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Microstructural evolution of AA7075 powder as feedstock material for cold spray deposition 冷喷沉积原料AA7075粉末的显微组织演变
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121162
J. Judas , M. Tebib , M. Sennour , F. Delloro , J. Zapletal
{"title":"Microstructural evolution of AA7075 powder as feedstock material for cold spray deposition","authors":"J. Judas ,&nbsp;M. Tebib ,&nbsp;M. Sennour ,&nbsp;F. Delloro ,&nbsp;J. Zapletal","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this investigation, the effects of three different heat treatments on the microstructural evolution of gas-atomized AA7075 powder were carefully studied. Advanced electron microscopy techniques, in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed to identify crystallographic features and precipitates under each heat treatment condition. The as-atomized powder exhibited a dendritic-cellular structure with pronounced microsegregation along cell boundaries, indicating a highly non-equilibrium solidification state. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) revealed the presence of metastable precipitates (GP zones) within the alloy matrix, which is responsible for the elevated hardness of the as-received powder. Strengthening precipitates were formed due to both rapid cooling during atomization and prolonged natural aging during powder storage. Annealing treatments led to transformations of metastable precipitates into coarse phases and promoted dissolution of the cellular network, resulting in substantial powder softening. Additionally, the precipitation of thermally stable Cr-rich phases was found to inhibit grain coarsening at higher temperatures through grain boundary pinning. The present work suggests that the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075 powder can be effectively tailored via suitable heat treatment strategies, which may enhance powder deformability and improve its performance as a possible feedstock material for Cold Spray technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"463 ","pages":"Article 121162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tensile response of hybrid fiber-reinforced coral concrete(HFRCC) under quasi-static and medium-high strain rate conditions: An experimental and numerical study 准静态和中高应变率条件下混杂纤维增强珊瑚混凝土(HFRCC)的拉伸响应:实验与数值研究
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121158
Ruiqi Guo , Jiwei Wang , Linmei Lyu , Zhilin Long , Fu Xu , Jiangnan Li , Runlin Wang
{"title":"Tensile response of hybrid fiber-reinforced coral concrete(HFRCC) under quasi-static and medium-high strain rate conditions: An experimental and numerical study","authors":"Ruiqi Guo ,&nbsp;Jiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Linmei Lyu ,&nbsp;Zhilin Long ,&nbsp;Fu Xu ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Li ,&nbsp;Runlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tensile behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced coral concrete (HFRCC) under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. A Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system combined with high-speed photography was employed to analyze the damage evolution of the specimens. The results demonstrate that with increasing strain rate, the dynamic splitting tensile strength, energy dissipation capacity, and toughness of HFRCC are significantly enhanced. The HFRCC incorporating 1.5 % carbon fibers (CF) and 1.5 % 316 L stainless steel fibers (SSF) exhibited the best performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that CF primarily suppresses microcrack formation, while SSF effectively delays the propagation of macrocracks, exhibiting a notable synergistic toughening effect. Numerical simulation results based on the K&amp;C constitutive model were in close agreement with the experimental data, validating the experimental conclusions. The combined use of CF and SSF significantly improves both the strength and ductility of coral concrete, offering a promising material solution for impact-resistant structures in island and marine engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 121158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of water content on the evolution of capillary stress in unsaturated granular soils: DEM simulations 含水量对非饱和颗粒土毛管应力演化的影响:DEM模拟
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121095
Hanze Li , Chaofa Zhao , Albert Argilaga , Yanni Chen
