Powder Technology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Synergistic effect of waste glass and steel slag on mechanical property and microstructure of cement-based materials
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120479
Lu Wang , Zhiyang Gao , Qingqing Jin , Xuemei Zhang , Yan Ruan , Yuechen Li , Shuhua Liu
{"title":"Synergistic effect of waste glass and steel slag on mechanical property and microstructure of cement-based materials","authors":"Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyang Gao ,&nbsp;Qingqing Jin ,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Ruan ,&nbsp;Yuechen Li ,&nbsp;Shuhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement production significantly contributes to CO<sub>2</sub> footprint and the utilization of solid wastes in this process not only promotes resource conservation but also enhances the properties of the resulting product. The synergistic effect of waste glass powder (WGP) and steel slag powder (SSP) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cement-based materials has been investigated. The findings indicate that when WGP or SSP is used to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) individually, with replacement levels ranging from 0 to 45 %, the compressive strength decreases considerably. In WGP group the reduction rate varies from 30 % to 50 % and in SSP group it ranges from 10 % to 50 % during the early hydration stages (3-28 d). However, by 90d the reduction is less notably. During later hydration, the pozzolanic reaction of WGP reduces the Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> content and leading to a redistribution of hydration products, while SSP can be activated to form additional C-S-H gel and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The combined use of WGP and SSP demonstrates an acceleration effect on OPC at early stages, and the hydration of SSP generates Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> to promote the pozzolanic reaction of WGP during later hydration. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of WGP and SSP can deliver enhanced economic and environmental advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Force analysis of bubble-particle detachment colliding with a solid surface 气泡粒子与固体表面碰撞的脱落力分析
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120454
Junji Wang , Wei Huang , Ning Yao , Chuanlong Yang , Songying Chen , Guichao Wang
{"title":"Force analysis of bubble-particle detachment colliding with a solid surface","authors":"Junji Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Ning Yao ,&nbsp;Chuanlong Yang ,&nbsp;Songying Chen ,&nbsp;Guichao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This is the second in a series of papers concerned with bubble-particle detachment colliding with a solid surface. Part I [<span><span>22</span></span>] explored, experimentally, the detachment of a particle from the surface of a bubble colliding with a solid surface in mimic of the pulp-froth interface. Detachment was seen to be dependent on interactions between the bubble-particle aggregate and the solid surface, which is characterized by the inclination angle. A neck was formed during the detachment process between a particle and a bubble. Zoom in images of bubble-particle aggregate are used to extract parameters on contact angle and three-phase contact, which can be used to calculate forces acting on the particle.</div><div>Part II presents calculations of the forces in the particle detaching processes, which is essential to the modelling of coarse particle flotation processes. It is found that advancing contact angle serves as a prerequisite for the particle detachment in both particle detachment modes, i.e. rebound detachment and slip detachment. The advancing contact angle makes the three-phase contact line contract and move over the location of the maximum capillary force. After which the particle is likely on the track of detachment.</div><div>This study provides detailed experimental observations and calculations of the forces acting on particles during separation, analyzes the forces between particles attached to bubbles when aggregates collide with a flat wall, and provides the first quantitative analysis of the impact of contact angle hysteresis on the separation mechanism, providing new insights for applications in the field of transportation and beneficiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold compressive strength of iron ore pellets in distinct reduction stages 不同还原阶段铁矿球团的冷抗压强度
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120478
Olli Vitikka , Mikko Iljana , Anne Heikkilä , Pauli Pekuri , Simo Isokääntä , Timo Fabritius
{"title":"Cold compressive strength of iron ore pellets in distinct reduction stages","authors":"Olli Vitikka ,&nbsp;Mikko Iljana ,&nbsp;Anne Heikkilä ,&nbsp;Pauli Pekuri ,&nbsp;Simo Isokääntä ,&nbsp;Timo Fabritius","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The worldwide use of blast furnaces (BF) in ironmaking continues. The generation of fine matter in the BF shaft hampers the furnace operation and causes particle emissions. The tendency of the main charge of the BFs, iron ore pellets, to produce fines during the process is evaluated by means of standardized tests performed at a low constant temperature. In this work, the durability of commercial acid pellets was evaluated by performing cold compressive strength tests on samples that had been exposed to high-temperature experiments aiming for different reduction degrees in a laboratory-scale furnace simulating actual BF conditions. Strength was found to have decreased to a minimum of approximately 59 % of the original result when the reduction degree was 19 %. The studied pellet achieved a comparatively good result in the standardized low-temperature reduction-disintegration test, which shows the uncertainty of current methods in the evaluation of ferrous burden materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ECVT imaging and CFD simulation of particle flow in a 90° bend 90° 弯道中粒子流的 ECVT 成像和 CFD 模拟
