Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"PbSnRK1 ‐Mediated Phosphorylation of PbTCP13 Regulates Glucose‐Responsive Lignin Biosynthesis via PbMYB11 During Pear Stone Cell Formation","authors":"Jianan He, Xuxu Wang, Abdul Basit, Wen Li, Jiahui Chao, Wenyu Zhao, Mingxu Niu, Xin Yan, Yuanhui Yu, Kaijie Qi, Zhihua Xie, Shaoling Zhang, Katsuhiro Shiratake, Khanizadeh Shahrokh, Shutian Tao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70770","url":null,"abstract":"Stone cell lignification is a key determinant of pear fruit texture and commercial quality, and this process has been reported to be tightly coupled to cellular glucose availability. However, how glucose dose‐dependently targets transcription factor phosphorylation during lignin biosynthesis remains largely unknown. Using yeast two‐hybrid library screening and phosphorylation assays, we found that PbSnRK1, a glucose‐responsive kinase, interacts with and directly phosphorylates PbTCP13, thereby participating in the regulation of stone cell lignification. PbSnRK1 serves as an energy‐status sensor linking glucose signalling to biphasic regulation of lignin metabolism in pear. Under low‐glucose conditions, activated PbSnRK1 phosphorylates the transcription factor PbTCP13 at Ser265, targeting it for 26S proteasome‐mediated degradation and thereby derepressing PbMYB11‐ <jats:italic>PbCCR1</jats:italic> cascade associated with lignin biosynthesis. Under high‐glucose conditions, suppressed PbSnRK1 kinase activity results in PbTCP13 protein accumulation, which restricts excessive lignification by both repressing <jats:italic>PbCCR1</jats:italic> transcription and physically interacting with PbMYB11 to inhibit its transactivation capacity. This PbSnRK1‐PbTCP13‐PbMYB11 cascade, balanced by glucose concentration, acts as a molecular switch that activates stone cell formation and lignification at low‐glucose levels during early fruit development, while restricting excessive lignification at high‐glucose levels during later stages, providing new mechanistic insights into energy‐coupled secondary wall metabolism in fleshy fruits.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MaMPK3 ‐2 Phosphorylating and Stabilizing Transcriptional Repressor MaAS1 by Counteracting MaRNF4 ‐Mediated Ubiquitination During Banana Fruit Ripening","authors":"Ting‐Ting Luo, Ying‐Ying Yang, Hai‐Ke Tan, Wen Song, Wei Wei, Wei Shan, Jian‐Fei Kuang, Jian‐Ye Chen, Wang‐Jin Lu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70769","url":null,"abstract":"The ripening of fleshy fruits is strongly regulated by a complex interplay between transcriptional regulation and post‐translational modifications (PTMs). However, the specific PTM regulatory networks involved in fruit ripening remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify MaAS1, an R2R3‐type MYB transcription factor, as a key negative regulator of banana fruit ripening. MaAS1 directly binds to the promoters of the ripening‐associated genes <jats:italic>MaACS1</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>MaPME23</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MaEXPA15</jats:italic> and represses their transcription. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase MaMPK3‐2 phosphorylates MaAS1 at three specific sites (Ser61, Thr92 and Ser120), thereby enhancing its transcriptional repressor activity and protein stability and ultimately suppressing fruit ripening. In contrast, the ethylene‐induced E3 ubiquitin ligase MaRNF4 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of MaAS1, thereby promoting ripening. Notably, phosphorylation by MaMPK3‐2 antagonises MaRNF4‐mediated ubiquitination, maintaining MaAS1 levels and regulating ripening progression. Collectively, these findings reveal a regulatory module involving MaMPK3‐2, MaAS1 and MaRNF4, ultimately highlighting the intricate interplay between phosphorylation and ubiquitination in controlling fruit ripening, offering critical insights into the integrated regulatory network interconnecting transcription and PTMs during fruit ripening.