欧洲大规模氢供应链的环境和经济评估：LOHC与其他氢技术

IF 11 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126862

I. Rey, V.L. Barrio, I. Agirre

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引用次数: 0

摘要

向脱碳能源系统的过渡使氢成为实现气候中和的关键载体，但其大规模运输和储存仍然是关键挑战。本研究对大型氢气供应链进行了综合生命周期评估（LCA）和经济分析，对基于苄基甲苯/过氢苄基甲苯（H0-BT/H12-BT）的液态有机氢载体（LOHC）体系与传统的压缩气态氢（CGH2）、液态氢（LH2）和液态氨（LNH3）技术进行了对比。该分析包括欧洲各地的多种氢气运输方案，考虑了以下步骤：调节、海运、后处理和卡车或管道陆路配送。在环境方面，由于能源密集型脱氢过程的驱动，LOHC目前面临比CGH2更大的环境影响。卡车配送进一步放大了影响，特别是在长距离运输中，而管道配送则大大减少了基础设施存在的环境负担。敏感性分析显示，使用H2作为脱氢热降低了工艺层面的影响，但增加了整体供应链的影响，质疑其净环境效益。从经济角度来看，尽管脱氢成本高，但LOHC仍具有竞争力，这得益于海上运输费用低，与现有化石燃料基础设施兼容，以及未来CAPEX和OPEX改善的潜力。虽然CGH2优于LH2和LNH3，避免了能源密集型液化和裂解，但其存储要求增加了相当大的成本。对于土地分配，LOHC卡车在较低的容量下是最佳的，而重新利用的天然气管道在较大的规模上有利于CGH2，可将成本降低84%。尽管目前需要权衡，但LOHC的可扩展性、灵活性和与现有基础设施的协同作用使其成为长距离氢气输送的有希望的解决方案，这取决于技术的成熟程度，以减轻脱氢的影响。

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Environmental and economic assessment of large-scale hydrogen supply chains across Europe: LOHC vs other hydrogen technologies

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Environmental and economic assessment of large-scale hydrogen supply chains across Europe: LOHC vs other hydrogen technologies

The transition to decarbonized energy systems positions hydrogen as a critical vector for achieving climate neutrality, yet its large-scale transportation and storage remain key challenges. This study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic analysis of large-scale H₂ supply chains, evaluating the liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system based on benzyltoluene/perhydro-benzyltoluene (H0-BT/H12-BT) against conventional technologies: compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH₂), liquid hydrogen (LH₂) and liquid ammonia (LNH₃). The analysis includes multiple H₂ transportation scenarios across Europe, considering the steps: conditioning, sea transportation, post-processing and land distribution by truck or pipeline. Environmentally, LOHC currently faces higher environmental impacts than CGH₂, driven by energy-intensive dehydrogenation process. Truck-based distribution further amplifies impacts, particularly over long distances, while pipeline-based distribution significantly reduces the environmental burdens where infrastructure exists. Sensitivity analysis reveals that using H₂ for dehydrogenation heat lowers process-level impacts but increases overall supply chain impacts, questioning its net environmental benefit. Economically, LOHC remains competitive despite high dehydrogenation costs, benefiting from low sea transportation expenses, compatibility with existing fossil fuel infrastructure and potential for future CAPEX and OPEX improvements. While CGH₂ outperforms LH₂ and LNH₃, avoiding energy-intensive liquefaction and cracking, its storage requirements add considerable costs. For land distribution, LOHC trucks are optimal at lower capacities, whereas repurposed natural gas pipelines favour CGH₂ at higher scale, reducing costs by up to 84 %. Despite current trade-offs, the scalability, flexibility and synergies with existing infrastructure position LOHC as a promising solution for long-distance H₂ transport, contingent on technological maturation to mitigate dehydrogenation impacts.

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来源期刊

Applied Energy 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

21.20

自引率

10.70%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Applied Energy serves as a platform for sharing innovations, research, development, and demonstrations in energy conversion, conservation, and sustainable energy systems. The journal covers topics such as optimal energy resource use, environmental pollutant mitigation, and energy process analysis. It welcomes original papers, review articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts that bridge the gap between research, development, and implementation. The journal addresses a wide spectrum of topics, including fossil and renewable energy technologies, energy economics, and environmental impacts. Applied Energy also explores modeling and forecasting, conservation strategies, and the social and economic implications of energy policies, including climate change mitigation. It is complemented by the open-access journal Advances in Applied Energy.