Hadis Montazerinejad, S. Montazerinejad, Ursula Eicker, Pouria Ahmadi
{"title":"Comparative modeling and assessment of pollutant emissions from a hydrogen swirler micro-gas turbine combustor using distinct predictive methods","authors":"Hadis Montazerinejad, S. Montazerinejad, Ursula Eicker, Pouria Ahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.155956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.155956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research study, a recuperated MGT is numerically modeled. The governing mathematical equations are implemented in Fortran, a programming language, and the thermodynamic database necessary for the model is obtained through the Engineering Equation Solver (EES). To analyze the combustion dynamics of the dual-axial swirler combustor, a numerical simulation is carried out in Ansys Fluent utilizing the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) and the realizable k-ε turbulence model. This study assesses the emission characteristics of the proposed combustion chamber when using renewable fuels, including hydrogen and biogas, compared with fossil fuels such as methane. The considered pollutant level models include CFD simulations, an Equivalent Chemical Reactor Network (ECRN) model in Ansys Chemkin-Pro, and mathematical modeling. To assess NO<sub>X</sub> emissions, a two-step global reaction mechanism developed by Polifke is applied, and a new methodology that integrates a CFD simulation and a temperature-based criterion is proposed to predict CO emissions. Notably, in two distinct control scenarios, including the enriched combustion (ER = 1.2) and the highest ambient temperature (33°C), peak NO<sub>X</sub> emissions are observed during hydrogen combustion, while methane and biogas yield moderate and the lowest NO<sub>X</sub> concentrations, respectively. A parametric analysis in the CFD simulation is conducted under multiple power settings, ambient temperature, pilot fuel proportion (PFP), CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, and equivalence ratio (ER) for three fuel scenarios. The findings reveal that hydrogen and biogas fail to meet the emission limit, regardless of operating conditions. This can be attributed to the highest flame temperature of hydrogen and the presence of CO<sub>2</sub> in biogas as an inert diluent, which poses critical challenges to combustion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 155956"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song He, Xiangrun Ji, Ji Qi, Simin Wang, Juan Xiao
{"title":"Combustion characteristics and thermal stress distribution of hydrogen-enriched natural gas burner using thermal fluid-structure interaction simulation","authors":"Song He, Xiangrun Ji, Ji Qi, Simin Wang, Juan Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of hydrogen to natural gas can elevate the flame temperature, potentially leading to localized overheating of the burner and increasing the risk of structural failure. This work analyzed the effects of hydrogen on burner temperature, pollutant emissions, and structural performance using a one-way thermal fluid-structure interaction simulation. The results illustrate that when hydrogen blending ratio increases from 0% to 100%, the peak flame temperature along chamber central axis exhibits a 12.7% increase, with the corresponding axial position shifting toward the burner end-face. Concurrently, carbon emissions progressively decrease, while NO emission oxide displays an ascending trend. Additionally, thermal stress predominantly localizes in the vicinity of the swirler vanes and the connecting ring, and thermal deformation is primarily distributed in the burner head. Both thermal stress and total deformation approach their maximum at 80% hydrogen blending ratio. These results offer significant guidance for engineering applications of hydrogen-blended natural gas burners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156113"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerardo Stanzione, Andrea Piano, Federico Millo, Giovanni Vichi, Niccolò Fiorini
{"title":"Development and validation of a 1D-CFD combustion and emission model for a diesel hydrogen dual fuel marine medium-speed engine","authors":"Gerardo Stanzione, Andrea Piano, Federico Millo, Giovanni Vichi, Niccolò Fiorini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen utilization in internal combustion engines represents a promising pathway due to its negligible carbon content. Within this framework, this work presents novel combustion and emissions models for a diesel–hydrogen dual-fuel engine, enabling efficient system-level analysis. A compression-ignition engine retrofitted from conventional diesel operation was selected as a test case and modified with a port fuel injection system to supply gaseous hydrogen. The combustion model is based on an ignition delay metamodel derived from detailed chemical kinetics, capturing both the promoting and inhibiting effects of hydrogen on diesel ignition. Additionally, the spray penetration model was modified, improving agreement with experimental data across all investigated conditions. The model was validated against an extensive experimental campaign, achieving low RMSE values for MFB50 and burn duration (1.20 deg and 1.61 deg, respectively). Finally, a NOx emissions sub-model was integrated, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed simulation framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156136"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water-floating nanostructured g-C3N4/SWCNT nanocomposite films enabling simultaneous thermoelectric power generation and photocatalytic hydrogen production","authors":"Reon Okutsu, Shuya Ochiai, Tatsuya Itabashi, Yoshiyuki Shinozaki, Hiroto Nakayama, Ryota Gemma, Masayuki Takashiri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable energy harvesting from aquatic environments has typically relied on a single output, either