. The system also retained up to 278,427 m<sup>3</sup> of sediment after 20 years, with a sediment retention per unit area of 1.941 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>. Wave attenuation was greatest during low-to-moderate energy conditions, suggesting year-round protection benefits. Sensitivity analyses revealed a trade-off between energy yield and erosion mitigation, with tighter spacing enhancing sediment retention and moderate distances offshore improving energy yield. By quantifying energy production and erosion mitigation under different design scenarios, this study demonstrates the dual functionality of wave farms and supports their use as multi-functional coastal infrastructure. These results offer a foundation for future techno-economic models that incorporate both energy and coastal protection outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126805"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive mathematical model for chemical membrane degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with considering precipitated Pt formation 考虑沉淀Pt形成的质子交换膜燃料电池化学膜降解综合数学模型

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126795

Yueqiang Zhu, Zhiguo Qu

{"title":"A comprehensive mathematical model for chemical membrane degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with considering precipitated Pt formation","authors":"Yueqiang Zhu, Zhiguo Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical membrane degradation under open-circuit/idling condition results in membrane thinning and gas separation deterioration, which subsequently reduces the durability and lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Traditional membrane degradation models do not consider the existence of precipitated Pt in the membrane. This is the reason why the simulated membrane degradation adjacent to the anode catalyst layer (CL) is more severe than that adjacent to the cathode CL, which is not consistent with the experiment results. To address such an inconsistency, a comprehensive membrane degradation model was developed with consideration of precipitated Pt. In this model, the processes of precipitated Pt formation, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> formation and decomposition, and attack of free radicals on membrane are included. This makes the simulated spatial nonuniformity of membrane degradation notably consistent with the experimental results, which subverts the traditional membrane degradation models. The concentration distributions of O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup>, as well as local potential and ionomer species in the membrane were obtained. Moreover, membrane degradation under various temperatures and relative humidity values was explored. It was found that an increasing temperature weakens the nonuniformity of membrane degradation and that a lowering humidity can inhibit membrane degradation. Finally, the membrane degradation process can be separated into the finite dissociation and fragmented stages, which are dominated by the scission and unzipping of ionomer chains and falling off of short-chain fragments, respectively. This model enables comprehensive understanding of the membrane degradation process and facilitates the development of corresponding mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126795"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large-scale analysis of photovoltaic, photovoltaic-thermal, and solar thermal systems in high-density urban environments 高密度城市环境中光伏、光伏-热和太阳能热系统的大规模分析

IF 11 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126765

Arash Kazemian, Changying Xiang

{"title":"Large-scale analysis of photovoltaic, photovoltaic-thermal, and solar thermal systems in high-density urban environments","authors":"Arash Kazemian, Changying Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban solar energy deployment in high-density environments is often limited by rooftop availability, building height, and shading. This study presents a robust, data-driven framework integrating high-resolution Geographic Information System data, 3D building models, and detailed urban morphology to evaluate the potential of various solar technologies, including standard photovoltaic systems, photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems (e.g., using water, air, or refrigerant as heat transfer media), and solar thermal systems (e.g., flat-plate or evacuated tube collectors with water or air). Using Hong Kong as a case study, the analysis highlights the impact of urban geometry, showing that incorporating shading reduces rooftop solar radiation by 31 %. Among the technologies assessed, photovoltaic-thermal systems demonstrate the highest combined energy yield, generating approximately 15.99 TWh per year (electricity and heat) from 40 % rooftop utilization. Of this, electricity accounts for 4.0 TWh/year—about 8.9 % of Hong Kong's total electricity consumption (44.8 TWh in 2022), which comprises 33 % of its final energy use. In the residential sector, cooling and hot water each account for 25–26 % of energy demand, emphasizing the value of combined thermal and electrical outputs. Thermal results represent theoretical maximums, as building-specific thermal demands were not modelled. This deployment could offset up to 30.8% of current energy imports, lower NOₓ emissions by 44.3%, and decrease smog-forming pollutants by 8.6%. The proposed framework offers a scalable, transferable approach to urban energy planning, enabling cities worldwide to harness rooftop solar energy more effectively for sustainability and climate resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 126765"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0