International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Research on high-precision fault identification of proton exchange membrane fuel cell experiment based on multiple correlation analysis and deep learning","authors":"Rongjie Huang ,&nbsp;Juzheng Deng ,&nbsp;Yanqiu Xiao ,&nbsp;Lei Yao ,&nbsp;Guangzhen Cui ,&nbsp;Zhigen Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid application of Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in transportation and energy sectors, driven by advancements in hydrogen energy technology, underscores the critical importance of ensuring operational safety for widespread adoption. Intelligent diagnosis with high precision and robustness is imperative to address the primary challenge of performance and longevity. This study introduces an intelligent diagnostic framework tailored for identifying flooding faults in PEMFC, integrating feature optimization, sample enhancement, and model refinement. Initially, a feature selection approach leveraging Pearson and Spearman weighted fusion is devised to identify key physical parameters highly correlated with flooding by considering both linear and nonlinear relationships. Subsequently, a sliding window sample amplification strategy is implemented to enrich the local dynamic features of time series data, enhancing the model's ability to perceive fault evolution. Lastly, a weighted pooling convolutional neural network (CNN) model with adaptable channel weights is proposed, achieving a fault recognition accuracy of 99.9 % on the test dataset and demonstrating robust generalization on an independent dataset. This methodology offers a novel avenue for reliably identifying PEMFC flooding faults, crucial for ensuring system safety and enabling intelligent operational maintenance practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150530"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the catalytic mechanism of core-shell structure CoCu@BN promoting the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane","authors":"Jue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia borane (NH₃BH₃, AB) as one of the complex hydrides shows great potential for hydrogen storage. Nevertheless, the lack of efficient catalysts limits the hydrogen release rate. Herein, we reported a heterostructure catalyst consisting of Co and Cu nanoparticles with a boron nitride cladding (defined as CoCu@BN). Remarkably, on the basis of BN shell formation, CoCu particles are confined with a stable nanoscale of around 10 nm. As a result, the optimal Co₀₈Cu_0.2@BN catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance, achieving a high TOF of 28.8 mol_H2 mol_metal⁻¹ min⁻¹, which is far superior to the Co@BN and Cu@BN. The catalytic mechanism has been verified, demonstrating that the combined compositional and structural characteristics of Co₀_·₈Cu_0.2@BN synergistically induce robust electron transfer. This phenomenon accelerates the cleavage of H₂O molecules (the rate-determining step), thereby enhancing the catalytic hydrolysis of AB. The findings presented in this study offer a precise and controllable strategy for designing non-noble metal catalysts aimed at hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150409"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation using BODIPY-thiophene-covalent organic polymers","authors":"Kübra Turgut ,&nbsp;Mücahit Özdemir ,&nbsp;Gizem Yıldız ,&nbsp;Bahattin Yalçın ,&nbsp;Sermet Koyuncu ,&nbsp;Baybars Köksoy ,&nbsp;İmren Hatay Patır","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) - based dyes have recently garnered attention as sensitizers for photocatalytic hydrogen production. They exhibit high catalytic activity through efficient electron transfer, owing to their unique properties such as high molar absorptivity, adjustable absorption and emission energies, and high fluorescence quantum efficiencies. In this study, the effect of a –OH subunit that can increase hydrophilicity on the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in BODIPY-thiophene-based covalent organic polymers (COP) was investigated. In the conducted research, COP structures were integrated into BODIPY to enhance their light absorption capabilities, aiming to serve as photocatalysts for energy conversions under simple conditions. In the proposed system, Thiophene-BODIPY-based dyes are integrated into COP structures, where they facilitate electron excitation upon light absorption, thereby playing an effective role in photocatalytic reactions by promoting electron transfer. The photocatalyst, modified with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, exhibited notable performance in enhancing the efficiency of the hydrogen production process, owing to its light absorption capabilities, multifunctional fluorescent properties, and electron-accepting characteristics. The synthesized BODIPY-Th-COP-OH_TiO₂ photocatalyst demonstrated higher hydrogen activity compared to BODIPY-Th-COP-CH₃_TiO₂, attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups promoted hydrophilic character in the catalyst structure. Therefore, BODIPY-Th-COP-X_TiO₂ photocatalysts (X: OH, CH₃) utilizing methanol as sacrificial agent yielded hydrogen amounts of 0.197 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 0.132 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ for BODIPY-Th-COP-OH_TiO₂ and BODIPY-Th-COP-CH₃_TiO₂ photocatalysts, respectively, under visible light illumination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150105"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZIF-derived 3D carbon nanosheet/nanotube framework with encapsulated CoNi nanoparticles for efficient LOHC hydrogen storage","authors":"Luoming Kang ,&nbsp;Bin Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Xiao ,&nbsp;Longfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yang ,&nbsp;Na Yang ,&nbsp;Yongli Sun ,&nbsp;Luhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems require efficient, low-cost catalysts for scalable hydrogen storage. Here, a reusable CoNi bimetallic catalyst was developed through one-step reductive pyrolysis of ZIF-67-L, forming CoNi alloy nanoparticles embedded in a 3D carbon nanosheet/nanotube (CNS/CNT) heterostructure. Using N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) as