International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献

{"title":"Title: System integration in CCUS initiatives: Current considerations in North European countries","authors":"Rikke Drustrup ,&nbsp;Ivar Lyhne ,&nbsp;Jesper Raakjær","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies requires extensive interactions with existing socio-technical systems across the value chain, involving various input and output flows of resources. As the number of CCUS projects grows, it is essential to examine how these interactions are managed during the development and operation phases, with a focus on systemic effects. This study reviews scientific literature and investigates CCUS initiatives in four European countries to analyze how key actors perceive and address system integration. Through coding of data from interviews with 17 representatives across the CCUS value chain, the findings reveal substantial variation in how systemic integration is considered among different actor profiles, leading to a proposed typology of four approaches to systemic effect consideration. The study outlines implications for CCUS implementation and suggests areas for future research to deepen the understanding of CCUS systemic effects. These findings are particularly relevant for stakeholders involved in integrating CCUS projects within specific contexts and systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault permeability in carbonate-marl multilayers: implications for faulted CO2 storage site assessment","authors":"E.A.H. Michie ,&nbsp;F. Agosta ,&nbsp;L. Smeraglia ,&nbsp;S.L. Allshorn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the petrophysical and structural properties of faulted marl-carbonate multilayers to better understand their potential to act as barriers or conduits to fluid migration. The research focuses on the potential Smeaheia CO₂ storage site in the Norwegian North Sea, complemented by analogues from the Gubbio and Mt. Gorzano Fault zones in Italy. Utilizing petrophysical measurements, optical microscopy, and structural analysis, we evaluate the deformation mechanisms and their impact on fault rock permeability. Our findings reveal significant variability in fault rock permeability, governed by lithological heterogeneity. Marl-rich fault rocks exhibit permeability that is lower in comparison to that measured within the undeformed host rock, due to clay-rich pressure solution seams and veining, enhancing their sealing capacity. Conversely, carbonate-rich units display increased permeability, associated with brecciation, cataclasis, and open fracturing, which may compromise sealing integrity. Carbonate-marl mixed scenarios show intense brecciation, cementation, veining and pressure solution that results in an average permeability that is similar to that measured within the undeformed host rock, despite the variety of deformation microstructures. At Smeaheia, the dominance of marl within the overburden may suggest a potential for effective containment when juxtaposed against the reservoir unit, due to pressure solution being the likely main active mechanism, that may lower the transmissibility and transmissibility multipliers of the fault. By refining our understanding of fault-sealing mechanisms in carbonate-marl multilayers, these insights are useful for site selection and risk assessment for CO₂ storage where these lithologies are common in the subsurface, contributing to global efforts in carbon management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of passive seismic monitoring network for CO2 sequestration in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Zuzana Jechumtálová ,&nbsp;Leo Eisner ,&nbsp;Frans van Buchem ,&nbsp;Thomas Finkbeiner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the effectiveness of various seismic monitoring arrays, including surface-based, shallow borehole, and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) arrays, for detecting microseismic events at a potential sequestration site in Saudi Arabia. The analysis focuses on two key parameters: the sensitivity of the arrays in detecting seismic events and the accuracy in locating detected events. Sensitivity is quantified by determining the minimum detectable moment magnitude at three depth intervals of interest: the seal, reservoir, and underburden layers. Results indicate that surface-based and shallow borehole arrays are more effective at detecting weak (around moment magnitude 0.5 and weaker) seismic events at shallow layers, whereas DAS arrays exhibit significantly reduced sensitivity at greater distances from the monitoring borehole due to increased attenuation. The study also examines location uncertainty caused by variations in seismic wave arrival times and the impact of different array configurations. While DAS arrays can detect seismic events, their ability to accurately locate events is limited by their sensitivity to horizontally propagating waves, particularly at greater distances from the monitoring borehole. For effective microseismic monitoring, the study concludes that DAS arrays should be spaced between 2 km and 4 km, while surface and shallow borehole arrays are preferable for monitoring the top seal formation. Furthermore, surface and near surface arrays are able to differentiate between seismicity from the seal, reservoir, and underburden subject to accurate velocity model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validated thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling framework for CO2 storage in chalk reservoirs: A case study from the Harald East field","authors":"Behzad Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Frédéric Amour,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Hajiabadi,&nbsp;Carlos A.S. Ferreira,&nbsp;Armin Abdollahi,&nbsp;Hamid M. Nick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The injection of CO₂ into depleted hydrocarbon fields or aquifers involves a complex interplay of coupled physical and chemical processes. In chalk reservoirs, this complexity is further amplified by the highly deformable nature of chalk, necessitating the application of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modeling. Such modeling is critical for understanding and quantifying potential risks, including the development of hazardous leakage pathways. This study evaluates the reliability and validation of reservoir models for CO₂ injection in chalk formations using geomechanically informed calibration.