Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Engineering a multifunctional dental adhesive via direct incorporation of a catechol-based monomer.","authors":"Yuhong Sun, Manling Chen, Haoyu Jiang, Rosalind Sin Man Chan, Danni Chen, Wei Chen, James Kit Hon Tsoi, Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu, Kang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate how direct incorporation of N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide (DMA), a mussel-inspired catechol monomer, affects the physicochemical, antibacterial, polymerization, and dentin-bonding properties of an experimental adhesive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DMA was incorporated into a Bis-GMA/HEMA-based resin at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 wt%. Mechanical properties before and after 28-day water aging, water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl), DMA release, color stability, contact angle, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm formation, degree of conversion (DC), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage, failure modes, and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Bonding performance was assessed before and after 10,000 thermocycles, with Single Bond 2 (SB2) as a commercial reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DMA increased immediate flexural strength, elastic modulus, and nanohardness, but these advantages were not maintained after 28-day water aging, during which flexural strength and modulus of elasticity declined significantly in all groups. Wsp, Wsl, and contact angle were unaffected, whereas color change increased with DMA concentration. Only 7.9-10.8% of incorporated DMA was released over 28 days. DMA reduced S. mutans biofilm accumulation and increased bacterial death. The 1.5 wt% group showed a reduced DC after 20 s irradiation and exhibited > 50% premature specimen failure, and was therefore excluded from subsequent bonding tests. Immediate μTBS was unchanged by 0.5-1.0 wt% DMA. After thermocycling, μTBS and nanoleakage deteriorated significantly in the SB2 and Control but remained statistically stable in DMA-containing groups. Cell viability remained above approximately 70%.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Direct DMA incorporation conferred antibacterial activity and contributed to preservation of resin-dentin interfacial stability during aging, but higher loading compromised polymerization and color stability. A 0.5-1.0 wt% DMA range provided the most favorable overall balance for this experimental adhesive.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmittance prediction and inverse design of resin composite based on an optical model and deep learning.","authors":"Zhenyu Wang, Yonghao He, Feiyu Hu, Du Chen, Junfei Shen, Fei Liu, Jiefei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop an integrated framework combining an optical model with deep learning to accurately predict the spectral transmittance of resin composite and inversely solve for the geometric parameters required to achieve a target color.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental silica nanofiller resin composite was synthesized. An optical model integrating Mie scattering and the Beer-Lambert law was developed and validated against measured transmittance. Key parameters, including the spectral refractive indices of all components and the intrinsic filler geometry, were precisely characterized. Subsequently, a Bidirectional Neural Network (BNN) was constructed and trained on a large-scale dataset (11,781 samples) generated by the physical model to establish bidirectional mappings between geometric parameters (filler radius r, volume fraction f_v, thickness h) and CIE L^*a^*b^* color coordinates. The inverse design performance was evaluated using the color difference (∆E_ab^*) between the target and BNN-predicted colors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optical model demonstrated a strong predictive capability for transmittance, with R² > 0.7 and Pearson's r > 0.95 for all specimens. The BNN achieved remarkable inverse design performance, with a maximum ∆E_ab^* of less than 0.3 across all 1200 independent test samples, significantly below the human perceptibility threshold (∆E_ab^* < 1.0).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This integrated framework offers a data-driven approach that may assist in the future design of dental restorative materials by bridging physical optics with deep learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An optical model combining Mie scattering and the Beer-Lambert law was developed and validated, and a BNN was constructed to enable high‑precision color prediction and inverse parameter design from target color.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing mechanical integrity and healing efficiency: The role of microcapsule loading in self-healing dental resin composites - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nozimjon Tuygunov, Lakshman Samaranayake, Arief Cahyanto, Vinicius Rosa, Feruz Tojiyev, Karimov Shohrukh, Alieva Nazokat Muratdjonovna, Otamurod Rustamov","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate how microcapsule-based self-healing systems influence the balance between healing efficiency and mechanical performance in dental resin composites.