Journal of CO2 Utilization最新文献

{"title":"Bioadhesive design of CO2-based polycarbonate materials with thermosensitivity and biodegradability","authors":"Dake Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Dengmeng Song ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuyang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoni Ma ,&nbsp;Li Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the challenges of biotoxicity, poor long-term stability, and inadequate interfacial adhesion that hinder the clinical translation of tissue adhesives, we utilized the biocompatibility and biodegradability of CO₂-derived polycarbonates (PPC) and innovatively incorporated diacetyl-L-tartaric anhydride (DATA) into the copolymerization to develop PPC and DATA alternating/random copolymer (PPCD) bioadhesives. Compared to unmodified PPC, PPCD exhibits significantly enhanced adhesive properties: peel strength increased to 4.7 ± 0.43 N/cm (a 273 % improvement), sealing strength reached 67 ± 2.3 kPa (a 235 % enhancement), and skin adhesion strength rose to 22.1 ± 2.3 kPa (a 203 % increase). In comparative tests, PPCD outperformed commercial Fibrin glue in overall mechanical performance. Furthermore, PPCD demonstrates thermoresponsive viscosity modulation, undergoing debonding at 10°C with a thermal response efficiency exceeding 95 % compared to its viscosity at 37°C. Crucially, PPCD retains the degradability and bioaffinity of the original PPC, as confirmed by cytotoxicity assays showing &gt; 98 % cell viability and histopathological analyses in mice verifying its biosafety. This bioadhesive resolves the long-standing trade-off between mechanical robustness and biocompatibility, while also establishing a new CO₂ valorization strategy for eco-friendly biomedical materials. The functionalization of PPC not only enhances adhesive performance but also pioneers a sustainable pathway for carbon utilization, demonstrating the transformative potential of next-generation tissue repair technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103236"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing hydrogen production from wastewater-derived sewage sludge via alkali-catalyzed supercritical water gasification","authors":"S. Dhivya ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ben Ammar ,&nbsp;Murad Irshied Al-Maaitah ,&nbsp;Rebwar Nasir Dara ,&nbsp;A. Anderson ,&nbsp;Likius Shipwiisho Daniel ,&nbsp;Thandiwe Sithole ,&nbsp;Kassian T.T. Amesho","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global wastewater generation and reliance on fossil fuels for energy production necessitate sustainable treatment and energy recovery solutions. This study explores supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater as a hydrogen production pathway, focusing on the role of alkali catalysts (KOH, K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃). The effects of temperature (450–550°C), reaction time (5–30 min), and catalyst type on gas yield and efficiency were analyzed. At 550°C, the highest carbon efficiency (61 %), gas efficiency (69 %), and hydrogen yield (41 mol/kg) were observed. After 30 min, the gas composition reached H₂ (58 %), CO₂ (26 %), CH₄ (11.7 %), and CO (4 %). Among catalysts, Na₂CO₃ exhibited superior H₂ yield (29 mol/kg), carbon efficiency (58 %), and gas efficiency (51 %). This study highlights SCWG as a viable technology for hydrogen-rich gas production, contributing to sustainable energy solutions and wastewater valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103232"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptabilities of promoters in hydrate-based CO2 capture from simulated flue gases with high-temperature water vapor","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Ma ,&nbsp;Xudong Che ,&nbsp;Na Yin ,&nbsp;Yulu Wang ,&nbsp;Lianhai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingmei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuemin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhan ,&nbsp;Qingbai Wu ,&nbsp;Shuanshi Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides CO₂/N₂ mixed gases, actual flue gases also contain high-temperature water vapor exceeding 100 °C. For the hydrate-based CO₂ capture technology from flue gases, except for conventional hydrate formation promoter sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), another eco-friendly and high-efficient L-methionine (L-Met) recently emerges, both with great application potential. By using two liquid-injecting modes, three liquids with both 640 and 160 ml volumes of pure water and solutions of two promoters were heated to 110 °C and then injected inside a reactor containing mixed gases to form CO₂ hydrates. Specific adaptabilities and accelerating mechanisms of two promoters