a model compound, the optimized catalyst enables rapid hydrogenation (5.72 wt% H₂ uptake at 150 °C, 8 MPa in 80 min) and dehydrogenation (5.64 wt% H₂ release at 220 °C, 0.1 MPa), with high recyclability over seven cycles. The CNS/CNT facilitates electron transport, enhances active site exposure, and provides a high surface area. Combined XPS and DFT results reveal that the synergy between the CNS/CNT architecture and CoNi alloying modulates the electronic environment of Co⁰ sites, reduces the energy barrier for H₂ dissociation, and improves catalytic performance. This study provides new insights into the design of highly active and stable non-noble metal catalysts for LOHC systems to achieve reversible hydrogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150486"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Hydrogels for Hydrogen (H2) Storage: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Chandra Sekhar Espenti ,&nbsp;Madhusudana Rao Kummara ,&nbsp;K.S.V. Krishna Rao ,&nbsp;Sung Soo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is widely recognized as a green and renewable energy carrier that is essential for the transition to sustainable energy systems. Traditional hydrogen storage methods, such as compressed gas, metal hydrides, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), offer high storage densities but are often associated with safety concerns, high energy requirements, and limited practical applicability. In contrast, polymeric hydrogels present a versatile platform for hydrogen storage due to their tunable porosity, high water uptake, and reversible functional groups. This review highlights recent advances in the design, synthesis, and functionalization of hydrogels for hydrogen storage, focusing on key mechanisms such as physisorption, chemisorption, and hydrogen entrapment. Importantly, hydrogels facilitate reversible hydrogen uptake and release under mild conditions, making them promising candidates for integration into flexible and smart energy devices. Recent progress in nanocomposite hydrogels, stimulus-responsive systems, and metal–hydrogel hybrids has further improved storage capacity and control. Although their current gravimetric hydrogen capacity is lower than that of MOFs or metal hydrides, polymeric hydrogels offer superior processability, safety, scalability, and multifunctionality. These advantages position them as highly promising materials for future hydrogen storage applications in both stationary and portable systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150529"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of spatial nickel distribution inside pellet catalysts for reforming of biogas with additional steam","authors":"Su-Ji Kim ,&nbsp;Yeon Jeong Yu ,&nbsp;Sung-Bin Choi,&nbsp;Byung Sun Yoon,&nbsp;Gwan-Joong Park,&nbsp;Da-Bin Kang,&nbsp;Chang Hyun Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concerns over climate change and the increasing demand for renewable energy have intensified interest in utilizing biogas. Among various strategies, the combined reforming of methane (CRM), which utilizes CH₄ and CO₂ from biogas and H₂O, has attracted attention. Nickel-based catalysts are extensively studied for CRM due to their high activity; however, they suffer from rapid deactivation caused by coking. In this work, Ni/Al₂O₃ egg-shell type pellet catalyst was investigated to address these challenges. To simplify synthesis, a novel developed wetness impregnation (DWI) method was introduced, allowing the concentration of the active phase near the outer region of the pellet. Characterization results revealed that the egg-shell catalysts exhibited higher surface nickel concentrations than their actual nickel content. Although this localization of the active phase led to lower nickel dispersion compared to homo type catalysts, it suggested improved accessibility of reactants to active sites and enhanced reducibility at lower temperatures. Among catalysts, the 2E-T_0.1 catalyst (2 wt% Ni, 0.10 mm egg-shell thickness) showed the highest CH₄ and CO₂ conversions, improved long-term stability, and superior coking resistance at 700 °C, compared to the homo type catalysts. Additionally, controlling the steam ratio indicated the possibility of producing H₂-rich syngas (H₂/CO). This indicates the role of spatial nickel distribution in optimizing catalytic performance and coking resistance. In particular, egg-shell catalyst with thin shell offers a promising strategy for efficient biogas reforming applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 150443"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification nonmetal doping induced S vacancy to active MoS2 for hydrogen evolution reaction via structural descriptor","authors":"Xiaopei Xu ,&nbsp;Chaoran Chu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Hou ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Peng ,&nbsp;Juntao Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyan Li ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Haoxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Daojian Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient screening of catalysts is hindered by trial-and-error experimental methods. Therefore, we have developed a method based on structural descriptors, which only utilizes the physical and chemical properties and structural features documented in manuals to identify the catalytic activity of the catalyst, eliminating the need for additional calculations to accelerate catalyst development. Based on our previous research, structural descriptors for the same active site in different catalytic environments are still lacking, yet they are crucial for efficient catalyst development. By using density functional theory and microkinetic methods, we discovered that generating sulfur vacancies is an effective method to activate the hydrogen evolution performance of inert MoS₂ substrates. For TeSv-MoS₂ the hydrogen Gibbs free energy is only −0.05 eV and the predicted overpotentials decrease to 91 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², which is lower than other MoS₂ systems. Among them, S-vacancy defect sites resulting from non-metallic (X) doping in the XSv-MoS₂ system play