International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Storage and regeneration of renewable energy via hydrogen - A novel power system integrating electrified methane reforming and gas-steam combined cycle","authors":"Huchao Song,&nbsp;Hao Bian,&nbsp;Xiaolong Lin,&nbsp;Yinhe Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy is developing rapidly, while the fluctuation limits its accommodation. The power to power (PTP) system, which stores and re-generates renewable electricity, can mitigate fluctuations of renewable energy. Hydrogen can be used to realize the large-scale peak-load shifting of renewable energy as an energy carrier. However, the high cost and low efficiency of hydrogen production via electrolyzer significantly affect the performance of the PTP system. Furthermore, previous studies have not effectively integrated each part of the PTP system and optimized the parameters, resulting in unsatisfactory performance. In this study, a novel, efficient, and economical PTP system is proposed by integrating an electrified methane reforming process and a gas-steam combined cycle, through which the natural gas reacts with steam to produce hydrogen-rich syngas driven by renewable electricity. Then the syngas is blended in methane to produce electricity. The proposed system is modelled and analyzed in terms of energy and economic aspects. The optimal round-trip efficiency of the novel PTP system is 45.8%, which is 9.8% higher than that of the PTP system coupled with an electrolyzer, and the levelized cost of electricity for the novel system is 11.9% lower. The system can achieve efficient storage and utilization of renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 118-128"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient modulation of NiS2 catalyst via the Cu doping strategy to improve hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline media","authors":"Guanglei Liu ,&nbsp;Yutong Feng ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Shan He ,&nbsp;Yuhang Yuan ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Can Li ,&nbsp;Mingxin Ye ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among efficient electrocatalysts used for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from electrocatalytic water splitting, the nickel-based sulfides exhibit promising applications via effective heteroatom doping strategy. Herein, we deeply investigate the fundamental mechanism of the Cu doping towards the HER performance improvement of NiS₂ catalyst. Firstly, based on the density functional theory calculations, the Cu doping can efficiently modulate the electronic structure of NiS₂, thereby optimizing the adsorption free energies of hydrogen and H₂O, and enhancing the kinetics of H₂O dissociation. Secondly, we prepare the Cu-doped NiS₂ nanosheet arrays on carbon fiber paper (Cu–NiS₂/CFP), exhibiting superior alkaline HER performances compared with NiS₂ nanosheet arrays on CFP (NiS₂/CFP). Specifically, Cu–NiS₂/CFP shows a low HER overpotential of 75 mV at the cathodic current density of 10 mA/cm² in 1 M KOH. Both aspects of theory calculations and experiments together certify the Cu doping can efficiently modulate NiS₂ catalyst to improve alkaline HER performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating market penetration and cost technologies (IMPACT): Procurement incentives on fuel cell electric truck adoption in California","authors":"Jingyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Andrew F. Burke,&nbsp;Marshall R. Miller,&nbsp;Lewis M. Fulton","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States, both federal and local governments have instituted various financial incentives to promote the adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) within their transportation sectors. However, it remains unclear whether these procurement incentives can effectively stimulate the adoption of ZEVs to achieve the expected targets, especially given the wide range of financial and non-financial factors anticipated in the coming decades. To investigate the energy, economic, and environmental aspects of the transition toward ZEVs, we developed the Integrating Market Penetration and Cost Technologies (IMPACT) model. In this study, it was tailored as a detailed analytical and quantification tool for investigating financial incentives for medium- and heavy-duty fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs). The IMPACT model comprises three interconnected sub-models: a vehicle cost model, a vehicle choice model, and an infrastructure model, each specifically tailored for the California market from 2024 to 2040. We designed three different incentive plans based on current policies: the IRS Clean Vehicle Tax Credits (CVTC) and the California Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP). The proposed hierarchical method facilitates a robust analysis of these incentives in relation to FCET sales and market shares, providing a quantitative basis to gauge the fiscal impact and effectiveness of these incentives over time. Our findings indicate that while financial incentives are crucial for enhancing FCET adoption, their design and implementation must be meticulously planned. Careful balancing of factors such as vehicle cost, infrastructure availability, and long-term sustainability is essential to optimize policy outcomes. This study underscores the complexity of incentive strategies and offers critical insights for policymakers aiming to expedite the deployment of FCETs and supporting hydrogen infrastructure in <span>California</span> and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 1266-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen generation under harsh acidic condition by commercially viable Pt nanocluster-decorated non-polar faceted GaN nanowires","authors":"Ameer Abdullah ,&nbsp;Fawad Tariq ,&nbsp;Mandar A. Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Hamza Thaalbi ,&nbsp;Haseeb Ud Din ,&nbsp;Soon Hyung Kang ,&nbsp;Sang-Wan Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical water splitting is vital for green hydrogen production and clean energy. This study introduces a novel approach: platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs) decorated GaN nanowires (GNWs) on p++-Si substrates to enhance hydrogen generation efficiency. Highly-crystalline GNWs synthesized via commercial metal-organic chemical vapor deposition provide a scalable platform for hydrogen evolution. To address the cost limitations of Pt-based electrocatalysts, we developed a method for loading ultralow Pt NCs via photoelectrochemical deposition. Investigations underscore the Pt–Ga sites' crucial role in promoting efficient H₂ production. The Pt NCs/GNWs/p++-Si electrode achieved −10 mA/cm² current density at +50 mV vs. the RHE and sustained −20 mA/cm² for 90 h under harsh acidic conditions at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with nearly 100% retention. This study offers insights into efficient and stable electrodes for electrochemical H₂ generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 1257-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impacts of charge composition and temperature on ammonia/hydrogen combustion in a heavy-duty spark-ignition engine","authors":"Zining Yu,&nbsp;Rui Yang,&nbsp;Zongyu Yue,&nbsp;Mingfa Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia, as a hydrogen carrier with mature production technology and convenient storage, has become one of the most promising zero carbon fuels in recent years. The use of ammonia/hydrogen mixture fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines has drawn significant attentions since it solves the problems of low flame speed, high ignition energy requirement and narrow flammable range of pure ammonia. In this study, the combustion and emission processes of an ammonia/hydrogen port fuel injection (PFI) engine at high load operation are numerically analyzed to investigate the effects of intake hydrogen energy ratio (HER), equivalence ratio (<em>φ</em>), intake temperature and combustion chamber wall temperature on energy distribution and pollutants. The results indicate that under the same HER of 25%, the lean-burned mode provides favorable thermal efficiency compared to stoichiometric mode due to reduced combustion and wall heat loss. However, lower cylinder temperature at lean condition inhibits the participation of NH₃ in the reduction reactions and the consumption of N₂O, increasing the residuals of both pollutants. The NOx emission is promoted by excessive O radicals at lean conditions, and the pathways of fuel NOx and thermal NOx are also discussed using an isotope labeling method. At stoichiometric mode, increasing fuel HER (10%–25%) only has minor impacts on improving thermal efficiency, but can promote the consumption of NH₃ and N₂O by increasing H radicals and cylinder temperature. The study also shows that optimizing the intake and wall temperatures can effectively reduce NH₃ and N₂O emissions by 87.5% and 71.7%, respectively, while slightly reducing NOx.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amine-functionalized RUB-15 supported Pd and Zr nanoparticles: An efficient catalyst for hydrogen production from formic acid","authors":"Mohammad Dianati,&nbsp;Majid Taghizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focused on the production of hydrogen (H₂) from formic acid (FA) using palladium nanoparticles, promoted by zirconium, on amine-functionalized RUB-15. The 2%Pd-0.2%ZrO₂/RUB-15-NH₂ catalyst was produced through a hydrothermal technique and its physicochemical properties were characterized using various analyses including XRD, FTIR, BET, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS-dot mapping, CO₂-TPD, and TGA. These nanoparticles were successfully created with a small size of 3.75 nm and appropriate dispersions. Zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) induced significant electronic effects between Pd and RUB-15-NH₂ and strong interaction between Pd–ZrO₂ nanoparticles and RUB-15-NH₂. The dehydrogenation process with sodium formate (SF) additive was carried out at three different temperatures in a double-necked balloon under FA/SF = 1:1 condition. Overall, 2%Pd-0.2%ZrO₂/RUB-15-NH₂ exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity, 100% H₂ selectivity, no detectable CO production, and good reusability for H₂ production from FA. When SF was added to an FA aqueous solution for dehydrogenation, the total turnover frequency (TOF_total) and the initial TOF (TOF_initial) could reach 99.54 mol_CO2+H2 mol_pd⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 140 mol_CO2+H2 mol_pd⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 333 K, respectively. The stability test was measured in three cycles and showed great resistancy and activity during 140 min. The kinetic study was discussed and the first-order equation had a suitable result. Generally, the system's selectivity, high activity, stability, and simplicity in producing H₂/CO₂ gas without CO production from FA were the key features of this catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 1298-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in efficient piezo-photocatalysis modulated by morphology and structure control","authors":"Yukai Chen ,&nbsp;Yiyi Ji ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Fang ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Rulin Dong ,&nbsp;Baoying Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The past years have witnessed the rapid development in the field of piezo-photocatalysis, and great efforts have been made in promoting the separation and transfer of photo-excited carriers by piezoelectric field from the points of morphology and structure control. Although with successes, the summary of recent progresses in the abovementioned