International Journal of Multiphase Flow最新文献

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Effect of gas nuclei on the primary stage of shock–droplet interaction 气体核对冲击-液滴相互作用初级阶段的影响
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105478
Sotirios Damianos , Andreas Papoutsakis , Ioannis K. Karathanassis , Manolis Gavaises
{"title":"Effect of gas nuclei on the primary stage of shock–droplet interaction","authors":"Sotirios Damianos ,&nbsp;Andreas Papoutsakis ,&nbsp;Ioannis K. Karathanassis ,&nbsp;Manolis Gavaises","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of entrapped gas in liquids is well-documented, arising from gas solubility, surface irregularities, or prior phase-change events. In this study, simulations are carried out replicating an experiment involving a Mach 2.4 Planar shock interacting with a cylindrical water column, and the results are benchmarked against experimental pressure measurements in which the presence of entrapped air is reported. The liquid droplet is modelled as a homogeneous mixture of liquid and gas using a multiphase flow framework, and a novel relaxation approach is introduced to capture non-equilibrium effects within the mixture region. The effects of Gaseous Volume Fraction (GVF) and relaxation rate on shock attenuation, wave propagation speed, and cavitation are explored. The results reveal that increasing GVF enhances shock attenuation and slows down the wave propagation speed due to the mixture’s higher compressibility. A non-monotonic relationship between relaxation rate and pressure peak intensity is observed, governed by the effect of the relaxation rate on shock diffusivity, with maximum attenuation occurring at intermediate rates. At high GVF, the low wave propagation speed leads to an interaction between the shocks formed internally and around the droplet, which suppresses the rarefaction wave formation. Regarding cavitation, results indicate that lower GVF promotes stronger gas growth due to less shock attenuation. Finally, this study provides a physical explanation for the temporal pressure variations reported in prior numerical works and highlights the critical role of entrapped gas in shock–droplet interaction dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on leading-vehicle-based force reduction for main vehicle in vertical water entry 基于导车的主车垂直入水减力研究
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105473
Jia-Jie Wang , Chang Liu , Xiao-Qiang Chen , Fu-Ren Ming , A-Man Zhang
{"title":"Research on leading-vehicle-based force reduction for main vehicle in vertical water entry","authors":"Jia-Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qiang Chen ,&nbsp;Fu-Ren Ming ,&nbsp;A-Man Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crossing the air–water interface during water entry subjects vehicles to severe impact forces, posing significant risks such as structural vibration, large deformation, and motion instability. To mitigate these effects, this study proposes a tandem water entry strategy utilizing a perforated leading vehicle to reduce impact forces. The main vehicle vertically penetrates the cavity wall formed by the leading vehicle, thereby attenuating impact forces. The water entry process is simulated using the delta-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>-SPH) method, whose convergence and accuracy are verified against experimental results. Analysis of main cavity evolution, pressure distribution, and water-jet impacts elucidates the force reduction mechanism of the tandem strategy. Furthermore, the influences of the leading vehicle’s initial velocity and attitude angle on the main vehicle’s impact forces are investigated. Results demonstrate a reduction in peak axial force of up to 90% while ensuring collision avoidance. Increasing the relative attitude angle between vehicles and the initial velocity ratio further minimizes collision risk. These findings offer valuable insights for developing efficient and operationally feasible impact force reduction techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drop dispersion and coalescence in a direct contact thermal energy storage 水滴分散和聚结在直接接触的热能储存中
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105475
Halvard Thon, Galina Simonsen, Paul Roger Leinan
{"title":"Drop dispersion and coalescence in a direct contact thermal energy storage","authors":"Halvard Thon,&nbsp;Galina Simonsen,&nbsp;Paul Roger Leinan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work drop dispersion of disintegrating jets for a liquid–liquid system in a direct contact thermal energy storage pilot was investigated experimentally. The coalescence behavior of the dense packed emulsion layer was linked to the size of drops. It was found that coalescence rates were strongly affected by the drop sizes, where a three-fold increase was achieved by increasing the drop sizes. By varying the number and size of injection nozzles, drop sizes from <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>1 to <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span> mm were produced. Drop size distributions were studied and described in terms of the inlet jet breakup behavior, which was quantified by the Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of external forcing scheme on liquid–liquid dispersion in sustained homogeneous isotropic turbulence 持续均匀各向同性湍流中外强迫方案对液-液弥散的影响