thermoelectric generators (TEGs) driven by evaporative cooling or photocatalytic hydrogen production, failing to exploit the complex energy gradients at the air–water interface. Here, we report the first integration of thermoelectric and photocatalytic functions into a single water-floating platform, using a tailored nanocomposite of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The integration is synergistic: the SWCNT network provides an efficient charge-transport pathway that enhances photocatalytic activity while maintaining the heat-source-free temperature gradient required for TEG operation. The 7.5% g-C3N4/SWCNT film exhibited a peak power factor of 18.3 μW/(m·K<sup>2</sup>), while the 100% device achieved a 5.1 mV output voltage under UV irradiation—a 38% improvement over pristine SWCNT-TEGs. The system also produced hydrogen and methane from water containing a sacrificial agent, establishing a new paradigm for multifunctional aquatic energy harvesters addressing the Water-Energy Nexus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156207"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-lean hydrogen combustion in a micro-mixing micro combustor: flame stabilization analysis","authors":"Sreejith Sudarsanan, Prabhu Selvaraj, Akram Mohammad, Ratna Kishore Velamati","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A micro combustor integrated with a micro-mixing mechanism was employed to investigate the flame stabilization characteristics of hydrogen–air mixtures from lean to ultra-lean inlet conditions. Stable flames were successfully sustained at remarkably low equivalence ratios, including ϕ<sub>g</sub> = 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.125. The lean stability limit for H<sub>2</sub>–air flames was determined to be ϕ<sub>g</sub> = 0.125 using both 2D and 3D numerical models. At lower inlet velocities, low-temperature chemistry occurs near the micro-mixing slot, where localized heat release promotes the formation of a pure diffusion flame in the main reaction zone. The 2D and 3D models were compared in terms of flame stabilization and showed close agreement, thereby validating the use of the 2D model for higher aspect ratios. The local equivalence ratio at the central slot interface (ϕ<sub>inter</sub>), identified as a critical parameter influencing flame stabilization and found to be in a range of 0.5 to 7.0. Heat recirculation analysis was conducted to quantify the heat flux from flame to bluff body and bluff body to unburnt gas or mixture at lean to ultra-lean conditions. Even though the wall temperature is relatively low at ultra-lean conditions, it presents a potential advantage for energy harvesting applications, specifically favorable circumstances for the integration of thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules in direct contact with the combustor wall or utilizing EGT, thereby enabling power generation with minimal fuel consumption. A maximum firing rate of 904 W was achieved without any indication of flame lift-off, demonstrating enhanced flame stabilization of hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156193"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ reduction of platinum in ethyl cellulose combined with tungsten oxide nanoparticles for hydrogen detection","authors":"Bu Si, Haijiao Nan, Siniya Mondal, Keisuke Yamamoto, Yohei Nishigai, Xuecheng Wu, Takashi Nakajima","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethylcellulose (EC) exhibits low water solubility but exceptionally high gas permeability, making it a promising platform for gas sensing applications. In this work, an in-situ thermal reduction strategy is developed to synthesize platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) within ultrathin EC films (thickness∼30 nm), which are subsequently integrated with tungsten oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) NPs to construct a hydrogen-sensitive EC-Pt–WO<sub>3</sub> composite film. This method enables a high yield of uniformly distributed Pt NPs with relatively small particle sizes with minimal aggregation of Pt NPs. The successful formation of Pt NPs and their interaction with WO<sub>3</sub> NPs is studied by SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirm the formation of Pt NPs and the formation of a catalytically active EC-Pt–WO<sub>3</sub> composite system. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between Pt NPs, EC polymer matrix, and WO<sub>3</sub> NPs, the composite films exhibit an ultrafast and reversible hydrogen-induced colorimetric response, with a coloration time of approximately 0.2 s and a recovery time of ∼0.5 s. When employed as hydrogen-sensitive materials in fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, the EC-Pt–WO<sub>3</sub> films demonstrate a response time of ∼25 s and a wavelength shift of ∼2.3 nm at 1 vol% H<sub>2</sub>. Owing to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of EC, the sensor exhibits a certain degree of water resistance, enabling stable operation under humid or condensation-prone environments. Furthermore, our fabrication strategy of sensor head effectively prevents separation of sensing material, significantly improving the mechanical robustness and service lifetime of the FBG-based sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156077"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen Pietschmann, Diego A. Duarte, Fabio S. Toniolo, Dachamir Hotza, Rafael C. Catapan