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120476
Xichen Gu, Daoye Yang, Aofang Guo, Mengtao Zhang, Shuxian Zhang
{"title":"ECVT imaging and CFD simulation of particle flow in a 90° bend","authors":"Xichen Gu,&nbsp;Daoye Yang,&nbsp;Aofang Guo,&nbsp;Mengtao Zhang,&nbsp;Shuxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-solid two-phase flow characteristics in a 90° bend within a pneumatic conveying system are critical for design and performance optimization, impacting conveying efficiency and system safety. Electrical Capacitance Volumetric Tomography (ECVT) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed in this study to investigate the flow characteristics in the bend. The ECVT system for bends was validated through static tests. A setup with a 36 mm inner diameter was constructed for high-speed 3D imaging of 0.9 mm quartz particles. Flow patterns, solid-phase concentration, particle velocity spectra, and mass flow rate were analyzed under various gas velocities. The Euler-Lagrange method and SST K-ω model were used to simulate particle flow and pipe wall erosion numerically. Results indicate diverse flow patterns across different gas velocities, where moderate turbulence enhances efficiency and limits erosion. This study offers an experimental basis for predicting and controlling particle motion, providing scientific guidance for optimizing pneumatic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation of the effect of interstitial liquid on the shear characteristics of geotechnical granular materials 间隙液体对岩土颗粒材料剪切特性影响的实验研究
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120474
Yuxiang Hu , Dong Yang , Wenqing Niu , Weilong Zhang , Wei Teng , Hu Zheng
{"title":"Experimental investigation of the effect of interstitial liquid on the shear characteristics of geotechnical granular materials","authors":"Yuxiang Hu ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Wenqing Niu ,&nbsp;Weilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Teng ,&nbsp;Hu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interstitial liquid between particles is a significant factor affecting the shear characteristics of geotechnical granular materials. To further investigate this issue, this study systematically conducted ring shear tests on quartz sand with different saturations and particle sizes. It was found that the impact of saturation on the shear characteristics of quartz sand has a strong correlation with particle size. The effective friction coefficient of coarse sand shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing saturation. The volume strain changes of quartz sand during shearing can be divided into three stages, with the trend in each stage significantly affected by saturation and particle size. The absolute crushing rate of coarse sand gradually decreases with increasing saturation. The smaller the particle size, the lower the likelihood of breakage. The findings provide scientific basis for further understanding the dynamic mechanisms behind the shear deformation and failure-induced disasters of geotechnical granular materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 120474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulatory mechanism and applicability of pulsed gas on drying uniformity of non-spherical wet grains in a fluidized-bed
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120477
Hanru Liu , Yurong He , Tianqi Tang , Ming Zhai
{"title":"Regulatory mechanism and applicability of pulsed gas on drying uniformity of non-spherical wet grains in a fluidized-bed","authors":"Hanru Liu ,&nbsp;Yurong He ,&nbsp;Tianqi Tang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulsed gas can regulate the uniform fluidization of particles, thereby enhancing the product quality of wet grains after drying. However, due to the diversity of grain shapes, the regulatory mechanism and applicability of pulsed gas on the drying uniformity of grains remain unclear. This study used an improved CFD-DEM drying model for wet grains to investigate how particle shape and pulsed frequency affect flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer. The results showed that increasing pulsed frequency can change the particle mixing mechanism from convective to diffusive, and reduce the particle residence time in high-temperature regions. The formation frequency of horizontal channel-like bubbles influences the mesoscale structure evolution and interphase heat transfer uniformity. However, higher pulsed frequency decreases contact time between particles and bubbles, requiring a balance between mixing intensity and bubble contact. Finally, the intercriteria correlation method quantified the applicability of pulsed frequency for drying particles with different shapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 120477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soil flow behavior in baffled rotary drum based icy lunar regolith simulant preparation
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120460
Zhiheng Zhang , Guanxin Chi , Junyue Tang , Shengyuan Jiang , Ye Tian , Weiwei Zhang , Ziheng Liu
{"title":"Soil flow behavior in baffled rotary drum based icy lunar regolith simulant preparation","authors":"Zhiheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanxin Chi ,&nbsp;Junyue Tang ,&nbsp;Shengyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Icy lunar regolith(ILR) exists in lunar permanently shadowed regions. The preparation of ILR simulant is crucial for conducting ground-based tests for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU). To improve the fidelity of ILR, a novel method for ILR preparation was introduced, termed the water molecule deposition coating(WMDC) method, anchored in the natural formation mechanism of ILR. The cold regolith particles undergo complete tumbling, effectively trapping the water molecules. ILR samples were evaluated for uniformity in water content and micro-morphological characteristics to substantiate the effectiveness of this method. The discrete element method(DEM) was used to analyze the motion and mixing processes of lunar regolith particles within a baffled rotary drum and to determine the impact of various conditions on particle flow behaviors. The results revealed positive correlations between rotation speed, baffle number, and filling degree with central particle density (CPD), with optimal mixing index (MI) achieved at higher rotation speeds and lower filling degrees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical methods and key issues for the study of particle material fragmentation behavior-A review 研究颗粒材料破碎行为的数值方法和关键问题--综述
