Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"VqERF1B-VqERF062-VqNSTS2 transcriptional cascade enhances stilbene biosynthesis and resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine","authors":"Chaohui Yan, Wandi Liu, Ruimin Li, Guotian Liu, Yuejin Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70041","url":null,"abstract":"Grapes, as one of the world's oldest economic crops, are severely affected by grape powdery mildew, causing significant economic losses. As a phytoalexin against powdery mildew, stilbenes and their key synthetic gene, <i>stilbene synthase</i> (<i>STS</i>), are highly sought after by researchers. In our previous research, a new gene, <i>VqNSTS2</i>, was identified from <i>Vitis quinquangularis</i> accession 'Danfeng-2' through transcriptomic analysis. However, the function and molecular mechanism of <i>VqNSTS2</i> gene remain unknown. Here, by characterization and transient overexpression of <i>VqNSTS2</i>, we demonstrated that its expression product, stilbenes, can be detected in the model plant tobacco, which does not inherently contain <i>STSs</i>. After artificially inoculating transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing <i>VqNSTS2</i> with <i>Erysiphe necator</i>, it was found that <i>VqNSTS2</i> actively moved to the pathogen's haustorium after responding to the pathogen, recognized and enveloped the haustorium, blocking the pathogen's infection and invasion and exhibited disease resistance. Furthermore, <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated stable overexpression of <i>VqNSTS2</i> promoted stilbene accumulation and enhanced resistance of the <i>V. vinifera</i> susceptible cultivar 'Thompson Seedless' to <i>E. necator</i>. Additionally, through screening and identification, a transcription factor, VqERF062, was found to directly bind to the DRE and RAA motifs on ProVqNSTS2, positively regulating <i>VqNSTS2</i> expression. Moreover, VqERF062 directly interacted with VqERF1B to promote the transcription of <i>VqNSTS2</i> in addition to forming a homodimer with itself. Taken together, our findings reveal that the VqERF1B-VqERF062- module is required for grape resistance to <i>E. necator</i> and providing insights into the regulatory mechanism of stilbenes biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of a modified Avr3a gene under the control of a synthetic pathogen-inducible promoter leads to Phytophthora infestans resistance in potato","authors":"Friedrich Kauder, Gabor Gyetvai, Klaus Schmidt, Daniel Stirnweis, Tobias Haehre, Kai Prenzler, Anja Maeser, Christine Klapprodt, Florian Tiller, Jens Lübeck, Dietmar J. Stahl","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14615","url":null,"abstract":"Late blight resistance of potato was improved by the co-expression of the potato resistance gene <i>R3a</i> and the pathogen-inducible avirulence gene <i>Avr3a</i> of <i>Phytopthora infestans</i>. The synthetic pathogen-inducible promoter 2xS-4xD-NpCABE_core, which is composed of the <i>cis</i>-acting elements S and D and the core promoter of the <i>NpCABE</i> gene, was developed for potato. By analysis of 20 core promoters from Solanacea species synthetic promoters of the 2xS-2xD-type were generated which differ in their background activity, strength and promoter inducibility. These data showed that the core promoter plays an important role for the architecture of a synthetic promoter and influences the specificity and strength beside the <i>cis</i>-acting element. The 2xS-2xD-NpCABE_core promoter was further improved by increasing the number of the <i>cis</i>-acting elements resulting in the 2xS-4xD-NpCABE_core promoter. Modified <i>Avr3a</i> alleles, which triggered less cell death than the <i>Avr3a</i>^KI allele, were expressed with the optimized synthetic promoter in transgenic potatoes with an <i>R3a</i> gene. The transgenic lines showed less late blight symptoms and up to 60% reduction of sporangia in detached leaf assays. The absence of a negative plant phenotype in the greenhouse demonstrated that the balanced co-expression of a modified <i>Avr3a</i> gene under the control of an optimized synthetic promoter is a promising strategy to increase late blight resistance of potatoes. This concept might be as well applied to other crops since the co-expression of the <i>R3a</i> and <i>Avr3a</i>^<i>KI</i> gene induced cell death in leaves of corn, wheat and soybean in a transient assay.