were then investigated under high-temperature water vapor scenario. The results indicate that both 0.1 and 1.0 wt% concentrations of promoters embody more significant accelerating effects on hydrate formation than pure water, and the promoter with a concentration of 0.1 wt% has a better effect. Considering the nozzle blockage and promotion efficiency, SDS is more suitable for 0.8 mm nozzles, and L-Met is more suitable for 0.1 mm nozzles. In terms of final averaged water conversion ratios to hydrate, 1.0 wt% SDS appears higher adaptability to 640 ml liquids and 0.1 wt% L-Met to 160 ml ones. The specific acting extent of SDS appears deeper than that of L-Met and the hydrate formed using SDS has coarse-grained morphology and that using L-Met the spherical one. This implies during hydrate formations by using SDS, some liquid water might be conserved inside the capillary pores acting as the water-source to foster continuous hydrate growth; for using L-Met, hydrate formation can absorb some liquid water from a relatively large distance through mobilization behavior of liquid water. This study provides some reference for future industrial-scale application of hydrate-based decarbonization technology from flue gases, especially under high-temperature water vapor scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103231"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of CO2 methanation for power-to-gas applications: Impact of in-situ water removal on performances and heat release","authors":"S.G. Acierno,&nbsp;C. Finelli,&nbsp;A. Lancia,&nbsp;A. Erto","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of CO₂ methanation, aimed at identifying optimal operating conditions for a reaction governed by a complex network. Simulations were performed in Aspen Plus® using Gibbs free energy minimization. Key variables were systematically investigated, including temperature (200–500 °C), pressure (1, 5, 10 and 30 atm), and H_2/CO₂ molar ratio (2:1, 4:1, 6:1). A special attention is given to selective water removal, analyzed across a full range (0–100 %) to simulate sorption-enhanced and membrane reactor systems. For these scenarios, the H_2/CO₂ ratio was fixed at 4:1 to reflect typical conditions. Given the exothermic nature of CO₂ hydrogenation, a thermal analysis was also performed to estimate heat release and assess the feasibility of thermoneutral operation. This was evaluated over an extended temperature range (200–700 °C) and the same pressures and feed ratios, providing insights into energy efficiency and operational stability.</div><div>Results show that water removal strongly shifts the thermodynamic equilibrium, significantly increasing CO₂ conversion and CH₄ selectivity up to a critical point, beyond which coke formation becomes favorable. The location of this optimum is highly sensitive to temperature and pressure, highlighting the need for strict operational control. Corresponding variations in the reaction heat profile further emphasize these dependencies. Overall, this work offers a detailed thermodynamic perspective on a kinetically complex system, identifies favorable operating windows and highlights process limitations. These findings complement existing literature and provide valuable guidance for the design and optimization of CO₂ methanation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103226"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-free conversion of CO2 to non-isocyanate polyurethane for solid amine sorbent pellets design for CO2 capture","authors":"Faranak Heshmatnia,&nbsp;Zahra Eshaghi Gorji,&nbsp;Nguyan Gia Huy,&nbsp;Baljeet Singh,&nbsp;Timo Repo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) has attracted considerable interest as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional isocyanate-based routes. In this work, a metal-free catalytic system based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to transform polyfunctional epoxides into cyclic carbonates with more than 90 % conversion, which can act as key monomer precursors for NIPU formation. Furthermore, the performance of this metal-free catalyst was evaluated in a one-pot process that directly couples epoxides, CO₂ and diamine to yield NIPUs, thereby demonstrating a sustainable strategy for NIPU synthesis that leverages benign catalytic conditions and CO₂ fixation. The synthesized NIPU was explored as a binder to produce shaped solid amine sorbents for CO₂ capture using a 15 % CO₂ stream, with the resulting hollow pellets exhibiting a carbon capture capacity of 29.5 mg/g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceria-doped UiO-66-derived carbon–zirconia supported vanadium catalysts for CO2-ODHP: Synergistic effects of MSI tuning, oxygen vacancies, and spillover behavior","authors":"Zahra