Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of n-eicosane with SiO2 through interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation for thermoregulated leather fabrication","authors":"Venkatesan Natesan,&nbsp;Nithyashree MK,&nbsp;Nishad Fathima","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the last few years, there has been increased interest in technical processing for better thermoregulation of leather. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are good for thermal energy storage (TES) due to their low cost and excellent thermal stability. These materials are used for various applications such as energy storage, textiles, thermal conditioning of buildings, and solar power storage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Herein, simple and cost-effective microencapsulation of phase change materials (MEPCMs) is reported for TES through interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate. Microencapsulation enhances the thermal and mechanical properties and prevents leakage of PCM. The synthesized MEPCMs have been characterized by XRD, ATR-FTIR, TGA, DSC, DLS, leakage test, and FE-SEM analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The MEPCM-6 shows the phase change enthalpy as 70.3 J g^-1 and 60.7 J g^-1, for the melting and freezing process, respectively. The optimized MEPCM has been applied to leather for developing thermoregulation properties on leather. MEPCMs-coated leathers show up to 2.6 °C lower and 2.2 °C higher temperature difference than control leather in hot and in cold conditions, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative composite Mn/Ti photocatalysts developed for the removal of elemental mercury and nitric oxide","authors":"Ting-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Ji-Ren Zheng,&nbsp;Chung-Shin Yuan,&nbsp;Ching-Ching Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The simultaneous removal of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) and nitric oxide (NO) from flue gas emissions is crucial for reducing air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants. MnO₂ and TiO₂ photocatalysts have attracted attention due to their ability to facilitate in oxidation at low temperatures. However, the effects of catalyst composition, flue gas components, and operating conditions on photocatalytic performance remains insufficiently understood, limiting their optimization for industrial applications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MnO₂/TiO₂ photocatalysts with varying Mn/Ti ratios were synthesized, and their surface characteristics were used to assess structural and optical properties. Catalytic oxidation tests for Hg⁰ and NO were performed under near-UV light at 100–200°C, considering the effects of SO₂ and NO concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Catalysts with optimal Ti/Mn ratios demonstrated high removal efficiencies, with Hg⁰ and NO removal reaching up to 98.7%. Outperforming TiO₂, MnO₂ inhibited electron-hole recombination, enhanced light absorption, and exhibited high sulfur resistance capability. It demonstrated that MnO₂ outperformed various Mn/Ti dual composites for removing Hg⁰ and NO. For impurity gases, SO₂ inhibited Hg⁰ oxidation, while NO showed a beneficial effect. The highest NO removal was observed at an [NH₃]/[NO] molar ratio of 1.25. These findings highlight the potential of Ti/Mn dual composite catalysts’ potential for simultaneous Hg⁰ and NO removal in industrial flue gas treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106055"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermolecular dynamics and quantum insight of lithium perchlorate in the deep eutectic solvent (DES) solutions with nitriles for energy storage applications","authors":"Akshay Sharma,&nbsp;Renuka Sharma,&nbsp;Ramesh Chand Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in combination with lithium salts are evolving as promising alternative electrolytes for energy storage applications. However, to efficiently develop, produce, and improve DES-based electrolytes, a thorough understanding of the various interactions involved, is essential for elucidating the intermolecular dynamics among all components in the systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a combination of experimental thermodynamic techniques, including density and speed of sound measurements, to investigate the physicochemical properties of ethaline DESs with nitriles (acetonitrile and succinonitrile) and lithium salt (LiClO₄). Electrochemical stability, conductivity, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to explore electrochemical properties and molecular interactions. Computational studies, including optimized structure calculations, interaction energy analysis, and reduced density gradient (RDG) studies, were performed to assess the stability and bonding interactions in these systems.