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120457
Shaomin Liang , Y.T. Feng , Zhihua Wang
{"title":"Numerical methods and key issues for the study of particle material fragmentation behavior-A review","authors":"Shaomin Liang ,&nbsp;Y.T. Feng ,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fragmentation behavior of particle materials is widely observed in natural environments, engineering applications, and other fields. It is an important factor contributing to natural disasters and engineering accidents. This paper aims to provide a selective overview of research methods for studying particle fragmentation behavior. The review primarily focuses on numerical methods for investigating particle fragmentation and key problems of interest in this field. Firstly, it classifies and summarizes the numerical methods based on the discrete element method, the coupling of discrete element and finite element method, the finite element method, and the peridynamics theory. It outlines the proposal, implementation process, development history, major applications, and existing issues associated with each method, suggesting possible solutions where applicable. Secondly, it discusses key issues in particle fragmentation research, including fragmentation mechanisms, fragmentation criteria, major influencing factors, size distribution, and energy problems. Finally, the paper concludes with an outlook on future research efforts in the field of particle fragmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation on a novel mixed collector for carbon recovery from coal gasification fine slag: Experimental insight and macro molecular simulations 从煤气化细渣中回收碳的新型混合收集器研究:实验见解和宏观分子模拟
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120473
Shiwei Wang , Mohana Rao Kadagala , Luis Vinnett , Naresh Kumar Sharma , Guomin Wei
{"title":"Investigation on a novel mixed collector for carbon recovery from coal gasification fine slag: Experimental insight and macro molecular simulations","authors":"Shiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Mohana Rao Kadagala ,&nbsp;Luis Vinnett ,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Guomin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of flotation for decarbonizing fine slag from coal gasification depends on the selection of appropriate collectors or surfactants. This study explored the synergistic effect of kerosene combined with cationic surfactants, including dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride, dodecylamine, and dodecylamine hydrochloride, on recovering residual carbonaceous material from coal gasification fine slag, using both MD and experimental simulations. The Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the water molecules and oxygen-rich silicon glass beads dominated the slag surface, while the XPS analysis demonstrated that the functional groups containing oxygen on the residual carbon surface promote hydrogen bonding with water molecules in the flotation solution. The results suggested that the highest yield, along with optimal Loss on Ignition (LOI) and combustible recovery, was achieved at the 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/L surfactant concentration. The MD simulations demonstrated that dodecylamine had the highest diffusion coefficient and adsorption capacity, explaining its superior interaction with residual carbon surfaces and its effectiveness in the decarbonization process. This approach contributed to the valorization and reuse of carbon generated by the waste of coal gasification fine slag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A rheological law to describe powder agitation in a lab-scale paddle mixer: Shear band observation and dimensional analysis 描述实验室规模桨式搅拌机中粉末搅拌的流变学定律:剪切带观察和尺寸分析
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120469
Hayfa Boussoffara , Cendrine Gatumel , Blandine Malécot , Maxime Viau , Henri Berthiaux
{"title":"A rheological law to describe powder agitation in a lab-scale paddle mixer: Shear band observation and dimensional analysis","authors":"Hayfa Boussoffara ,&nbsp;Cendrine Gatumel ,&nbsp;Blandine Malécot ,&nbsp;Maxime Viau ,&nbsp;Henri Berthiaux","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work adopts an in-system rheological approach to analyse powder flow behaviour in dense flows under mechanical agitation. For this purpose, an empirical law has been developed to assess powder rheology within a laboratory mixing setup, focusing on interactions between the paddles and the powder bed in dense flow. This model, is <em>an empirical</em> law, based on the μ(I)-rheology-like framework derived from dimensional analysis and shear band visualization. It reveals good predictive capabilities for powders of similar particle shapes but different sizes across various filling ratios. This approach addresses challenges in measuring complex powder parameters, such as the effective friction coefficient <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub></math></span>, establishing a practical and easily applicable model that facilitates the scaling up of mixing processes and allows for better anticipation of forces exerted on the paddles. Comparisons with Hatano's equation showed a good fit with the rheological framework, particularly for deep powder beds. Better evaluation of the shear band width and reconsideration of normal stress assumptions may be the way forward to improve the accuracy of this μ(I)-rheology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"451 ","pages":"Article 120469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信