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZmEREB180 modulates waterlogging tolerance in maize by regulating root development and antioxidant gene expression","authors":"Huanhuan Qi, Jing Wang, Xin Wang, Kun Liang, Meicheng Ke, Xueqing Zheng, Wenbin Tang, Ziyun Chen, Yinggen Ke, Pingfang Yang, Fazhan Qiu, Feng Yu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;With climate change increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, waterlogging has become a significant threat to agricultural production, especially in maize-growing regions. Waterlogging induces hypoxic conditions in the root zone, limiting maize growth and yield (Liang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Pedersen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms, such as adventitious root (AR) formation and enhanced antioxidant activity, to cope with waterlogging stress (Pedersen &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Yamauchi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). However, the regulatory mechanisms in maize remain poorly understood.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Group VII ethylene response factor proteins (ERFVIIs) are key regulators of waterlogging tolerance in model plants (Hartman &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Our previous work showed that &lt;i&gt;ZmEREB180&lt;/i&gt;, a maize ERFVII, promotes waterlogging tolerance by enhancing AR formation and modulating antioxidant levels (Yu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). In this study, we cloned the full-length coding sequence of &lt;i&gt;ZmEREB180&lt;/i&gt; and inserted it into the pM999 vector. The recombinants and empty vector were transiently expressed in isolated B73 leaf protoplasts, followed by a transient and simplified cleavage under targets and tag-mentation (tsCUT&amp;Tag) assay (Liang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). A total of 4720 confident peaks corresponding to 3335 genes were identified (Table S1). Notably, 70.15% of these peaks were located in promoter regions, with 68.67% found in promoters less than 1 kb upstream (Figure 1a). The highest enrichment was observed at the transcription start site (Figure 1b). Motif analysis revealed the GCC-box (GCCGCC) as the highest scoring motif (E-value = 5.7 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−10&lt;/sup&gt;). Compared with RNA-Seq data (Yu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) identified 421 genes that were differentially expressed in the &lt;i&gt;ZmEREB180&lt;/i&gt; overexpression lines, under waterlogged conditions, and were directly bound by ZmEREB180 (Figure 1c; Table S2). We focused on genes involved in root development and antioxidant pathways. Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) proteins play pivotal roles in organ development. Two LBD genes, &lt;i&gt;ZmLBD5&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZmLBD38&lt;/i&gt; (Table S2), were up-regulated in an overexpression line and under waterlogging conditions, in which &lt;i&gt;ZmLBD5&lt;/i&gt; has been shown to promote AR formation (Feng &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Four antioxidant genes, including two glutathione-S-transferases (GST, &lt;i&gt;ZmGST8&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZmGST31&lt;/i&gt;) and two peroxidases (POD, &lt;i&gt;ZmPOD12&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZmPOD55&lt;/i&gt;), exhibited similar expression profiles (Table S2). The tsCUT&amp;Tag data revealed significant peaks in the promoter of these genes (Figure 1d). Additionally, GCC-box motifs were located in these regions, suggesting direct regulation by ZmEREB180 under waterlogging conditions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;figure&gt;&lt;picture&gt;\u0000&lt;source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/e7ef2f07-4842-485e-aa","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"86 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of thermosensitive male sterility line in rice via a temperature-sensitive mutation in receptor kinase","authors":"Qunwei Bai, Fenghua Li, Jiajia Zhang, Aixia Huang, Chenyu Shi, Hongyan Ren, Bowen Zheng","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70027","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In rice agronomy, hybridization is a crucial method to augment crop productivity. The cornerstone of hybrid crop breeding is the utilization of male-sterile lines. Compared to the traditional three-line breeding system, the two-line breeding strategy, which leverages thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) and photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS), offers significant benefits by expanding the genetic reservoir available for breeding programs. Currently, two-line hybrid rice occupies 44% of the total hybrid rice cultivation area. However, the availability of TGMS and PGMS germplasm and genetic resources remains severely restricted. Notably, TGMS lines originating from mutations at the &lt;i&gt;tms5&lt;/i&gt; locus account for at least 83.8% of the two-line hybrid rice varieties in China (Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase EMS1 and its ligand, TPD1 peptide, form a critical receptor–ligand complex indispensable for the proper development of the anther tapetum. Mutations in &lt;i&gt;ems1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;tpd1&lt;/i&gt; both result in sterility characterized by an absence of pollen. Previous research has elucidated that EMS1 and the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 utilize common downstream signalling pathways, allowing for the functional substitution of their kinase domains (Zheng &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Among the various BRI1 mutant alleles, &lt;i&gt;bri1-301&lt;/i&gt; is particularly notable due to the G-989-I substitution, which almost completely eliminates kinase activity both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;; yet surprisingly, it only produces a mild dwarf phenotype compared to more severe or null &lt;i&gt;bri1&lt;/i&gt; alleles (Xu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;). The phenotypic severity and protein accumulation of &lt;i&gt;bri1-301&lt;/i&gt; are modulated by temperature (Figure 1a), with accelerated degradation occurring at elevated temperatures through an unidentified pathway. At 22°C, bri1-301 protein accumulates normally, whereas at 29°C, its accumulation is markedly compromised (Figure 1b; Figure S1) (Lv &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Transgenic expression of GFP-tagged bri1-301 retains its sensitivity to high temperatures (Figure 1c). Comparative evaluation of in vitro autophosphorylation activities reveals that bri1-301 loses most of its autophosphorylation capability, and EMS1 demonstrates significantly weaker autophosphorylation activity compared to BRI1 (Figure 1d). Consequently, we attempted to introduce the bri1-301 mutation site into a chimeric EMS1-BRI1 receptor to preserve biological activity while imparting temperature sensitivity (Figure 1e). By employing the &lt;i&gt;EMS1&lt;/i&gt; promoter to drive the expression of the EMS1-BRI1* construct in the &lt;i&gt;ems1&lt;/i&gt; mutant background, we achieved notable phenotypic restoration at 22°C, characterized by the generation of pollen and fertile siliques. Contrarily, this phenotypic amelioration was unattainable at 29°C (Figure 1f,g). Prot","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant genetic transformation: achievements, current status and future prospects","authors":"Peilin Wang, Huan Si, Chenhui Li, Zhongping Xu, Huiming Guo, Shuangxia Jin, Hongmei Cheng","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70028","url":null,"abstract":"Regeneration represents a fundamental biological process wherein an organism's tissues or organs repair and replace themselves following damage or environmental stress. In plant systems, injured tree branches can regenerate adventitious buds and develop new crowns through propagation techniques like cuttings and canopy pruning, while transgenic plants emerge via tissue culture in genetic engineering processes intimately connected to plant regeneration mechanisms. The advancement of plant regeneration technology is critical for addressing complex and dynamic climate challenges, ultimately ensuring global agricultural sustainability. This review comprehensively synthesizes the latest genetic transformation technologies, including transformation systems across woody, herbaceous and algal species, organellar genetic modifications, crucial regeneration factors facilitating Agrobacterium-mediated transformations, the intricate hormonal networks regulating plant regeneration, comparative analyses of transient transformation approaches and marker gene dynamics throughout transformation processes. Ultimately, the review offers novel perspectives on current transformation bottlenecks and proposes future research trajectories.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"29 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TaWUS-like-5D affects grain weight and filling by inhibiting the expression of sucrose and trehalose metabolism-related genes in wheat grain endosperm","authors":"H. X. Liu, T. Li, J. Hou, X. T. Yin, Y. Q. Wang, X. M. Si, Shoaib Ur Rehman, L. Zhuang, W. L. Guo, C. Y. Hao, X. Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70015","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-specific <i>WUSCHEL-related homeobox</i> (<i>Wox</i>) transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism of <i>Wox</i>-mediated regulation of thousand kernel weight (TKW) in crops remains elusive. In this research, we identified a major TKW-associated quantitative trait locus (QTL) on wheat chromosome 5DS by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a Chinese wheat mini-core collection (MCC) in four environments combined by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) of wheat grains exhibiting a wide range of TKWs. The candidate <i>TaWUS-like-5D</i> was highly expressed in developing grains and was found to strongly negative influence grain TKW and wheat yield. Meanwhile, the RNAi lines, CRISPR/Cas9-edited single