Ling-Yun Du , Hui-Hu Lu , Ze-Zhou Xing , Yi-Nan Wang , Jian-Shan Han , Yong-Zou
{"title":"Effects of σ phase embrittlement and Al addition on the ductile-brittle transition in super ferritic stainless steels","authors":"Ling-Yun Du , Hui-Hu Lu , Ze-Zhou Xing , Yi-Nan Wang , Jian-Shan Han , Yong-Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precipitation evolution and mechanical behaviour of Al-modified and Al-free super ferritic stainless steels (SFSSs) subjected to hot-rolling and isothermal aging at 850 °C were investigated comparatively. Experimental results revealed that hot-rolled samples devoid of Al exhibited elongated fibre microstructure including many sub-grain boundaries and shear bands, whereas a surface recrystallization layer was observed in Al-modified samples. During isothermal aging, σ, χ, and Laves phases were observed in Al-free samples, whereas primarily Laves phases and a small σ phase were identified in 1.0 wt%Al samples. Rolling deformation accelerated the σ phase precipitation kinetic, whereas the addition of Al inhibited σ phase precipitation and promoted Laves-phase precipitation. The bulky σ phase precipitation caused the cleavage fracture in SFSSs owing to the high critical resolved shear stress for dislocation glide on {110}<001>, {100}<001>, {100}<010>, and {111}<0-11> slip systems and the easy crack initiation and propagation in the σ phase during tensile test. Despite being aged for 16 h, Al-modified SFSSs exhibited a significant elongation of 22.6 %. This study highlights that Al addition would facilitate not only the low-temperature hot rolling of SFSSs but also SFSS production without the need for solution treatment prior to cold rolling, thereby offering a promising short-process approach for industrial manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaotian Yao , Qiannan Wang , Sen Chen , Yuan Wang , Siyuan Wei , Kwang Boon Lau , Pei Wang , Chengda Dai , Jianbo Hu
{"title":"Precipitation and TRIP enhanced spallation resistance of additive manufactured M350 steel","authors":"Xiaotian Yao , Qiannan Wang , Sen Chen , Yuan Wang , Siyuan Wei , Kwang Boon Lau , Pei Wang , Chengda Dai , Jianbo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the spall damage and microstructural deformation behaviors of a heat-treated, hierarchical structured 18 wt% Ni-350 maraging steel (M350) produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) under shock loading. The samples were shock-loaded along different orientations with peak shock stresses ranging from 7.0 GPa to 10.5 GPa. Experimental results demonstrate that the M350 exhibits ultra-high spall strength of 5.01–5.89 GPa and 4.53–4.99 GPa when loading perpendicularly and parallel to the building direction, respectively. Spall damage is characterized as a typical transgranular brittle fracture with {100} cleavage planes within the block. The observed superior mechanical performance is attributed to the precipitation strengthening and the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. Dislocation slip cuts through the Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti precipitates, causing them to fracture, simultaneously, high density precipitates impede dislocation movement according to the Orowan mechanism, preventing the formation of microcracks. The residual austenite undergoes martensitic transformation with the formation of new secondary laths with widths of 20–60 nm to accommodate localized plastic deformations, which creates a large number of grain boundaries and leads to grain refinement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147547"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabetta Gariboldi , Matteo Molteni , Diego Andree Vargas Vargas , Konstantin Naumenko
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical response and form-stability of a fully metallic composite phase change material: Dilatometric tests and finite element analysis","authors":"Elisabetta Gariboldi , Matteo Molteni , Diego Andree Vargas Vargas , Konstantin Naumenko","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite Phase Change Materials (C-PCMs), such as immiscible Al-Sn alloys are designed to store and release heat as a result of the phase transformation of one of the phases, i.e., Sn in this case. The volume changes induced by melting and solidification of the low-melting Sn phase as well as the different thermal expansion of solid Al and Sn phases induces stress fields during thermal cycles. Repeated experimental dilatometric tests were performed on the above C-PCM to check their microstructural stability as well as its effect on their form-stability, i.e., capability to recover the initial shape under various potential cyclic service conditions.