Computers & Fluids最新文献

{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics simulations of suspensions of spherical particles using tensorial constitutive equations","authors":"Hugo A. Castillo-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jurriaan Gillissen ,&nbsp;Roberto Lange ,&nbsp;Antonio Castelo","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, we implement full tensorial constitutive equations for suspensions of spherical particles into the <em>HiGFlow</em> system, which is a recently developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software that is able to simulate Newtonian, Generalised-Newtonian and viscoelastic flows using finite differences in tree-based grids. We provide here a brief introduction to each of the implemented constitutive equations that were developed to describe the rheological behaviour of rate-independent suspensions homogeneous flows. We tested our solvers by carrying out simulations of these models in three relevant flow configurations (simple shear, shear reversal and oscillatory flows), and our simulation results were validated by comparing them with results reported in the literature and with those predicted by the <em>foam-extend</em> system, a community-driven fork of the popular <em>OpenFOAM</em> open source library for CFD. Lastly, we carry out simulations in a geometry in which these models have not been tested before; the lid-driven cavity. For this case, we report here novel results, where we offer an in-depth analysis of the rheological behaviour of the suspension in the cavity flow with weak inertia, including contour maps of both the stress and second-order orientation moment tensors that assist the reader in visualising the particle dynamics. A direct comparison of our cavity results with simulations obtained using the FENE-P viscoelastic constitutive model is also provided, where we found that while the magnitude of the value of the particle normal stress <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is amplified in compression regions, the viscoelastic normal stress <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is more dominant in extensional regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigrid methods for the Stokes problem on GPU systems","authors":"Cu Cui,&nbsp;Guido Kanschat","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a matrix-free multigrid method for solving the Stokes problem, discretized using <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>div</mtext></mrow></msup></math></span>-conforming discontinuous Galerkin methods. Our method operates directly on both the velocity and pressure spaces, eliminating the need for a global Schur complement approximation. We employ a multiplicative Schwarz smoother with vertex-patch subdomains and the Schur complement method combined with the fast diagonalization for the efficient evaluation of the local solvers. By leveraging the tensor product structure of Raviart–Thomas elements and an optimized, conflict-free shared memory access pattern, the matrix-free operator evaluation demonstrates excellent performance, reaching over one billion degrees of freedom per second on a single NVIDIA A100 GPU. Numerical results indicate efficiency comparable to that of the three-dimensional Poisson problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical error estimation with physics informed neural network","authors":"Adhika Satyadharma ,&nbsp;Heng-Chuan Kan ,&nbsp;Ming-Jyh Chern ,&nbsp;Chun-Ying Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying numerical error has been a major issue in computational fluid dynamics, mostly due to its most dominant term, the discretization error. Practically, this is the influence of the mesh and time step, which can substantially affect the final result. However, due to its nature, quantifying discretization error typically requires several fine mesh simulations, which can be very expensive to perform. In this research, we propose a new way to calculate numerical error as a whole, which is done by utilizing physics-informed neural network (PINN). By simultaneously referencing the discrete simulation data and the continuous governing equation, PINN can detect any disagreement between the two and convert it into an estimate of the numerical error. This study explains this framework and demonstrates it on several cases, including a one-dimensional heat conduction, problem set with the method of manufactured solutions and a cavity flow simulation at Reynolds number 1000. While it can be challenging to implement this framework on very fine mesh and it can only evaluate a single type of variable at a time, it does offer two major benefits. The results show that our proposed framework can reliably and accurately estimate the numerical error across a variety of mesh sizes, from a fine mesh to a very coarse mesh, even if the data are outside the asymptotic range. It also requires only a single simulation dataset, eliminating the need to perform several fine mesh simulations and proper mesh refinements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in shock-driven light square bubble via magnetohydrodynamics","authors":"Sheng-Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Satyvir Singh ,&nbsp;Manuel Torrilhon ,&nbsp;Huan-Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Chun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instability in a shock-driven light square bubble, examining the complex interactions at the interface between shocked fluids in the presence of a magnetic field. By incorporating magnetic fields, the dynamics of such instabilities become even more complex, leading to novel behavior in terms of vorticity deposition, mixing, and interface morphology. For numerical simulation, an unsteady compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations in two-dimensional space is solved with the corner transport upwind ＋ constrained transport schemes while preserving the magnetic field’s divergence-free condition. The numerical results show good agreement with the available hydrodynamics experimental data and magnetohydrodynamics calculations. The research results demonstrate that the transverse magnetic field plays a crucial role in the development of MHD-RMI in a light square bubble driven by a planar shock wave. It significantly affects the flow field structure, leading to changes in interface morphology, shock wave structure, vortices and enstrophy. The baroclinic torque induced by magnetic