</p><p><strong>Data and sources: </strong>This review followed PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2026. Preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) investigating dental resin composites containing microcapsules (PUF, silica) loaded with healing agents (TEGDMA-DHEPT, DCPD) were included. Key outcomes included fracture toughness recovery, flexural strength, and the relationship between healing efficiency and baseline mechanical performance. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Most used poly(urea-formaldehyde) or silica microcapsules embedded in Bis-GMA/TEGDMA matrices. Self-healing composites demonstrated substantial recovery of mechanical properties, with the highest reported healing efficiency reaching 76% in a specific PUF-based formulation, while other systems showed comparatively lower recovery levels. Several formulations also demonstrated enhanced fatigue resistance and additional antibacterial or remineralizing effects. Cytocompatibility was generally acceptable in fibroblast assays; however, heterogeneity in materials and methods limited direct comparisons and precluded meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Optimal performance was consistently achieved at microcapsule loadings of approximately 5-15 wt%, where substantial mechanical recovery (≈60-75%) was obtained without compromising baseline properties. While current preclinical evidence supports their efficacy, further standardization, in vivo validation, and translational research are needed to support clinical adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of calcium fluoride loading on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of different pit and fissure sealants.","authors":"Yukyung Choi, Seung Yeon Lee, Wonjoon Moon, Hong-Keun Hyun, Adriana P Manso, Ji-Soo Song, Shin Hye Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating calcium fluoride (CaF₂) particles into different pit and fissure sealants on their physicochemical properties, fluoride release, and antibacterial activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three commercially available sealants were tested: Clinpro Sealant (CLP), UltraSeal XT Plus (USP), and UltraSeal XT Hydro (USH). Each material was modified with CaF₂ at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%. Calcium fluoride powders were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Degree of conversion, water sorption, solubility, and wettability were measured. Fluoride release was monitored for 90 days. The antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans were evaluated using colony counts and biofilm formation assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CaF₂ particles showed high crystallinity with an average particle size of about 99 nm. Incorporation of CaF₂ did not influence the degree of conversion in CLP and USP, whereas USH showed a concentration-dependent reduction with a marked decrease at 15 wt%. Water sorption remained stable in CLP across all concentrations, but significantly increased upon adding 15 wt% CaF2 to USP and 5 wt% CaF2 to USH. Fluoride release increased steadily and was dependent on CaF₂ concentration, with CLP showing the highest release values. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects were dose-dependent, with significant inhibition observed from 10 wt% upward, regardless of sealant type.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The incorporation of CaF₂ into pit and fissure sealants has been demonstrated to enhance fluoride release and antibacterial activity without compromising most physicochemical properties. However, higher concentrations of CaF₂ resulted in a reduced degree of conversion for USH, a more hydrophilic sealant. Overall, loading up to 5 wt% CaF₂ into commercial dental sealants resulted in an optimal balance between antibacterial effects and material physicochemical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into oxalate-based desensitizers: Calcium oxalate deposition and reduced calcium release under acid challenge.","authors":"Hidetoshi Oguma, Kumiko Yoshihara, Ko Nakanishi, Takumi Okihara, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Sungho Lee, Tsukasa Akasaka, Mariko Nakamura, Yasuhiro Matsuda, Ryuichi Fukuda, Satoshi Inoue, Bart Van Meerbeek, Yasuhiro Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oxalate salts are used clinically as a desensitizing agent; however, the physicochemical mechanisms underlying its interaction with hard dental tissues are unclear. This study aimed at elucidating how oxalic acid treatment affects the demineralization behavior of hydroxyapatite (HAp), focusing on ion redistribution, phase formation, and the reversibility of its protective effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HAp powder was treated with oxalic acid solutions at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 M. Calcium and phosphorus released from dentin surfaces during oxalic acid treatment and subsequent lactic acid challenge were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The solid phases formed following oxalic acid treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The demineralization behaviors of test samples exposed to lactic acid immediately after oxalic acid treatment and those that were washed and dried prior to demineralization were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oxalic acid treatment of dentin surfaces induced a concentration-dependent redistribution of calcium and phosphorus, with calcium release from the surfaces reducing as the oxalic acid concentration increased. XRD and FTIR analyses revealed the formation of a calcium oxalate phase concomitant with the attenuation of the HAp signals. Demineralization of the HAp surface was markedly suppressed when the calcium oxalate layer remained on the surface. Washing and drying eliminated the protective effect of the calcium oxalate layer, indicating that oxalic acid does not permanently alter the intrinsic acid resistance of HAp.