Journal of CO2 Utilization最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of mechanical properties and hydration of low-carbon magnesium and calcium-rich waste powder geopolymer paste","authors":"Changming Li ,&nbsp;Xudong Yang ,&nbsp;Dongyang Jia ,&nbsp;Shunbo Zhao ,&nbsp;Guanfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yaozong Wang ,&nbsp;Wanjiao Li ,&nbsp;Wenyu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium and calcium-rich waste powder (MWP) has the potential to be a low-carbon geopolymer cementitious material. This study investigates the mechanical properties and hydration products of low-carbon magnesium and calcium-rich waste powder geopolymer paste (LMWP). The influences of alkali content, calcination temperature, mix proportions of raw materials and curing temperature on the compressive strength and hydration of LMWP were examined. The mechanical properties of LMWP were systematically evaluated by assessing setting time, fluidity, and compressive strength, while the pore structure was analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The hydration products and microstructures of LMWP were investigated by XRD, TG-DTG, and SEM-EDS. The results indicated that incorporating 1 % NaOH significantly enhanced the compressive strength of LMWP, whereas thermally activated MWP (800 ℃, 900 ℃) negatively affected compressive strength development. The addition of slag facilitated the reaction of MWP and improved the compressive strength of LMWP. When the slag incorporation reached 40 %, the specimen demonstrated optimal performance with a compressive strength of 27.8 MPa. The pore diameter was predominantly distributed around 10 nm, indicating well-structured porosity. Microstructural analysis revealed that the hydration products are dense calcium magnesium silicate gels (C-M-S-H), which significantly enhanced the compressive strength and optimized pore structure of LMWP. The efficiency of carbon emission reduction achieved by LMWP was evaluated. The findings indicate that, compared to traditional cement-based materials, LMWP reduces cement consumption by over 60 %, significantly decreasing CO₂ emissions. This study innovatively utilizes MWP to prepare green and low-carbon geopolymer paste materials, with the aim of replacing cement applications in the construction industry, thereby reducing carbon emissions. It explores new avenues for the low-carbon and green development of the civil engineering sector and contributes to efforts in addressing the global climate crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrous phosphosilicate with highly dispersed poly(ionic liquids) as a nanocatalyst for production of biopolymer from limonene epoxide and CO2","authors":"Naser Monavari ,&nbsp;Rahele Zhiani ,&nbsp;Malihesadat Hosseiny ,&nbsp;Susan Khosroyar ,&nbsp;Zohreh Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Mina Moradi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed nano accelerators with a broad range by utilizing the interaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and tripolyphosphate (TPP), followed by attaching poly(ionic liquids) to the click-modified ligand of fibrous phosphosilicate (FPS). This process led to the uniform distribution of poly(ionic liquids) without any aggregation, forming PILs-FPS. This material was then applied as a green catalyst for producing cyclic carbonate from limonene epoxide and CO₂ under eco-friendly conditions. Subsequently, we synthesized a polymer from the natural cyclic carbonate obtained. The reaction between CO₂ and highly substituted epoxides from sustainable sources like waste limonene produced novel bio-based cyclic carbonates. The reaction took place under mild, solvent-free conditions using PILs-FPS as the catalyst. The fibrous FPS structures enhanced adsorption capacity and facilitated the recovery of the catalyst without significant loss of activity. The products were easily separated from the environmentally conscious setting, and the catalyst was reused multiple times without a notable decrease in performance or selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of carbonation and conventional curing for remediation of copper-contaminated soils by ladle slag","authors":"Bo Xu,&nbsp;Yaolin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil contamination poses an increasing challenge for global sustainable development. Traditional remediation methods, such as using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for treating contaminated soils, are limited by high CO₂ emissions, significant energy consumption, and natural resource depletion. A sustainable approach utilizing steel production waste (ladle slag, LS) to efficiently remediate copper (Cu)-contaminated soils was proposed in this study. The efficacy of this remediation using carbonation and conventional curing methods was compared. Cu-contaminated soils, spiked with varying initial concentrations, were treated with 10 % LS and subjected to both conventional and carbonation curing for different durations. Leaching behavior, strength development, and chemical and mineral properties of LS-remediated Cu-contaminated soils were