Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"A MYB61-SWB9-KOs module regulates grain chalkiness via gibberellin biosynthesis in rice endosperm","authors":"Yujuan Chen, Suozhen Hui, Huijuan Li, Guiai Jiao, Ruijie Cao, Liang Zhou, Jingxin Wang, Amos Musyoki Mawia, Lingwei Yang, Yu Wu, Yuanyaun Zhang, Zhonghua Sheng, Gaoneng Shao, Fengli Zhao, Ling Wang, Yusong Lyu, Shaoqing Tang, Shikai Hu, Peisong Hu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70103","url":null,"abstract":"Grain chalkiness leads to the deterioration of grain appearance quality, which affects grain processing quality and the market value of rice. Gibberellin plays a crucial role in seed germination and plant growth, but its mechanism on endosperm starch synthesis and rice grain chalkiness formation remains largely elusive. Here, we identified a grain white belly (chalkiness in the belly area of grain) gene, <i>SWB9</i>, which encodes a kinesin-4 protein with a conserved ATPase domain and a coiled-coil domain. The mutation of <i>SWB9</i> affects the starch structure, resulting in a grain white belly. <i>SWB9</i> regulates endogenous gibberellin synthesis and accumulation in endosperm by directly binding to the promoter of ent-kaurene oxidase genes (<i>KO1, KO2 and KOL5</i>) encoding gibberellin-biosynthetic enzymes, and negatively regulates their expression. The loss of <i>SWB9</i> function resulted in higher gibberellin content in the endosperm of <i>swb9</i> than that of the wild type. Besides, a MYB transcription factor, MYB61 binds to the promoter of <i>SWB9</i> and activates its expression. The grain of <i>myb61</i> showed the same white belly phenotype as <i>swb9,</i> while overexpression of <i>SWB9</i> in <i>myb61</i> inhibited the grain white belly phenotype. Furthermore, the exogenous GA₃ treatment showed increased grain chalkiness, and high gibberellin treatment can induce the reduced expression of <i>MYB61</i>, and then weaken the inhibitory effect of SWB9 on the expression of <i>KO1, KO2 and KOL5</i>, so as to break the homeostasis of endogenous gibberellin in the endosperm. Meanwhile, MYB61 directly binds to the promoter of amylopectin synthesis-related genes, <i>SSIIa</i>, <i>BEIIb</i>, <i>ISA1</i> and <i>PUL,</i> at the GAMYB element and activates their expression, further affecting the distribution of amylopectin chain length. Our findings uncover a new insight into the gibberellin dose-dependent feedback regulation loop in rice endosperm that determines grain chalkiness formation.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding triple-advantage cottonseed with higher yield, enhanced nutrition, and reduced toxicity by redirecting terpenoid metabolism to astaxanthin","authors":"Lu Long, Ying-Chao Tang, Zhen-Nan Zhang, Yi-Bo Fan, Guan-Ying Wang, Ting-Wan Li, Gai-Yuan Hu, Shen-Zhai Shang, Man Jiang, Hao-Ge Song, Yuan-Mei Miao, Zhong-Ping Xu, Shuang-Xia Jin, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70116","url":null,"abstract":"Cottonseed is a valuable source of edible oil and protein, but its utilization is limited by high gossypol content. In this study, we engineered cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) to biosynthesize astaxanthin through both single-gene (<i>CrBKT</i>) and multi-gene (<i>CrBKT</i>, <i>ZmPSY1</i>, <i>PaCrtI</i>, <i>HpCrtZ</i>) expression strategies. Transgenic cotton plants exhibited significant astaxanthin accumulation across multiple tissues, with distinct red pigmentation observed in leaves, stems, reproductive organs, and cottonseeds. While single <i>CrBKT</i> expression was sufficient to redirect metabolic flux toward astaxanthin biosynthesis, multi-gene transformation did not necessarily lead to higher astaxanthin levels, suggesting that BKT is the key determinant of astaxanthin accumulation in cotton. Additionally, BKT-overexpressing plants produced larger cottonseeds, with increased seed weight and size, indicating a possible link between carotenoid metabolism and seed development. Importantly, gossypol content was significantly reduced in transgenic cottonseeds, likely due to the redistribution of terpene metabolism. The qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that the expression of key gossypol biosynthetic genes was downregulated, supporting a metabolic trade-off between astaxanthin and gossypol biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that cotton can serve as a biofactory for astaxanthin production, providing a scalable and cost-effective alternative to traditional sources. Furthermore, the dual benefits of enhanced nutrition and reduced toxicity significantly expand the potential applications of cottonseed in human food, animal feed, and functional ingredient markets.