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Gain‐of‐Function Mutation in DELLA Selectively Alters Protein Interactions to Regulate Wheat Tiller Angle and Plant Height","authors":"Chaoqun Dong, Dejie Du, Yingying Li, Siyao Jia, Zhe Zhang, Yiqing Wang, Shuai Zheng, Xincheng Wang, Mingming Xin, Yingyin Yao, Lingling Chai, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70763","url":null,"abstract":"Plant architecture, especially plant height and tiller angle, plays a pivotal role in determining wheat yield. In this study, we characterize a wheat mutant termed <jats:italic>prostrate and semidwarf 1</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>prose1</jats:italic> ), exhibiting both a prostrate growth habit and semidwarfism. Map‐based cloning of the causal gene of <jats:italic>prose1</jats:italic> identifies a semi‐dominant mutation in <jats:italic>Rht‐A1</jats:italic> –a homoeolog of the canonical Green Revolution genes–resulting in a glycine‐to‐glutamate substitution in the DELLA protein (designated <jats:italic>Rht‐A1h</jats:italic> ). The mutant protein displays enhanced physical interactions with tiller angle regulators including TaPROG1, TaLAZY1, TaLAZY4 and TaD14, while showing weakened interaction with TaHST1L. Consistently, overexpression of <jats:italic>TaPROG1</jats:italic> phenocopies the enlarged tiller angle defect of <jats:italic>prose1</jats:italic> . We further demonstrate that Rht‐A1h and TaPROG1 together repress their co‐regulated downstream genes, exemplified by the shoot gravitropism‐regulating <jats:italic>TaWOX11</jats:italic> . Knockout of <jats:italic>TaWOX11</jats:italic> indeed recapitulates the enlarged tiller angle and defective shoot gravitropic response. A parallel study independently identified the same Rht‐A1h mutation and its interaction with TaPROG1; our work provides complementary mechanistic insight by establishing <jats:italic>TaWOX11</jats:italic> as a downstream target of this regulatory module. Together, our findings reveal a gain‐of‐function DELLA mutation that coordinates plant height and tiller angle through enhanced TaPROG1 interaction and <jats:italic>TaWOX11</jats:italic> repression, and offer a genetic resource for fine‐tuning wheat plant architecture in breeding.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intronic Structural Variant in GhEBS1 Drives Cotton Fruit Size Divergence by Modulating Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression.","authors":"Furong Wang, Yu Chen, Zhangqiang Song, Ao Pan, Xuehan Huo, Jingxia Zhang, Yang Gao, Zhecheng Yuan, Mengchen Zhu, Mingyang Lei, Pei Zhang, Juan Zhou, Zhaohai Du, Shengli Wang, Jiaojiao Feng, Minghui Feng, Chuanban Li, Shoupu He, Tianzhen Zhang, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70761","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruit size is not only a crucial fitness trait in plant evolution but also an important agronomic target in crop domestication and improvement, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we identified an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene, GhEBS1 (ENLARGED BOLL SIZE 1), as a positive regulator of cotton boll size via map-based cloning. An 845-bp structural variant in the promoter-proximal intronic region of GhEBS1 alters local chromatin accessibility and histone modifications, specifically H3K27 and H3K9 methylation levels and acetylation, thereby modulating GhEBS1 expression and driving boll size divergence. Overexpression or heterologous expression of GhEBS1 in cotton (capsule), tomato (berry) and Arabidopsis (silique) promoted fruit enlargement, indicating its functional conservation. Further analysis showed that GhEBS1 interacts with GhPPD1/2 and GhKIX8/9 to modulate downstream cell proliferation-related genes to control cell number and boll size. Breeding evaluations confirm that the elite GhEBS1^L allele significantly increases boll size, seed size and boll weight. Haplotype analysis reveals that GhEBS1^L originated from Gossypium hirsutum race latifolium and underwent artificial selection during cotton domestication. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of plant fruit size and present a valuable genetic locus for crop yield improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HY5 Positively Regulates Autophagy to Mediate Red Light-Induced Tomato Fruit Ripening.","authors":"Ye Guo, Zhiru Bao, Yawen Huo, Ran Hu, Saiyu Cao, Pengwei Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Red light accelerates tomato fruit ripening, but the molecular link between light signalling and autophagy remains unclear. Here, we show that red light promotes fruit coloration by activating autophagy in tomato pericarp. This response largely depends on the transcription factor HY5, which positively regulates this process by directly activating ATG10 expression. ATG10 overexpression rescues the autophagic activity and the delayed coloration of hy5 mutants. Thus, the HY5-ATG10 module links red light to autophagy and fruit maturation, suggesting a target for improving fruit colour.