International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen gas sensing performance of p-type copper and titanium mixed oxides: influence of the elemental composition and the annealing temperature","authors":"Ewa Mańkowska,&nbsp;Michał Mazur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, mixtures of copper and titanium oxides (CuTiOx) thin films are proposed as p-type hydrogen sensing material. After the deposition by magnetron sputtering, thin films were annealed at three temperatures, up to 300 °C. The influence of post-process modification on morphology and microstructure and the effect of various ratio of copper oxides to titanium oxides was investigated. It was found that for CuTiOx exhibited an improved response to hydrogen in comparison to copper oxides or titanium oxides. The highest sensor responses (over 11) were obtained after annealing at 300 °C for thin film. To create a gas sensing mechanism, the interaction of hydrogen with the surface was investigated. Hydrogen reduces copper oxides and titanium oxides to Cu₂O and Ti₂O₃. The sensing mechanism of CuTiOx is influenced by the adsorption of oxygen and reaction with hydrogen and also by the reduction of the sensing material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 292-302"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of light-dark cycles on hydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse by Rhodobacter sphaeroides","authors":"Wen Cao ,&nbsp;Xuan Wei ,&nbsp;Jiyan Lu ,&nbsp;Mengyao Li ,&nbsp;Jiali Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photo-fermentative hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass offers a clean, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative for energy generation. Large-scale photo-fermentative hydrogen production, ideally conducted under outdoor conditions is influenced by the daily light-dark cycle. This study examines the effect of a 12-h light-dark cycle (12L/12D) on hydrogen production by <em>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</em> HY01 using sugarcane bagasse (SCB), comparing it with continuous light (CL) conditions. The results show that bacterial growth was not significantly affected by the light-dark cycle. The optical density (OD₆₆₀) of the culture reached 3.25 under 12L/12D and 3.49 under CL. However, total hydrogen yield decreased substantially under the light-dark cycle, from 6020.11 ± 54.71 mL/L in CL to 4242.73 ± 182.03 mL/L in the 12L/12D condition. Additionally, the rate of hydrogen production was higher under CL (119.78 ± 4.82 mL/(L·h)) compared to 12L/12D (60.97 ± 7.27 mL/(L·h)), while the lag phase was shorter under CL, at 17.25 ± 1.04 h, versus 20.37 ± 3.98 h under 12L/12D. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified lactic acid, butyric acid, and ethanol as the primary soluble metabolites, with ethanol yield under 12L/12D being approximately half of that under CL. Notably, light conversion efficiency (LCE) for hydrogen production was significantly enhanced under the light-dark cycle, showing a 1.36-fold increase compared to CL conditions. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the influence of light cycles on biohydrogen production but also support the development of more efficient and cost-effective biohydrogen systems for sustainable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"145 ","pages":"Pages 28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma catalytic collaborative decomposition of methanol to hydrogen production","authors":"Shuming Li,&nbsp;Erjiang Hu,&nbsp;Geyuan Yin,&nbsp;Zuohua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel plasma-assisted methanol decomposition kinetic model is developed through experimental investigations which can reasonably predict the species concentration at different voltages. The methanol decomposition does not occur at 600 K without plasma, whereas it initiates at 450 K under plasma conditions. This is attributed to the new reactions between the high-energy electrons and Ar∗ with the methanol under the electric field. However, under plasma alone, H₂ selectivity is low as the formation of CH₃, which decreases the fluxes of H-abstraction reactions, such as CH₂OH + H<img>CH₂O + H₂. With plasma-catalyst, 15 % increase in H₂ selectivity and 12 % increase in CH₃OH conversion are achieved at 493 K and methanol tends to be converted more to CH₃O than to CH₂OH or CH₃ compared with plasma alone, which increases the CH₃O adsorbed on the surface of catalyst, facilitating the chain reaction (CH₃O→CH₂O→CO + H₂) and inhibits the conversion of CH₃O/CH₂OH to CH₃ and CH₂ by plasma, and as a result, the CH₃OH conversion rate and H₂ yield rate increase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia combustion enhancement by co-firing with methanol and ethanol: Insight into laminar flame propagation and NO formation","authors":"Jianguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Fang ,&nbsp;Chuangchuang Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Shi ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yuyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-firing NH₃ with renewable e-fuels like methanol (CH₃OH) and ethanol (C₂H₅OH) has become an important strategy to enhance its combustion reactivity. The laminar burning velocities (LBVs) of NH₃/CH₃OH and NH₃/C₂H₅OH up to 10 atm are measured in a combustion vessel. A high-temperature kinetic model for NH₃/CH₃OH and NH₃/C₂H₅OH combustion is built. NO formation characteristics are also investigated using kinetic simulation. Kinetic insights into the impacts of reactive fuel co-firing, equivalence ratio, and pressure on combustion enhancement and NO formation are provided through modeling analyses. Using the modified fictitious diluent gas method, the chemical effect is more dominant than the thermal effect in raising the LBVs of NH₃. The CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH co-firing markedly increases the concentration of reactive radicals (H, O, and OH) and changes the dominant chemistry from NH₃ combustion to CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH combustion. The chemical effect also accounts for the remarkable non-monotonic tendency of NO formation as the co-firing fuel ratios increases. The product of NH and H concentrations exhibits a profile that can closely mirror the non-monotonic tendency of NO, which arises from the synergistic effect of NH and H.