Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献

{"title":"Microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of a nuclear Zircaloy-4 alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeming Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yao ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Hao ,&nbsp;Yujiang Xie ,&nbsp;Guanyu Chai ,&nbsp;Wei Fan ,&nbsp;Hua Tan ,&nbsp;Xin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing, particularly laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), offers transformative potential for fabricating complex components in nuclear reactor cores. However, the applicability of LPBF technology to specialized nuclear materials such as zirconium alloys, which are designed to withstand the elevated temperature extreme environments within reactors, remains insufficiently explored. In this work, Zircaloy-4 alloy was successfully fabricated via LPBF technology. The microstructure evolution and deformation behavior of the alloy were systematically investigated under uniaxial tensile loading at both room temperature (RT) and an elevated temperature of 380 °C. Furthermore, the α lath morphology, second phase precipitates (SPPs), and the type and configuration of dislocation were characterized before and after deformation. The results indicate that the microstructure in the LPBF-processed Zircaloy-4 alloy consists of epitaxially columnar grains containing fine α laths. Enrichment of Fe and Cr elements was observed at α lath boundaries, and nanoscale SPPs were distributed within α laths. In addition, the LPBF-processed Zircaloy-4 alloy exhibits outstanding mechanical strength (such as ultimate tensile strength, 700 MPa at RT and 368 MPa at 380 °C), outperforming ASTM standard (415 MPa at RT) and sheet samples (204 MPa at 380 °C), respectively. Meanwhile, fracture elongations reached 10.5 % at RT and 16.4 % at 380 °C. The moderate ductility is attributed to the activation of multiple slip and cross-slip systems, with α lath boundaries acting as sources of prismatic &lt;a&gt; and pyramidal &lt;a + c&gt; dislocations to coordinate plastic deformation. The exceptional strength originates primarily from the high density and entanglement of &lt;a&gt; and &lt;a + c&gt; dislocations, as well as from dislocation pinning by nanoscale SPPs. Additionally, the presence of &lt;a&gt; type dislocation loops further contribute to strength enhancement at 380 °C. This work demonstrates the feasibility of LPBF-processed Zircaloy-4 alloy for potential structural applications in 380 °C high temperature reactor environments, offering insights into the advancement of AM technologies in the nuclear industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149093"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafine niobium powder enabled synergetic liquid-phase sintering toward full densification of elemental powder metallurgy NiTi shape memory alloys","authors":"Changhai Du ,&nbsp;Dongyang Li ,&nbsp;Yimin Li ,&nbsp;Fenghua Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elemental powder metallurgy (EPM) represents a cost-effective approach for fabricating NiTi shape memory alloys. However, achieving full densification in EPM NiTi alloys remains challenging due to Kirkendall pores and the uncontrolled leakage of the Ni-Ti binary liquid phase. This study introduced fine Nb powder to generate a ternary NiTi-Nb eutectic liquid phase. This strategy effectively suppressed the anti-densification effect caused by the random binary Ni-Ti liquid phase, enabling near-full densification (relative density &gt;99 %) and significantly enhancing the comprehensive mechanical properties (compressive strength was 3051 MPa, fracture strain was 39 %, shape recovery ratio under 8 % pre-strain was 70.0 %). Compared to coarse Nb powder, the use of refined Nb particles promoted the earlier and more complete formation of a uniformly distributed eutectic liquid phase. This enhancement stems from the synergistic interplay of thermodynamic (increased local reaction driving force via the Gibbs-Thomson effect, lowering the local melting point) and kinetic (accelerated diffusion and increased nucleation sites) factors associated with particle refinement, achieved by reducing the particle curvature radius and shortening diffusion paths. Consequently, both microstructural homogeneity and densification were improved. The controlled generation and uniform spatial distribution of the liquid phase are thus identified as critical factors determining the feasibility of achieving high densification in EPM Ni-Ti-based alloys. This study provides a novel solution for the development of low-cost, high-performance Ni-Ti-based alloys suitable for applications such as biomedical implants, sealing, and coupling fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149090"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additively-manufactured high-entropy Cantor alloy: Multiscale microstructures and deformation mechanisms","authors":"J.H. Liang ,&nbsp;J.L. Sun ,&nbsp;S.J. Qu ,&nbsp;G.J. Cao ,&nbsp;J. Shen ,&nbsp;H. Wang ,&nbsp;A.H. Feng ,&nbsp;J.Z. Jiang ,&nbsp;D.L. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (or 3D printing) is revolutionizing product development and manufacturing by enabling rapid prototyping, reducing lead times and costs, and facilitating complex geometries with minimal waste. High-entropy alloys manufactured through this process exhibit intricate multiscale microstructures that significantly influence their mechanical properties. By utilizing in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), this study reveals the governing role of the initial hierarchical microstructure of a laser-beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) fabricated FeCoNiCrMn alloy on the sequential activation of deformation mechanisms in real-time. The initial high-density dislocation cells and nano-oxides provide a high yield strength of ∼530 MPa. The subsequent continuous deformation pathway, captured via in-situ observations, begins with single-plane slip, which evolves into multiple slip systems as strain increases. Grains oriented along &lt;101&gt; then undergo significant rotations to accommodate plasticity, while twinning becomes prominent at higher strains near the ultimate tensile strength. This synergistic interplay between dislocation slip, grain rotation, and the formation of intricate multiscale networks (nanotwins, stacking faults, Lomer-Cottrell dislocation locks) produces sustained work hardening. Revealing this