tension at the interface counteracts the torque from velocity shear, thereby inhibiting the roll of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex. A comprehensive analysis of some physical quantities, including magnetic energy, magnetic strength, and magnetic tension on the square bubble, is presented. MHD-RMI has been found to be a highly effective mechanism for enhancing the magnetic field, thereby improving the suppression of flow instability. Finally, a detailed analysis of the impact of the magnetic field on the time evolution of the interface features is conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharp interface capturing godunov method for multi-material flow simulations","authors":"Igor Menshov ,&nbsp;Pavel Zakharov ,&nbsp;Rodion Muratov","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eulerian approach for calculating the reduced Baer-Nunziato model for multiphase fluid flows is considered. The model assumes equilibrium in pressure, temperature, and velocity and is known as P-V-T model in literature. The developed method refers to the class of interface capturing methods with material interfaces being diffused in space. The sharp capturing is attained by implementing (1) local face-based interface reconstruction, (2) flux approximation based on the solution to composite Riemann problem (CRP) - the conventional single material Riemann problem supplemented with a bi-material contact discontinuity, and (3) the AMR technique. An approximate CRP solver is proposed for the P-V-T model equations, which allows to consider interface transferring across cell faces. This method effectively alleviates numerical diffusion without introducing spurious oscillations; the interface resolution is found within one computational cell in 1D calculations. The octree dynamic AMR is implemented to enhance resolution of small-scale characteristics of the numerical solution. The performance and robustness of the method are demonstrated through several numerical tests of multi-fluid flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving generalized three-dimensional flow field prediction for high-speed flight vehicles using an attention-inspired architecture","authors":"Yang Shen,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Zhen-guo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computing flowfields for flight vehicles is essential for their performance but often requires significant costs and resources. This research introduces a novel deep learning architecture, INFormer, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution for three-dimensional flowfield prediction, overcoming previous limitations in generalizability and focus on two-dimensional flows. The INFormer decouples flowfield coordinates from vehicle geometry processing by independently processing the vehicle’s geometric features and specified observation points through dual-path encoding, enabling prediction of volumetric flow variables that reveal critical physics such as shock wave propagation. Utilizing attention mechanisms, the model is capable of training on sparse flowfield data, though applicated in full-field prediction. Trained on a dataset of space shuttle high-speed simulations, the INFormer captures complex airflow phenomena, including the long-range propagation and nonlinear interactions of shock waves, with high accuracy. Its predictions are validated against wind tunnel experimental and simulated data, demonstrating reasonable consistency across various test cases, including prototype and 400 deformed space shuttles, and even generalized out-of-domain configurations. INFormer achieves near-real-time predictions, completing most scenarios under one second, highlighting its capability to enable rapid spatial flow field feedback during conceptual design stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient second order ImEx scheme for the shallow water model in low Froude regime","authors":"Maria Kazolea ,&nbsp;Ralph Lteif ,&nbsp;Martin Parisot","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the development and analysis of a second order numerical method tailored for shallow water flows in regimes characterized by low Froude numbers. The focus is on modeling oceanic and coastal dynamics across different scales, with particular attention on the variation of the Froude number from 1 near the shoreline to significantly lower values offshore. Classical hyperbolic schemes, such as Riemann solvers, become inefficient in these deep water conditions. To address this challenge, a hybrid numerical approach is proposed where part of the system is treated implicitly, resulting in an ImEx (Implicit–Explicit) scheme that allows long time simulation using a CFL condition that is independent of the Froude number. To minimize the computational cost associated with solving linear systems, a fully segregated approach is used. In this method, the water height and hybrid mass fluxes are handled implicitly, while velocities are treated explicitly, thus avoiding large linear system resolutions. While various Runge–Kutta schemes are available for a second-order time integration, we chose here a Crank–Nicolson scheme to reduce the number of linear systems required. Spatial discretization is performed using a second-order MUSCL reconstruction. The novel scheme is demonstrated to be Asymptotic Preserving (AP), ensuring that a consistent discretization of the limit model, known as the “lake equations” is obtained as the Froude number approaches zero. Through a series of one- and two-dimensional test cases, the method is shown to achieve second-order accuracy for different Froude numbers. Additionally, the computational efficiency of the proposed method is compared with that of a fully explicit scheme, demonstrating significant time savings with the ImEx approach, particularly in scenarios governed by low Froude numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the hyperbolic Maxwell equations and constrained transport methods in magnetohydrodynamics simulations","authors":"Jiaji Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhang Hou ,&nbsp;Shunhao Peng ,&nbsp;Yongliang Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comparative analysis of two major numerical solution strategies for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations, the hyperbolic Maxwell system of equations and the constrained transport (CT) method, equipped with two typical discrete schemes. The computational complexity