Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology最新文献

{"title":"Increasing airflow ventilation in a nasal maxillary ostium using optimised shape and pulsating flows.","authors":"Patrick Warfield-McAlpine, David F Fletcher, Fiona Zhang, Kiao Inthavong","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01971-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01971-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventilation of the maxillary sinus is essential for regulating pressure, preventing infection and providing mucous to the nasal anatomy. During infection, the pathway between the sinus and the nasal airway (ostia) can become inflamed and restrict ventilation. Surgery is often required to restore airflow. The current surgical standard involves the widening of the ostium. Although this restores fluid flow, it has been linked to post-surgical sequelae. This study examined the effects of pulsating flow and geometric modifications on airflow distribution in a T-junction model analogous to a nasal maxillary ostium. A circular T-junction with variable anterior and posterior radius of curvature ( <math><msub><mi>R</mi> <mi>c</mi></msub> </math> ) was used to simulate airflow through the nasal maxillary ostium, investigating flow behaviour under oscillatory inlet velocities at frequencies of 30, 45, 60, and 75 Hz. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations assessed how flow distribution through the nasal cavity and maxillary ostium (represented by the x- and y-branches) is affected by curvature and oscillatory frequency, focusing on implications for respiratory airflow, particle delivery and inhalation toxicology. Results indicated that increasing the anterior <math><msub><mi>R</mi> <mi>c</mi></msub> </math> enhanced airflow into the y-branch (analogous to the maxillary ostium), while posterior curvature had minimal impact. Higher oscillatory frequencies increased reverse flow, which may improve ventilation but could interfere with consistent drug delivery. These insights are valuable for optimising respiratory therapies and inhalation toxicology.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1343-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left coronary artery biomechanics: a characterization study using fluid structure interaction simulations.","authors":"Marina Fandaros, Chloe Kwok, Zachary Wolf, Michael Shearer, Johnathan Scheiner, Yulee Li, J Jane Cao, Wei Yin","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01974-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01974-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-specific coronary artery biomechanics studies often have limited sample size. The goals of this study were: (1) To develop more patient-specific FSI models to expand current research effort in characterizing hemodynamic and biomechanical conditions within the coronary arteries; (2) to compare some of our model outputs, especially FSI model-generated vFFR values, to those provided by HeartFlow, to evaluate the clinical relevance of our model results. Ten healthy LCA geometries were used to develop patient-specific FSI models using COMSOL Multiphysics. The hemodynamic and biomechanical environment in the arterial wall were assessed, along the proximal, mid, and distal portions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The FSI model-calculated vFFR was compared to the matched HeartFlow reports. All FSI models indicated healthy perfusion. There was a good agreement with the HeartFlow calculation in the proximal LAD. The FSI model results indicated that the wall stresses were below the rupture thresholds. However, variations were observed along the arterial length in the von-Mises stress and strains. The FSI models offered improved physiological relevance for LCA simulation by including a large field of view. The biomechanical parameters were minimally related to geometric features, necessitating this procedure. This FSI modeling approach presented a few limitations. More work is needed to address these limitations and improve the physiological relevance of FSI modeling, so it can serve as a non-invasive method to assess the biomechanics of the coronary arteries, to support clinician's decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1385-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of focused ultrasound on shearwave production in a hyperelastic media.","authors":"Aniket Sabale, Mohd Suhail Rizvi, Viswanath Chinthapenta, Avinash Eranki","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01967-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01967-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging noninvasive modality for treating various medical conditions. It encompasses both therapeutic and diagnostic applications, utilizing ultrasound waves at different intensities. In diagnostic modalities, ultrasound energy is deposited at the focus to generate acoustic radiation force (ARF), resulting in the generation of shear stress and waves, which are utilized in elastography to evaluate the mechanical properties of tissue. However, therapeutic modalities utilizing higher intensities may lead to elevated shear stress levels. The shear stress induced in the focal region during FUS procedures can potentially affect biological processes, such as cell membrane