</div><div>Analysis of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the two phases, as well as the overall one, have been investigated under the simple thermal profiles reproducing dilatometric tests. A finite element model of fully dense Al-Sn C-PCM, where a single spherical inclusion of Sn is surrounded by Al matrix, is generated and numerical thermo-mechanical analysis is performed. The thermal-dependence of elastoplastic-behaviour, thermal expansivity and other thermophysical properties of the 2 solid phases has been modelled, together with compressibility of liquid Sn. The simulations illustrate the overall material behaviour as well as the local thermomechanical response. The results for the slopes of elongation vs temperature curves agree well with experimental data from dilatometric tests, for which form-stability is observed from the third cycle. The results also suggested that the plastic deformation of the only regions of Al phase surrounding the Sn inclusion accommodates its expansion during heating and melting. In these latter regions, at the end of a dilatometric cycle, compressive strain in radial direction reaches a maximum value of 0.1 %, higher than overall strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147562"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T.N. Odiaka , G. Asala , O.T. Ola , O.A. Ojo , I.N.A. Oguocha , A.G. Odeshi
{"title":"The effects of loading direction on the dynamic impact response of additively manufactured M350 maraging steel-Al0.5CoCrFeNi1.5 hybrid plates","authors":"T.N. Odiaka , G. Asala , O.T. Ola , O.A. Ojo , I.N.A. Oguocha , A.G. Odeshi","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the impressive impact strength of maraging steels, which informs their application in the defence industry, they are highly susceptible to cracking resulting from adiabatic shear band (ASB) nucleation when subjected to dynamic loading. Hence, a potential solution to mitigate this problem is needed. In this study, a hybrid plate containing layers of M350 maraging steel and Al<sub>0.5</sub>CoCrFeNi<sub>1.5</sub> high entropy alloy was fabricated using laser-based directed energy deposition (L-DED) additive manufacturing with the aim of combining the high impact strength of M350 maraging steel with the ductility and ASB-resistant properties of Al<sub>0.5</sub>CoCrFeNi<sub>1.5</sub>. To determine the effect of loading direction on the impact strength and absorbed energy of the hybrid specimens, cylindrical specimens, with the layers oriented longitudinally and transversely to the cylinder's axis, were cut out of the hybrid plate. High-strain rate testing was performed using an instrumented split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to determine the dynamic mechanical response of the specimens. Statistical analyses of the results using generalised additive models (GAM) showed that layer orientation with respect to the direction of impact significantly affects the hybrid specimens' impact strength and absorbed energy. The longitudinally oriented specimens demonstrated superior impact strength across all tested impact momenta. However, the transversely oriented specimens showed higher absorbed energy up to an impact momentum of 32.8 kg ms<sup>−1</sup>. The Al<sub>0.5</sub>CoCrFeNi<sub>1.5</sub> layer contributed significantly to energy absorption, strain hardening, and the inhibition of ASB propagation in the hybrid specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Peng , Shibo Zhou , Jia She , Aitao Tang , Shuai Long , Qingshan Yang , Qingwei Dai , Jianyue Zhang , Fusheng Pan
{"title":"A novel strategy for preparing gradient grained Mg alloy by normal extrusion process","authors":"Peng Peng , Shibo Zhou , Jia She , Aitao Tang , Shuai Long , Qingshan Yang , Qingwei Dai , Jianyue Zhang , Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel strategy for fabricating gradient-grained Mg alloys, consisting of equiaxed ultrafine grains (UFG) and bimodal grains, has been developed through normal extrusion processing of the Mg-Mn binary alloy. The gradient-grained structure was created by a gradient strain field from a stepped structure in extrusion die. The gradient strain leads to the foundation for subsequent gradient grain nucleation and also prompts the occurrence of dynamic precipitates at the low angle grain boundaries, which is also distributed in a gradient manner and plays a vital role in impeding grain boundary migration. By combining gradient nucleation and pinning effect, a gradient microstructure is successfully achieved in the Mg-2.0Mn binary alloy using the normal extrusion process. The Mg-2.0Mn alloy with a gradient-grain structure, exhibits exceptional mechanical strength and ductility. The presence of the gradient structure effectively enhances the work-hardening rate, attributed to the synergistic effect of the ultrafine and bimodal grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147557"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guishen Zhou , Yuexin Chu , Fuyu Dong , Yue Zhang , Kun Liu , Binbin Wang , Liangshun Luo , Yanqing Su , Xiaoguang Yuan , Weidong Li , Peter K. Liaw , Jun Cheng