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of high-pressure propagation breeding (HPPB)-mediated genetic transformation system in citrus rootstocks","authors":"Si-Yu Zhang, Rui-Fang Luo, Ya-Xiao Wu, Ting-Ting Zhang, Abdulhamid Yusuf, Nian Wang, Min Li, Shuo Duan","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70072","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Citrus cultivation plays a pivotal role in global agriculture and food security. With intensifying international market competition and increasing environmental challenges, citrus crops have become particularly urgent (Mukhametzyanov &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Traditional breeding and genetic transformation are two main strategies for improvement, with the latter gaining more attention due to its ability to introduce specific traits that are difficult to achieve through conventional methods (Gutierrez-E &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). Citrus rootstocks are crucial for enhancing fruit quality, disease resistance, and stress tolerance; their root systems are not only vital for water and nutrient uptake but also help establish beneficial connections with soil bacteria (Song &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Genetic transformation technology offers tremendous potential for improving citrus crops without altering the genetic background of the scion (Cheng &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). This technology enhances rootstock quality, disease resistance, reduces pesticide use, improves fruit safety, and boosts market competitiveness (D'Amico &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Moreover, the improved rootstock root systems can better adapt to adverse environments, promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, and enhance soil fertility and structure. Despite the labor-intensive, time-consuming, and contamination-prone nature of traditional transgenic root production methods, recent research suggests that cutting plants and encouraging rooting can accelerate the growth of transgenic roots (Ma &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, the cutting approach requires strict management conditions and may lead to delays in the cultivation and dissemination of genetically improved rootstocks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In summary, HPPB encompasses the following three main steps (Part I of Figure 1): First, the transgenic binary vector plasmid carrying the target gene is introduced into &lt;i&gt;A. rhizogenes&lt;/i&gt; K599. Subsequently, K599 is cultured in YEP medium until the optical density at 600 nm (OD&lt;sub&gt;600&lt;/sub&gt; value) reaches a range of 0.6–0.8. Then, K599 is harvested and resuspended in MES solution (10 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 10 mM MES [pH 5.6], and 100 μM AS), followed by incubation in the dark for 2–4 h to activate the root-inducing function of &lt;i&gt;A. rhizogenes&lt;/i&gt;. Second, select citrus plants aged 2–3 years. After removing thorns and branches from the stem, make precise incisions on the stem with a blade (Figure S7a), ensuring that each incision is deep enough to expose the phloem and reach the xylem layer. Subsequently, attach absorbent paper soaked with the MES solution containing K599 to the wound and keep it there for 20 min. Finally, cover the wound area with a HPPB box pre-filled with 0–6 mm cultivation substrate (PINDSTRUP SPHAGNUM, Shanghai, China), and inject 1–2 mL of the MES solution containing K599 into ","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural variation of CsUGT71A60 determines growth and cold tolerance via regulating cytokinin glycosylation in Camellia sinensis","authors":"Mingyue Zhao, Jingming Wang, Xinyuan Hao, Jieyang Jin, Junwei Tang, Yueyue Wang, Mengting Zhang, Tingting Jing, Wilfried Schwab, Ting Gao, Xinchao Wang, Chuankui Song","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70112","url":null,"abstract":"Cold stress severely limits tea plant (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) productivity, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation remain elusive. Here, we identified a cold-inducible glycosyltransferase, CsUGT71A60, through integrative genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and proteomic profiling. Natural variation in <i>CsUGT71A60</i> was strongly associated with cold tolerance, as evidenced by linkage disequilibrium analysis of flanking SNPs. Functional characterization revealed that CsUGT71A60 specifically catalyses the glycosylation of cis-zeatin to form cis-zeatin 9-O-glucoside in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of <i>CsUGT71A60</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> enhanced cold tolerance and agronomic traits, including germination rate, tiller number and seed weight, while delaying flowering. Transient silencing of <i>CsUGT71A60</i> in tea plants disrupted cis-zeatin homoeostasis, impairing antioxidant defences and osmotic regulation under cold stress. Mechanistically, the transcription factor ARR (TEA021099) directly binds to CRM elements in the CsUGT71A60 promoter, activating its expression to fine-tune cytokinin signalling. This study unveils a dual-function glycosyltransferase that orchestrates stress tolerance and developmental plasticity, offering a strategic target for breeding climate-tolerance crops without yield penalties.