permeability and gene regulation. To better understand the mechanical stress generated during FUS procedures, we developed a finite element model (FEM) to simulate sonication using a single-element FUS transducer. We modeled soft tissue using a neo-Hookean hyperelastic constitutive behavior, offering a more realistic representation of tissue behavior compared to the linear elasticity assumptions commonly employed in ultrasound-based elastography techniques. Operational parameters were varied to simulate different acoustic powers of the transducer by applying mechanical surface pressure at various operating frequencies. The model depicted FUS wave propagation with amplified surface pressure at the focus, generating relevant focal pressures consistent with clinical setups. The focal beam size within the soft tissue material was characterized and exhibited dependency on the operating frequency of the transducer. As the FUS wave converged at the focus, an ARF was exerted, resulting in displacement and induced shear stress around the focal region, which were quantified. The displacement and shear stress that were analyzed were dependent on the applied transducer surface pressure. These findings deepen the understanding of the mechanics of low-intensity FUS and provide valuable insights into its shear-related effects due to displacement and deformation of the media.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of vacuum-assisted delivery: biomechanics of maternal soft tissues.","authors":"Rita Moura, Dulce A Oliveira, Nina Kimmich, Renato M Natal Jorge, Marco P L Parente","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01977-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01977-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childbirth is a complex process influenced by physiological, mechanical, and hormonal factors. While natural vaginal delivery is the safest, it is not always feasible due to diverse circumstances. In such cases, assisted delivery techniques, such as vacuum-assisted delivery (VAD), may facilitate vaginal birth. However, this technique can be associated with a higher risk of maternal injuries, potentially resulting in long-term conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse or incontinence. This study investigates the biomechanical impact of VAD on maternal tissues, aiming to reduce these risks. A finite element model was developed to simulate VAD, incorporating maternal musculature, a deformable fetal head, and a vacuum cup. Twelve simulations were conducted, varying contraction durations, resting intervals, and the number of pulls required for fetal extraction. Results revealed that prolonged contraction durations, coupled with extended resting intervals, lead to a reduction in pelvic floor stress. Elevated stress levels were observed when fetal extraction involved two pulls, with an 8.43% decrease in maximum stress from two pulls to four. The peak stress recorded was 0.81 MPa during a 60-second contraction, followed by a 60-second rest period. These findings indicate that longer maneuvers may reduce trauma, as extended pulls allow muscles more time to relax and recover during both contraction and rest phases. Furthermore, an increased number of pulls extends the duration of the maneuver, facilitating fetal rotation and improved adjustment to the birth canal. This study offers crucial insights into the biomechanics of childbirth, providing clinicians with valuable information to enhance maternal outcomes and refine assisted delivery techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1435-1446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Bifurcation Morphology on Exercise-Induced PAH Deposition in the Lungs: A Computational Modeling Approach for Air Quality Research.","authors":"Justus Kavita Mutuku, Hsin-Chieh Kung, Wei-Hsin Chen, Chien-Er Huang, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Pau Loke Show","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01968-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01968-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the influence of lung geometry, physical activity intensity, and aerosol concentration on the deposition efficiencies (DEs) of particulate matter with surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PM-_PAHs) in human lung generations 3-6. Two-phase flows were effected in ANSYS 2020R2 platform using planar and orthogonal lung geometries, with two levels of physical activities, 4 metabolic equivalents (4 METs), and 8 METs. Aerosol concentrations of 0.95 μg‧m^-3, 1.57 μg‧m^-3, and 2.04 μg‧m^-3 represent rural, urban, and industrial areas, respectively. Relative differences in DEs for 1 μm, 3.2 μm, and 5.6 μm exhibit variations between the two geometries with ranges of 0%-84.4% for 4 METs and 1.2%-50.7% for 8 METs. The first carina region was the most significant hotspot for the 5.6 μm particles. On the other hand, the 1 μm and 3.2 μm aerosols infiltrated and deposited evenly at the lower sections of the lungs. Regarding PM-_PAHs doses, spatial variations indicate an industrial > urban > rural hierarchy. This investigation suggests that individuals in industrial and urban locations should manage the intensity of their outdoor activities to minimize exposure to PM-_PAHs. These findings are instrumental for public