of each method was evaluated by the number of differential operators and the spectral radius. It was found that the hyperbolic Maxwell method is computationally efficient for low-conductivity problems, with conductivity ranging between <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, demonstrating 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less complexity compared to the CT-MHD method. However, at high conductivities, where the conductivity is between <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, the hyperbolic Maxwell method experiences significant increases in computational time and complexity due to the light-speed source term, resulting in an algorithmic complexity 6 to 9 orders of magnitude higher than that of the CT-MHD method. The performance of the hyperbolic Maxwell method and the CT-MHD method in MHD simulations is subsequently evaluated through a systematic series of numerical test cases, including smooth flow fluid example, magnetic vortex problem, Brio-Wu shock tube, high Mach number shock tube, Orszag-Tang vortex, and MHD rotor problem. Results indicated that both methods achieve high accuracy for smooth problems. However, CT-MHD method demonstrates superior performance in several aspects, particularly the CT-WENO scheme, which exhibits significant advantages in terms of accuracy, shock wave capture capability, stability, magnetic field divergence control and energy conservation. The findings of this study can establish a foundation for the resolution of more complex magnetohydrodynamic problems in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palabos Turret: A particle-resolved numerical framework for settling dynamics of arbitrary-shaped particles","authors":"Taraprasad Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Jonas Latt ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Gholamhossein Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particles transported in fluids are everywhere, occurring for example in indoor air, the atmosphere, the oceans, and engineering applications. In this study, a new three-dimensional numerical framework — the Palabos Turret is presented, which allows fully resolved simulations of the settling dynamics of heavy particles with arbitrary shapes over a wide range of particle Reynolds numbers. The numerical solver is based on the lattice Boltzmann method utilizing immersed-boundary approach and a recursive-regularized collision model to fully resolve the particle–fluid interactions. A predictor–corrector scheme is applied for the robust time integration of the six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) rigid-body motion. Particularly, the multi-scale nature arising from the long free-fall distances of a particle is addressed through a dynamic memory allocation scheme allowing for a virtually infinite falling distance. The proposed framework is validated using the analytical and experimental data of freely-falling spheres, ellipsoids, and an irregular volcanic particle in a wide range of Reynolds numbers between <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>×</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>×</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. For different Reynolds numbers and particle shapes considered, the Palabos Turret shows excellent agreement compared to the theoretical and experimental values of the terminal velocities with a median relative deviation of <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> and a maximum deviation of <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>5</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>. We further present new numerical and experimental results on the settling dynamics of particles of various shapes and sizes. The Palabos Turret also resolves the surface stress distribution on the particles with complex geometry, which enables an in-depth analysis of their translational and rotational dynamics. Therefore, this framework can be used as an invaluable tool to complement experimental data and to overcome the limitations of experiments and analytical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow instability in a rotating channel loaded with an anisotropic porous material","authors":"Mrityunjoy Saha ,&nbsp;Saunak Sengupta ,&nbsp;Sudipto Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;Sukhendu Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The linear instability of flows within a channel that rotates spanwise and is filled with a non-uniform porous substance is investigated. The porous material is considered anisotropic in nature, with different permeabilities in the horizontal and vertical directions. The novel focus of this study is to explore the influence of the anisotropy property of porous media on the rotational instability of the flow. The flow is modeled using the extended Darcy-Brinkman equations, including a permeability matrix. The non-uniformity of the porous material is characterized by the parameter <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, defined as the ratio of horizontal permeability to vertical permeability. The flow problem is solved as an Orr–Sommerfeld-Squire type eigenvalue problem using normal mode assumptions and the Chebyshev collocation method. The temporal instabilities are computed and compared for two-dimensional (2D) spanwise disturbances and three-dimensional (3D) disturbances. Different unstable modes are found for both types of disturbances, and 2D spanwise perturbation waves provide dominant instability. The combined effects of the Coriolis force and the anisotropy of the porous layer on the temporal unstable modes are investigated using the marginal stability boundaries and growth rate curves. The critical rotation number for instability bifurcation is calculated over a physical interval of <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>. It is observed that the reduction of the permeability ratio has a stabilizing effect. Further, the instability depends on a correlation between the porosity and rotational speed. Flow through a weakly porous medium exhibits linear instability at higher rotational speeds. The perturbation velocity distributions display roll cells near the lower wall for the unstable modes under anticlockwise system rotation. This phenomenon promotes secondary instability and micro-mixing inside the flow system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 106689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}