Applied Energy最新文献_第2页

Battery electric long-haul trucking with overnight charging in the United States: A comprehensive costing and emissions analysis

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125443

Kariana Moreno Sader , Sayandeep Biswas , Rob Jones , Marian Mennig , Reza Rezaei , William H. Green

{"title":"Battery electric long-haul trucking with overnight charging in the United States: A comprehensive costing and emissions analysis","authors":"Kariana Moreno Sader , Sayandeep Biswas , Rob Jones , Marian Mennig , Reza Rezaei , William H. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a costing and emissions analysis of long-haul battery electric trucks (BETs) with overnight charging for the U.S. market. The energy requirements of a long-haul truck for a 600-mile (966 km) real-world driving range determine battery sizes. The battery masses are used along with a fleet-replacement model and the U.S. payload distribution to compute payload losses for two different chemistries, Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) and Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP). With present battery energy densities, BET fleets require 6% (NMC) or 27% (LFP) more trucks to move the same cargo as today’s diesel fleet. The cost of electricity delivered using high-power overnight chargers is analyzed. Our baseline scenario estimates 0.32 USD/kWh, and it only decreases to 0.15 USD/kWh for the optimistic scenario. Currently, we compute the total cost of ownership for BETs to be more than twice (<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>2x) that of diesel trucks, however, the price premium is projected to decrease significantly to 1.2x in the long term. BETs could become economically competitive with diesel if the delivered cost of electricity drops below 0.1 USD/kWh, and if we realize projected improvements in battery energy density and cost. Our emissions analysis shows negligible greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits from switching to BETs today, primarily due to the carbon intensity of electricity generation. In the long term, we project BETs to have 40% less GHG emissions than diesel. Today, BETs are not well-suited for the long-haul trucking sector. However, short-haul trucking could potentially benefit from electrification, and battery-swapping could significantly benefit long-haul BET, hence we encourage further investigation. Our analysis framework is provided as a Google Colab Notebook that can be modified to assist these needed future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125443"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization and analysis of reliquefaction system utilizing hydrogen as refrigerant for liquid hydrogen carriers

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125490

Minsoo Choi , Wongwan Jung , Sangmin Ji , Jinkwang Lee

{"title":"Optimization and analysis of reliquefaction system utilizing hydrogen as refrigerant for liquid hydrogen carriers","authors":"Minsoo Choi , Wongwan Jung , Sangmin Ji , Jinkwang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a reliquefaction system utilizing a reverse Brayton cycle with hydrogen as a refrigerant to handle boil-off hydrogen (BOH) generated within liquid hydrogen carriers operating in oceanic routes from a thermodynamic perspective is proposed. Furthermore, optimization targeting specific energy consumption (SEC) as the fitness function was performed using a genetic algorithm. Subsequently, an economic analysis was conducted at the equipment unit level for the reliquefaction system. Thermodynamic analysis of the optimized system revealed a SEC of 5.028 kWh/kg and an exergy efficiency of 44.48 %. During optimization, the circulation rates of BOH and refrigerant decreased, leading to a significant reduction in the exergy destruction within the heat exchangers and an improvement in the system efficiency. Notably, the optimization results indicated the significant influence of the heat exchange conditions in the heat exchangers on the overall system efficiency. It is also worth noting that the optimal BOH compression pressure was approximately 25 bara, which is similar to the pressure of the raw material hydrogen used as a feed gas in onshore hydrogen liquefaction systems. This suggests that the design experience gained from manufacturing equipment for onshore hydrogen liquefaction systems can provide significant benefits when producing equipment for onboard BOH reliquefaction systems. Economic analysis revealed that in the optimized system, it costs USD 1.09 to reliquefy 1 kg of BOH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125490"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributionally robust coordinated day-ahead scheduling of Cascade pumped hydro energy storage system and DC transmission