a pivotal role. Taking into account the distance effect, the structural descriptors related to electron affinity are employed to describe the geometric structure and physicochemical properties of vacancies and their next-nearest neighbor sites to accelerate the screening of MoS₂-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150348"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahigh hydrogen storage capacity of B3O3 monolayer with electric-field-controlled reversible dehydrogenation","authors":"Narender Kumar ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Alghoul ,&nbsp;Nacir Tit","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>State-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the potential of the newly synthesized porous B₃O₃ monolayer (ML) for hydrogen storage applications. While pristine B₃O₃ ML exhibits weak hydrogen adsorption (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≅</mo><mn>0.12</mn></mrow></math></span> eV per H₂ molecule), its decoration with lithium (Li) or sodium (Na) can significantly enhance the average adsorption energy (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≅</mo><mn>0.32</mn></mrow></math></span> eV per H₂ molecule). The pore of B₃O₃ has more capacity towards Li doping, with the ability to accommodate up to six Li atoms, each capable of attracting more than three H₂ molecules, compared to a maximum of only two Na atoms. Ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations confirm the thermodynamic stability of both 6Li@B₃O₃ and 2Na@B₃O₃ MLs at room temperature (RT <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 300 K). Thermodynamic analysis, based on Langmuir model, showed that the 6Li@B₃O₃ primitive cell can store approximately 19.26 H₂ molecules, yielding a high effective gravimetric capacity (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≅</mo></mrow></math></span> 16.09 wt% at RT), whereas 2Na@ B₃O₃ can store about 11.58 H₂ molecules only (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≅</mo></mrow></math></span> 10.07 wt% at RT). Both values are significantly higher than the U.S. Department of Energy's 2025 target of 5.5 wt%. Furthermore, charge transfer analysis based on the Bader method and charge density difference (CDD) has confirmed charge transfer from Li/Na atoms to H₂ molecules, confirming the role of H₂ as charge acceptors. The application of electric fields oriented away from the surface can reduce the adsorption energy, thereby facilitating H₂ desorption. Based on these characteristics, Li- and Na-decorated B₃O₃ ML stand out as promising candidate materials for hydrogen storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 150442"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient anion exchange membrane direct ammonia fuel cells anode catalysts: PtIr nanocubes on carbon and CeO2 composites supports","authors":"Yu Guo ,&nbsp;Fukang Gui ,&nbsp;Wenjie Qi ,&nbsp;Yingchuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuemeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziming Wang ,&nbsp;Zijun Hu ,&nbsp;Aihua Tang ,&nbsp;Qiangfeng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) have emerged as promising alternatives to hydrogen fuel cells for transportation applications, owing to ammonia's low source-to-tank energy cost and its inherent advantages in storage and distribution. However, current DAFC technologies are significantly limited by the kinetically sluggish ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) at the anode. In this work, the PtIr nanocubes supported on carbon and CeO_2-δ composite supports have been successfully synthesized. The catalyst demonstrates excellent AOR activity in alkaline media. The structural and compositional properties are characterized using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements reveal a lower activation energy of AOR for the catalyst compared to commercial PtIr/C (19.6 <em>vs</em>. 22.0 kJ mol⁻¹). The DAFC employing Pt₅Ir₁/CeO_2-δ-NCs as the anode catalyst reaches a peak power density of 335 mW cm⁻². All the results manifest that both support material and particle morphology play a critical role in improving the activity of anode catalyst for DAFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150511"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling microbial interactions in lactate-driven dark fermentation systems using metabolic models","authors":"Aaron Romo-Hernández ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Vital-Jácome","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dark fermentation (DF) is a promising alternative for biohydrogen (H₂) production using agro-industrial wastes, contributing to clean energy generation and waste management. However, industrial scaling of DF is hindered by instability issues, particularly due to microbial interactions, such as competition between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and hydrogen-producing bacteria (HPB). While LAB are often considered inhibitors of H₂ production, recent studies suggest their potential role in lactate-driven DF, where HPB utilizes lactate and acetate as alternative substrates. Despite this, the mechanisms regulating LAB-HPB interactions are still a research gap. This study developed a simplified metabolic model to describe a LAB-HPB consortium performing lactate-driven DF, focusing on LAB and HPB interactions. The model was constructed based on previous models and experimental data, guided by taxonomic and functional analysis. Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) was used for model calibration. Key enzymes and electron bifurcation mechanisms involved in H₂ production were identified. The model predicted that H₂ production gradually declined as LAB fractions increased, with a modest reduction below 0.3 (maintaining favorable production levels) and complete inhibition occurring above 0.85. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the HPB-to-LAB ratio and understanding their metabolic interactions to enhance H₂ production. Future research should validate the model predictions and explore additional conditions to improve DF efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 150516"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}