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Our results reveal strong solute-solvent interactions, particularly with increasing LiClO₄ and nitrile concentrations. Temperature derivatives showed that LiClO₄ influences solution structure, acting as a disruptor. FTIR analysis confirmed key hydrogen bonding interactions. Electrochemical studies demonstrated enhanced conductivity, while computational studies supported the observed stability and interaction energies. RDG and density of states (DOS) analysis further confirmed the hydrogen bonding and the stability of the complexes formed in these systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging spatial charge descriptor in deep learning models: Toward highly accurate prediction of vapor-liquid equilibrium","authors":"Hsiu-Min Hung,&nbsp;Ying-Chieh Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data is essential for separation processes, but traditional models such as UNIFAC require extensive experimental parameters. To improve the efficiency of VLE modeling and reduce the dependence on experiments, we developed machine learning models using COSMO-based σ-profiles and MACCS keys.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two deep learning models, MLP-COSMO and MLP-MACCS, are developed. MLP-COSMO, based on σ-profiles, allows high-precision phase equilibrium predictions using only molecular structures, eliminating the need for experimental interaction parameters. The pressure range spans 0.947 to 817 kPa and the temperature range spans 199.93 to 548.15 K.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>By utilizing σ-profiles, our developed model MLP-COSMO, which surpasses COSMO-SAC (2010) in accuracy and achieves a level comparable to UNIFAC, with specific results of R²-y = 0.9926, R²-P = 0.9889, <em>AAD</em> − <em>y</em>(%) = 1.04% and <em>AARD</em> − <em>P</em>(%) = 2.88%, evaluated on a test dataset excluded from training process. This study successfully demonstrated that high-precision VLE predictions can be achieved using only a molecular structure, effectively addressing the challenge of missing experimental parameters. Furthermore, the results indicate that the spatial charge descriptor (σ-profile), encapsulating molecular polarity information, is considered to be more suitable as input data for machine learning models in VLE prediction than structural fingerprints of MACCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative photocatalytic dye degradation performance of ternary Co3O4/MoS2/TiO2 nanocomposite under visible light illumination","authors":"N. Elavarasan ,&nbsp;Gopal Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Govindasami Periyasami ,&nbsp;Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring ,&nbsp;Jintae Lee ,&nbsp;Govindasamy Palanisamy","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This research aimed to synthesize a novel ternary nanohybrid material, Co₃O₄/MoS₂/TiO₂ (CMT), to enhance photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under light irradiation. Conventional photocatalysts often suffer from limited efficiency, so integrating Co₃O₄, MoS₂ and TiO₂ aimed to overcome these challenges by improving charge transfer and separation of electron-hole (e⁻/h⁺) pairs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CMT nanocomposites were synthesized using calcination and hydrothermal methods. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were employed to characterize the CMT nanocomposites, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by testing MB degradation efficiency. Kinetic studies were also performed to assess the reaction rate, while the material's stability was tested over five degradation cycles.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The CMT nanocomposites demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic performance, achieving 94.77 % MB degradation, outperforming other materials. The kinetic rate constant was 0.0181 min⁻¹, 4.02 times higher than alternative samples. Enhanced charge transfer between Co₃O₄ and the other components contributed to efficient e⁻/h⁺ pair separation. The photocatalyst remained stable over repeated use, and superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) were identified as the dominant reactive species during MB degradation, highlighting the material's efficiency and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excellent successive photo-induced degradation of tetracycline using CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites: Synergistic effects of CuO integration and H2O2 in a photo-Fenton system","authors":"Mohd Imran ,&nbsp;Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ehtisham Khan ,&nbsp;Young-Mog Kim ,&nbsp;Fazlurrahman Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sustainable and cost-effective approaches have not been fully explored. The photocatalysis process effectively removes toxic effluents and wastes, its efficiency is often hindered by suboptimal reaction parameter optimization, leading to excessive material degradation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research investigates the successful synthesis of g-C₃N₄ (Graphitic carbon nitride), CuO (Copper oxide), and CuO/g-C₃N₄ (Copper oxide/graphitic carbon nitride) nanocomposites by thermal decomposition, co-precipitation method, and ball milling process, respectively. The four distinct CuO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites were synthesized, varying CuO amounts (300 mg, 600 mg, 900 mg, and 1200 mg) with a fixed amount of g-C₃N₄ (1 g). The CuO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite is utilized for a fast breakdown of tetracycline in wastewater samples in a photo Fenton process by adding H₂O₂ under visible light irradiation.