</div><div>The Harald East field, a depleted gas reservoir with significantly reduced average pressure due to extensive production, is used as a case study. An in-house \"two-way\" coupling framework between flow and geomechanical models was employed to simulate induced deformations and in situ stress variations resulting from gas production. These simulations were validated against production data, platform subsidence, and seismic measurements during the production period. Once the model's reliability was established, coupled simulations were performed for cold and hot CO₂ injection scenarios, followed by a post-injection period, to evaluate their effects on reservoir stability and long-term CO₂ plume propagation.</div><div>The results demonstrate the reliability of a two-way coupled geomechanical and reservoir simulation framework for CO₂ storage in chalk reservoirs. The coupled THM simulations effectively capture critical interactions between fluid flow, thermal processes, and geomechanics required for geological CO₂ storage assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-economic and environmental performance analysis of Carbon capture and storage systems for different types of ships","authors":"Engin Güler ,&nbsp;Selma Ergin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shipping industry faces increasing demands to decrease its environmental footprint. The International Maritime Organization has introduced strict regulations regarding this demand, which will come into force in the near future. This requires the adoption of innovative solutions to mitigate CO₂ emissions on board. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) system, which provides CO₂ reduction that can exceed 90% in land facilities, may also be promising for ships. Thermo-economic and environmental performance analyses of CCS systems for different types of ships have been carried out by considering the operational profiles and particulars of the vessels in this study. Results show that the CCS systems for different ship types can capture between 30-55% CO₂ if only waste heat is used in CO₂ regeneration. The life cycle cost of the CCS system varies between 79.2-344 $/ton CO₂ depending on the ship type, and liquefied natural gas carriers have been determined to be the most feasible ship type. By reducing the maximum normalized engine load value in the design of the CCS system, it is probable to decrease costs by 17.9% against a 3.45% CO₂ reduction penalty for a Kamsarmax-type bulk carrier ship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring CO2 injection in the Kızıldere geothermal field","authors":"Taylan Akın ,&nbsp;Selçuk Erol ,&nbsp;Ali Berkay Tokel ,&nbsp;Doguhan Barlas Sevindik ,&nbsp;Serhat Akın","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-enthalpy geothermal systems in Turkey emit significant amounts of non-condensable gases (NCGs), primarily CO₂, during energy production. Recent advances in carbon capture and storage technologies have enabled low emissions by re-injecting produced CO₂. However, CO₂ injection carries risks, necessitating proper evaluation due to potential buoyant migration and leakage. Monitoring is essential before, during, and after CO₂ re-injection to ensure the gas is not transported to the surface through fault zones or well cement failure. As part of the GECO H2020 project, 980 tons of CO₂ were captured from the Kızıldere III geothermal power plant and injected as dissolved in effluent water over six months into the Kızıldere reservoir. This study aims to demonstrate the behavior of injected CO₂ by tracking the CO₂-effluent fluid mixture, evaluating the chemistry of geofluids from neighboring production wells, analyzing shallow groundwater quality, and monitoring soil CO₂ fluxes. The four-year survey established a baseline before CO₂ re-injection and observed changes afterward. To determine the movement of injected CO₂ within the reservoir, a 2.6 Naphthalene DiSulfonate tracer was injected. The tracer reached all nearby observation wells and confirmed the hydraulic connection between the wells. Monitoring revealed that injected CO₂ is predominantly stored as dissolved CO₂ in the reservoir water rather than through mineral sequestration. There were no significant changes in shallow groundwater composition and soil CO₂ fluxes before, during, and after the CO₂ injection. This successful pilot demonstration showed that CO₂ injection reduces emissions from the power plant and enhances re-injection efficiency by facilitating carbonate dissolution in the reservoir. These findings suggest that similar CO₂ injection strategies could improve re-injection performance in other geothermal fields with carbonate-bearing reservoir lithologies and enhance natural pumping effects at production wells. Such advancements could lead to reduced operational costs and promote sustainable geothermal energy production with net-zero emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of the DMX™ technology for carbon capture and storage in steel production: An environmental assessment","authors":"David Yang Shu ,&nbsp;Leidy-Tatiana Vargas-Ibáñez ,&nbsp;Guillaume Batôt ,&nbsp;Fabrice Devaux ,&nbsp;Vania Santos Moreau ,&nbsp;Ludger Leenders ,&nbsp;André Bardow","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be retrofitted to existing industrial plants to reduce CO₂ emissions. However, implementing CCS requires the construction and operation of additional process equipment, transport infrastructure, and geological storage facilities. The environmental impacts of the additional industrial infrastructure and its operation can be quantified using the life-cycle assessment methodology. However, life-cycle assessments often rely on generic CCS supply chain models or proxies due to a lack of data. This study evaluates the environmental impact of a megatonne-scale CCS supply chain applied to the blast furnace gas of a steel plant based on detailed data generated in the <em>DMX™ Demonstration in Dunkirk</em> project. In particular, a CCS supply chain is investigated that uses the DMX™ technology, a second-generation amine-based post-combustion CCS technology. Our assessment indicates high life-cycle CCS efficiencies of the supply chain under a wide range of scenarios, with life-cycle emissions below 100<!--> <!