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125449

Mao Liu , Xiangyu Kong , Jijian Lian , Jimin Wang , Bohan Yang

{"title":"Distributionally robust coordinated day-ahead scheduling of Cascade pumped hydro energy storage system and DC transmission","authors":"Mao Liu , Xiangyu Kong , Jijian Lian , Jimin Wang , Bohan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale wind and solar power integration introduces significant operational uncertainty to power systems. To enhance the system's economic efficiency and reliability, this paper investigates the coordinated day-ahead scheduling of a multi-energy power system incorporating a cascade pumped hydro energy storage (CPHES) system and DC transmission. We propose a joint optimization model that minimizes the total system operating cost and renewable energy curtailment penalty, explicitly considering the flexible regulation capabilities of CPHES, DC transmission power losses, and various operational constraints. To effectively manage the uncertainty associated with wind and solar power forecasts, we develop a novel two-stage distributionally robust optimization (DRO) scheduling method based on moment information. This method constructs a moment-based ambiguity set, incorporating mean, variance, and skewness information, to effectively capture the uncertainty. Leveraging linearization techniques, duality theory, linear decision rules, and matrix transformations, the original problem is reformulated into a tractable mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Case studies based on a modified IEEE 73-bus system and a real large-scale hydro-thermal power system in Brazil demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces system operating costs, improves wind and solar power accommodation, and enhances the system's resilience to output uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125449"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-effective scheduling of a hydrogen-based iron and steel plant powered by a grid-assisted renewable energy system

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125412

Pengfei Su , Yue Zhou , Hongyi Li , Hector D. Perez , Jianzhong Wu

{"title":"Cost-effective scheduling of a hydrogen-based iron and steel plant powered by a grid-assisted renewable energy system","authors":"Pengfei Su , Yue Zhou , Hongyi Li , Hector D. Perez , Jianzhong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The iron and steel industry contributes approximately 25% of global industrial CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions, necessitating substantial decarbonisation efforts. Hydrogen-based iron and steel plants (HISPs), which utilise hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ore followed by electric arc furnace steelmaking, have attracted substantial research interest. However, commercialisation of HISPs faces economic feasibility issues due to the high electricity costs of hydrogen production. To improve economic feasibility, HISPs are jointly powered by local renewable generators and bulk power grid, i.e., by a grid-assisted renewable energy system. Given the variability of renewable energy generation and time-dependent electricity prices, flexible scheduling of HISP production tasks is essential to reduce electricity costs. However, cost-effectively scheduling of HISP production tasks is non-trivial, as it is subject to critical operational constraints, arising from the tight coupling and distinct operational characteristics of HISPs sub-processes. To address the above issues, this paper proposes an integrated resource-task network (RTN) to elaborately model the critical operational constraints, such as resource balance, task execution, and transfer time. More specifically, each sub-process is first modelled as an individual RTN, which is then seamlessly integrated through boundary dependency constraints. By embedding the formulated operational constraints into optimisation, a cost-effective scheduling model is developed for HISPs powered by the grid-assisted renewable energy system. Numerical results demonstrate that, compared to conventional scheduling approaches, the proposed method significantly reduces total operational costs across various production scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125412"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detailed system modeling of a vanadium redox flow battery operating at various geographical locations

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125473

Bence Sziffer, Martin János Mayer, Viktor Józsa

{"title":"Detailed system modeling of a vanadium redox flow battery operating at various geographical locations","authors":"Bence Sziffer, Martin János Mayer, Viktor Józsa","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To avoid thermal precipitation, the electrolyte temperature of vanadium redox flow batteries should be within 5–40 °C. Consequently, an online thermal management system is essential, which impacts battery efficiency. A detailed thermal analysis was performed that considered a container, inner thermal radiation, global irradiance, and the thermal relationship between the system and the ambient at eight different weather stations with different climates around the globe. To meet the safe operation threshold criteria, a hybrid thermal management system was used to minimize heating and cooling energy consumption, consisting of control dampers, cooling fans, air conditioners, and heating and cooling electrolyte flows. The simulations were performed during the coldest and hottest 10-day periods of the year to determine the necessary insulation thickness and the energy consumption of cooling and heating; the latter was only required for one location. The presented thermal management system consumes up to 11 % of the total input power in extremely hot weather conditions. The simulation results show that efficiency increases with the decrease in ambient temperature until heating becomes necessary. The presented model helps predict the efficiency at any geographical location before battery installation and evaluates the need for various heating and cooling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125473"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data centers waste heat recovery technologies: Review and evaluation