{"title":"Conspicuous rejuvenation of plasma-assisted hydrogenated Zr-based bulk metallic glasses via deep cryogenic cycling treatment","authors":"Guishen Zhou , Yuexin Chu , Fuyu Dong , Yue Zhang , Kun Liu , Binbin Wang , Liangshun Luo , Yanqing Su , Xiaoguang Yuan , Weidong Li , Peter K. Liaw , Jun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain a greater degree of a deep cryogenic cycle treatment (DCT)-induced rejuvenation, Zr-based bulk metallic glass samples were prepared under a mixed argon/hydrogen atmosphere prior to the deep cryogenic cycling treatment. The degree of rejuvenation is quantified by the increase of relaxation enthalpy Δ<em>H</em><sub>rel</sub> measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The purpose of this pretreatment was to change the chemical heterogeneity through the <em>in situ</em> absorption of hydrogen during melting and solidification. It was found that the hydrogenated specimens were more sensitive to DCT and exceeded the rejuvenation upper limit of uncharged specimens. The results were compared with previous reports, which further highlighted the distinctive advantage of the H-charged specimens for DCT. Furthermore, the plasticity of the hydrogenated metallic glass was enhanced significantly after DCT, as supported by hardness, compression ductility, and nanoindentation creep data. It is crucial to understand that DCT-induced rejuvenation is related to the content of hydrogen and may provide a new avenue to improve the mechanical properties or functional characteristics of BMG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changhao Zhou , Xinyu Yan , Dan Liu , Xingchen Xu , Junfeng Cui , Mengyao Li , Chun Yuan , Hairong Li , Yilong Liang
{"title":"Simultaneously achieving strength-ductility in additive-manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy via ultrasonic surface rolling process","authors":"Changhao Zhou , Xinyu Yan , Dan Liu , Xingchen Xu , Junfeng Cui , Mengyao Li , Chun Yuan , Hairong Li , Yilong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additively manufactured alloys have a great potential in engineering field, but there still have many issues to be addressed, i.e., the reliability, strength-ductility trade-off of manufactured parts. In this study, a treatment called ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) was utilized to achieve superior strength and ductility in the Ti6Al4V alloy prepared via electron beam melting (EBM). The treated additive-manufactured alloy obtained various gradient microstructures and excellent surface quality, as well as its mechanical properties were significantly improved. Especially, the USRP-3 specimen exhibited a high elongation of 17.1 ± 0.9 % and a good ultimate tensile strength of 1043 ± 5.0 MPa, which were both higher than those of untreated specimen; the fine laminated structure with a preferred orientation of (<span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>) direction and gradient structure promoted the hardening capacity and provided the rich dislocations sources, taking a better strength-ductility combination. In addition, the surface microhardness of the multi-pass processed specimen was markedly enhanced. However, excessive USRP treatment would induce micro-cracks in the nano-composite layer, resulting in a significant reduction in ductility. Therefore, appropriate USRP treatment is expected to expand the application range of additive-manufactured metallic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruohan Zhao, Lulu Li, Zhenhua Nie, Zongqing Ma, Qianying Guo
{"title":"Effects of pre-heating induced interfacial diffusion on microstructure and related mechanical properties of direct laser metal deposited Inconel 625 superalloy on a Cu-Cr-Zr substrate","authors":"Ruohan Zhao, Lulu Li, Zhenhua Nie, Zongqing Ma, Qianying Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper-based alloys possess outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity, making them popular in the electronic and aerospace industries. However, its low hardness makes it vulnerable to failure in harsh service environments, which require surface coating. By using the direct laser metal deposition method to coat harder alloys on the surface of Cu alloys, the challenge of this copper alloy's high laser reflectivity was noted. To solve this problem, both substrate preheating and high-power LMD methods were employed, which established an excellent metallurgical bonding between the coating and substrate with a 2 μm diffusion layer and enhanced the Cu-Cr-Zr substrate's hardness and wear resistance. Due to the presence of copper elements in the fusion zone, the constituent supercooling zone is increased, resulting in a finer columnar crystal structure in the fusion zone. Such elements exchange process during LMD produces will also improve the mechanical properties of the Cu-Cr-Zr substrate by solid solution strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Rahimi , Morteza Yazdizadeh , Masoud Vatan Ara , Majid Pouranvari