{"title":"Stable Al2O3 washcoat on additively manufactured 316L monoliths for ethanol steam reforming and hydrogen production","authors":"Ellen Pietschmann, Diego A. Duarte, Fabio S. Toniolo, Dachamir Hotza, Rafael C. Catapan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing enables metallic structured catalysts with tailored geometry, but stable ceramic washcoats on metallic monoliths remain a challenge under ethanol steam reforming (ESR) conditions. Here, selective-laser-melted 316L monoliths were pretreated by thermal and chemical routes, coated with <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, impregnated with Ni, and evaluated under thermal cycling to 600 °C and ESR. SEM/EDS showed that printing-induced surface features, including partially fused particles, pores, and staircasing, promoted mechanical anchoring of the washcoat. After 10 thermal cycles, untreated monoliths retained 93.8% of the alumina, while all pretreated samples remained above 95%. Under ESR, the bare 316L monolith showed moderate activity, whereas the Ni/<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/316L monolith achieved near-complete ethanol conversion from 425 °C, higher H<sub>2</sub> selectivity, and lower intermediate formation. This combination of structural design, surface engineering, and catalytic functionality positions additively manufactured metallic monoliths as promising structured catalysts for distributed hydrogen production from renewable ethanol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156099"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fe-driven surface reconstruction of self-supported Ni3S2 nanosheet electrodes enables energy-efficient urea-assisted water electrolysis","authors":"Tariq Ali, Shahid Khan, Yiwei Li, Tariq Bashir, Bingjie Fang, Saleem Raza, Yeyuan Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urea-assisted water electrolysis offers a promising strategy for energy-saving hydrogen production with simultaneous wastewater valorization. Herein, a self-supported Fe-decorated Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> nanosheet electrode on nickel foam (Fe–Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF) was prepared by hydrothermal growth followed by Fe electrodeposition. Structural characterization confirmed Fe introduction preserved the Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> phase while inducing surface/electronic modulation. Electrochemically, Fe–Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF exhibited enhanced hydrogen evolution activity with overpotentials of 160, 222, and 259 mV at 10, 50, and 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively (Tafel slope: 79 mV·dec<sup>−1</sup>). For urea oxidation, it delivered 10, 50, and 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at 0.97, 0.99, and 1.01 V, reducing the anodic potential by ∼0.62 V <em>vs.</em> OER at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. A symmetric Fe–Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF || Fe–Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF electrolyzer required only 1.58–1.86 V for 10–100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and operated stably for 50 h at 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, demonstrating a scalable noble-metal-free electrode for energy-efficient hydrogen production coupled with urea oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156226"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time optimal scheduling of integrated electricity-thermal-hydrogen systems using multi-agent reinforcement learning","authors":"Xueru Lin, Xiaojie Lin, Wei Zhong, Jing Li, Xingtao Tian, Wei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time scheduling of integrated electricity-thermal-hydrogen systems is challenged by complex heterogeneous equipment coupling and operational uncertainties. Since existing methods often struggle to manage dynamic uncertainties and model high-dimensional decision spaces while enforcing constraints, this paper proposes a distributed learning-based scheduling method. Utilizing a centralized training with decentralized execution architecture, heterogeneous equipment is modeled as autonomous agents to enable coordinated decision-making. To significantly improve operational reliability, an augmented Lagrangian mechanism with adaptive multiplier updates embeds critical physical constraints directly into the learning process. Case studies show that the proposed method achieves near-optimal performance with only a 0.11% reward gap compared with mixed-integer programming while reducing online decision time to 0.08 s. The framework also improves constraint satisfaction and maintains robust operation under communication delays. Additional nonlinear-model experiments demonstrate its applicability to more detailed process representations. The proposed method provides an efficient and scalable solution for real-time scheduling of integrated electricity-thermal-hydrogen systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156195"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design & optimization of a hydrogen integrated Water–Energy–Food nexus under uncertainty","authors":"Kaan Altaş, Başar Kaan Tekkeşin, Erdal Aydın, Metin Türkay","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the optimal design and operation of an integrated Power-to-X (P2X) facility within a Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus framework. The superstructure encompasses 19 candidate technologies and twelve commodity networks. First-stage decisions fix capacities; second-stage decisions optimize hourly dispatch across 1152 operating hours under renewable uncertainty. Applied to an undeveloped site in Türkiye, the model selects 13 technologies centered on steam methane reforming with 90% carbon capture, chosen for dispatchable flexibility rather than unit cost alone, plus Haber–Bosch synthesis, Sabatier methanation, and 94 MW of rated renewable capacity. The Value of the Stochastic Solution is $12.9<!--> <!-->M/yr (13.7%), showing that deterministic design underinvests in capacity and omits storage buffers critical for resilience. Downstream operational requirements propagate through the conversion chain, shifting upstream investment by up to 14%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 156061"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148572143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}