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioengineered poplar fibres via PagGLR2.8 editing: A synergistic design for high-performance biocomposites","authors":"Yi An, Shi-Qi Wang, Xin-Yi Jia, Xue Jiao, Mei-Qiao Qu, Yan Dong, Zhong-Yuhan Wang, Zhong-Yi Ma, Song Yang, Xiao Han, Li-Chao Huang, Ning-Ning Chen, Cheng Jiang, Meng-Zhu Lu, Jin-Feng Dai, Jin Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70115","url":null,"abstract":"The urgent need to replace petroleum-derived materials with sustainable alternatives drives innovation at the nexus of plant biotechnology and materials science. Here, we engineered <i>Populus alba</i> × <i>P. glandulosa</i> ‘84 K’ through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of <i>PagGLR2.8</i>, a glutamate receptor gene regulating vascular development, to investigate its role in fibre biosynthesis and composite performance. Knockout of <i>PagGLR2.8</i> improved the quality of poplar fibre by altering the structure and development mode of poplar vascular tissue. Our study established the relationship between fibre quantity and structure and the performance of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. The mechanical and fire-resistance properties of these transgenic plant fibres/PLA composites significantly outperformed those of pure PLA, demonstrating the potential of phloem fibres to reinforce toughened composites. Notably, we also evaluated flammability and dripping behaviours, with findings indicating that our optimised fibre/PLA composites exhibit superior strengths, modulus, fire resistance, and anti-dripping, surpassing those of PLA. This research unveils a groundbreaking approach to regulating composite properties through genetic manipulation and highlights the promising potential of plant-derived materials in enriching forest resources and advancing the sustainable utilisation of poplar fibres and polymers.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verticillium dahliae effector Vd06254 disrupts cotton defence response by interfering with GhMYC3-GhCCD8-mediated hormonal crosstalk between jasmonic acid and strigolactones","authors":"Jianhui Ma, Fan Jiang, Yan Yu, Haodan Zhou, Jingjing Zhan, Jianing Li, Yanli Chen, Ye Wang, Hongying Duan, Xiaoyang Ge, Zhenzhen Xu, Hang Zhao, Lisen Liu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Verticillium dahliae</i> is among the most destructive plant pathogens, posing a significant threat to global cotton production. Cotton plants have developed sophisticated immune networks to inhibit <i>V. dahliae</i> colonization. Ingeniously, <i>V. dahliae</i> employs numerous virulent effectors to surmount plant immune responses. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of <i>V. dahliae</i>-derived effectors remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the Vd06254 effector from <i>V. dahliae</i> disrupts the synergistic interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) and strigolactones (SL), thereby suppressing cotton immunity. Ectopic expression of <i>Vd06254</i> enhanced susceptibility to both viral and <i>V. dahliae</i> infections in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and cotton, respectively. Vd06254 directly interacts with the JA pathway regulator GhMYC3. The nuclear localization signal (NLS) was found to be essential for the virulence of Vd06254 and its interaction with GhMYC3. Additionally, overexpression and knockout of <i>GhMYC3</i> in cotton modified the plant's resistance to <i>V. dahliae</i>. Our findings further reveal that GhMYC3 inhibits the expression of <i>GhCCD8</i> by binding to its promoter, potentially regulating SL homeostasis in cotton through a negative feedback loop. This repression was enhanced by Vd06254, highlighting its crucial role in modulating cotton immunity and illustrating how <i>V. dahliae</i> effectors reprogram cotton transcription to disrupt this regulatory mechanism.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRY1–GAIP1 complex mediates blue light to hinder the repression of PIF5 on AGL5 to promote carotenoid biosynthesis in mango fruit","authors":"Manman Zhang, Yongchen Fang, Fan Jiang, Yifei Liao, Chen Pan, Jiage Li, Jiahao Wu, Qinsong Yang, Rongling Qin, Songling Bai, Yuanwen Teng, Junbei Ni","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70100","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids are essential natural pigments that not only determine the commercial value of horticultural crops through colouration but also serve as vital antioxidants and provitamin A precursors in the human diet. Our previous research has demonstrated that blue light induces carotenoid biosynthesis in mango fruit. However, a critical knowledge gap remains