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of L12-Pt3Co intermetallic compounds in fuel cells modulated by oxygen functional groups on the surface of carbon supports","authors":"Jian Cui ,&nbsp;Yifeng Zeng ,&nbsp;Qian Zheng ,&nbsp;Qian Peng ,&nbsp;Fengshan Yu ,&nbsp;Xingdong Wang ,&nbsp;Nanhong Xie ,&nbsp;Guoyong Huang ,&nbsp;Shengming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase transformation of disordered solid solution alloys to ordered intermetallic compounds via high-temperature annealing typically results in significant nanocrystal sintering, hindering practical applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Despite the potential significance of intermetallic compounds, the strategic modulation of surface oxygen content on carbon supports to optimize intermetallic compounds for fuel cell applications remains inadequately explored. This study systematically investigates the influence of oxygen functional groups on the carbon support surfaces on both intermetallic compound particle size formation and performance in PEMFCs. Comparative analysis of two pre-treatments shows that carbon supports with low surface oxygen content (EC-H₂/Ar) facilitate the formation of smaller Pt₃Co particles (6.02 ± 0.10 nm). Notably, Pt₃Co/EC-H₂/Ar showed exceptional stability in the Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) test, manifesting merely 14 mV decay in half-wave potential after 5000 ADT cycles. Meanwhile, it also achieved a peak power density of 0.78 W/cm² at 1.60 A/cm² in H₂-air single cell tests and a minimum loss of 12.2 % of peak power density was demonstrated after 5000 accelerated stress test (AST) cycles compared Pt₃Co/original and Pt₃Co/HNO₃. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the ordered Pt₃Co lattice effectively modulates the d-band center, thereby attenuating the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates and reducing the reaction barrier for the ORR process. Furthermore, the carbon surface with about 2.5 % oxygen exhibits enhanced metal-support interactions, significantly alleviates the dissolution of surface Pt atoms. significantly improving the anti-dissolution ability of surface Pt atoms. Such surface modification strategy of carbon supports effectively suppresses the sintering of intermetallic compounds while simultaneously establishing a viable pathway for their practical implementation in fuel cell applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental studies on a micron-copper powder enhanced multi-helical AB5 hydrogen storage reactor: Challenges and pathways to improved design","authors":"A.K. Aadhithiyan,&nbsp;S. Anbarasu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first of its kind, a four-helical copper tube structured AB₅-based hydrogen storage reactor, is fabricated based on the author's prior multi-objective optimization method. The reactor employed a 4 × 1.6 mm copper tube and recorded a weight ratio of 0.65. The reactor absorbed 68.82 g of hydrogen at 25 bar, 298 K, and 1.5 lpm in 1582 s with a volumetric storage density of 25.81 kg_H/m³ and thermal power of 114.81 W/kg_h. This study advances a pioneering thermal augmentation strategy, uniquely incorporating 3 % pure micro-copper powder (5 μm size) into the alloy bed. Integrating 3 % copper reduced the absorption time by 27.37 % (to 1149 s) under the same conditions while substantially enhancing thermal power (164.65 W/kg_h, ↑43.4 %). The experimental studies demonstrated that copper powder addition proved the most effective and economical strategy for enhancing heat transfer, all while maintaining the weight ratio. It enhanced thermal power by 43–58 %, reduced absorption time by 27–32 %, and enhanced heat extraction efficiency by 5–6 % across all experimental cases. Moreover, challenges encountered during fabrication and experimentation are analyzed, and an improved design is offered. The improved design, validated and simulated numerically, outperformed the fabricated reactor in weight ratio (↑27.69 %), thermal power (↑20.87 %), and volumetric storage density (6.35 %) at a reduced absorption time (↓13.65 %). The implementation of hybrid thermal energy storage indicated that the levelized energy cost for 10000 absorption cycles, heating ∼4.96 L of water per cycle to 343 K under 298 K, 1.5 lpm, and 25 bar conditions, is $0.26/kWh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 341-356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen permeation into pipeline sealing rubber: A molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Mengru Fang ,&nbsp;Xiong Xiao ,&nbsp;Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Shenbin Xiao ,&nbsp;Li Mo ,&nbsp;Jinzhu Chen ,&nbsp;Chao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubbers serve as essential pipeline sealing components, necessitating exceptional gas barrier properties to mitigate hydrogen permeation. This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze hydrogen permeation into pipeline sealing rubbers (NBR, HNBR, EPDM), developing molecular models via geometry optimization and annealing based on the algorithm of Steepest descent, ABNR, and Quasi-Newton. The models are validated with ≤3.03 % errors. Besides, using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and Einstein relation, solubility and diffusion coefficients are derived, revealing HNBR exhibits the lowest permeability. Temperature and pressure analysis shows HNBR's permeability is least affected by operational conditions. Fractional free volume analysis indicates tighter polymer chains in HNBR restrict hydrogen diffusion. Findings highlight HNBR as the optimal sealing material among these three rubbers for hydrogen pipelines due to its superior