Journal of CO2 Utilization最新文献

{"title":"A pathway to cyclic carbonates: Cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxidized methyl oleate on grafted heterogeneous catalysts","authors":"Wander Y. Perez-Sena ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Ciccarelli ,&nbsp;Kari Eränen ,&nbsp;Martino Di Serio ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Russo ,&nbsp;Tapio Salmi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of CO₂ into value-added cyclic carbonates via cycloaddition to bio-derived epoxides presents a sustainable approach for CO₂ utilization. However, the production of cyclic carbonates from bio-sources such as epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) have significant challenges due to the low reactivity of CO₂ and the steric hindrance of internal epoxides in these bulky substrates. Consequently, the majority of systems for CO₂ fixation to bio-based epoxides rely on homogeneous catalysis. This study investigated the conversion of epoxidized methyl oleate, a model compound for EVOs, into its corresponding cyclic carbonate using heterogeneous 4-pyrrolidinopyridine-based catalysts. The influence of various catalytic parameters, such as the halide counter anions (Cl, Br, I) and incorporated metal Lewis acid centra, was explored within the catalyst. Among the halide counter anions, bromide exhibited a superior performance, achieving 65 % conversion and 59 % cyclic carbonate yield by the end of the experiment, while the effect of various metal centra was less pronounced, with an overall improvement in the cyclic carbonate yield of less than 10 % compared to the metal-free catalyst. A comprehensive study of reaction parameters, including the temperature (100–170°C), the CO₂ pressure (20–40 bar), and the catalyst loading (2.9–10.7 wt%), was conducted in a laboratory-scale autoclave reactor to elucidate the behavior of the reaction system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103005"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental, economic and social trade-offs of membrane-based direct air capture technologies integrated with CO2 conversion using life cycle assessment","authors":"Tianhui Fan ,&nbsp;Siyu Shen ,&nbsp;Chun Yat (Benjamin) Sit ,&nbsp;Paul J.A. Kenis ,&nbsp;Andrew Chapman","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technological solutions to address climate change are coalescing around renewable energy deployment. Yet, the deployment of renewables alone may not be sufficient to restrict temperature increases in line with Paris Agreement targets. The emergence of carbon negative technologies to bridge this shortfall is needed and expected to overcome this gap. Among these technologies, direct air capture (DAC) is being deployed at multiple scales using various approaches. This study investigates membrane-based DAC integrated with subsequent carbon dioxide to carbon fuel conversion, <em>i.e.</em>, DAC with utilization (DAC-U). The DAC-U evaluation is undertaken holistically, beginning with a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment, followed by economic feasibility scenario analysis and social acceptability analysis to establish acceptable deployment pricing and necessary policy interventions. This study reveals that, although the DAC-U represents a carbon negative capable technology with positive lifestyle and environmental outcomes, high capital costs present a significant barrier to deployment. To overcome this barrier, a robust policy regime including subsidies or fuel credits may be necessary. Further technological innovation and efficiency gains will also close this gap, meaning that the membrane-based DAC-U concept may play a role in achieving carbon neutrality goals in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103002"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectin/alginate aerogel containing ZnO produced from beetroot extract mediated green synthesis for potential applications in food packaging","authors":"Stefania Mottola ,&nbsp;Gianluca Viscusi ,&nbsp;Gianmaria Oliva ,&nbsp;Giovanni Vigliotta ,&nbsp;Stefano Cardea ,&nbsp;Giuliana Gorrasi ,&nbsp;Iolanda De Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, pectin aerogels loaded with zinc oxide (ZnO) were produced for a possible application in food packaging. Using a green synthesis procedure, ZnO nanoparticles were obtained via beetroot extract as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent; the obtained ZnO particles, with an average size of 300 nm, were loaded into pectin/alginate-based aerogels. Supercritical drying was used to produce the biopolymers-based aerogels, which were initially formulated with different polymer concentrations (2 wt% and 4 wt%) and various ratios between pectin and alginate (9:1, 7:3, 1:1) to identify the optimal configuration that would guarantee a balance between strength and morphology, resulting in better properties in the final structure. The