multi-stage strengthening pathway provides a new understanding of material performance and establishes a basis for future mechanism-driven design of additively-manufactured alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149096"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High tensile strength and shape memory effect of Ti-V-Al alloy with heterogeneous microstructure","authors":"Yuqi Gao ,&nbsp;Baoxi Liu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Tang ,&nbsp;Zisheng An ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy with α′+α″+β phases can be obtained by powder metallurgy. α″ main phase exhibits self-accommodation martensite structure to lower elastic strain energy, which also contains a large amount of {111} type Ⅰ twinning and antiphase boundary-like faults, determining the excellent high temperature shape memory effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149095"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergy between microstructure anisotropy and size effects on the ductile failure of hastelloy X printed by laser power bed fusion","authors":"B. Vieille ,&nbsp;R. Henry ,&nbsp;L. Avegnon ,&nbsp;M.P. Sealy ,&nbsp;Q. Sirvin ,&nbsp;D. Texier ,&nbsp;C. Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work addresses the effect of the microstructural anisotropy, both morphological and crystallographic due to fabrication strategy, and the size-effects on the fracture behavior of Hastelloy X superalloys printed by Laser Power Bed Fusion (LPBF-HX). It aims at specifically investigating the role played by crack orientation (perpendicular or co-linear to sample lasing planes) on the fracture toughness values of LPBF-HX. Micro-cantilever bending tests have been conducted on vertically or horizontally built specimens to estimate the fracture toughness at the microscopic scale depending on the initial notch orientation. LPBF-HX results in complex microstructural features at the micro- and mesoscale, which significantly impair the fracture mechanisms. At both microscopic and macroscopic scales, cracking occurs along with a ductile tearing. A simple analytical model has been applied to account for the size effect on the fracture behavior depending on the building direction and notch orientation. This model provides internal characteristic lengths, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, which is a key parameter for transition rules from small to large scale. In horizontal specimens, the value of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> is equal to 1.33 mm, whereas it slightly increases to 1.57 mm in vertical specimens. The knowledge of the size effect law using internal characteristic lengths is crucial for the determination of the R-curve at different scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149092"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and properties of Ti6Al4V-xB alloys fabricated by concurrent wire-powder laser metal deposition additive manufacturing","authors":"Yu Wang,&nbsp;Xizhang Chen,&nbsp;Yifei Huang,&nbsp;Donglai Chen,&nbsp;Yanhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used Concurrent Wire-Powder Laser Metal Deposition (CWP-LMD) technology to fabricate Ti6Al4V-B alloys. By adjusting wire and powder feeding rates, broad compositional control was achieved while enhancing deposition efficiency. Through synchronous feeding of Ti6Al4V (TC4) wire and boron powder into the molten pool as raw materials, TC4-xB alloys with varying boron contents (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5 wt%) were successfully prepared. The microstructural evolution and mechanical responses were systematically investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that boron addition effectively eliminated β-phase columnar grain structures, promoted the transformation of α-phase to equiaxed grains, and significantly weakened the preferred orientation. Mechanical testing demonstrated a 12.6 % increase in hardness as boron content rose from 0 to 0.5 wt%. The yield strength of TC4-0.2 B and TC4-0.5 B increased by 8.1 % and 18.8 % compared to TC4, respectively, while their elongation decreased by 15.6 % and 59.8 %. Grain refinement strengthening and dislocation strengthening were identified as the primary mechanisms, supplemented by contributions from coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch strengthening, load transfer strengthening, and Orowan strengthening. Fracture analysis confirmed that specific TiB distribution patterns caused the plasticity reduction. This study validated the engineering potential of the CWP-LMD technique in the compositionally graded manufacturing of titanium alloys, providing guidance for the subsequent additive manufacturing of high-performance titanium alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149085"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal plasticity model for cyclic hardening-softening of 316L steel produced by laser-powder bed fusion including the role of sub-grain structures","authors":"Marco Pelegatti ,&nbsp;Enrico Salvati ,&nbsp;Nicolò Grilli","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent literature has emphasised the need to assess the process-structure-properties of additively manufactured (AM) metals to exploit their full capability. Many studies focused on the static mechanical properties of AM materials and their relationship with their microstructure, whereas the cyclic elastoplastic response was rarely addressed. In the present work, a crystal plasticity (CP) model is proposed to model the macroscopic stress response during cyclic strain in a 316L steel produced by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF). To accurately capture cyclic hardening-softening of the material, the proposed model includes essential microstructural features – such as crystallographic texture, AM-induced intragranular cellular structure and persistent slip bands (PSBs) – in a dislocation-based framework. The model parameters are estimated from microstructural observations by the authors' experimental investigation and literature. After experimental validation of the model's cyclic response at 0.4 % strain amplitude, parametric analyses elucidate interrelationships between microstructure and cyclic response. Simulations, supported by experiments, suggest that the AM cellular structure drives the dislocation evolution. The accumulation of dislocations rules the initial moderate cyclic hardening, while the depletion of dislocations dominates the following early