resistance to permeation under varying temperatures and pressures, making it advantageous for mitigating hydrogen ingress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 223-234"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid electrochemical-thermochemical loop for efficient hydrogen production based on the Mn/MnSO4 redox pair","authors":"Yunyu Li ,&nbsp;Yongrui Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuhai Pan ,&nbsp;Bahman Amini Horri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the reaction mechanism and electrolyte optimisation aspects of a novel low-temperature water-splitting system developed for the efficient production of hydrogen based on the Mn–MnSO₄ redox pair. The system incorporates an electrolysis step and an Mn²⁺ ion recovery step for splitting water in a cyclic operation. Two steps operate within similar temperature ranges, enabling tight integration and efficient heat exchange. The optimisation of electrolytes for the electrolysis step was first carried out in a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) H-cell. The experiments were figured out using a three-factor case study based on the factorial design approach, incorporating temperature, concentration, and pH value as the main variables. Subsequently, machine learning models were employed to analyse the data and predict the best pairing of electrolytes by systematically exploring the critical ratio of conductivity to potential. The results showed that at a cell voltage of 5.0 V and 40 °C, the ratio of importance between the conductivity and MEDR potential is 1:9 for the catholyte, while the anolyte ratio of importance between the conductivity and OER potential is 6:4. Accordingly, the optimal electrolyte composition was found to be a combination of MnSO₄ solution (1.64 mol/L; pH 2.86) with H₂SO₄ (25.25 wt%). Also, a remarkable corresponding current efficiency of 99.25 % was achieved with an overall energy conservation efficiency of 40.15 %. The proposed cycle is the first of its kind developed based on the chemical looping principle and can be potentially applied for large-scale continuous green hydrogen production at a low-levelized cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy, exergo-economic, sustainability, and combustion analysis of a dual-fuel diesel engine operating with hydrogen fuel","authors":"Anabayan Krishnamoorthy,&nbsp;Nataraj Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the hydrogen fuel feasibility in automotive applications, conventional combustion, performance, and emission analysis alone are not satisfactory. Thermodynamic analysis (energy and exergy analysis), sustainability, CO₂ impact, and economic analysis are also significant. The work investigates the impact of hydrogen inclusion and its various energy fractions in a modified compression ignition (CI) engine that works under diesel. The engine was tested at full load condition of 4.2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Gaseous hydrogen was introduced through port fuel injection (PFI) at different injection durations, and by this, different hydrogen energy share (HES) values of 0 %, to 39.48 % were achieved. Hydrogen addition has significantly contributed to the combustion process improvement. The highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was registered at 32.34 % HES value and was 11.89 % more than neat diesel operation. The first law and second law efficiency were also improved, with the highest values at 22.43 % HES, which were 4.06 % and 6.39 % more than neat diesel operation. Unburned Hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions were reduced for all HES values. However, due to enhanced combustion, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions increased with maximum values for both at 39.48 % HES. The sustainability index (SI) was within the range of 1.230–1.255, always higher than unity. Environmental impact, enviro-economic and enviro-social values also showed favourable values. At the same time, the CO₂ impact and the cost analysis implied that hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel engines need improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 269-291"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of double-shell vacuum insulation for liquefied hydrogen storage systems","authors":"Seung-Joo Cha ,&nbsp;Byeong-Kwan Hwang ,&nbsp;Hee-Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Gyung-Hun Lee ,&nbsp;Jong-Pil Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong-Hyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Jae-Myung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fundamental challenge in liquefied hydrogen (LH₂) storage tank design is the selection of advanced insulation materials that effectively minimize heat ingress in extreme vacuum environments. This study presents a pioneering structural-scale experimental system designed to rigorously assess the insulating performance of LH₂ storage systems. Subsequently, comprehensive vacuum evacuation experiments were conducted under air, nitrogen, and heated nitrogen conditions. The results from the present experimental system demonstrated that nitrogen accelerated soft vacuum formation by 50 %, while heated nitrogen significantly enhanced high-vacuum formation. The most effective approach integrated room-temperature nitrogen for rapid soft vacuum formation and heated nitrogen for achieving superior high vacuum conditions. Additionally, we obtained remarkable improvements of 48 % in low vacuum and 30 % in high vacuum for the multilayered insulation (MLI). To further optimize vacuum conditions, this study addresses challenges related to vacuum leakage and moisture absorption, proposing nitrogen purging and heat treatment techniques to enhance insulation reliability. The established structural-scale evaluation framework provides a robust foundation for the development of next-generation high-performance insulation systems, driving transformative advancements in hydrogen storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}