Powder Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of friction on the angle of repose of elongated particles","authors":"Manuel Cárdenas-Barrantes,&nbsp;Carlos Ovalle","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The angle of repose (<span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>) is a key parameter in powder engineering, primarily influenced by the pouring process, the inter-particle constitutive laws and particle shape. Therefore, the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> of a bulk material is intuitively linked to its macromechanical internal friction angle. Previous studies indicate that more irregular particle shapes, such as angular or elongated particles, increase both shear strength and <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>. However, in granular materials with highly irregular shapes and low interparticle friction (or frictionless conditions), this trend reverses for the shear resistance. Despite these results, studies on the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> of such materials are rare and the physical mechanisms of this behavior are unclear. This study investigates the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> of dry, cohesionless granular piles composed of elongated particles using 3D DEM simulations. To represent a wide range of conditions specific to various industrial processes — including pharmaceuticals, food engineering, geotechnics, and mining — we extensively vary particle characteristics, focusing on particle elongation and interparticle friction. The particles, modeled as rounded-cap cylinders, have aspect ratios (length/diameter) ranging from 1 (spheres) to 4. For high interparticle friction (<span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>), the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> increases systematically with elongation. However, at low friction, a critical aspect ratio of 1.5 emerges, beyond which the tendency changes and the <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> decreases. We show that this counterintuitive behavior is related to the solid fraction, which depends on particle shape, and can be traced to purely geometrical characteristics such as coordination number and statistical particle orientation. Non-intuitively, the elongation of the particles does not influence the force distributions within the piles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 120974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A micromechanical framework for understanding the role of fines in the monotonic and cyclic response of granular mixtures","authors":"Kangle Zuo ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Gu ,&nbsp;Jing Hu ,&nbsp;Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discrete-element method was employed to simulate a series of monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests on host sands (i.e. clean sands) with varying particle gradations, mixed with a range of non-plastic fines. The cyclic liquefaction resistance, critical state, and micromechanical responses of both clean sands and sand-fines mixtures were investigated. The findings reveal that both fines content (FC) and the uniformity coefficient of host sand (<em>C</em>_us) significantly influence liquefaction resistance, the critical state line in <em>e</em>-log<em>p</em>’ space, and force transmission within contact network. However, the critical stress ratio is unaffected by FC and <em>C</em>_us. Microscopic analysis indicates that, under both monotonic and cyclic loadings, sand-sand contacts primarily contribute to the deviatoric stress, while fines-fines contacts, despite their high proportion, contribute negligibly. A new contact state variable, termed the soil skeleton coordination number (MCN_sk), is proposed to capture active contacts within soil skeleton and effectively characterize the critical state behavior and liquefaction resistance of granular mixtures, independent of particle size distribution. Furthermore, liquefaction resistance is well interpreted within both macroscopic and microscopic frameworks of critical state soil mechanics. The integration of macro- and micro-level results enhances understanding of the force transmission network and associated mechanical behavior in sand-fines mixtures with varying particle size distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 121002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on spatial flow field instability in a disturbing rotary centrifugal air classifier based on simulation and experimental methods","authors":"Xinhao Li ,&nbsp;Runyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiale Yuan ,&nbsp;Chenlong Duan ,&nbsp;Jida Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Haishen Jiang ,&nbsp;Long Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient particle classification in air classifiers is essential for optimizing industrial processes. However, the instability of the flow field under loading conditions remains a challenge. The gas-solid phase is subject to complex drag forces in the flow field. An imbalance in these forces can result in phenomena such as vortex eccentricity, which adversely affects the separation of target particles. In this paper, a new disturbing rotary centrifugal classifier is designed. Furthermore, numerical simulations and experimental analyses are utilized to investigate how the operating parameters influence regional flow field instability in air classifiers under loading conditions. Following the experiments, the motion of the gas-solid phase cyclone under the influence of a double-vortex structure is explored. The results indicate that the flow field in the toothed blades area exhibits a double-vortex structure with inner quasi-forced vortices and outer quasi-free vortices. The curved impeller area flow field presents a double-vortex structure with outer axial circulation and inner secondary flow. The flow field stability depends on the stability of the double-vortex structure. The impact of double-vortex structure instability on the flow field is mitigated at a critical rotational speed of 950 rpm. Comprehensive signal and experimental analyses reveal that the flow field stabilizes and classification efficiency increases to 94.9 % at a disturbing frequency of 45 Hz (950 rpm), a feed rate of 0.3 kg/s, and an inclination of - 2°. The causes of flow field instability in classifiers are clarified, and alleviation strategies are proposed in this paper, offering valuable insights for large-scale equipment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 120990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-DEM study on effect of particle property on solid-liquid two-phase flow structure in a centrifugal pump under stall conditions","authors":"Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Jianing