aerogels enriched with different ZnO percentages (5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) were later produced. The aerogels showed a porous structure with uniform pore size distribution, influenced by the ZnO loading. The liquids’ absorption test of the samples assessed that higher concentrations of ZnO could reduce the available surface area, limiting the aerogels’ absorption capacity. The potent antimicrobial activity of ZnO and pectin/alginate aerogels against the non-pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> and the pathogenic <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> strains was demonstrated using a minimum lethal dose, highlighting the possibility of employing such materials in food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103003"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niclosamide piperazine solubility in supercritical CO2 green solvent: A comprehensive experimental and modeling investigation","authors":"Gholamhossein Sodeifian ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Bagheri ,&nbsp;Farnoush Masihpour ,&nbsp;Negar Rajaei ,&nbsp;Maryam Arbab Nooshabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to micro and Nano sizing a drug via supercritical fluid technology, it is necessary to obtain its solubility in various ranges of pressures and temperatures. For this purpose, solubility of <em>Niclosamide piperazine</em>, in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) was measured by a new static method, for the first time. The measurements were performed at various circumstances, i.e. temperatures = 308, 318, 328 and 338 K and pressures = 12–27 MPa. The obtained results indicate that pressure significantly influences the solubility of <em>Niclosamide piperazine</em>, with a measured solubility ranging from 0.77 × 10⁻⁷ to 13.60 × 10⁻⁷ in mole fraction. To study theoretically the solubility of <em>Niclosamide piperazine</em>, the obtained results are modeled using nine semi-empirical equations i.e. Garlapati-Madras, Chrastil, Kumar-Johnston, Sodeifian et al. (models I-II), Bartle et al., Bian et al., Sung-Shim, Mendez-Santiago-Teja and Peng-Robinson EoS with van der Waals mixing rule. Among which the Bian et al., model and Peng-Robinson EoS showed the minimum AARD% of about 4.45 % (corresponding corrected Akaike Information Criterion is −704.09) and 7.54 % (corresponding corrected Akaike Information Criterion is −699.24), respectively. Finally, enthalpies for the binary mixture of <em>Niclosamide piperazine</em>-supercritical carbon dioxide binary system has been determined, for the first time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102995"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the carboxylate anion on the CO2 absorption mechanism using based-imidazolium ionic liquids","authors":"Diana Murillo-Criado ,&nbsp;Fernando Aguilar-Galindo ,&nbsp;Isabel Serrano ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Emilia Tojo ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Suárez ,&nbsp;Baudilio Coto ,&nbsp;Maria Jose Tenorio","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels is contingent upon the implementation of strategies such as the curtailment of fossil fuel usage, the adoption of renewable energy sources, and the utilization of CO₂ capture and utilization technologies. Although direct air capture (DAC) presents a significant opportunity for global mitigation, industrial efforts have primarily concentrated on pre-combustion, oxyfuel, and post-combustion capture methods to enhance environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the economic viability of CO₂ reuse remains a significant concern, and the development of innovative solutions is imperative. In this study, the influence of the carboxylate anion on CO₂ absorption process using imidazolium-derived ionic liquids (ILs) is compared. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium formate ([BMIm][HCOO]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIm][OAc]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium propionate ([BMIm][C₃H₅OO]) have been analyzed. The efficacy of the capture process was assessed by quantifying the formation of an IL-CO₂ adduct using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). Furthermore, this work studies, using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and COSMO modelling, the difference in the spontaneity of the proton transfer from the cation [BMIm]⁺ to the carboxylate anions of the ionic liquids used in CO₂ absorption process. Based on experimental and modelling data, [BMIm][OAc] was identified as the optimal IL candidate, presents a CO₂ molar fraction absorbed at 30 °C and 1 bar of 0.203, compared to 0.083 for [BMIm][HCOO] and 0.190 for [BMIm][C₃H₅OO]. Moreover, theoretical simulations support these results with the calculation of the acid deprotonation equilibrium constants with the highest value being obtained for [BMIm][OAc].