{"title":"Effects of water content on the evolution of capillary stress in unsaturated granular soils: DEM simulations","authors":"Hanze Li ,&nbsp;Chaofa Zhao ,&nbsp;Albert Argilaga ,&nbsp;Yanni Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A tensor-type capillary stress, instead of a scalar suction, has been proposed to serve as a stress-like state variable to capture the effects of capillarity in the mechanics of unsaturated granular soils. However, the influence of water content on the evolution of capillary stress in such soils remains insufficiently understood. This study performs numerical simulations of unsaturated granular soils in the pendular regime using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) involving a volume-controlled capillary bridge model. In these simulations, water content is maintained constant by redistributing the water from ruptured capillary bridges to adjacent ones. The evolution of capillary stress with varying water contents during triaxial and biaxial loading conditions is systematically examined. The DEM simulation results show that, under both loading conditions, the mean component of the capillary stress generally decreases, while its deviatoricity gradually develops. These changes are observed to become less significant as the initial degree of saturation increases. At low saturation levels, capillary bridges between non-contacting particle pairs rupture due to soil deformations, and the water from these ruptured bridges redistributes to existing contacts. This redistribution leads to an anisotropic distribution of pore water aligned with the contact network. At higher saturation levels, non-contacting capillary bridges persist due to their ability to sustain large relative displacements between particles, allowing the spatial distribution of pore fluids to remain less constrained by the solid contact network. Additionally, at higher water contents, relative sliding and particle rearrangement are the primary factors influencing the directional distribution of capillary bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 121095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic multi-objective optimization method of cement grinding process based on knowledge-guided logistic regression 基于知识引导逻辑回归的水泥粉磨过程动态多目标优化方法
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121142
Xunian Yang , Mengyu Su , Xin Shi , Xiaochen Hao
{"title":"Dynamic multi-objective optimization method of cement grinding process based on knowledge-guided logistic regression","authors":"Xunian Yang ,&nbsp;Mengyu Su ,&nbsp;Xin Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the cement grinding process, the operating indicators are interdependent, and the working conditions fluctuate dynamically. Since cement quality and unit electricity consumption cannot be monitored in real time and there is a lack of coordination between the operating indicators, the quality of cement remains unstable, and energy efficiency is compromised. This paper proposes a dynamic multi-objective optimization method based on a transfer learning and evolutionary optimization framework to investigate the dynamic optimization of the cement grinding process in a variable environment. Firstly, the specific surface area (Powder fineness) and unit unit electricity consumption of cement were selected as optimization targets to construct a multi-objective optimization model. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on knowledge-guided logistic regression is introduced to address the model and optimize performance under dynamic conditions. The algorithm is applied to the cement grinding process, achieving the goal of reducing unit electricity consumption while maintaining the specific surface area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"463 ","pages":"Article 121142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Machine Learning approach to transferable Loss-in-Weight feeder mass flow prediction from equipment configuration and material properties 从设备配置和材料特性预测可转移的重量损失给料机质量流的机器学习方法
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121154
Carlota Mendez Torrecillas , Hikaru G. Jolliffe , Richard Elkes , Gavin Reynolds , Magdalini Aroniada , Andrew Shier , Hugh Verrier , Sara Fathollahi , John Robertson
{"title":"A Machine Learning approach to transferable Loss-in-Weight feeder mass flow prediction from equipment configuration and material properties","authors":"Carlota Mendez Torrecillas ,&nbsp;Hikaru G. Jolliffe ,&nbsp;Richard Elkes ,&nbsp;Gavin Reynolds ,&nbsp;Magdalini Aroniada ,&nbsp;Andrew Shier ,&nbsp;Hugh Verrier ,&nbsp;Sara Fathollahi ,&nbsp;John Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work presents a model structure to predict Loss-in-Weight feeder mass flow performance equation parameters from material and equipment properties <em>via</em> three Machine Learning (ML) models using an ensemble-of-trees approach; the dataset represents 50 materials and material grades and two feeders (with multiple screws per feeder). One ML model is used for feed factor (mass/screw revolution) magnitude prediction, another for the range of feed factor decay behaviour, and a final ML model for refinement of the range to a scalar value. Feed factor magnitude is accurately predicted (test R<sup>2</sup> of 0.94, reducing to 0.84 when inputs <em>e.g.</em> material properties are missing) and decay behaviour range is predicted with good accuracy (weighted F1 score of 86.4 %, and 78.6 % with missing inputs), while decay scalar refinement is challenging due to inherent variability. The present approach can be used for equipment pre-selection to determine which feeder-screw combination will likely deliver the mass flow required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"463 ","pages":"Article 121154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic behaviors of heavy oil droplets impacting solid surfaces and liquid films 重油液滴撞击固体表面和液体膜的动力学行为