Lei ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Tao ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;Houlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the solid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in a centrifugal pump under stall conditions, with a particular focus on the influence of particle property. A CFD-DEM coupled approach is used to simulate the interaction between liquid and particles. The blockage intensity and pressure pulsation under varying particle concentrations and sizes are analyzed in detail. Entropy theory is used to evaluate the energy loss due to the combined effects of liquid and particles. The results indicate that the severity of stall significantly influences the flow structure. While the primary frequency of pressure pulsation in the impeller is the shaft frequency (<em>f</em>_n), stall vortices induce strong secondary frequency pulsation with a characteristic frequency of 0.11<em>f</em>_n. Compared to the critical stall condition, the blockage intensity is 10 % higher than that under the deep stall condition. Furthermore, the pressure pulsation amplitude and entropy generation are also significantly higher under the deep stall condition. However, the influence of particle concentration and size on flow structure is less pronounced than that of the stall severity. Increased particle concentration and size leads to slight increases in blockage intensity, pressure pulsation amplitude, and entropy generation, with concentration exhibiting a greater impact than size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 121003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agglomeration of Homochiral sodium chlorate crystals under near-equilibrium conditions","authors":"Bowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Bum Jun Park ,&nbsp;Gerard Coquerel ,&nbsp;Woo-Sik Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically explores the agglomeration behavior of homochiral sodium chlorate crystals in turbulent flow in near equilibrium system. Sodium chlorate, known for forming optically active L- and D-enantiomers through crystallization, serves as an ideal model for examining crystal deracemization processes. The agglomeration of chiral crystals significantly impacts deracemization, as smaller crystals tend to dissolve and redeposit on larger ones. However, the formation of tightly bound agglomerates can hinder this process. This research investigates key factors influencing agglomeration, including seed crystal size, agitation speed, suspension density, and sodium chlorate solubility, using pure enantiomeric seeds. The findings reveal that smaller seed crystals rapidly agglomerate due to supersaturation fluctuations driven by the dissolution of small crystals, whereas larger seed crystals exhibit minimal agglomeration. Sodium chlorate solubility further affects agglomeration; reduced solubility decreases dissolution rates in crystal ripening, thereby limiting agglomeration. Agitation speed is critical, as increased shear stress disrupts aggregates, reducing agglomerate size. Additionally, higher suspension densities increase collision frequency and particle adhesion, enhancing agglomeration. These insights are valuable for optimizing crystallization processes, where controlling particle size and agglomerate formation is crucial, especially in industries requiring precise control over crystal properties to improve drug efficacy, filtration, and process efficiency. The study underscores the delicate balance between dissolution, growth, and breakage in agglomeration, offering a deeper understanding of how to manipulate these factors to enhance deracemization and optimize product quality in various crystallization systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 121004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The settling behaviour and rheological properties of microbubble-laden froth","authors":"Liang Cao,&nbsp;Yongjun Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In resource processing plants, dewatering froth concentrates is typically challenging due to the strong network structure of particles formed at the plateau borders of stable froth as observed in previous studies. However, these studies have overlooked the impact of bubbles which are essential components of froth. Given the unique properties of microbubbles, such as their ability to reduce the diffusion rate of core gas and withstand mechanical stresses, the objectives of this study were to determine whether microbubbles exist in stable froth and to assess their effect on froth settling. Through settling tests and microscopy analysis, we confirmed the presence of microbubbles (&lt;100 μm) alongside macrobubbles (&gt;100 μm) in stable froth. The results revealed that macrobubble-laden froth readily coalesced during settling, whereas microbubble-laden froth maintained its integrity and moved upwards. Structural analysis further demonstrated that microbubble-laden froth, in contrast to macrobubble-laden froth, was densely packed with finer particles. The small radii of the microbubbles enhanced capillary forces, promoting particle adhesion to bubble surfaces and reducing the likelihood of particle detachment. In addition, amplitude sweep analysis in the oscillatory rheology measurement discovered that the unsettled microbubble-laden froth exhibited a wider linear viscoelastic (LVE) range and lower complex modulus (G*), indicating the froth possessing greater structural resilience with less rigidity under deformation. Meanwhile, frequency sweep analysis discovered lower storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values of the unsettled microbubble-laden froth, suggesting that the froth, despite displaying a solid-like behaviour, was characterized by weaker particle interactions and a softer structural framework. These results indicated that the microbubble-laden froth possessed greater adaptability and structural compliance, enabling it to maintain integrity during the settlement process as the root cause of the difficult settling of stable froth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 120999"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated carbon/superporous hydrogel composite-based polymer desiccants for capturing water vapor from humid air","authors":"Mubinul Islam ,&nbsp;Hemant Mittal ,&nbsp;Ali Al Alili ,&nbsp;Saeed Alhassan ,&nbsp;Vaneet Kumar ,&nbsp;Md Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of water vapor from the atmosphere is crucial across various industries, and high-performance porous solid desiccants can enhance sustainable practices. Traditional desiccants like silica gel have limitations, including low adsorption capacity and high regeneration temperatures. This study introduces superporous hydrogel (SPH) composites made from acrylic acid and dimethyl acrylamide, with porous activated carbon from sunflower seed shells as fillers. We characterized the desiccants using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA. The water vapor adsorption isotherm for both SPH and the composite displayed type-III isotherms, indicating capillary condensation as the main adsorption mechanism. The composite SPH achieved a maximum water vapor adsorption capacity of 0.908 g_wat/g_ads at 0.9 relative pressure and 25 °C, surpassing the pristine SPH by 19 %. Durability tests showed the composite retained 93 % efficiency after ten cycles, compared to 86 % for the pristine SPH, demonstrating its enhanced reusability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 121001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical properties and fire extinguishing performance of hydrophobic aluminum hydroxide-ionic liquid-modified dry water powder","authors":"Wenjie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiangyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Zeng ,&nbsp;Ruiqing Tao ,&nbsp;Chuanyu Pan ,&nbsp;Xishi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the poor storage stability and fire-extinguishing performance of dry water powder, this study utilized hydrophobic aluminum hydroxide as the shell additive and ionic liquid as the core additive, and the influence of the composition ratio on its physical properties and fire-extinguishing performance was experimentally investigated. The results show that the dry water containing 22.22 % hydrophobic aluminum hydroxide and 2 % ionic liquid exhibited the best overall performance. The addition of ionic liquid and aluminum hydroxide improved the surface/interfacial properties of the solid shell and the internal liquid, thus increasing the number of hydrogen bonds and the molecular forces between the internal liquids. Additionally, the addition of ionic liquid significantly reduced the evaporation rate of the solution, aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles filled the voids of the dry water shell. These two effects enhanced the pressure resistance and moisture retention of the modified dry water by 46.36 % and 85.69 %, respectively, compared to unmodified dry water. Aluminum hydroxide interrupted the combustion chain reaction by effectively capturing free radicals during combustion. Meanwhile, ionic liquid promoted fire extinguishing through the effects of heat absorption by the imidazolium ring, interruption of the chain reaction, and dissolution of the fuel. With the combined effects, the fire extinguishing efficiency of dry water was improved by 53.49 %. This study provides a novel high-efficiency fire extinguishing material for fire suppression in narrow/obstructed spaces, susceptible to water-stain loss, etc. The findings are significant for elucidating the formation conditions of dry water and innovating its preparation methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 120996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compaction behavior and residual height ratio of crushed coal gangue under varying support conditions: Experimental analysis and model comparison","authors":"Changxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Cao ,&nbsp;Peng Kong ,&nbsp;Qinghai Li ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Mu ,&nbsp;Yingdi Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resource utilization of coal gangue and safe recovery of residual coal pillars are the key issues for the green and long-term development of coal mines. The purpose of this study is to explore the compaction characteristics of broken gangue under different supporting conditions and its filling application in goaf. Through the experimental observation and data analysis of the compaction process of broken gangue, the variation law of residual height and residual height ratio under different conditions was studied. The experimental findings demonstrate that the residual height ratio effectively captures the relationship between residual height and the high diameter ratio. In unsupported scenarios, a lower high diameter ratio corresponds to a more favorable stable configuration. Specifically, when this ratio falls below 0.4, the residual height ratio exhibits a substantial increase. Conversely, under supported conditions, the compaction of crushed gangue proceeds in a continuous manner, resulting in enhanced residual height and a notable improvement in the residual height ratio as can to 0.8. The comparative analysis of fitting outcomes reveals that the Terzaghi model exhibits superior aptitude in capturing the compressive deformation characteristics of crushed gangue across varying scenarios, as compared to the Salamon model. This research contribution not only strengthens the theoretical foundation but also offers valuable practical insights for the implementation of coal mine gangue partial filling techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 120970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A resolved and unresolved discrete element method coupled with volume of fluid method","authors":"Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Zunjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Linmin Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the challenges in modeling the complex gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow containing multiscale particles and multiple fluids with sharp interfaces, a resolved and unresolved coupled discrete element method (DEM) is developed and incorporated in an optimized volume of fluid (VOF) method to implement a multiscale gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow solver. In this study, solid particles in different scales are divided into two simulation strategies, where big particles above the scale threshold are resolved using the immersed boundary-discrete element method (IB-DEM) while small particles are solved using the unresolved DEM. For coupling between unresolved DEM and VOF, several volume-averaging methods are also employed for particles close to the grid size and different cases are conducted to validate the volume conservation as well as the momentum coupling strategy. For IB-DEM-VOF coupling, simulations are also conducted to validate the accuracy of the resolved method and a fluid-velocity delay method is used for large particles passing through the interface. Finally, experimental test cases of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow with particles having varying scales are simulated by the resolved-unresolved DEM-VOF (R-U-DEM-VOF) coupled solver, obtaining good agreements and indicating the suitability and accuracy of the model and solver.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 120993"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}