International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献

{"title":"A Coupled Well-Reservoir Model to Quantify CO2 Release Rates and Temperatures during Well Blowouts in Geologic Carbon Storage","authors":"Pramod Bhuvankar,&nbsp;Abdullah Cihan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern wells are designed for safe and efficient transport of fluids. CO₂ injection wells are managed through engineering best practice such that acute releases of fluids are exceedingly rare. However, stakeholders have interest to understand the scale and dynamics of such low probability events to better inform investment and insurance decision making. Here we present a physics-based well-reservoir model to simulate transient acute release of CO₂ from injection wells through an unconfined bore-hole. The developed well model captures supercritical–liquid–gas–solid phase transitions of CO₂ during rapid depressurization. We applied this model to study the CO₂ flow rates and well-head cooling from an onshore injection well in a deep saline aquifer. For a hypothetical well undergoing two-week long release after 1 year of injection at a rate of <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow></math></span> MT/year, we observed up to <span><math><mrow><mn>48000</mn></mrow></math></span> tons of total CO₂ released. A near-triple-point temperature of −58°C was observed at the wellhead. Our simulations show the CO₂ flow rate to be sensitive to the reservoir permeability. With the developed model as a reference, we investigate various simplifications to speed up computations. The heat transfer between the well-bore and surrounding rocks is shown to have insignificant impact on the flow rate over two weeks, and is therefore be neglected in the simplified model. We use simulations to demonstrate the validity of a quasi-steady flow assumption inside the well. The proposed simplifications are shown to significantly speed up computations of acute CO₂ release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward consistent evaluation of CO2-EOR: A meta-analysis of life cycle assessments","authors":"Muhammad Y. Jabbar ,&nbsp;Sean T. McCoy ,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Masnadi ,&nbsp;Joule A. Bergerson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last two decades, extensive research on the life cycle carbon footprints of CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has yielded a wide range of results, yet inconsistent methodologies have hindered the reliability of these evaluations for policy development. To address these methodological inconsistencies, this study conducted a systematic meta-analysis of global life cycle assessment (LCA) studies examining GHG emission factors from CO₂-EOR systems utilizing both natural and industrial sources. The research developed and implemented a standardized evaluation workflow incorporating comprehensive screening, eligibility assessment, inclusion/exclusion criteria, data validation, clustering, and harmonization of critical background parameters, particularly electricity grid emission factors. The analysis employed both economic allocation and substitution approaches to evaluate life cycle emission factors across the complete supply chain. The harmonized gate-to-gate (GtG) emission factors resulted in a range from 14 to 167 kg CO₂e/bbl, with a median of 56 kg CO₂e/bbl. Statistical analysis revealed that electricity consumption exhibited a stronger correlation with emission factors than net CO₂ utilization, emphasizing the importance of electricity sourcing in LCA evaluations. When expanding to cradle-to-grave boundaries, the choice of allocation methodology emerged as a dominant driver of LCA, with median GHG emission factors varying from +538 kg CO₂e/bbl using economic allocation to -250 kg CO₂e/bbl using substitution approaches. Additionally, the CO₂ source characteristics, the type of displaced crude oil, and the EOR process design were found to significantly influence results. This systematic assessment underscores the imperative for standardized monitoring and comprehensive reporting of venting and fugitive emissions to reduce LCA uncertainties. The findings demonstrate how methodological choices, boundary definitions, and underlying assumptions critically impact CO₂-EOR emission factor evaluations, providing guidance for enhancing the robustness of future LCAs and informing reliable policy and research recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caprock complexity and storage assurance: Advanced findings on CO₂ containment in the Bunter Sandstone Formation","authors":"Ali Alsayah ,&nbsp;Sean P. Rigby","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lower Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation in the Southern North Sea is a promising site for CO₂ storage. This reservoir has a complex structure, particularly in the overlying Haisborough Group caprock, along with fractured shale interlayers, chimney like-structures and fault features. This study highlighted the importance of incorporating all of this complexity into a model of a ‘Bunter-like’ storage site.