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125489

Yueting Hao , Haojie Zhou , Tong Tian , Wei Zhang , Xin Zhou , Qingfei Shen , Tong Wu , Ji Li

{"title":"Data centers waste heat recovery technologies: Review and evaluation","authors":"Yueting Hao , Haojie Zhou , Tong Tian , Wei Zhang , Xin Zhou , Qingfei Shen , Tong Wu , Ji Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With a growing focus on energy-saving and emission-reduction efforts in data centers, waste heat recovery technology is urgently needed because of the high energy consumption in data centers. Considering the four-level architecture of data center energy efficiency management systems, a detailed review of waste heat flow in data centers and waste heat recovery technologies is conducted. To accurately calculate and compare the relative efficiency of different forms of waste heat recovery technologies, this work proposes a novel model based on exergy theory that first converts the waste heat recovery energy into the equivalent electrical energy as the basis for calculation. A new relative exergy efficiency indicator of waste heat recovery in term of the amount of equivalent electrical energy recovered from waste heat ε<sub>re</sub> is then suggested and calculated for the comprehensive evaluation of currently available waste heat recovery technologies. The model can be used to evaluate system efficiency comprehensively. Meanwhile, it provides a reliable and feasible quantitative analysis for the selection and improvement of waste heat recovery systems, thus promoting data center energy management and carbon reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125489"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transitioning the mining sector: A review of renewable energy integration and carbon footprint reduction strategies

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125484

Michael Enemuo, Olumide Ogunmodimu

{"title":"Transitioning the mining sector: A review of renewable energy integration and carbon footprint reduction strategies","authors":"Michael Enemuo, Olumide Ogunmodimu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review evaluates the critical role of renewable energy (RE) integration and carbon footprint reduction strategies in transitioning the mining sector toward sustainability. The paper first explores current energy practices and available RE sources in mining, highlighting the industry's significant contribution to global carbon dioxide emissions. Subsequently, it analyzes the potential of RE interventions, focusing on doubling renewable capacity and achieving over 50 % RE mix by 2050. Furthermore, the review investigates the impact of energy efficiency improvements, the importance of energy auditing, and the feasibility of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies in the mining context. Additionally, the paper compares business-as-usual and aggressive (accelerated) RE integration scenarios, demonstrating the transformative potential of RE adoption. Finally, the review concludes by offering actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders and policymakers and identifying critical areas for future research. In general, this study provides a holistic view of the obstacles and possibilities in decarbonizing the activities in the mining sector, emphasizing the crucial balance between environmental sustainability and economic viability in this energy-intensive industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125484"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A physics-based and data-aided transient prediction framework for sustainable operation of pumped-storage hydropower systems

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125470

Weichao Ma , Zhigao Zhao , Chengpeng Liu , Fei Chen , Weijia Yang , Wei Zeng , Elena Vagnoni , Jiandong Yang

{"title":"A physics-based and data-aided transient prediction framework for sustainable operation of pumped-storage hydropower systems","authors":"Weichao Ma , Zhigao Zhao , Chengpeng Liu , Fei Chen , Weijia Yang , Wei Zeng , Elena Vagnoni , Jiandong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving accurate predictions of transient processes for pumped-storage hydropower stations (PSHSs) remains a key challenge due to uncertainties in on-site parameters, particularly the pump-turbine characteristic curves (PTCCs), and limitations of the physics-based models themselves. To address this issue, this study proposes a transient prediction framework for PSHSs, centered on on-site measurements and incorporating both the physics-based model calibration and the data-aided correction. A method for reconstructing PTCCs using point distribution models (PDMs) is proposed, where PDMs act as prior models and are innovatively developed by defining multiple feature points on PTCCs to accommodate potential non-rigid deformations. This approach allows the reconstruction of complete PTCCs using a surface reconstruction algorithm, requiring only limited measured data from steady-state and transient experiments. To further compensate for errors in the physics-based model, a data-aided correction using nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) is proposed. The NARX model is optimally tuned by selecting the most sensitive model inputs which have the highest correlations with the predicted error of the physics-based model. Compared with the conventional model, the proposed framework reduces the predicted tendency errors for discharge, pressure at the volute, pressure at the draft tube, and rotational speed by average values of 10.82 %, 13.88 %, 36.67 %, and 7.37 %, respectively, across all experimental cases. The proposed transient prediction framework enables highly accurate predictions for a diverse range of transient processes of PSHSs and serves as a pre-warning basis for real-time monitoring systems, facilitating the sustainable operation of PSHSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125470"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collaborative optimization of vehicle and charging scheduling for mixed bus systems considering charging load balance