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that CuO nanoflakes have successfully been deposited on g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. Further characterization validated enhancing surface area, visible light activity, favourable charge transfer, efficient charge separation, and reduced charge recombination. The photo-induced degradation of tetracycline was optimized with parameters like CuO anchoring, H₂O₂ addition, and pH, which were methodically examined using kinetic, scavenger tests, and reusability studies. The synergy of CuO and H₂O₂ demonstrated exceptional tetracycline elimination following S-scheme mechanism, achieving 99 % degradation in 15 min. Kinetic studies revealed that the degradation of TC adheres to pseudo-first-order kinetics, hence emphasizing the catalytic efficacy. The rate constant for optimized CuO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was obtained 0.12542 min⁻¹, which is approximately 7 times greater than pure g-C₃N₄ in photo Fenton system. Moreover, the degradation efficiency remained at 91.5 % even after the 4th cycle, which suggests higher reusability and stability. The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis explained the degradation pathway which identified various intermediates that leads to complete minerlization. The findings confirm that CuO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites can be effective for high-efficiency antibiotic degradation, offering a scalable and sustainable choice for water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphitic carbon nitride-embedded MXene tungsten carbide nanoflakes for sensitive detection of cytotoxic tinidazole in biological samples","authors":"Ramadhass Keerthika Devi ,&nbsp;Muthusankar Ganesan ,&nbsp;Shen-Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Hsiung-Lin Tu ,&nbsp;Chih-Min Wang ,&nbsp;Yeh-Fang Duann ,&nbsp;Gopalakrishnan Gopu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nitroimidazole derivatives, extensively utilized as antibiotics in the pharmaceutical, healthcare, and animal industries, pose a significant environmental threat as potential pollutants. Industrial discharge can introduce these compounds into water sources, where even trace levels of residues, such as tinidazole (TNZ), can adversely affect human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, the electrochemical detection of TNZ remains challenging due to limited sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To address this challenge, a novel nanocomposite comprising MXene tungsten carbide (WC) decorated with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (WC/gCN NSs) was developed for highly sensitive TNZ detection. The WC/gCN NSs were synthesized through a straightforward approach, yielding stable nanosheets. The WC/gCN NSs-modified electrode demonstrated superior TNZ detection performance compared to conventional methods. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the conductive gCN NSs and the catalytic MXene WC, which generated abundant active sites and facilitated efficient electron transfer.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The sensor exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a detection limit of 3.6 nM, high sensitivity (4.2 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻²), and a recovery rate of 99.9 % (<em>n</em> = 3). It also demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD 2.4 %), reproducibility, and stability over 30 days. This study provides a promising strategy for designing electrocatalysts with tuneable architectures, contributing to sustainable materials for environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106072"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspen Adsorption simulation breakthrough curve to determine adsorption time in CH4/N2 adsorption separation by activated carbon","authors":"Youhan Chen,&nbsp;Yunfeng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a crucial technology for CH₄/N₂ gas separation. While Aspen Adsorption numerical simulation offers an efficient approach to studying this process, precise guidelines for parameter setting are lacking. This study aims to address this gap using activated carbon as an adsorbent.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Aspen Adsorption simulations were used to develop breakthrough curves and virtual tower models for CH₄/N₂ separation. The study analyzed the impact of adsorption time on product purity and recovery. Additionally, concentration curves were examined to determine their influence on adsorption time setting.