cyclic softening due to the formation of PSBs. The proposed model can also serve as a tool to tune the cyclic response by adjusting the AM cell size and initial dislocation density, thus controlling the cyclic hardening and hardening-softening transition. Given the relationship between cyclic softening, PSBs and fatigue crack nucleation, the model can be extended to assess the fatigue damage during the early cyclic response of AM metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149083"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of GH5188 superalloy fabricated by Selective laser melting","authors":"Binghua Yang ,&nbsp;Yuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Yufan Qi ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Wei ,&nbsp;Jianqiang Gong ,&nbsp;Yisong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GH5188 superalloy parts fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) exhibit broad application prospects in aerospace industry. The paper first optimizes the SLM parameters for GH5188 and then conducts a systematic study on the heat treatment processes (including solution treatment, aging treatment, and solution-aging treatment) of the as-built GH5188. The as-built GH5188 shows a columnar grain structure, and its microstructure primarily consists of γ-Co matrix with cellular sub-grains and M₆C/M₂₃C₆ eutectic carbides distributed at the sub-grain boundaries, where dislocation networks are observed around the carbides. The as-built state exhibits a tensile strength of 1081.5 MPa, a yield strength of 745.0 MPa, and an elongation of 41.5 %. The aging treatment has relatively minor effects on grain morphology and microstructure morphology, and it results in a very small increase in tensile strength at the further expense of elongation. The solution treatment also leads to the elimination of cellular sub-grains and carbides, along with the generation of high densities of dislocations, stacking faults, and Lomer–Cottrell dislocation locks. The solution-aging treatment results in complete recrystallization and grain growth of the alloy, with microstructural characteristics similar to those in the solution-treated condition. Among the three heat-treated samples, the solution-treated sample exhibits better comprehensive room-temperature properties, with a tensile strength of 1060.0 MPa, a yield strength of 538.6 MPa, and an elongation of 49.8 %. Meanwhile, it also exhibits good high-temperature (900 °C) tensile properties, with tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation being 328.9 MPa, 276.8 MPa, and 52.9 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of corrugation morphology on the interface and strength of corrugated-rolled titanium/steel clad plates","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Sihan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Cheng ,&nbsp;Teng Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limitations of corrugated rolling in titanium/steel clad plate fabrication, such as constraints in material thickness and strength and relatively low interfacial bonding strength, a novel processing route was proposed. This approach involves pre-corrugated surface corrugations on the base metal, followed by vacuum assembly and hot rolling. The interfacial bonding performance under different corrugation morphologies was systematically investigated. Using TA1/Q355D composite plates as the model system, three types of corrugation were designed: inclined, sinusoidal, and trapezoidal, together with three amplitude variations for the inclined type. The influence of corrugation geometry on local plastic deformation, interfacial microstructure evolution, and bonding strength was studied through a combination of finite element simulations and experimental analysis. The results show that the corrugated structure significantly increases the effective interfacial contact area and enhances local plastic strain, thereby promoting recrystallization on both sides of the interface and improving microstructural compatibility. Among the tested geometries, the trapezoidal interface demonstrated the most favorable strain distribution and structural stability, achieving the highest interfacial shear strength (279 MPa). These findings offer an effective design strategy for optimizing the interfacial structure of high-performance titanium/steel clad composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149087"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure of high-conductivity CuCrSnZnSi alloy strips before and after high-temperature softening","authors":"Liukui Gong ,&nbsp;Shixin Song ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Shipeng Yue ,&nbsp;Guitao Liu ,&nbsp;Yueming Lu ,&nbsp;Kongxun Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhen Han ,&nbsp;Chunjing Xu ,&nbsp;Yansong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.149089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-0.2 <em>wt</em>%Cr-0.252 <em>wt</em>%Sn-0.166 <em>wt</em>%Zn-0.014 <em>wt</em>%Si alloy strips with thicknesses of 0.7 mm were prepared by casting, hot deformation, high-temperature solution treatment, cold deformation, aging, and secondary cold deformation. The conductivity of the as-obtained strips was 63.50 % IACS, and the microhardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at break were 172.7 HV_0.2, 533 MPa, 522 MPa, and 4.1 %, respectively. The combined effects of cold rolling energy storage release and annealing kinetics promote the recovery and recrystallization of the strain structure. The low migration of nanoscale Cr phases relative to that of the grain boundaries, twin boundaries, and dislocations causes pinning, which decreases the effective driving force for recrystallization and increases the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries, thereby inducing grain boundary strengthening. Dislocation strengthening contributes the most to the strength of the prepared alloy strips, followed by grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and solid solution strengthening, which support the high-temperature softening resistance, with a softening temperature of 570 °C. The grain boundary scattering and solid solution scattering of Sn, Zn, and Si significantly impact the conductivity of the alloy strips in the cold-rolled state. After annealing, the effect of grain boundary scattering is significantly reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"946 ","pages":"Article 149089"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}