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125457

Guang-Jing Zhou, Xiao-Mei Zhao, Xiang-Yuan Zhu, Dong-Fan Xie

{"title":"Collaborative optimization of vehicle and charging scheduling for mixed bus systems considering charging load balance","authors":"Guang-Jing Zhou, Xiao-Mei Zhao, Xiang-Yuan Zhu, Dong-Fan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread development of electric buses, the impact of charging scheduling on peak grid loads and fluctuations has become increasingly significant. Existing studies primarily focus on dynamically adjustable charging power to mitigate charging load peak or fluctuations. However, these strategies gradually adjust the charging power too frequently and are based on predetermined vehicle scheduling, resulting in poor applicability. To address this issue, a segmented adjustable charging power strategy (SACP) in charging scheduling is proposed that simultaneously considers reducing the fluctuations and the peak of the charging load. Meanwhile, this study proposes a collaborative optimization model for both vehicle and charging scheduling of a mixed bus system that comprising electric human-driven buses and electric autonomous modular buses. The objective is to minimize peak loads and fluctuations on the grid, while also reducing operating costs for bus enterprises. An improved NSGA-II algorithm is developed to solve the collaborative optimization model, incorporating an objective-oriented strategy in the initial solution to enhance search efficiency and solution quality. Case studies demonstrate that the SACP strategy significantly reduces peak grid loads and fluctuation costs compared with a fixed charging power scenario, thereby achieving balanced charging loads. Furthermore, compared to the charging scheduling strategy alone, the SACP strategy exhibits a significant reduction in fluctuation cost of charging load by 50% and the peak cost of charging load by 21.6%, thereby ensuring the stability of charging load for both the system and charging events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy-efficient driving for distributed electric vehicles considering wheel loss energy: A distributed strategy based on multi-agent architecture

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125462

Yufu Liang, Wanzhong Zhao, Jinwei Wu, Kunhao Xu, Xiaochuan Zhou, Zhongkai Luan, Chunyan Wang

{"title":"Energy-efficient driving for distributed electric vehicles considering wheel loss energy: A distributed strategy based on multi-agent architecture","authors":"Yufu Liang, Wanzhong Zhao, Jinwei Wu, Kunhao Xu, Xiaochuan Zhou, Zhongkai Luan, Chunyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed electric vehicles equipped with four-wheel independent drive (4WID) and four-wheel independent steering (4WIS) systems offer trajectory tracking performance and energy-saving potential. However, the challenge remains in how to coordinate the steering angles and torques of the four wheels to balance both tracking accuracy and energy efficiency. Distributed control, which trades design complexity for control flexibility, is able to differentiate the control of different wheels according to the vehicle's driving state to reduce wheel loss energy, providing a new perspective for improving the energy-efficient potential of vehicles. In this paper, a physical-data-driven distributed predictive control strategy is proposed within a distributed control framework, and multi-agent vehicle and wheel energy consumption models are constructed. To address the increased energy consumption and reduced trajectory tracking accuracy caused by model mismatches, a novel physical-data-driven predictive model-building approach is introduced, with real-time updates facilitated by the Givens Rotation and forgetting mechanism. The weights of the optimization objective function are dynamically adjusted according to changes in the wheel states to achieve comprehensive optimization of trajectory tracking and energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy significantly reduces driving energy consumption while improving trajectory tracking performance. Under the CLTC-P cycle condition, energy loss is reduced by 11.5 %; under S-curve and double lane change steering conditions, energy losses are reduced by 15.0 % and 16.6 %, respectively. These results fully validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"384 ","pages":"Article 125462"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0