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The study findings demonstrated that oxalic acid acts via a reversible surface modification mechanism based on the formation of a stable, low-solubility calcium oxalate layer. This mechanism rationally explains the clinical efficacy of oxalic acid-based desensitizing agents, which are likely to function through the transient suppression of demineralization and occlusion of dentinal tubules rather than long-term mineral reinforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorylation-driven rapid intrafibrillar mineralization: A biomimetic strategy for dentin remineralization.","authors":"Zhenhang Tang, Kaida Sun, Senyao Chen, Chang Liu, Tong Shi, Wenjing Jin, Haiyan Wu, Qingyun Lin, Wei Yin, Ruikang Tang, Zhuo Chen, Changyu Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether collagen phosphorylation using polyphosphate (P45) could accelerate intrafibrillar mineralization (IM) of collagen fibrils and achieve efficient remineralization of demineralized dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The collagen fibrils were first pretreated with P45 at 37°C for 2 h, followed by mineralization in a solution containing 1.67 mM CaCl₂, 9.5 mM KH₂PO₄, 150 mM NaCl, 240 μg/mL pAsp at 37°C for 2 h. The collagen fibrils were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Zeta potential before and after P45 modification. The mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) were observed by using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the demineralized dentin (etched with 37% H₃PO₄ for 20 s) was pretreated with P45 and remineralized in the above mineralized medium for 3 days. The remineralized dentin were characterized by SEM to evaluate the microstructure, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the mineral phase, and nanoindentation to assess the mechanical properties. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After P45 modification, zeta potential of the collagen fibrils decreased from -17.20 ± 1.94 mV to -31.91 ± 4.05 mV, and calcium ion adsorption increased from 0.18 ± 0.03 μg/g to 0.67 ± 0.05 μg/g. The FTIR results showed that the P45 could bind with collagen fibrils via H-bond. The P45 modification accelerated IM of the collagen fibrils, remarkably reducing the time required to achieve complete mineralization from 6 h to 2 h. Similarly, P45 modification significantly promoted dentin remineralization, resulting in the restoration of both the microstructure and mechanical properties. The hardness (0.73 ± 0.03 GPa) and elastic modulus (24.63 ± 4.43 GPa) of the remineralized dentin were comparable to native dentin (0.73 ± 0.04 GPa and 26.03 ± 2.86 GPa, respectively; p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study develops a phosphorylation-driven interfacial modulation strategy that enables rapid and efficient IM of collagen fibrils, offering a promising biomimetic approach for functional dentin remineralization and hard tissue repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of universal adhesives to saliva and gingival crevicular fluid contamination of dentin.","authors":"Suqing Tu, Haotian Dong, Jiawen Liu, Ruizhen Liang, Chen Chen, Haifeng Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the dentin-bonding durability of universal adhesives under saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contamination conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty patients underwent paper-strip assessment of residual GCF wetting at subgingival margins under four GCF-management conditions. In vitro, dentin from 318 extracted sound human third molars was tested with three universal adhesives (SB/SP/AB) under no contamination, mild saliva, mild GCF, or severe GCF contamination. Artificial saliva or human serum (GCF surrogate; 20 μL) was applied; mild groups were blot-dried, whereas severe GCF contamination was left unblotted. Contact angles and degree of conversion (DC; adhesive-contaminant mixtures) were assessed immediately; microtensile bond strength (μTBS), failure mode, nanoleakage, and in situ zymography were assessed after 24 h water storage or aging (6 months water storage plus 15,000 thermocycles). ANOVA or linear mixed-effects models were used (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Periodontal status and GCF-management condition affected paper-strip wetted area (both P < 0.001; interaction P < 0.05). Contamination impaired adhesive spreading and reduced DC (P < 0.05). Contamination condition, aging, and adhesive type affected μTBS (all P < 0.05). Aging increased nanoleakage and interfacial gelatinolytic activity (both P < 0.001), particularly under severe GCF contamination. SP showed comparatively greater stability than SB under contamination, whereas differences between SP and AB were condition-dependent.