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105469
Kamaljit Singh, Alexandra Komrakova
{"title":"Effect of external forcing scheme on liquid–liquid dispersion in sustained homogeneous isotropic turbulence","authors":"Kamaljit Singh,&nbsp;Alexandra Komrakova","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a numerical study investigating the interaction between sustained (forced) homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) and a liquid–liquid dispersion (two-phase flow). The direct numerical simulations of two-phase forced HIT are performed using the diffuse interface free energy lattice Boltzmann method. The range of Taylor’s Reynolds number for the single-phase HIT achieved is 24.4–181. The influence of liquid–liquid dispersion is assessed by performing a statistical analysis of the two-phase flow sustained by external forcing. We selected three different forcing schemes to contrast the effects of external forcing and liquid–liquid dispersion on HIT characteristics. A scale-by-scale analysis was performed to study the role of liquid–liquid dispersion on the forced HIT energy cascade. The presence of an interfacial tension force modifies the energy transfer mechanism. The interfacial tension force exhibits linear spatial coherence with nonlinear energy transfer and energy dissipation in a specific range of wavenumbers. Furthermore, the liquid–liquid dispersion increases the isotropy of the flow field compared to the single-phase flow at large wavenumbers. Flow visualization of the instantaneous vorticity field indicates that the flow domain in the two-phase is more concentrated with intense vorticity regions than its single-phase counterparts. We also evaluated the effects of the liquid–liquid dispersion on the alignment of vorticity with the strain rate. The insights presented in our study are important for further understanding the energy transfer mechanism in two-phase HIT and the implications of different forcing schemes to generate and sustain turbulence on this mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on free and impinging diesel spray macroscopic characteristics under extreme-low fuel temperature conditions 极低燃油温度条件下自由与冲击柴油机喷雾宏观特性研究
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105474
Liyan Zhao , Jilin Lei , Yi Liu , Xiaopei Liu , Dongfang Wang , Xiwen Deng , Wei Deng , Rui Mo , Kang Liu
{"title":"Study on free and impinging diesel spray macroscopic characteristics under extreme-low fuel temperature conditions","authors":"Liyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jilin Lei ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaopei Liu ,&nbsp;Dongfang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiwen Deng ,&nbsp;Wei Deng ,&nbsp;Rui Mo ,&nbsp;Kang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray characteristics have a significant regulatory effect on the combustion process of internal combustion engines, especially under cold start conditions. The macroscopic characteristics of free spray and impinging spray are investigated experimentally. Darker coloured enriched clusters appear at the bottom of free spray. The splits at the bottom of free sprays are severe, slight and none split at 20 °C, -20 °C and -40 °C, respectively. In the 0 to 466.62 μs after start of injection (ASOI), the spray area is decreased by &gt;70 % at a low injection pressure of 25 MPa when the temperature drops from 20 °C to -40 °C, and by &lt;30 % when the injection pressure &gt;50 MPa. The impinging spray is divided into four regions: liquid core region, free jet region, wall jet region, and transition region. The spray in the transition region should be the focus of the combustion optimisation. A new dimensionless number <em>s</em> is defined as the shape coefficient of impinging spray. B-shaped when <em>s</em> &lt; 0.1, K-shaped when 0.1 &lt; <em>s</em> &lt; 1, and M-shaped when <em>s</em> &gt; 1. At 1333.20 µs after impinged the wall (AIMW), the maximum diffusion distance decrease by 19.94 % and the maximum entrainment height decrease by 24.59 % at 25 MPa when the fuel temperature decreases from 20 °C to -40 °C, for 37.73 % and 35.89 % at 100 MPa. The results can provide new insights for multiphase flow modelling, and a theoretical basis can be provided for the design of fuel injection systems for low-temperature suitability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sessile droplet evaporation: The impact of surface charge convection 液滴蒸发:表面电荷对流的影响
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105472
Shifan Ouyang , Zhentao Wang , Jue Wang , Longwei Zeng , Qingming Dong , Junfeng Wang