-->kg of CO₂-eq. per tonne of CO₂ captured and stored. This efficiency results from the local energy supply’s low greenhouse-gas-intensity and efficient offshore transport. Compared to primary steel production, non-climate-related impacts of the CCS supply chain are small, except for <em>ionizing radiation</em>, <em>water scarcity</em>, <em>resource use of energy carriers</em>, and <em>ozone depletion</em>, where impacts could be reduced with renewable electricity. While CCS can substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions in steel production already today, we show that CCS is insufficient to achieve net-zero emission steel. Given high costs and supply chain complexity, CCS must be integrated into broader decarbonization strategies to avoid stranded assets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-stage robust optimal dispatching model for source-load-storage resources flexibility supply-demand balance considering integrated carbon capture power plants","authors":"Yushu Pan ,&nbsp;Zhongfu Tan ,&nbsp;Xinyu Guo ,&nbsp;Yueping Wang ,&nbsp;Shenbo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of the shortage of flexibility caused by large-scale renewable energy connection to the power system, the paper considers retrofitting the carbon capture &amp; storage (CCS) and solvent storage tanks in thermal power plants (TPP) to form integrated carbon capture power plant (ICCPP), and quantifies the overall flexibility supply capacity of the power system by combining the characteristics of multiple resources. Secondly, considering the uncertainty of the net load ‘start and end time’, the flexibility requirement is calculated using the interval method. A two-stage robust optimization (TRO) dispatch model of the power system considering flexible supply and requirement is developed. The case study shows that: the conventional CCPP can reduce the carbon emission of TPP by 36.9 %, the upward and downward flexibility shortages are reduced by 17.45MW and 512.8MW respectively, and the total cost of day-ahead dispatching is reduced by 23.14 %. After configuring the solvent storage tanks, the carbon emission is further reduced by 8.03 % and there is no flexibility shortage, and the total cost is reduced by 5.3 %. The above results show that ICCPP can improve the low-carbon and flexibility of the power system, and the TRO model can well balance the economy and robustness of the dispatch plan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic feasibility of a novel bio-accelerated silicate weathering reactor concept for climate change mitigation","authors":"Nick Van Hee ,&nbsp;Michiel Van Tendeloo ,&nbsp;Konstantina Vasilakou ,&nbsp;Harun Niron ,&nbsp;Eric Struyf ,&nbsp;Jens Hartmann ,&nbsp;Sara Vicca ,&nbsp;Philippe Nimmegeers ,&nbsp;Siegfried E. Vlaeminck","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonization of anthropogenic activities is critical to limit global warming. Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) is a promising negative emission technology that permanently removes CO₂ through chemical reactions between silicates and water. However, traditional <em>ex-situ</em> processes are often cost-prohibitive, and <em>in-situ</em> approaches face challenges related to monitoring, leakage risks, and slow kinetics. Recent research indicates that biota (e.g., bacteria, fungi, earthworms) can enhance weathering rates, but the synergistic potential of multiple biota types remains underexplored. This study evaluates the techno-economic potential of a novel bioreactor concept that integrates multiple biota types with silicates, water and a CO₂ source to bio-accelerate CO₂ sequestration under milder, lower cost conditions. A prospective techno-economic assessment was conducted for three feedstock scenarios: 1) basalt and straw, 2) diabase and biochar and 3) steel slag and biochar, using Germany as a representative industrial case. For each scenario, the maximum economically viable rock use was determined relative to the European Emission Trading System (ETS) price of 90 €/tCO₂, and minimum sequestration target capacities were identified. Results indicate that the steel slag and biochar scenario is the most favorable, requiring a minimum sequestration capacity of 415 kgCO₂/t rock. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the CO₂ sequestration capacity, rock usage, feedstock cost, and transport logistics as key cost drivers. This study addresses an identified gap in techno-economic assessments of biologically assisted weathering systems and provides development targets for future optimization. The findings suggest that biota-assisted ESW reactors could offer a viable pathway for scalable and economically competitive CO₂ removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 104412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph network surrogate model for optimizing the placement of horizontal injection wells for CO2 storage","authors":"Haoyu Tang,&nbsp;Louis J. Durlofsky","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing the locations of multiple CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> injection wells will be essential as we proceed from demonstration-scale to large-scale carbon storage operations. Well placement optimization is, however, a computationally intensive task because the flow responses associated with many potential configurations must be evaluated. There is thus a need for efficient surrogate models for this application. In this work we develop and apply a graph network surrogate model (GNSM) to predict the global pressure and CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> saturation fields in 3D geological models for arbitrary configurations of four horizontal wells. The GNSM uses an encoding–processing–decoding framework where the problem is represented in terms of computational graphs. Separate networks are applied for pressure and saturation predictions, and a multilayer perceptron is used to provide bottom-hole pressure (BHP) for each well at each time step. The GNSM is shown to achieve median relative errors of 4.2% for pressure and 6.8% for saturation over a test set involving very different plume shapes and dynamics. Runtime speedup is about a factor of <span><math><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> relative to high-fidelity simulation. The GNSM is applied for optimization using a differential evolution algorithm, where the goal is to minimize the CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> footprint subject to constraints on the well configuration, plume location and well BHPs. Optimization results using the GNSM are shown to be comparable to those achieved using (much more expensive) high-fidelity simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 104404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}