field are very limited in the existing review papers. Therefore, the representative advancements of morphology and structure on piezoelectric property as well as piezo-photocatalytic performance are scrutinized at first in this review. Secondly, advances in flexible organic piezo-photocatalytic composites with tailored morphology and structure are examined from the view of energy utilization. Thirdly, fascinating piezo-photocatalytic composites with bio-inspired structures and their applications are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and potential avenues for enhancing piezo-photocatalytic performance are proposed, offering valuable insights to researchers in the fields of piezocatalysis, photocatalysis, and related disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of H/N ratio control in a multibed ammonia synthesis system with Ru-based catalysts","authors":"Yoshihiro Goto ,&nbsp;Masashi Kikugawa ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Anthony Basuni Hamzah ,&nbsp;Shinichi Ookawara ,&nbsp;Yuichi Manaka ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Nanba ,&nbsp;Akinori Sato ,&nbsp;Masakazu Aoki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia has recently attracted attention as a hydrogen carrier and fuel, based on the power-to-fuel concept. This concept can be realized using Ru-supported rare-earth oxides for the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen (3H₂ + N₂ → 2NH₃) under mild conditions. However, at a high H/N ratio, Ru catalysts exhibit hydrogen poisoning, which reduces their activity for ammonia synthesis. This study investigates the effect of the H/N ratio on the ammonia synthesis activity of the developed Ru catalyst Ru(5 wt%)/Ce_0.5La_0.4Si_0.1O_1.8 under isothermal conditions (350−500 °C). The optimal H/N ratio for achieving the highest catalytic activity decreases as the temperature is lowered (H/N = 0.5 at 350 °C; H/N = 2.0−2.5 at 450 °C). In a multibed reactor, adjusting the H/N ratio to a lower value in the downstream catalyst beds—where the temperature decreases along the gas flow path—can enhance the overall rate of ammonia production by optimizing the reaction conditions in these cooler stages. We propose a system to control the H/N ratio for each catalyst bed in a multibed reactor and demonstrate an increase in the rate of ammonia production when using a double-bed reactor containing the Ru/Ce_0.5La_0.4Si_0.1O_1.8 catalyst. The proposed system offers various opportunities to accelerate the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 1308-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of leakage flow rate in the sealing part using graphite gland packing to mount a hydrogen separation membrane tube for HI decomposition membrane reaction","authors":"Chihiro Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Odtsetseg Myagmarjav ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Tanaka ,&nbsp;Hiroki Noguchi ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Takegami ,&nbsp;Shinji Kubo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal efficiency of hydrogen production in the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (or sulfur-iodine) can be effectively enhanced using a membrane reactor for the HI decomposition reaction (about 500 °C) for hydrogen production. The attachment of ceramic tubes, made of brittle materials, for hydrogen separation membranes to a tube plate via sealing parts is a critical aspect of this process. A quantitative procedure was specified to make an expanded graphite grand packing exhibit sealing performance. The applicability of the method was tested during 50 thermal cycles ranging between 25°C-450 °C and gas pressure of 0.3–0.9 MPa. The leakage flow rate using a dummy membrane tube and helium gas (a tracer gas) was approximately 2 × 10⁻⁵ Pa m³ s⁻¹. This value is comparable to the detection limit of the standard bubble leak test, indicating the effectiveness of this sealing procedure. Furthermore, the leakage flow rate was proportional to the differential pressure applied to the sealing part, suggesting a molecular flow type. This allows for estimating the leakage flow rate by introducing the conductance of flow paths, formulated based on the molecular kinetic theory of gases. An estimation method of the leakage flow rate at any packing size and any pressure difference is proposed, which can help design future practical membrane reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of carbon-coated hydroxyapatite nanorods from bovine bone and application in the photocatalytic N2/H2O synthesis of ammonia","authors":"Jianzhao Bao,&nbsp;Halidan Maimaiti,&nbsp;Jinyan Sun,&nbsp;Lirong Feng,&nbsp;Xuwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-coated hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAp–C) were first synthesized using bovine bones from Urumqi as the carbon source. Ti³⁺-doped TiO₂ (Ti³⁺–TiO₂) was obtained via thermal reduction using NaBH₄. Ti³⁺–TiO₂ was hydrothermally deposited onto the surface of HAp–C, resulting in Ti³⁺–TiO₂/HAp–C formation. The photocatalytic N₂/H₂O ammonia synthesis performance of the prepared materials was investigated while analyzing their structure. HAp–C, a stable carbon material derived from bones, exhibits considerable photoluminescence under ultraviolet light. It serves as a substrate for the Ti³⁺–TiO₂ catalyst, reducing particle agglomeration and enhancing the photogenerated electron transfer rate. The presence of HAp–C further enhances the activation of Ti³⁺–TiO₂/HAp–C for N₂ adsorption and considerably increases its visible-light absorption compared to pure Ti³⁺–TiO₂. The 85%–Ti³⁺–TiO₂/HAp–C photocatalyst yielded 850.13 mol/(L·g cat.) of ammonia after 4 h of reaction during the photocatalytic N₂/H₂O ammonia synthesis, representing a 2.93-fold increase over the ammonia yield of pure Ti³⁺–TiO₂ under identical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}