{"title":"Strength and ductility of additively manufactured 310 austenitic stainless steel via wire-arc directed energy deposition: The role of columnar grain growth and ductility-dip cracking","authors":"Ali Rahimi , Morteza Yazdizadeh , Masoud Vatan Ara , Majid Pouranvari","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the underlying factors governing the mechanical properties of single-wall additively manufactured SS 310 austenitic stainless steel via wire-arc directed energy deposition. It demonstrates the predominant microstructural feature in the printed SS 310 stainless steel is the formation of epitaxial large columnar austenite grains, which promotes the occurrence of sub-solidus solid-state ductility-dip cracking (DDC) during the multi-layer additive manufacturing process. While the yield strength and tensile strength of wire-arc additively manufactured SS 310 are comparable to those of wrought annealed AISI 310, the short micro-cracks and the presence of δ-ferrite hinder the work hardening rate and uniform elongation. Additionally, micro-cracks promote void nucleation during the ductile fracture process, resulting in a noteworthy reduction in post-necking elongation and energy absorption capability. The stress-strain behavior of the manufactured part exhibits anisotropy due to the growth of columnar grains, the heterogeneous periodic microstructure, and the orientation of the ductility-dip cracks. To fully harness the potential of wire-arc additive manufacturing as a cost-effective and sustainable manufacturing process, it is imperative to optimize the grain structure and minimize residual stress to eliminate the occurrence of DDC in the production of SS 310 austenitic stainless steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujiao Ke , Bin Fu , Chong Peng , Ze Qiao , Kaiyao Wang , Yue Dong , Hu Tang , Zhefeng Xu , Kazuhiro Matsugi
{"title":"Effects of TiB2 particles on deformation behavior, softening mechanisms and recrystallization texture of hot-compressed Fe-TiB2 composites","authors":"Yujiao Ke , Bin Fu , Chong Peng , Ze Qiao , Kaiyao Wang , Yue Dong , Hu Tang , Zhefeng Xu , Kazuhiro Matsugi","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2024.147540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe-TiB<sub>2</sub> composites, also termed as high modulus steel, offer a promising solution to the challenge of achieving both lightweight and high stiffness materials. However, the presence of TiB<sub>2</sub> particles in Fe-TiB<sub>2</sub> composites results in poor hot-workability. Therefore, understanding the effects of TiB<sub>2</sub> particles on the hot deformation behavior, dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and microstructural evolution of Fe-TiB<sub>2</sub> composites is crucial for optimizing their hot-working process. In this study, we elucidated the effects of TiB<sub>2</sub> particles on deformation behavior and dynamic softening behavior by conducting a series of isothermal compression tests on as-cast Fe-TiB<sub>2</sub> composites and as-cast base alloys (control group) at temperatures of 800–1200 °C, strains of 0.36–1.2, and strain rates of 0.01–1 s⁻<sup>1</sup>. Using electron backscatter diffraction, we characterized the microstructures of composites and base alloys, showing that TiB<sub>2</sub> particles induce a DRX process through particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) at low temperatures and promote continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) at high temperatures. The presence of TiB<sub>2</sub> particles have significantly affected the dislocation movement and distribution, which changes the deformation energy distribution and thus facilitates different DRX behaviors under various thermal deformation conditions. Additionally, the microstructure resulting from DRX through PSN exhibits significant texture weakening and grain refinement, presenting a promising method for fabricating ultrafine-grained Fe-TiB<sub>2</sub> composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"920 ","pages":"Article 147540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}