</div><div>Given the limited geological data on Bunter, four scenarios (Cases 1–4) were created to assess the impact of CO₂ storage on the integrity of a complex caprock structure. This study revealed that fracture reactivation within variegated shale interlayers differed when comparing scenarios with a multi-layered caprock or a single caprock. With a multi-layered caprock, the CO₂ plume was able to leak via the chimney region, whereas, with a single caprock, it did not. Furthermore, mineral dissolution/precipitation behaviour, particularly halite within the sub-layers of the shale interlayers, varied between the multi-layered and single caprock scenarios. Additionally, greater fault reactivation was observed in multi-layered caprocks compared to single caprock scenarios. With a multi-layered caprock, fault reactivation resulted in increased fault vertical and horizontal permeability than those observed in the single caprock scenario. The presence of a fault traversing several different layers of a multi-layer caprock led to different mineralogical behaviour than with a single caprock.</div><div>This study emphasized the critical importance of intricate feedback interactions in systems with complex seal and reservoir geologies, as these interactions are essential for governing the overall behaviour of plume migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic assessments of wellbore integrity for geologic carbon sequestration in deep saline aquifers via bulk-CO2 injection","authors":"Andreas Michael","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines wellbore integrity during bulk injection of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in deep saline aquifers, by modeling the associated stress-distribution evolutions within the three-layer casing-cement sheath-rock formation (C/CS/RF) system. A novel scheme, incorporating a total of eleven (“<span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>″) failure mechanisms is used to assess each layer of the C/CS/RF system, discretely.</div><div>The magnitude of the normal-effective stresses along the C/CS and CS/RF interfaces provide a set of calibration parameters to model the stress distributions within the intermediate-CS layer via estimating “free strains” created during the cement-curing process, while the integrity of the C/CS/RF system is assessed over a 30-year period of bulk-CO₂ injection in a closed (bounded system) and an open (unbounded system) aquifer. Disking failures, along with radial and shear-cracking tendencies, predicted within the intermediate-CS layer in closed-aquifer configurations, provide potential pathways for CO₂ leakages back into the atmosphere. The three aforementioned failure tendencies remain in open-aquifer configurations also, albeit to a smaller degree.</div><div>The generated stress distributions indicate no-inner debonding tendency along the C/CS interface, with the outer-debonding limit approached at the CS/RF interface, yet not exceeded. Furthermore, no tensile failures (via longitudinal or transverse-fracture initiation) are predicted from the CS/RF interface, nor any casing failures (related to compressive/tensile and collapse/burst stress loads). Neither of these scenarios (closed or open-aquifer configurations) is expected to trigger seismic activity along pre-existing faults (PEFs) in the CO₂-injection well’s vicinity. Finally, CO₂/brine displacement is overviewed using analytical and numerical means, as an alternative approach for potentially increasing storage efficiencies without wellbore-integrity compromises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title: System integration in CCUS initiatives: Current considerations in North European countries","authors":"Rikke Drustrup ,&nbsp;Ivar Lyhne ,&nbsp;Jesper Raakjær","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies requires extensive interactions with existing socio-technical systems across the value chain, involving various input and output flows of resources. As the number of CCUS projects grows, it is essential to examine how these interactions are managed during the development and operation phases, with a focus on systemic effects. This study reviews scientific literature and investigates CCUS initiatives in four European countries to analyze how key actors perceive and address system integration. Through coding of data from interviews with 17 representatives across the CCUS value chain, the findings reveal substantial variation in how systemic integration is considered among different actor profiles, leading to a proposed typology of four approaches to systemic effect consideration. The study outlines implications for CCUS implementation and suggests areas for future research to deepen the understanding of CCUS systemic effects. These findings are particularly relevant for stakeholders involved in integrating CCUS projects within specific contexts and systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault permeability in carbonate-marl multilayers: implications for faulted CO2 storage site assessment","authors":"E.A.H. Michie ,&nbsp;F. Agosta ,&nbsp;L. Smeraglia ,&nbsp;S.L. Allshorn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the petrophysical and structural properties of faulted marl-carbonate multilayers to better understand their potential to act as barriers or conduits to fluid migration. The research focuses on the potential Smeaheia CO₂ storage site in the Norwegian North Sea, complemented by analogues from the Gubbio and Mt. Gorzano Fault zones in Italy. Utilizing petrophysical measurements, optical microscopy, and structural analysis, we evaluate the deformation mechanisms and their impact on fault rock permeability. Our findings reveal significant variability in fault rock permeability, governed by lithological heterogeneity. Marl-rich fault rocks exhibit permeability that is lower in comparison to that measured within the undeformed host rock, due to clay-rich pressure solution seams and veining, enhancing their sealing capacity. Conversely, carbonate-rich units display increased permeability, associated with brecciation, cataclasis, and open fracturing, which may compromise sealing integrity. Carbonate-marl mixed scenarios show intense brecciation, cementation, veining and pressure solution that results in an average permeability that is similar to that measured within the undeformed host rock, despite the variety of deformation microstructures. At Smeaheia, the dominance of marl within the overburden may suggest a potential for effective containment when juxtaposed against the reservoir unit, due to pressure solution being the likely main active mechanism, that may lower the transmissibility and transmissibility multipliers of the fault. By refining our understanding of fault-sealing mechanisms in carbonate-marl multilayers, these insights are useful for site selection and risk assessment for CO₂ storage where these lithologies are common in the subsurface, contributing to global efforts in carbon management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of passive seismic monitoring network for CO2 sequestration in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Zuzana Jechumtálová ,&nbsp;Leo Eisner ,&nbsp;Frans van Buchem ,&nbsp;Thomas Finkbeiner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the effectiveness of various seismic monitoring arrays, including surface-based, shallow borehole, and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) arrays, for detecting microseismic events at a potential sequestration site in Saudi Arabia. The analysis focuses on two key parameters: the sensitivity of the arrays in detecting seismic events and the accuracy in locating detected events. Sensitivity is quantified by determining the minimum detectable moment magnitude at three depth intervals of interest: the seal, reservoir, and underburden layers. Results indicate that surface-based and shallow borehole arrays are more effective at detecting weak (around moment magnitude 0.5 and weaker) seismic events at shallow layers, whereas DAS arrays exhibit significantly reduced sensitivity at greater distances from the monitoring borehole due to increased attenuation. The study also examines location uncertainty caused by variations in seismic wave arrival times and the impact of different array configurations. While DAS arrays can detect seismic events, their ability to accurately locate events is limited by their sensitivity to horizontally propagating waves, particularly at greater distances from the monitoring borehole. For effective microseismic monitoring, the study concludes that DAS arrays should be spaced between 2 km and 4 km, while surface and shallow borehole arrays are preferable for monitoring the top seal formation. Furthermore, surface and near surface arrays are able to differentiate between seismicity from the seal, reservoir, and underburden subject to accurate velocity model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validated thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling framework for CO2 storage in chalk reservoirs: A case study from the Harald East field","authors":"Behzad Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Frédéric Amour,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Hajiabadi,&nbsp;Carlos A.S. Ferreira,&nbsp;Armin Abdollahi,&nbsp;Hamid M. Nick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The injection of CO₂ into depleted hydrocarbon fields or aquifers involves a complex interplay of coupled physical and chemical processes. In chalk reservoirs, this complexity is further amplified by the highly deformable nature of chalk, necessitating the application of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modeling. Such modeling is critical for understanding and quantifying potential risks, including the development of hazardous leakage pathways. This study evaluates the reliability and validation of reservoir models for CO₂ injection in chalk formations using geomechanically informed calibration.