health interventions aimed at reducing exposure to PM-_PAHs and preventing associated health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1295-1312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagating instabilities in long collapsible tubes of nonlinear biological material.","authors":"Aris G Stamou, Ilias Gavriilidis, Ioanna D Karetsa, Spyros A Karamanos","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01973-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01973-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proper functionality of human body relies on several continuous physical processes, many of which are carried out through biological ducts/tubes. For instance, veins, arteries and airways into the human body are natural conduit systems where blood and air are conveyed. Those elastic tubular components are prone to structural instability (buckling) and eventually collapse under critical conditions of net external pressure, resulting in malfunctioning of main physical processes. In the present work, collapsible elastic tubes are studied from a structural mechanics perspective, examining their resistance to collapse under uniform external pressure, emphasizing on the influence of nonlinear material behavior. The problem is approached numerically using nonlinear finite element models, to analyze tubes with diameter-to-thickness ratio ranging from 9 to 30, considering different nonlinear elastic material properties and focusing on the post-buckling phenomenon of \"buckling propagation\". It is demonstrated that small softening deviations from linear elastic behavior may cause a localized collapse pattern followed by its propagation along the tube with a pressure lower than the collapse pressure. Results from two-dimensional (ring) and more rigorous three-dimensional (3D) finite element models are obtained in terms of the collapse pressure value and the propagation pressure value, i.e., the minimum pressure required for a localized buckling pattern to propagate, and the two models provide very similar predictions. A simple analytical model is also employed to explain the phenomenon of collapse localization and its subsequent propagation. In addition, special emphasis is given on the correlation between the 3D results and those from ring analysis in terms of the propagation profile and the energy required for the collapse pattern to advance. Finally, comparison with numerical results from tubes made of elastic-plastic material is performed to elucidate some special features of the propagation phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1363-1384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transit time mean and variance are markers of vascular network structure, wall shear stress distribution and oxygen extraction fraction.","authors":"Stephen J Payne, Yidan Xue, Jen-Feng Kuo, Wahbi K El-Bouri","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01959-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01959-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfusion measurements provide information about flow magnitude, but more detailed information is found from transit time distributions (TTD). Whether TTDs provide intrinsic (flow-independent) information about vascular geometry or just flow field remains unknown. We propose a new approach to calculate TTD, based on wall shear stress (WSS). We show that constant WSS yields zero-variance TTD. Simulations in statistical networks show that mean transit time (MTT) and capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH) are primarily determined by pathway number distribution rather than pressure drop distribution. Using 1000 statistically generated cortical columns, we show that (1) the central volume theorem provides a very good approximation for MTT, hence is a measure of tissue permeability; (2) CTH/MTT ratio, RTH (relative transit time heterogeneity), is a marker of WSS variability; and (3) RTH is inversely related to network oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) but only weakly related to MTT. RTH is below one in animal models, but above one in humans, indicating that WSS distribution is tighter in small animals (lower RTH and higher OEF), due to higher metabolic rate. Human WSS distribution appears to be an inherent property, since simulations show much larger RTH. Finally, WSS distribution is unaffected in ageing, but altered in pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1155-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covariation between rotator cuff muscle quality and shoulder morphometric bony features in B-glenoids: a statistical modeling approach.","authors":"Nazanin Daneshvarhashjin, Philippe Debeer, Harold Matthews, Peter Claes, Filip Verhaegen, Lennart Scheys","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01947-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01947-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotator cuff muscle (RCM) degeneration, bone morphology, and humeral head subluxation (HHS) are known risk factors for failure of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with B-glenoid shoulder osteoarthritis. Yet, the understanding of RCM asymmetry in these patients remains an area of active investigation, including its relation with other risk factors. We therefore