assessed. The results demonstrated that both CO₂ and conventional curing significantly reduced Cu leaching in contaminated soils by 4–5 orders of magnitude compared to untreated soils. CO₂ curing achieved these reductions in a shorter time (56–72 hours) than conventional curing (28–56 days). Additionally, CO₂ curing sequestered up to 8 % CO₂ in the soils. However, higher Cu concentrations hindered carbonation reactions, lowering CO₂ sequestration. While CO₂ curing improved soil strength, increased initial Cu concentration diminished this effect. During CO₂ curing, the formation of Ca- and Mg-carbonates contributed to microstructural densification and binding, thereby improving strength. These carbonates also encapsulated Cu, preventing its leaching. In contrast, the addition of Cu enhanced hydration reactions and improved the strength development of Cu-contaminated soils subjected to conventional curing. Conventional curing produced calcium aluminum silicate hydrate, which effectively bound soil particles, filled pores, and encapsulated Cu, reducing its leaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of EPOC during the enhancement of RWGS reaction in a Pt/YSZ/Au single chamber reactor","authors":"Christos Chatzilias ,&nbsp;Eftychia Martino ,&nbsp;Alexandros K. Bikogiannakis ,&nbsp;Georgios Kyriakou ,&nbsp;Alexandros Katsaounis","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrogenation of CO₂ remains one of the most intriguing and effective strategies for addressing the continuous increase of CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere. At the same time, it serves as an effective pathway for the formation of value-added products. This work explores the Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC) phenomenon on the CO₂ hydrogenation reaction, utilizing a single chamber reactor with a Pt/YSZ/Au electrochemical cell. Experiments were conducted under ambient pressure conditions, within a temperature range of 200–400 °C, for a reactant flow rate of 100 cm³/min under reducing (P_CO2: P_H2 = 1:7) and oxidizing (P_CO2: P_H2 = 2:1) conditions. The effect of reactant ratio, reactor temperature, and applied current/potentials on the reaction rate were thoroughly investigated. The only observed product was carbon monoxide through the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction (RWGS). Under purely catalytic operation of the cell (open circuit), reducing conditions were found to be more favorable for the RWGS reaction as compared to oxidizing ones. The imposition of negative potential values under reducing environment resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in the RWGS reaction rate (r_CO = 21 × 10⁻⁹ mol/s) as compared to open circuit values (r_CO = 9 × 10⁻⁹ mol/s). On the other hand, application of positive potentials had no profound effect on the catalytic rate, which was attributed to competing electrochemical and surface processes taking place on the catalyst electrode. The kinetic results are discussed in conjunction with the physicochemical and the morphological characteristics of the catalytic film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102980"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of bio-based cyclic carbonates from CO2 and renewable feedstocks via porous poly(azomethine) -based heterogeneous catalysts approach","authors":"Marcelo Echeverri ,&nbsp;Eva M. Maya ,&nbsp;Dulce M. Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two families of heterogeneous porous catalysts based on iron or cobalt poly(azomethine) (PAM) networks were reported to synthesize cyclic carbonates from bio-based aliphatic oxides epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The different PAM supports were prepared by reacting 2,6-pyridine dicarboxaldehyde with 1,3,5 tris(4 aminophenyl)benzene (PAM-1) or with melamine (PAM-2) by microwave activation. Both supports exhibited high thermal stability and similar CO₂ uptake (1.3 mmol/g) but PAM-2 showed higher specific surface area (779 m²/g vs 401 m²/g), more crystallinity and less capacity for anchoring metals than PAM-1. The novel catalysts were used in the cycloaddition of CO₂ to renewable feedstocks. Thus, using epoxidized methyl oleate (MOE) the corresponding cyclic carbonates were obtained with excellent yields (78–96 %) using a CO₂ pressure of 7 bars, 120 ºC and 16 h of reaction. The best catalysts of the series, Fe@PAMs were also evaluated in the cycloaddition of CO₂ to epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) in the same condition reaction obtaining excellent performance, epoxide conversions and cyclic carbonate yields greater than 90 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102977"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in slag foaming processes toward reduced CO2 emission for electric arc furnace steelmaking","authors":"Xingyu Liu,&nbsp;Wei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking offers significant advantages in terms of low CO₂ emissions, making it a promising avenue for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the iron and steel industry. However, the conventional slag foaming practice through