</div><div>The Harald East field, a depleted gas reservoir with significantly reduced average pressure due to extensive production, is used as a case study. An in-house \"two-way\" coupling framework between flow and geomechanical models was employed to simulate induced deformations and in situ stress variations resulting from gas production. These simulations were validated against production data, platform subsidence, and seismic measurements during the production period. Once the model's reliability was established, coupled simulations were performed for cold and hot CO₂ injection scenarios, followed by a post-injection period, to evaluate their effects on reservoir stability and long-term CO₂ plume propagation.</div><div>The results demonstrate the reliability of a two-way coupled geomechanical and reservoir simulation framework for CO₂ storage in chalk reservoirs. The coupled THM simulations effectively capture critical interactions between fluid flow, thermal processes, and geomechanics required for geological CO₂ storage assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-economic and environmental performance analysis of Carbon capture and storage systems for different types of ships","authors":"Engin Güler ,&nbsp;Selma Ergin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shipping industry faces increasing demands to decrease its environmental footprint. The International Maritime Organization has introduced strict regulations regarding this demand, which will come into force in the near future. This requires the adoption of innovative solutions to mitigate CO₂ emissions on board. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) system, which provides CO₂ reduction that can exceed 90% in land facilities, may also be promising for ships. Thermo-economic and environmental performance analyses of CCS systems for different types of ships have been carried out by considering the operational profiles and particulars of the vessels in this study. Results show that the CCS systems for different ship types can capture between 30-55% CO₂ if only waste heat is used in CO₂ regeneration. The life cycle cost of the CCS system varies between 79.2-344 $/ton CO₂ depending on the ship type, and liquefied natural gas carriers have been determined to be the most feasible ship type. By reducing the maximum normalized engine load value in the design of the CCS system, it is probable to decrease costs by 17.9% against a 3.45% CO₂ reduction penalty for a Kamsarmax-type bulk carrier ship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring CO2 injection in the Kızıldere geothermal field","authors":"Taylan Akın ,&nbsp;Selçuk Erol ,&nbsp;Ali Berkay Tokel ,&nbsp;Doguhan Barlas Sevindik ,&nbsp;Serhat Akın","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-enthalpy geothermal systems in Turkey emit significant amounts of non-condensable gases (NCGs), primarily CO₂, during energy production. Recent advances in carbon capture and storage technologies have enabled low emissions by re-injecting produced CO₂. However, CO₂ injection carries risks, necessitating proper evaluation due to potential buoyant migration and leakage. Monitoring is essential before, during, and after CO₂ re-injection to ensure the gas is not transported to the surface through fault zones or well cement failure. As part of the GECO H2020 project, 980 tons of CO₂ were captured from the Kızıldere III geothermal power plant and injected as dissolved in effluent water over six months into the Kızıldere reservoir. This study aims to demonstrate the behavior of injected CO₂ by tracking the CO₂-effluent fluid mixture, evaluating the chemistry of geofluids from neighboring production wells, analyzing shallow groundwater quality, and monitoring soil CO₂ fluxes. The four-year survey established a baseline before CO₂ re-injection and observed changes afterward. To determine the movement of injected CO₂ within the reservoir, a 2.6 Naphthalene DiSulfonate tracer was injected. The tracer reached all nearby observation wells and confirmed the hydraulic connection between the wells. Monitoring revealed that injected CO₂ is predominantly stored as dissolved CO₂ in the reservoir water rather than through mineral sequestration. There were no significant changes in shallow groundwater composition and soil CO₂ fluxes before, during, and after the CO₂ injection. This successful pilot demonstration showed that CO₂ injection reduces emissions from the power plant and enhances re-injection efficiency by facilitating carbonate dissolution in the reservoir. These findings suggest that similar CO₂ injection strategies could improve re-injection performance in other geothermal fields with carbonate-bearing reservoir lithologies and enhance natural pumping effects at production wells. Such advancements could lead to reduced operational costs and promote sustainable geothermal energy production with net-zero emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}