aimed to characterize the variability of RCM degeneration in B-glenoids and analyze its covariation with scapular morphology and HHS. First, computed tomography images were used to quantify 3D RCM degeneration, including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, in sixty B-glenoids referenced against twenty-five healthy controls. Next, the 3D scapular shape of B-glenoids was quantified using a previously published statistical shape model. Thirdly, 3D HHS was quantified. Using dedicated correlation analyses covariation patterns were modeled between each of these risk factors. Results indicated that RCM degeneration in B-glenoids is primarily characterized by fatty infiltration, without any sign of asymmetric impact on the anterior versus posterior RCM. However, B-glenoids with asymmetric bone loss were found to have more RCM atrophy and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus. We identified four significant patterns of RCM degeneration and scapular shape, explaining 90.3% of their correlation. The primary mode indicates an association between combined posterior glenoid erosion and coracoid rotation with an increased infraspinatus' fatty infiltration. Interestingly, this mode was also positively correlated with posterior HHS (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). Identification of such patterns can improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models in predicting postoperative implant failure risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1141-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variability in craniofacial stiffness: a study in normal and Crouzon mice during postnatal development.","authors":"Marius Didziokas, Miranda Steacy, Tengyang Qiu, Arsalan Marghoub, Ali Alazmani, Erwin Pauws, Mehran Moazen","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01962-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01962-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature closure of craniofacial joints known as sutures. Typically, this condition is treated by numerous invasive surgical interventions. Previously we investigated the level of mechanical strain induced due to frontal bone loading on a mouse model of this condition in light of a minimally invasive cyclic bone loading, showing success in retaining coronal suture patency in the Crouzon mouse model. Here we expanded on the previous investigations and characterised the response to external loading on the anterior part of the parietal bone, posterior part of the parietal bone and interparietal bone in addition to the previously investigated frontal bone loading. The results highlighted the significantly higher deformation of the skull and cranial joints during loading of the posterior skull compared to anterior skull loading. These results suggest that loading-based treatment requires different loading regimes depending on location. Additionally, the response of the coronal suture was investigated directly at postnatal day 7 (P7) in both mutant and wild-type animals. The wild-type mice exhibited significant deformation of the coronal suture across all loading locations, whereas no significant deformation was observed in the mutants. Finally, the experimental results were utilised to develop and analyse computational models of WT mice at three ages: P7, P14, and P21. This underscored the challenges in accurately capturing the highly variable response of the mouse craniofacial system to external loading. In summary, this work provided more details on the mechanics of the mouse craniofacial system and its variable overall stiffness across the different anatomical regions of the skull.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reduced 3D-0D fluid-structure interaction model of the aortic valve that includes leaflet curvature.","authors":"Ivan Fumagalli, Luca Dede', Alfio Quarteroni","doi":"10.1007/s10237-025-01960-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10237-025-01960-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce an innovative lumped-parameter model of the aortic valve, designed to efficiently simulate the impact of valve dynamics on blood flow. Our reduced model includes the elastic effects associated with the leaflets' curvature and the stress exchanged with the blood flow. The introduction of a lumped-parameter model based on momentum balance entails an easier calibration of the model parameters: Phenomenological-based models, on the other hand, typically have numerous parameters. This model is coupled to 3D Navier-Stokes equations describing the blood flow, where the moving valve leaflets are immersed in the fluid domain by a resistive method. A stabilized finite element method with a BDF time scheme is adopted for the discretization of the coupled problem, and the computational results show the suitability of the system in representing the leaflet motion, the blood flow in the ascending aorta, and the pressure jump across the leaflets. Both physiological and stenotic configurations are investigated, and we analyze the effects of different treatments for the leaflet velocity on the blood flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":489,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology","volume":" ","pages":"1169-1189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}