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103016"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of β-cyclodextrin-based catalysts system in the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide","authors":"Sara Payamifar,&nbsp;Ahmad Poursattar Marjani","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fixation is a vital chemical and biological methodology where carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the environment is altered into organic materials. This process creates the basis of the carbon cycle. It plays a significant role in maintaining Earth’s life and adjusting its climate. Cyclic carbonates are best known as multipurpose compounds and have broad utility in pharmaceutical construction and producing multiple fine chemicals. The cycloaddition of CO₂ and epoxide to create cyclic carbonates is regarded as one of the most hopeful CO₂ transformations due to its completely non-toxicity, economical, and much atomic economy technical routes for the employment of CO₂. However, utilizing the highly chemically stable CO₂ requires high bond cleavage energy of the C<img>O bond. Therefore, it is crucial to design and develop appropriate catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO₂. Recently, employing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a catalyst has dramatically improved due to unique properties like low-price, available, non-toxic, stable, biodegradable, renewable, green, eco-friendly, and the ability to create inclusion complexes. This investigation studies the preparation of cyclic carbonates utilizing a β-CD-based catalyst system via CO₂ molecular, which profoundly analyzes the research advancement of recent years. This review helps scientists to use contemporary improvements and, therefore, may furnish several beneficial visions for future studies on the construction of cyclic carbonates utilizing CO₂ as the feedstock. It will deliver a helpful reference and directory for researchers to progress better.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103011"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the supercritical extraction and decarboxylation process of industrial hemp","authors":"Taja Žitek Makoter ,&nbsp;Petra Kotnik ,&nbsp;Teo Makoter ,&nbsp;Željko Knez ,&nbsp;Maša Knez Marevci","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabinoids are the main active ingredients of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L., obtained by a suitable extraction method and decarboxylation, in which the acid forms of the cannabinoids are converted into active forms. Supercritical CO₂ extraction method and decarboxylation process were optimized for 7 cannabinoids (CBD, CBDA, THC, THCA, CBGA, CBN and CBC). The optimal extraction conditions for all cannabinoids were determined at a temperature of 60 °C and a pressure of 300 bar to 550 bar. At higher temperatures and reaction times, a significant depletion of neutral cannabinoids was observed. The optimal conditions of the decarboxylation process varied depending on the component. For the CBD component, which could be measured in the highest concentrations (560 mg/g), the optimal conditions were 140 °C and 10 min. The study can be an important model for predicting the behavior of cannabinoids under certain parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of silicate modulus and GBFS content on shrinkage of alkali-activated steel slag cementitious material","authors":"Jianwei Sun ,&nbsp;Yuehao Guo ,&nbsp;Yan Meng ,&nbsp;Ruiquan Jia ,&nbsp;Jiajie Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkali-activated steel slag material (ASSM), a sustainable and environmentally-friendly construction material due to its lower carbon footprint. faces challenges, particularly in terms of high shrinkage. This study investigated the relationship between autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, the type and content of hydration products, and pore structure of ASSM. The effects of different silicate moduli of water glass (1.5 and 2.0) and GBFS contents (10 % and 20 %) on the properties of ASSM were evaluated with a constant alkali concentration of 4 %. The results indicate that both the silicate modulus and GBFS content significantly impact the shrinkage behavior of ASSM. Decreasing the silicate modulus and increasing the GBFS content effectively reduce both autogenous and drying shrinkages. Notably, autogenous shrinkage is reduced more significantly with an increase in GBFS content at a low modulus, while drying shrinkage is reduced more noticeably under high modulus condition. The established shrinkage models can effectively predict autogenous and drying shrinkages of ASSM. The trend of drying shrinkage in ASSM corresponds to changes in the pore structure, whereas the varying trends in autogenous shrinkage may be attributed to the formation of gel products. Increasing the silicate modulus and GBFS content does