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":"5570-5572"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lambda Red Recombinase‐Assisted CRISPR /Cas9 System for Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens ","authors":"Minmin Zheng, Rui Liu, Wei‐Chang Huang, Zuren Li, Kai Hua","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70768","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> is a powerful delivery tool for plant genetic transformation and a pivotal platform for agricultural biotechnology. However, laboratory strains of <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> have remained genetically unoptimized for decades, with genome engineering hindered by inefficient, endogenous homologous recombination systems. Here, we developed and optimized a lambda (λ) Red recombinase‐assisted CRISPR/Cas9 system that enables efficient and precise introduction of point mutations, insertions, deletions and large fragment replacements into both the chromosome and Ti plasmids of different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>A. tumefaciens</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> strains, with minimal off‐target editing. Editing efficiencies across eighteen target sites ranged from 26.7% to 100%, demonstrating the versatility of this method. Furthermore, we incorporated a <jats:italic>SacB</jats:italic> counter‐selection marker into our system that facilitates the plasmids curing after editing. Using this platform, we sequentially deleted four antibiotic‐resistance loci in strain EHA105, generating an antibiotic‐sensitive derivative, EHA105‐S, that maintains wild‐type growth kinetics and transformation efficiency. Additionally, we engineered the microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMPs) of two elongation factor Tu (EF‐Tu) genes, allowing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>A. tumefaciens</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> to escape EF‐Tu receptor (EFR) perception. The resulting engineered strains displayed enhanced transient expression efficiency in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> . Our λ Red‐assisted CRISPR/Cas9 system thus provides a robust, scalable and user‐friendly tool for <jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic> genome engineering, paving the way for the design of next‐generation strains to revolutionize plant transformation and advance synthetic biology applications in plants.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR /Cas9‐Mediated OsHMA3 Promoter Editing Reduces Rice Grain Cd Accumulation Without Yield Penalty","authors":"Weicai Chen, Xiangbing Meng, Chen Deng, Na Sai, Yanshuo Guo, Yanhui Jing, Mingjiang Chen, Guifu Liu, Jiayang Li, Hong Yu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tonoplast-Localized ABCC Transporters Enhance Heterologous Production of the Antidiabetic Montbretin A and Its Analogues in Nicotiana benthamiana.","authors":"Charlotte Hijmans, Filipe Cabrita Cruz, Lars H Kruse, Joerg Bohlmann, Sandra Irmisch","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70765","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant-derived specialized metabolite montbretin A (MbA) is under development as an improved treatment for Type 2 diabetes, a worldwide epidemic. MbA is an acylated flavonol glycoside so far only found in small amounts in montbretia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora) corms. The compound's structural complexity and low natural abundance present major challenges for large-scale production. To enable the development of a scalable MbA production system, we have previously engineered Nicotiana benthamiana to produce MbA. In addition to low levels of MbA, N. benthamiana also produces the pharmaceutically inactive analogues montbretin B and montbretin C, differing from MbA only in their acyl moieties. Follow-up research focusing on precursor engineering has improved MbA yield, but further yield optimization is required to establish N. benthamiana as a scalable MbA production system. Here, we report evidence that transport likely constrains heterologous montbretin production in N. benthamiana and that transporters can be leveraged as bioengineering tools to enhance yield. Specifically, co-expression of tonoplast localized CcABCC4 transporters with montbretin biosynthetic genes in N. benthamiana increased montbretin levels, including those of MbA. Yield increase is likely due to vacuolar sequestration and relies on the presence of an acyl group on the molecule. Eight out of fifteen ABCC4/14 transporters from plant species not known to produce montbretins also enhanced montbretin accumulation in N. benthamiana. These observations suggest that ABCC transporters might be versatile tools for bioengineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ERF Transcription Factor NaERFIDOG Regulates JA-Induced Defence and Growth Inhibition in Nicotiana attenuata Upon Alternaria alternata Infection","authors":"Luyan Zhao,&nbsp;Na Song,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Jinsong Wu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70703","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jasmonate (JA) regulates defence responses in plants. However, JA-induced defence often results in growth inhibition. This process is largely mediated by MYC2, the master regulator of JA signalling. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully uncovered. Here, we discovered that the ERF transcription factor NaERF_IDOG plays a key role in the JA-induced defence over growth in <i>Nicotiana attenuata</i> upon infection by the notorious fungal pathogen <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. <i>NaERF</i>_<i>IDOG</i> expression was directly controlled by JA through NaMYC2a/b. Plants silenced or knocked out for either <i>NaERF</i>_<i>IDOG</i> or both <i>NaMYC2a</i> and <i>NaMYC2b</i> exhibited similar phenotypes: they were both more vulnerable to <i>A. alternata</i> but grew larger. However, stable overexpression of <i>NaERF</i>_<i>IDOG</i> increased resistance to the fungus and reduced growth in both wild-type (WT) plants and those co-silenced with <i>NaMYC2a/b</i> to a similar extent. Further analysis indicated that NaERF_IDOG binds directly to the promoters of the biosynthetic genes for scopoletin, JA and GA, including <i>NaF6'H1</i>, <i>NaAOS</i> and <i>NaKAO1-like</i>, thereby activating scopoletin and JA biosynthesis while suppressing GA biosynthesis. Finally, our results revealed that both increasing scopoletin levels and reducing GA biosynthesis were involved in JA-induced disease resistance and growth inhibition. Thus, our study revealed how JA prioritizes defence against <i>A. alternata</i> over growth by a novel regulatory network, JA-MYC2-ERF_IDOG-Scopoletin/JA/GA. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the trade-off between defence and growth in plants and highlight the key role of NaERF_IDOG in the biosynthesis of scopoletin, JA and GA.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"24 10","pages":"5266-5283"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The E3 Ubiquitin Ligases SINA3 and SINA5 Control DEP2 Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation to Regulate Grain Size and Weight in Rice","authors":"Hongming Wu,&nbsp;Xiejun Sun,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Chen Xie,&nbsp;Yingli Lv,&nbsp;Xiaoman You,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohang Han,&nbsp;Yun Zhu,&nbsp;Yimin Lin,&nbsp;Yehui Xiong,&nbsp;Qibing Lin,&nbsp;Cailin Lei,&nbsp;Xiuping Guo,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhu,&nbsp;Zhijun Cheng,&nbsp;Yulong Ren,&nbsp;Ling Jiang,&nbsp;Jianmin Wan","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70723","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grain size is a critical agronomic trait, yet the molecular mechanisms governing its determination in crops remain incompletely understood. While recent studies revealed that OsRING80 facilitates DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 2 (DEP2) degradation to mediate immunity without impacting growth and development, our work identifies a distinct regulatory pathway controlling grain development. We demonstrate that two RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, SEVEN IN ABSENTIA 3 (SINA3) and SINA5, post-translationally regulate the stability of DEP2 (also known as SRS1/EP2/OsRELA/SUG1) to modulate grain size. SINA3 and SINA5 physically interact with DEP2, specifically mediated through the C1 structural region of DEP2 containing a coiled-coil domain. These E3 ligases promote K48-linked polyubiquitination of DEP2, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis identified six critical lysine residues (K399, K722, K746, K958, K962 and K1344) within DEP2 that are essential for its ubiquitylation and subsequent destabilization. Our genetic evidence further supports this regulatory module: knockout of <i>SINA3</i> and/or <i>SINA5</i> leads to DEP2 accumulation, concomitantly increasing grain size and 1000-grain weight significantly, without altering other agronomic traits; conversely, overexpression of <i>SINA3</i> or <i>SINA5</i> reduces DEP2 protein levels and diminishes grain size and weight. Therefore, our study uncovers a novel post-translational regulatory module where SINA3 and SINA5 control DEP2 stability to fine-tune grain development. These findings present a promising strategy for optimizing grain yield by manipulating this post-translational regulatory node.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"24 10","pages":"5483-5497"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.70723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}