regarding how blue light regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in fruit. In this study, blue light-induced <i>MiAGL5</i> was identified to promote carotenoid biosynthesis by activating the promoters of <i>MiBCH1</i> and <i>MiZEP</i>. Subsequently, MiPIF5, a phytochrome interacting factor, transcriptionally inhibited <i>MiAGL5</i> expression. MiGAIP1, a DELLA protein, promoted carotenoid biosynthesis by interacting with MiPIF5 and preventing its repression of <i>MiAGL5</i>. Furthermore, blue light stabilized MiGAIP1 protein through MiCRY1–MiGAIP1 interaction and reduced MiGAIP1 degradation by decreasing GA content in mango fruit. Additionally, MiGAIP1 mediated the antagonistic effects between blue light and GA in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that blue light induces carotenoid biosynthesis through a mechanism involving MiCRY1–MiGAIP1 complex-mediated inhibition of MiPIF5 repression on MiAGL5. Our work provides solid evidence for CRY-DELLA-PIF-AGL cross-talk in plant metabolism and establishes a new paradigm for light-hormone antagonism in the regulation of specialized metabolites.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards engineering hybrid incompatibility in plants.","authors":"Matthew H Zinselmeier,J Armando Casas-Mollano,Jonathan Cors,Savio S Ferreira,Daniel F Voytas,Michael J Smanski","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking down data silos across companies to train genome‐wide predictions: A feasibility study in wheat","authors":"Moritz Lell, Abhishek Gogna, Vincent Kloesgen, Ulrike Avenhaus, Jost Dörnte, Wera Maria Eckhoff, Tobias Eschholz, Mario Gils, Martin Kirchhoff, Michael Koch, Sonja Kollers, Nina Pfeiffer, Matthias Rapp, Valentin Wimmer, Markus Wolf, Jochen Reif, Yusheng Zhao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70095","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryBig data, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, holds the potential to significantly enhance the accuracy of genome‐wide predictions. Motivated by the success reported for wheat hybrids, we extended the scope to inbred lines by integrating phenotypic and genotypic data from four commercial wheat breeding programs. Acting as an academic data trustee, we merged these data with historical experimental series from previous public–private partnerships. The integrated data spanned 12 years, 168 environments, and provided a genomic prediction training set of up to ~9500 genotypes for grain yield, plant height and heading date. Despite the heterogeneous phenotypic and genotypic data, we were able to obtain high‐quality data by implementing rigorous data curation, including SNP imputation. We utilized the data to compare genomic best linear unbiased predictions with convolutional neural network‐based genomic prediction. Our analysis revealed that we could flexibly combine experimental series for genomic prediction, with prediction ability steadily improving as the training set sizes increased, peaking at around 4000 genotypes. As training set sizes were further increased, the gains in prediction ability decreased, approaching a plateau well below the theoretical limit defined by the square root of the heritability. Potential avenues, such as designed training sets or novel non‐linear prediction approaches, could overcome this plateau and help to more fully exploit the high‐value big data generated by breaking down data silos across companies.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CmFDa-mediated epigenetic regulation of flowering in chrysanthemum","authors":"Wanjie Xue, Jiaxu Shi, Zhuozheng Li, Yumeng Zhang, Mingwei Tang, Xinyu Du, Zeyu An, Haowen Chen, Dian Yang, Xueqi Li, Fanqi Bu, Jialin Xu, Yu Wang, Qingzhu Zhang, Yuhua Li, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70097","url":null,"abstract":"FD, a conserved bZIP transcription factor, is well known for its role in promoting flowering. Here, we uncover that a short coding sequence of the <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium FD</i> gene, <i>CmFDa</i>, represses flowering. Interestingly, we identified <i>CmFDa</i> as a novel epiallele stringently regulated by DNA methylation in chrysanthemum for the first time. Epigenetic editing of the <i>CmFDa</i> promoter using the CRISPR-dCas9-TET1cd for demethylation or dCas9-SunTag-NtDRM2cd for methylation can, respectively, repress or promote flowering. <i>CmFDa</i> epigenetically represses the floral transition by suppressing the expression of the floral activators <i>CmSOC1</i> and <i>CmAP1</i>. We show that CmFDa recruits the Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to the <i>CmSOC1</i> and <i>CmAP1</i> promoters. These results reveal that CmFDa is an inhibitor of flowering by epigenetic repression of flowering integrator genes. This study provides a novel strategy for the epigenetic improvement of flowering time in plants.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}