Mokhtari,&nbsp;Jafar Towfighi Darian,&nbsp;Masoud Safari Yazd","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of zirconia-supported vanadium oxide catalysts—VZ (V₂O₅@ZrO₂), VZC (V₂O₅@ZrO₂/C, UiO-66-derived), and Ce-VZC (Ce-doped-V₂O₅@ZrO₂/C)—were synthesized and systematically evaluated for the CO₂-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). The incorporation of a carbonaceous framework derived from UiO-66 and the strategic doping of ceria were employed to optimize metal-support interactions (MSI), enhance oxygen vacancy formation, and promote the spillover of key intermediates. A comprehensive characterization strategy—including XRD, FT-IR, HR-XPS, FE-SEM/EDS, BET, H₂-TPR, and H₂/CO₂-TPD—combined with DFT calculations was undertaken to correlate structure–property–performance relationships. The results reveal that Ce-VZC exhibited the highest surface basicity, active site dispersion, reducibility, and oxygen vacancy concentration, all of which translated into superior catalytic performance and stability. DFT calculations confirmed the lowered energy barriers for propane dehydrogenation and CO₂ activation in Ce-VZC, while also demonstrating moderated MSI and longer spillover distances of H, O, and CO₂ species. Among the catalysts, Ce-VZC achieved the highest propane conversion (19.3 %) and propylene yield (13.9 %) with excellent stability over 600 min of time-on-stream. This work highlights the synergistic effect of ceria doping and carbon integration in tuning MSI, redox properties, and intermediate spillover, offering a promising route toward the rational design of high-performance ODHP catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103229"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigmatic demonstration of sonochemical carbon dioxide reduction proceeded over Cu-based catalysts","authors":"Dong Xia ,&nbsp;Yi Qin ,&nbsp;Yagya N. Regmi ,&nbsp;Laurie A. King ,&nbsp;James Kwan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sonochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction represents a promising decarbonization technology. However, relevant studies regarding the usage of solid catalysts in sonochemical reactor are rare. Herein, we investigate four distinct highly nanostructured cuprous oxides and sulfides for sonochemical CO₂ reduction via ultrasound-induced cavitation. Specifically, we investigate Cu₂O cubes, Cu₇S₄/Cu₂O cubes, Cu₇S₄ cages and Cu₇S₄ sheets morphologies. Each nanostructure is found to produce CO and H₂ in various ratios ranging from 1.0 – 2.3. Through a systematic study, we investigate the role of different acoustic conditions on affecting CO₂ sonolysis, involving the measurements in CO₂-saturated H₂O, 5 %CO₂/Ar-saturated H₂O, N₂-saturated H₂O, 5 %CO₂/N₂-saturated H₂O and CO₂-saturated KHCO₃. We show that Cu₂O cubes have the highest CO₂-to-CO conversion (up to 4286.4 μmol·L⁻¹·g⁻¹·h⁻¹) in 5 %CO₂/Ar-saturated H₂O. In addition, the as-synthesized Cu₂O cubes exhibited promising sonochemical stability, with CO and H₂ production rates stabilizing at around 890.3 μmol·L⁻¹·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ and 966.9 μmol·L⁻¹·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, respectively. Post sonochemical analysis indicated that the Cu₂O cubes maintain relatively high CO₂-to-CO conversion, as well as their morphology. This work provides the first proof-of-concept demonstration of using inexpensive Cu-based catalysts to enable low-carbon sonochemical CO₂ reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the solubility potential of anti-cancer and supportive agents in supercritical CO2 through advanced computational intelligence techniques","authors":"Reza Soleimani ,&nbsp;Mandana Moradi Kouchi ,&nbsp;Ziba Behtouei ,&nbsp;Zahra Ghasemi ,&nbsp;Alireza Baghban","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate prediction of solid drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) is critical for optimizing pharmaceutical processes, especially in environmentally sustainable drug formulation and purification. This study develops a machine learning (ML) framework for predicting solubility in SC-CO₂ using 744 experimental data points (520 training, 112 validation, 112 testing). Four features—melting point, molecular weight, pressure, and temperature—were used as model inputs. A comparative assessment was performed between conventional regression methods (Linear, Ridge, Lasso, Elastic Net) and advanced ML algorithms, including Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, Gaussian Process Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The results show that tree-based ensembles and deep learning approaches significantly outperform linear models. Notably, the CNN model achieved the best test performance with R² = 0.9839 and MSE = 0.0800, followed by CatBoost (R² = 0.9795) and Gaussian Process Regression (R² = 0.9751). Feature importance analysis using SHAP revealed molecular weight as the most influential variable, followed by pressure, temperature, and melting point. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ML in improving solubility prediction and supports its application in early-stage drug development and green pharmaceutical processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103227"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net-zero sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production via CO2 hydrogenation in low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Process design and alternatives","authors":"Luis Vaquerizo,&nbsp;Diego Rego-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is fundamental for decarbonizing the aviation sector, which remains one of the hardest industries to electrify. Among the available production routes, SAF derived from indirect CO₂ hydrogenation stands out as a promising alternative, delivering drop-in fuels compatible with existing infrastructure. This work presents and compares three thermally self-sufficient process alternatives for SAF production from captured CO₂, green hydrogen, and renewable electricity. The base case follows a conventional configuration consisting of Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS), Fischer-Tropsch (FT), hydrocracker, and Auto-Thermal Reformer (ATR) reactors. The first alternative replaces the ATR with two furnaces and substitutes the PSA-based CO₂ separation with an amine absorption unit. It also includes an isomerization bed to reduce SAF’s freezing point, a Dividing Wall Column (DWC) for efficient separation, and a steam turbine to recover part of the plant’s power demand. The second alternative retains the ATR while integrating CO₂ capture, the isomerization bed, and the DWC. The analysis shows that maintaining the ATR reactor reduces hydrogen consumption (0.52 kg H₂ per kg of products in the second alternative), being economically more favorable (3.65 €/L of SAF) than minimizing power consumption (716 kWh per ton of products in the first alternative), given the high cost of electrolytic hydrogen. In addition, the DWC proves to be the most efficient separation option, requiring the lowest reboiler duty and the fewest trays. All process configurations produce water as the only byproduct (approximately 3.3 kg H₂O/kg products), and achieve net-negative greenhouse gas emissions of up to −2 kg CO₂eq per kg of product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103225"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green copper oxide photocathodes using plant extracts for an efficient photoelectrochemical CO2 conversion to alcohols","authors":"Amena Mrabet ,&nbsp;Ivan Merino-Garcia ,&nbsp;Maite Perfecto-Irigaray ,&nbsp;Garikoitz Beobide ,&nbsp;Mohamed Khaddor ,&nbsp;Jonathan Albo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, green home-made synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are employed as photocathodes in the form of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for the continuous photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of CO₂ into valuable products, including methanol and ethanol. CuO nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts from <em>Salvia rosmarinus</em> (CuO-R), <em>Laurus nobilis</em> (CuO-L), and <em>Origanum vulgare</em> (CuO-O) are prepared in a green, sustainable manner, leveraging the phytochemicals in these plants for nanoparticle formation and stabilization. The eco-friendly synthesized CuO-based photocathodes are then prepared by an automated spray pyrolysis deposition technique and comprehensively physico-chemically, optically, and photoelectrochemically characterized, revealing enhanced photocurrent densities and promising product selectivity for CO₂ reduction to alcohols under visible light irradiation. Among the eco-synthesized photocathodes, CuO-R exhibited the highest PEC activity, achieving a Faradaic efficiency exceeding 66 % for methanol, with an energy efficiency of 39.2 %, while requiring a minimized external potential of −0.37 V (vs. RHE), lower than that for the chemically synthesized catalyst (CuO-P). Post-reaction analysis further confirmed that CuO-R maintained its structural integrity after continuous operation, reinforcing its superior stability and PEC efficiency. These results demonstrate that green synthesis pathways provide a sustainable and efficient approach to developing high-performance photocathodes for PEC CO₂ reduction, offering promising potential for scalable solar-driven carbon conversion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}