{"title":"Sessile droplet evaporation: The impact of surface charge convection","authors":"Shifan Ouyang ,&nbsp;Zhentao Wang ,&nbsp;Jue Wang ,&nbsp;Longwei Zeng ,&nbsp;Qingming Dong ,&nbsp;Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electric field plays a significant role in droplet evaporation, where electric stresses are usually calculated by leaky dielectric or charge conservative model. This assumption neglects the effect of surface charge convection (SCC), which may significantly enhance the internal flow within the droplet under high electric Reynolds number and potentially alter heat convection. This work develops a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) model to solve the full electrohydrodynamic (EHD) equations, enabling investigation of SCC on sessile droplet evaporation. For non-radiative dielectric liquids, heat transfer within the droplet occurs through conduction and convection. Therefore, this work examines the role of substrate temperature, a critical factor governing conductive heat transfer, to comprehensively investigate evaporation characteristics. By introducing the Péclet (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) number, this study systematically analyzes the competition between conduction and convection in the presence of SCC. The electric field enhances the evaporation when <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, and an increase in substrate temperature can accelerate evaporation by enhancing heat convection as <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> reducing. The presence of SCC slightly enhances the prolate deformation and reduces heat conduction. However, <span><math><mi>Pe</mi></math></span> number is significantly increased by enhancing heat convection. Therefore, the droplet evaporation could be remarkedly enhanced in higher electric intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct numerical simulation of side-by-side rising bubble coalescence behavior based on a Weber number criterion 基于韦伯数准则的并排上升气泡聚并行为的直接数值模拟
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105470
Liu Liu , Yixin Huang , Yixiang Liao , Heyang Zhang , Hongjie Yan
{"title":"Direct numerical simulation of side-by-side rising bubble coalescence behavior based on a Weber number criterion","authors":"Liu Liu ,&nbsp;Yixin Huang ,&nbsp;Yixiang Liao ,&nbsp;Heyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongjie Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coalescence dynamics of two bubbles rising side by side in quiescent water are investigated using direct numerical simulations based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), implemented on the <em>Basilisk</em> platform. To address the inherent issue of numerical coalescence in VOF simulations, a physically motivated criterion based on the Weber number is employed, enabling accurate distinction between coalescence and rebound events. The topology-based AMR algorithm allows resolution of micrometer-scale features of film drainage and interfacial deformation. Simulation results show excellent agreement with experimental data in terms of rise velocity, approach velocity, and collision outcomes. Three representative interaction regimes are analyzed in detail: direct-coalescence, rebound-coalescence, and rebound-separation. The results reveal that surface and wake vorticity play a central role in controlling bubble approach, deformation, and film drainage. Notably, the emergence of a double-spiral, counter-rotating vortex structure is found to induce bubble reorientation and retard film drainage, thereby governing the transition between rebound and coalescence. Energy budget analysis further indicates that rebound and separation following contact are closely linked to high bubble deformation and significant accumulation of surface energy during the approach phase. The conversion of surface energy back into kinetic energy drives the rebound and eventual separation. While viscous dissipation related to film drainage plays an important role in a direct-coalescence case, it is considerably small in the rebound and separation case, where the dissipation is mainly caused by shape oscillation and vorticity accumulation upon collision. A phase diagram is constructed to map collision outcomes as a function of bubble size and initial separation distance, highlighting the coupled effects of vortex dynamics and energy transfer and dissipation in bubble coalescence and rebound. These findings provide new insights into the hydrodynamic mechanisms underlying bubble interactions in multiphase flows and contribute to the development of more accurate coalescence models for practical and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of bubble breakup mechanisms in non-coalescing electrolyte solutions 非聚结电解质溶液中气泡破裂机制的表征
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105471
Francesco Maluta, Federico Alberini, Alessandro Paglianti, Giuseppina Montante
{"title":"Characterization of bubble breakup mechanisms in non-coalescing electrolyte solutions","authors":"Francesco Maluta,&nbsp;Federico Alberini,&nbsp;Alessandro Paglianti,&nbsp;Giuseppina Montante","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an integrated experimental and numerical investigation of bubble breakup mechanisms in non-coalescing electrolyte solutions within two geometrically similar gas–liquid stirred tanks of different scales. Bubble size distributions were measured using optical techniques in complete recirculation gas-liquid regime and varying turbulent dissipation rates. The robustness of the image analysis was validated through manual bubble counting.