not alter the types of hydration products. An increase in the silicate modulus and GBFS content has minimal effect on the hydration degree of ASSM. By increasing both the silicate modulus and GBFS content, the pore structure of the hardened paste can be refined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103015"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved gas separation performance of PMMA/Matrimid@5218/graphene oxide (GO) mixed matrix membranes","authors":"Amirali Salehi ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Omidkhah ,&nbsp;Abtin Ebadi Amooghin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Moftakhari Sharifzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent membrane research, the search for physicochemically stable membranes with exceptional separation properties surpassing the Robson upper limit has attracted considerable attention. For this purpose, the use of polymer blending and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has shown promise in improving membrane performance. In this study, we fabricated a blend membrane by incorporating Poly (5 amino-1-(4 aminophenyl)-1,3-trimethyl indane) (Matrimid^@5218) into the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer matrix to harness the positive properties of Matrimid, such as high mechanical strength and thermal stability, along with the suitable permeability and selectivity of PMMA. Subsequently, graphene oxide (GO) was embedded into this blend membrane to explore the gas separation properties of these new MMMs, focusing on He/N₂, He/CH₄, CO₂/N₂, and CO₂/CH₄ separations. After identifying the optimal polymer blend composition, gas permeation experiments were conducted on MMMs with varying filler loadings at different pressures (2–10 bar) and temperature (35 ºC). Comprehensive characterization techniques, including FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, XRD, and tensile testing, were employed to assess the prepared membranes. The results revealed that PMMA/10 %Matrimid/1 %GO exhibited the highest performance for He/N₂ and He/CH₄ separations. Notably, the He permeability increased from 12.83 Barrer for the pure PMMA membrane to 21.19 Barrer in PMMA/10 %Matrimid/1 %GO (about 65 %). Also, He/N₂ and He/CH₄ selectivities of PMMA/10 %Matrimid/1 %GO reached 857.9 and 1033.66. On the other hand, PMMA/10 %Matrimid/2 %GO emerged as the optimal MMM for CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ separation. This MMM exhibited CO₂ permeability, CO₂/N₂, and CO₂/CH₄ selectivities of 14.23 Barrer, 729.74, and 862.42, respectively. Comparing these results to the pure PMMA membrane with CO₂ permeability of 1.08 Barrer, CO₂/N₂ selectivity of 31.76, and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 83.07, PMMA/Matrimid/GO MMM series were good candidates for further investigation in industrial gas separations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103012"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning CO2 reduction selectivity via structural doping of TiO2 photocatalysts","authors":"Hana Kmentová ,&nbsp;Miroslava Filip Edelmannová ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Baďura ,&nbsp;Radek Zbořil ,&nbsp;Lucie Obalová ,&nbsp;Štěpán Kment ,&nbsp;Kamila Kočí","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.103008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the effects of various structural dopants on TiO₂ to enhance selectivity of reaction products in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Specifically, the impacts of nitrogen doping, platinum surface doping, and self-doping with Ti³ ⁺ ions (via oxygen vacancies in reduced TiO₂-x) were investigated. X-ray diffraction confirmed the anatase phase, with crystal sizes ranging from 24 to 27 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed uniformly distributed active sites on platinum-doped TiO₂ surfaces. Nitrogen doping selectively stabilized oxygen vacancies, enhancing CO production, while platinum loading acted as an electron trap, improving charge separation and promoting the deeper reduction of CO₂ to CH₄. Self-doping with Ti³ ⁺ ions introduced structural defects that further influenced photocatalytic dynamics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses demonstrated how these dopants reorganize surface defects, thereby fine-tuning product selectivity. Variations in dopant-to-oxygen ratios and smaller crystallites led to different yields of CO and CH₄, emphasizing the importance of dopant type and distribution. Stability tests confirmed consistent photocatalytic activity across multiple cycles, highlighting the robustness and reusability of the modified materials. This study provides valuable insights into the interplay between dopants, crystal structure, and photocatalytic performance, offering new directions for the design of tailored catalysts for selective CO₂ reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}