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121127
Xu Ding , Jianfei Song , Ji Liu , Xiaojian Wu , Fangrong Wei
{"title":"Dynamic behaviors of heavy oil droplets impacting solid surfaces and liquid films","authors":"Xu Ding ,&nbsp;Jianfei Song ,&nbsp;Ji Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Wu ,&nbsp;Fangrong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbonaceous deposition on the outer surface of cyclone separator's vortex finder is primarily caused by the impact and deposition of heavy oil droplets on the solid surface. A glycerol-anhydrous ethanol solution with physical properties similar to heavy oil droplets was used as the research object, this study simulates the impact between heavy oil droplets and surfaces/liquid films under different temperature conditions. Experiments combined with the CLSVOF method reveal that reducing droplet contact time on surfaces inhibits deposition. This can be achieved by increasing the contact angle, decreasing droplet viscosity, increasing the initial impact velocity of the droplets, reducing droplet diameter, and creating appropriate microstructures on the solid surface to split the droplets into several smaller droplets upon impact. For droplet-liquid film interactions, increasing the Weber number (<em>We</em>), decreasing the Ohnesorge number (Oh), and optimizing film thickness promote secondary droplet formation, thereby inhibiting carbonaceous deposition. However, once the liquid film reaches a certain thickness, further increases have little effect on the splash behaviors. Moreover, the influence of different surface microstructures on splash morphology and characteristic parameters can be neglected. Based on dimensionless parameters such as <em>We</em>, <em>Re</em>, <em>Oh</em>, and <em>h*</em>, a predictive model for the critical conditions of splashing during the impact of heavy oil droplets on liquid films is proposed: <em>Wec·Oh</em><sup><em>-0.4</em></sup> <em>=</em> <em>1000</em> <em>h*</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"463 ","pages":"Article 121127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Charge induction-based detection of particulate matter concentration: Effects of environmental parameters on measurement accuracy 基于电荷感应的颗粒物浓度检测:环境参数对测量精度的影响
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121139
Shengyong Lu, Kai Zhang, Yaqi Peng
{"title":"Charge induction-based detection of particulate matter concentration: Effects of environmental parameters on measurement accuracy","authors":"Shengyong Lu,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Yaqi Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particulate matter is a primary pollutant generated by waste incineration. This study developed a novel particulate matter concentration detection system based on charge induction principle and investigated the influence of wind speed, temperature, humidity and particle size on measurement accuracy. The detection error decreased with increasing wind speed, temperature, humidity, as well as decreasing particle size. The degree of factors influencing detection accuracy ranked as follows: wind speed &gt; humidity &gt; temperature ≈ particle size. Wind speed primarily affected collision and friction effects and the number of particulate matters passing through the electrode. Temperature and humidity influenced the specific resistance and conductivity of particles, while particle size affected the nucleus-mass ratio and the spatial distribution uniformity at a given mass concentration. This study validates the feasibility of the charge method for particulate matter detection and provides valuable data for the exploration of influencing factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 121139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calibration of discrete element parameters and FEM-DEM coupling analysis for solid granules medium deep drawing forming 固体颗粒介质拉深成形离散单元参数标定及FEM-DEM耦合分析
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121129
Haiwei Shi, Changcai Zhao, Bing Du, Guoyi Shen, Hengkai Ren