injection of fossil-based carbon (coal and coke) and oxygen still contributes most direct CO₂ emissions to EAF steelmaking. Development of low-fossil carbon even fossil carbon-free slag foaming technology has presented a new opportunity to further decrease the CO₂ emissions of EAFs. The present review systematically delves into the current advancements in EAF slag foaming processes to inspire and give valuable insights on near-zero CO₂ emission slag foaming technology. The foaming slag theory and evaluation models were first summarized. And then the strengths and weaknesses of most of distinct slag foaming processes, namely the conventional carbon-oxygen injection slag foaming process, the slag foaming process utilizing waste plastics and rubber, biomass chars, carbonates and nitrates, and the exogenous gas injection slag foaming process, were reviewed and analyzed from perspectives of foamy mechanism and performance, reduction of CO₂, industrial application and challenge. In general, the carbon-free exogenous gas injection or combined injection with biomass char exhibit the most promising potential among these slag foaming processes in terms of great CO₂ reduction and even near-zero CO₂ emission. Ultimately, the future prospects surrounding the development directions and industrial application challenge of low-CO₂ and near-zero CO₂ emission slag foaming technology were discussed and summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102979"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-phase CO2 hydrogenation to methanol synthesis: Solvent screening, process design and techno-economic evaluation","authors":"Dongliang Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Du ,&nbsp;Zuwei Liao ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Hong ,&nbsp;Shilong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on a liquid-phase CO₂ hydrogenation process for methanol synthesis to enhance CO₂ conversion. The feasibility of a liquid-phase CO₂ hydrogenation process is comprehensively evaluated through a techno-economic analysis. The solvent tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether is identified as one of the most favorable options following an analysis of the solubility data pertaining to various solvents and their influence on the reaction equilibrium of the substances within the system. The influence of process parameters, including temperature, pressure, solvent amount, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), on the conversion of CO₂ and the selectivity for methanol is examined and optimized in a liquid-phase CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol process without a gas recycle (Process 1), optimal reaction conditions are determined and a CO₂ conversion of 95.19 % and a CH₃OH yield of 94.77 % with a purity of 99.9 % are achieved. A liquid-phase process with a gas recycle (Process 2) is implemented to enhance the utilization of feed gas, achieving a CO₂ conversion rate of 95.23 % and a methanol yield of 99.69 %. The liquid-phase process is further optimized by incorporating reactive distillation technology (Process 3), to enhance reaction efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Following the techno-economic evaluation, the energy efficiency of Process 3 is 7.79 % and 4.99 % higher than that of Process 1 and Process 2, respectively. The product cost of Process 3 is reduced by 8.75 % compared to Process 1 and by 4.25 % compared to Process 2. This research offers insights into the challenges associated with the development of the liquid-phase method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements in integrating CO2 capture from flue gas and ambient air with thermal catalytic conversion for efficient CO2 utilization","authors":"Ruoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Xie ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Ge ,&nbsp;Xinli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capturing CO₂ and converting it into valuable chemicals and fuels have been regarded as a pivotal strategy in addressing the environmental challenges of ever-growing CO₂ emissions. Combining CO₂ capture and conversion through material or process integration can eliminate the energy-intensive steps such as separation, compression, and transportation across a wide range of space and temperatures. The flue gas at high temperatures &gt; 300 °C can be handled with dual-function materials consisting of sorbents and catalysts. The dual-function materials combine CO₂ capture and conversion through material integration, converting CO₂ with reactions such as methanation, reverse water-gas shift, dry reforming of CH₄, and oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. On the other hand, capturing CO₂ from air directly requires a long time to collect enough CO₂ for the subsequent conversion reaction. Consequently, direct air capture will likely combine with the conversion reactions in stepwise operations. The low latent heat in CO₂ from direct air capture makes it more suitable for reactions at a mild condition (&lt; 250 °C), and stepwise operation allows the separate control of the capture and conversion