and double knockout mutants (AABB<i>dd</i> and AA<i>bbdd</i>), as well as the stop-gained <i>aa</i>BB Kronos mutants, exhibited a significant increase in grain size and TKW (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05 or <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and a 10.0% increase in yield (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Further analyses indicated that <i>TaWUS-like-5D</i> regulates TKW by inhibiting the transcription of sucrose, hormone and trehalose metabolism-related genes, subsequently sharply decreasing starch synthesis in wheat grains. The results of this study provide a fundamental molecular basis for further elucidating the mechanism of <i>Wox</i>-mediated regulation of grain development in crops.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cas9-Rep fusion tethers donor DNA in vivo and boosts the efficiency of HDR-mediated genome editing","authors":"Zhentao Zhou, Jiahui Xiao, Shuai Yin, Yache Chen, Yang Yuan, Jianwei Zhang, Lizhong Xiong, Kabin Xie","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70036","url":null,"abstract":"Genome editing based on the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway enables scar-free and precise genetic manipulations. However, the low frequency of HDR hinders its application in plant genome editing. In this study, we engineered the fusion of Cas9 and a viral replication protein (Rep) as a molecular bridge to tether donor DNA <i>in vivo</i>, which enhances the efficiency of targeted gene insertion via the HDR pathway. This Rep-bridged knock-in (RBKI) method combines the advantages of rolling cycle replication of viral replicons and <i>in vivo</i> enrichment of donor DNA at the target site for HDR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that the Cas9-Rep fusion protein bound up to 66-fold more donor DNA than Cas9 did. We exemplified the RBKI method by inserting small- to middle-sized tags (33–519 bp) into 3 rice genes. Compared to Cas9, Cas9-Rep fusion increased the KI frequencies by 4–7.6-fold, and up to 72.2% of stable rice transformants carried in-frame knock-in events in the T₀ generation. Whole-genome sequencing of 6 plants segregated from heterozygous KI lines indicated that the knock-in events were faithfully inherited by the progenies with neither off-target editing nor random insertions of the donor DNA fragment. Further analysis suggested that the RBKI method reduced the number of byproducts from nonhomologous end joining; however, HDR-mediated knock-in tended to accompany microhomology-mediated end joining events. Together, these findings show that the <i>in vivo</i> tethering of donor DNAs with Cas9-Rep is an effective strategy to increase the frequency of HDR-mediated genome editing.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise genome editing of Dense and Erect Panicle 1 promotes rice sheath blight resistance and yield production in japonica rice","authors":"Hongyao Zhu, Tiange Zhou, Jiaming Guan, Zhuo Li, Xiurong Yang, Yuejiao Li, Jian Sun, Quan Xu, Yuan Hu Xuan","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goals of crop breeding are to enhance yield and improve disease resistance. However, the “trade-off” mechanism, in which signalling pathways for resistance and yield are antagonistically regulated, poses challenges for achieving both simultaneously. Previously, we demonstrated that knock-out mutants of the <i>Dense and Erect Panicle 1</i> (<i>DEP1</i>) gene can significantly enhance rice resistance to sheath blight (ShB), and we mapped <i>DEP1</i>'s association with panicle length. In this study, we discovered that <i>dep1</i> mutants significantly reduced rice yield. Nonetheless, truncated DEP1 was able to achieve both ShB resistance and yield increase in japonica rice. To further explore the function of truncated <i>DEP1</i> in promoting yield and ShB resistance, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing mutants, including a full-length deletion mutant of <i>DEP1</i>, named <i>dep1</i>, and a truncated version, <i>dep1-cys</i>. Upon inoculation with <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, the <i>dep1-cys</i> mutant demonstrated stronger ShB resistance than the <i>dep1</i> mutant. Additionally, <i>dep1-cys</i> increased yield per plant, whereas <i>dep1</i> reduced it. Compared to the full DEP1 protein, the truncated DEP1 (dep1-cys) demonstrated a decreased interaction affinity with IDD14 and increased affinity with IDD10, which are known to positively and negatively regulate ShB resistance through the activation of <i>PIN1a</i> and <i>ETR2</i>, respectively. The <i>dep1-cys</i> mutant exhibited higher <i>PIN1a</i> and lower <i>ETR2</i> expression than wild-type plants, suggesting that <i>dep1-cys</i> modulated IDD14 and IDD10 interactions to regulate <i>PIN1a</i> and <i>ETR2</i>, thereby enhancing ShB resistance. Overall, these data indicate that precise genome editing of <i>DEP1</i> could simultaneously improve both ShB resistance and yield, effectively mitigating trade-off regulation in rice.