{"title":"Calibration of discrete element parameters and FEM-DEM coupling analysis for solid granules medium deep drawing forming","authors":"Haiwei Shi,&nbsp;Changcai Zhao,&nbsp;Bing Du,&nbsp;Guoyi Shen,&nbsp;Hengkai Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To analyze the internal interactions of solid granules medium (SGM) and their interactions with sheet metal during the SGM deep drawing forming process, the discrete element method (DEM) is used for the SGM, and the finite element method (FEM) is employed for the sheet metal. A new FEM-DEM coupling method is developed based on the force conservation principle. To address the issues of circularity and deformation under high pressure present in the SGM, the rolling resistance linear (RRL) model is applied. A high-precision inversion method utilizing the back propagation neural network-particle swarm optimization (BP-PSO) algorithm is proposed to enhance the efficiency of DEM parameter calibration. The SGM deep drawing forming process is conducted and compared with the simulation results of the FEM-DEM coupling model, which confirms the accuracy of the coupling model. This model analyzes force transmission and flow of the granules, efficiently visualizing interactions during the forming process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"463 ","pages":"Article 121129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differentiable simulation and optimization of particle-fluid flows using graph neural networks 基于图神经网络的颗粒流体流动可微模拟与优化
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121143
Chengbo Liu , Tingting Liu , Kaiyuan Yang , Kun Hong , Xizhong Chen
{"title":"Differentiable simulation and optimization of particle-fluid flows using graph neural networks","authors":"Chengbo Liu ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Kun Hong ,&nbsp;Xizhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle-fluid two-phase flow phenomena are prevalent in various engineering applications, including resource management and environmental hazard mitigation. Accurate modeling and control of these flows are crucial for optimizing system performance and preventing catastrophic events. In this study, we propose a novel approach that integrates the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate complex particle-fluid interactions. A Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) framework is subsequently trained to capture these two-phase dynamics. The developed approach is validated through real-world experiments, demonstrating its effectiveness in practical scenarios. To optimize flow control structures, such as baffles or barriers, we develop an inverse design framework powered by the differentiable capability of GNNs. This framework efficiently explores the design space to minimize destructive flow behaviors and control the processes. The results show that this approach provides a powerful tool for designing resilient systems capable of optimizing the two-phase flows in various engineering contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 121143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the crushing characteristics of polymetallic nodules based on the single-tooth roller crusher 基于单齿辊破碎机的多金属结核破碎特性研究
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121138
Peng Tang , Baoqi Xie , Guocheng Zhao , Wei Zhu , Wenxian Wang , Wenbo Ma
{"title":"Study on the crushing characteristics of polymetallic nodules based on the single-tooth roller crusher","authors":"Peng Tang ,&nbsp;Baoqi Xie ,&nbsp;Guocheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenxian Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline lifting mining systems have strict requirements for the transport particle size of polymetallic nodules, and the mined nodules generally require primary crushing treatment. This paper investigated the nodule crushing characteristics using the single-tooth roller crusher. The mineral composition and microstructure of nodules were investigated by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometers. It was found that the kernel is predominantly composed of silicate minerals while the outer layer is mainly comprised of iron‑manganese oxides and hydroxides. The high porosity structure and low interfacial bonding strength lead to the low tensile strength. Based on slow compression tests and existing research data, the Tavares UFRJ breakage model parameters for nodules were calibrated and validated. Nodule crushing simulations under different initial particle sizes, discharge opening gaps, and rotational speeds were conducted. It was observed that the maximum particle size after crushing first increases and then decreases with the increase of initial particle size, but all are less than 40 mm; it increases approximately linearly with the increase of the discharge opening gap; and first increases and then decreases with the increase of rotational speed. The over-milled mass fraction shows a fluctuating upward trend with the increase of the initial particle size, a monotonically decreasing trend with the increase of the discharge opening gap, and a trend of first slightly decreasing and then slowly transitioning to a sharp increase with the increase of the rotational speed. These findings provide critical operational guidelines for deep-sea mining systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 121138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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