</div><div>A lumped parameter population balance equation (PBE) was solved using the quadrature method of moments, with model parameters derived from dedicated CFD simulations. Six breakup kernels, each representing distinct physical mechanisms, were evaluated by comparing predicted and experimental bubble size distributions, moment ratios, and characteristic diameters. The Luo and Svendsen kernel, which models breakup as a function of turbulent eddy energy exceeding surface energy thresholds, showed the best agreement with experimental data. The kernels by Liao et al. and Lehr et al. also performed well, despite being originally validated in coalescing conditions.</div><div>A full three-dimensional CFD-based PBE solution further validated the lumped parameter approach, confirming its reliability for preliminary kernel screening. These findings support the use of simplified PBE models for efficient evaluation of breakup mechanisms in gas–liquid stirred tanks under non-coalescing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Turbulent kinetic energy spectra transport in particle-laden compressible turbulent boundary layers 载粒子可压缩湍流边界层中的湍流动能谱输运
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105466
Ming Yu , Qian Wang , Yexuan Xie , Siwei Dong , Xianxu Yuan
{"title":"Turbulent kinetic energy spectra transport in particle-laden compressible turbulent boundary layers","authors":"Ming Yu ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Yexuan Xie ,&nbsp;Siwei Dong ,&nbsp;Xianxu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, we perform direct numerical simulations to investigate the kinetic energy transfer in the physical and spectral spaces in compressible turbulent boundary layers at the free-stream Mach number of 6.0 laden with particles at different mass loadings. We found that the non-monotonic variation of the streamwise velocity fluctuation intensities with the increasing mass loading should be attributed to the two counteracting factors, i.e. the reduced velocity streaks that participate in the near-wall self-sustaining cycles, and the strengthened larger-scale velocity fluctuations induced by the comparatively high Stokes number particles. The analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy spectra transport equation shows that the production term is reduced in the near-wall region but enhanced in the outer region, which is balanced by the inter-scale energy transfer and the work of the particle force on the fluid. The cross-stream velocity fluctuations, on the other hand, manifest a monotonic reduction in magnitude. It is found that the abatement of the cross-stream velocity fluctuations near the wall is ascribed to the lower pressure-strain term that transfers the energy from the streamwise component, while the suppression in the outer region to the weaker spatial diffusion, the stronger inter-scale energy transfer and the negative work of the particle feedback force. Compressibility effects, reflected by the work of pressure on flow dilatation, are alleviated at higher particle mass loadings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Force model for a stationary finite-size spherical particle in compressible turbulence 可压缩湍流中固定有限尺寸球形颗粒的力模型
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术
International Journal of Multiphase Flow Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105465
Tikang Wang, Zhaowu Lin, Yu Guo, Zhaosheng Yu
{"title":"Force model for a stationary finite-size spherical particle in compressible turbulence","authors":"Tikang Wang,&nbsp;Zhaowu Lin,&nbsp;Yu Guo,&nbsp;Zhaosheng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the force model for a finite-size stationary spherical particle in a compressible turbulent flow is numerically investigated from particle-resolved direct numerical simulations at various Mach numbers with a ghost-point immersed boundary method. We first show that it makes insignificant difference whether the volume-averaged or surface-averaged physical quantity is used in the force model, and whether the Reynolds and Mach numbers are obtained by using averaged parameters (e.g., average slip velocity, density, viscosity) or by averaging the local Reynolds and Mach numbers, respectively. Averaging followed by differentiation is better than differentiation followed by averaging for the calculation of the momentum derivative term in the inviscid-unsteady force. From our results, it is a good choice to just use the quasi-steady and undisturbed forces to predict the force on the finite-size particles in compressible turbulence, particularly for the supersonic case with the particle Mach number above 1. For the subsonic case, the inclusion of the inviscid-unsteady force improves the prediction accuracy for the streamwise force and the inclusion of all types of forces is most accurate for the lateral force. When the slip velocity is calculated from the disturbed average fluid velocity on a spherical surface, the surface with the radius being one particle diameter provides the best prediction for the quasi-steady force on the particle in turbulence. However, the accuracy of this method for the prediction of the instantaneous force is much lower than the approach of calculating the undisturbed velocity from the simulation without the particle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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