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analyses reveal Bna‐miR397a–BnaLAC2 as a potential modulator of low‐temperature adaptability in Brassica napus L.","authors":"Muhammad Azhar Hussain, Yong Huang, Dan Luo, Sundas Saher Mehmood, Ali Raza, Xuekun Zhang, Yong Cheng, Hongtao Cheng, Xiling Zou, Xiaoyu Ding, Liu Zeng, Liu Duan, Bian Wu, Keming Hu, Yan Lv","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70017","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:italic>Brassica napus</jats:italic> L. (<jats:italic>B. napus</jats:italic>) is a major edible oil crop grown around the southern part of China, which often faces cold stress, posing potential damage to vegetative tissues. To sustain growth and reproduction, a detailed understanding of fundamental regulatory processes in <jats:italic>B. napus</jats:italic> against long‐term low temperature (LT) stress is necessary for breeders to adjust the level of LT adaption in a given region and is therefore of great economic importance. Till now, studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) in coping with LT adaption in <jats:italic>B. napus</jats:italic> are limited. Here, we performed an in‐depth analysis on two <jats:italic>B. napus</jats:italic> varieties with distinct adaptability to LT stress. Through integration of RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and small RNA‐sequencing (sRNA‐seq), we identified 106 modules comprising differentially expressed miRNAs and corresponding potential targets based on strong negative correlations between their dynamic expression patterns. Specifically, we demonstrated that <jats:italic>Bna‐miR397a</jats:italic> post‐transcriptionally regulates a LACCASE (LAC) gene, <jats:italic>BnaLAC2</jats:italic>, to enhance the adaption to LT stresses in <jats:italic>B. napus</jats:italic> by reducing the total lignin remodelling and ROS homeostasis. In addition, the <jats:italic>miR397</jats:italic>–<jats:italic>LAC2</jats:italic> module was also proved to improve freezing tolerance of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic>, indicating a conserved role of <jats:italic>miR397</jats:italic>–<jats:italic>LAC2</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Cruciferae</jats:italic> plants. Overall, this work provides the first description of a miRNA‐mediated‐module signature for LT adaption and highlights the prominent role of laccase in future breeding programme of LT tolerant <jats:italic>B. napus</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the enzyme network driving Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis in Leucojum aestivum","authors":"Basanta Lamichhane, Sarah-Eve Gélinas, Natacha Merindol, Manoj Koirala, Karen Cristine Gonçalves dos Santos, Hugo Germain, Isabel Desgagné-Penix","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Amaryllidaceae</i> alkaloids (AAs) are diverse bioactive metabolites with significant pharmaceutical potential, derived from 4′-O-methylnorbelladine (4′<i>O</i>M). The biosynthesis of these compounds involves the condensation of tyramine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde by norbelladine synthase (NBS) and/or noroxomaritidine/norcraugsodine reductase (NR), followed by <i>O</i>-methylation. Cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly the CYP96T family, introduce further structural diversity through C–C couplings, resulting in lycorine, galanthamine and crinine cores. Despite their importance, the exact biosynthetic pathways remain poorly defined. In this study, we describe key enzymes from <i>Leucojum aestivum</i> (<i>La</i>), providing crucial insight into AA biosynthesis. Transient expression in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> demonstrated that <i>La</i>NBS and <i>La</i>NRII catalyse the conversion of tyramine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde to norbelladine, which is subsequently <i>O</i>-methylated by a norbelladine-4′-<i>O</i>-methyltransferase (<i>La</i>N4′<i>O</i>MT) <i>in planta</i>. Co-agroinfiltration of <i>La</i>NBS, <i>La</i>NRII, <i>La</i>N4′<i>O</i>MT and <i>La</i>CYP96T1 resulted in the production of various phenol-coupled products, with lycorine as the predominant compound, alongside haemanthamine, crinine/vittatine and norgalanthamine. This study identifies <i>La</i>CYP96T1 and <i>La</i>CYP96T2 as the first monocot enzymes capable of catalysing all three regioselective C-C phenol couplings and also highlights the substrate promiscuity of <i>La</i>NRII. The findings not only elucidate critical steps in AA biosynthesis but also open new avenues for biotechnological application in producing valuable alkaloids, offering potential for novel drug development.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}