conditions. Herein, we reviewed recent advancements in coupling CO₂ capture from flue gas and ambient air with thermal catalytic conversion. We discussed the requirements for materials, reactor configuration, and process operation for capturing and converting CO₂ from these sources and proposed that future research should focus on enhancing the efficiency, scalability, and sustainability of CO₂ capture and conversion technologies and optimizing the process design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102973"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in development of characterization capabilities to evaluate candidate materials for direct air capture applications","authors":"Marcus Carter ,&nbsp;Huong Giang T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Allen ,&nbsp;Feng Yi ,&nbsp;Wei-Chang D. Yang ,&nbsp;Avery E. Baumann ,&nbsp;W. Sean McGivern ,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Manion ,&nbsp;Ivan Kuzmenko ,&nbsp;Zois Tsinas ,&nbsp;Charlotte M. Wentz ,&nbsp;Malia Wenny ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Siderius ,&nbsp;Roger D. van Zee ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Stafford ,&nbsp;Craig M. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of U.S. national efforts to combat the detrimental effect of global climate change, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was recently tasked to support efforts in direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide research and deployment. In order to develop test procedures, materials, and documentary standards, key characterization methods relevant to DAC materials have been investigated and used to identify desirable properties for a potential Standard Reference Material (SRM). Select amine-supported materials that previously showed potential for DAC applications have been characterized using commonly available laboratory methods. Further insights into the adsorption characteristics have been gained from developing and applying more specialized characterization tools ideal for probing low concentrations of carbon dioxide. A broad suite of capabilities that examine relevant properties under appropriate conditions gives the most profound insights into a material’s specific performance. We advocate for even more specialized capabilities to be developed and standardized to quantitatively monitor the interactions of CO₂ with molecular species in complex and often disordered systems to advance DAC and support carbon dioxide reduction (CDR) in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution law of the pore structure of CO2-H2O-coal in liquid CO2-ECBM","authors":"Xiaojiao Cheng ,&nbsp;Hu Wen ,&nbsp;Shixing Fan ,&nbsp;Bocong Liu ,&nbsp;Rijun Li ,&nbsp;Yanhui Xu ,&nbsp;Wen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid CO₂ enhancing coalbed methane recovery (CO₂-ECBM) is an effective and intrinsically reliable gas drainage technology. Injection of liquid CO₂ into coal seam has the dual effect of increasing the permeability of the coal and rock and strengthening the recovery of gas, which is manifested primarily as “pressure cracking, low temperature frostbite, physical extraction and chemical corrosion, phase change pressurization, low viscosity permeability, competitive adsorption”. In this paper, the acidification and corrosion of CO₂-H₂O-coal was studied in physical and chemical extraction by experimental test and comparative analysis. The liquid CO₂ acidification reference group and the variable group experiment were designed. On the basis of the pH value of the aqueous solution, the content of major elements and minerals in coal, the minerals involved in chemical reaction, and their specific gravity were deduced. Variation in pore volume, specific surface area, and pore fractal characteristics were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The experimental results show that the higher the pressure, the higher the content of carbonic acid dissolved in water and the amount of H⁺ ionized by carbonic acid. The longer the reaction time, the greater the mineral content involved in the chemical reaction, and the H⁺ in the water sample is consumed in large quantities. The elements of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Si, S, P, and Ti decreased with increasing pressure, and the maximum decreases were 0.004 %, 0.024 %, 1.095 %, 0.028 %, 0.220 %, 0.304 %, 0.006 %, 0.003 % and 0.029 %, respectively. The decrease in Ca element was the largest, indicating that Ca-bearing minerals participate in the reaction. Calcite, kaolinite, and illite were the main minerals involved in the chemical reaction of CO₂-H₂O-coal. The pores (<em>d</em> &gt; 100 nm) and transition pores (10 &lt; <em>d</em> &lt; 100 nm) in the sample were further developed, and the pore volume increased significantly, forming a good gas migration channel. In addition, the number of new micropores (2 &lt; <em>d</em> &lt; 10 nm) increases, the specific surface area increases significantly, and the complexity of the pores increases, forming a good reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102971"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}