</div></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><div>The optimal adsorption time for CH₄/N₂ adsorption on activated carbon was determined to be 850 s, which corresponds to the initial change in slope of the concentration curve. At this point, the system achieves optimal performance, with a CH₄ purity of 82.3 % and a recovery rate of 95.4 %. Furthermore, near the initial slope change (850 s), the concentration curve stabilizes, and the bed utilization rate reaches a higher level. To prevent output gas contamination, the step conversion process should be initiated before the breakthrough point (1450 s). This study provides valuable guidelines for optimizing pressure swing adsorption operations in CH₄/N₂ separation using activated carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106065"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamics of gas/shear-thinning fluid flowing in a co-flow microchannel","authors":"Wenyuan Fan ,&nbsp;Shuaichao Li ,&nbsp;Lixiang Li ,&nbsp;Rujie Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyang Liu ,&nbsp;Taotao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gas-liquid flow hydrodynamics are one of crucial roles in enhancing the interphase transport and reaction properties in microchannel reactors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The hydrodynamics of gas-liquid flow in a co-flow microchannel with shear-thinning fluid were numerically investigated using a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method by considering the rheological characteristics of the fluid. The reliability of the numerical approach is validated through comparing the calculated liquid film thickness with film thickness in previous work quantitatively. The influences of liquid phase type, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution and surfactant (SDS) concentrations on flow pattern and film thickness are elucidated respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Five flow patterns, i.e., bubbly flow, Taylor flow, Taylor annular flow, annular flow, and churn flow, were intuitively identified in a broad range of liquid phases including water, CMC solution, and polyacrylamide (PAM) solution, and a fundamental flow pattern map has been constructed using the Weber numbers for two phases. The results indicate that the proportions occupied by bubbly flow and churn flow expand significantly whereas the areas associated with other patterns shrink in both non-Newtonian fluids compared to water. The similar transitions in flow pattern are enhanced overall by increasing CMC and SDS concentrations. The film thickness always increases linearly with capillary number in all fluids. The maximum film thickness exists in the most contaminated CMC solutions by SDS, whereas the minimum one in water. Finally, a novel scaling law of film thickness in a co-flow microchannel with shear-thinning liquids is developed and has satisfactory accuracy by comparing with the literature predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of novel N-phosphorylated iminophosphoranes and their application in flame-retardant epoxy resin","authors":"Chenpeng Ji ,&nbsp;Liping Jin ,&nbsp;Shuhan Ye ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Yubo Chen ,&nbsp;Lingxing He ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Qian ,&nbsp;Wenwen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Epoxy resin, one of the most commonly used thermosetting materials, suffers from the more obvious defect of being flammable.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this work, three new types of N-phosphorylated iminophosphorane based on phosphorous compounds containing different phosphorus oxidation states (DPP-N-TMP, DOPO-N-TMP and DPPO-N-TMP) was successfully synthesized via the one-pot “Atherton-Todd and Staudinger reactions” approachs, and then introduced separately into EP matrix.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>TGA results indicated that the incorporation of these three N-phosphorylated iminophosphoranes can prominently enhance the thermal stability at high temperature. Especially the char yield of EP/2.5 %DPP-N-TMP, EP/5 %DPP-N-TMP and EP/10 %DPP-N-TMP was gradually enhanced from 7.6 % of pure EP to 17.6 %, 22.7 % and 25.2 %, respectively. Notably, EP/10 %DPP-N-TMP possessed a relatively high LOI value of 29.0 % and passed V0 rating in UL-94 test, while EP/10 %DOPO-N-TMP (LOI∼27.5 %) and EP/10 %DPPO-N-TMP (LOI∼24.0 %) only displayed V1 and NR rating respectively. As for cone test results, EP/10 %DPP-N-TMP exhibited the most significant reduction of 63.8 % in PHRR and its THR was also remarkably reduced by 54.5 % compared to the neat EP. The analysis implied that EP/10 %DPP-N-TMP possessed the best flame retardant performance due to its higher phosphorus oxidation state, conducive to forming char layers, which improved fire retardancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}