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Universal-adhesive tolerance was contaminant- and load-dependent. Mild residual contamination had limited effects for some formulations, whereas severe GCF contamination compromised polymerization, interfacial sealing, and long-term bond durability. Residual wetting may persist despite routine moisture control and GCF management; moisture-tolerant adhesives should complement, not replace, strict moisture control and periodontal inflammation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of sintering programs on microstructure, crystal phase composition, and optical and mechanical properties of multilayer zirconia.","authors":"Camilla Johansson, Siamak Eqtesadi, Asbjørn Slagtern Fjellvåg, Christel Larsson, Evaggelia Papia","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the influence of different sintering programs on the density, crystal phase composition, and biaxial flexural strength of composition- and shade-gradient multilayer zirconia (YML/STML). In addition, the microstructure, transmittance, and indentation fracture (IF) resistance were descriptively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Specimens of KATANA™ Zirconia YML, containing Body 1 and 2 layers, and STML were divided into three groups depending on sintering program, each with specific sintering parameters: high-speed for 20 min (YH20/SH20), speed for 90 min (YS90/SS90), and conventional sintering for 7 h (YC/SC). Density and flexural strength were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with the factors: material and sintering program (α = .05). Microstructure, phase composition, transmittance, and IF resistance were descriptively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YML exhibited significantly higher density and flexural strength than STML. The sintering programs showed no statistically significant effect on density or flexural strength. The descriptive analyses showed higher t phase fraction and IF resistance, and lower yttria, t'', and c content, grain size, and transmittance of YML compared to STML. Grain size was similar across YML sintering groups but differed among STML groups (S90 < SC < SH20). For YML, an increase in the t phase fraction was observed for prolonged sintering programs (YH20 < YS90 < YC), with reservation for the limited sample size. Transmittance was lower for YS90 compared to YH20 and YC.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The density and flexural strength of composition-gradient and shade-gradient multilayer zirconia are material dependent and are not significantly influenced by the sintering program. For composition-gradient zirconia, speed and particularly high-speed sintering programs may reduce the t phase fraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement of glass ionomer cement using ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires.","authors":"Ya Zhang, Kai Chun Li, Manikandan Ekambaram, Paul R Cooper, Quan-Li Li, May Lei Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire (UHANW)- reinforced glass ionomer cements (GICs) to improve their mechanical performance for clinical application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>UHANWs were synthesized via a solvothermal method and incorporated into conventional GICs at 4 wt%, 6 wt%, and 8 wt%. Structure and dispersion were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Thermal stability was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry. The setting time was monitored using FTIR spectroscopy. Flexural compressive, and diametral tensile strengths of the developed GICs were analyzed. Abrasion analysis of the GICs incorporated UHANWs was evaluated with weight loss (%) and surface roughness (Sa, Sq, Sz).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UHANWs exhibited a high aspect ratio (around 10,000) and were uniformly dispersed within the GIC matrix. UHANWs incorporation improved thermal stability and significantly accelerated the acid-base setting reaction of the GICs. Flexural and diametral tensile strengths increased with UHANWs incorporation, with the highest value observed at 6 wt%. In contrast, compressive strength decreased at higher UHANW contents. Abrasion testing showed that 4 -6 wt% UHANW-modified GICs exhibited no significant differences in weight loss and surface roughness compared with control GICs.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>UHANWs provide a biomimetic reinforcement strategy for GICs by leveraging the composition and high-aspect-ratio architecture of hydroxyapatite, a major inorganic component of natural tooth tissues. An optimal UHANW content (6 wt%) achieves a favorable balance between mechanical reinforcement, setting kinetics, and abrasion resistance, supporting its potential application in stress-bearing restorative dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of postpolymerization unit characteristics on the color stability and relative translucency parameter of 3D printed interim resins.","authors":"Wanki Lee, Soyeon Kim, Alaa Daud, Jian Wang, Young-Seok Park","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of postpolymerization unit characteristics on the color stability and relative translucency parameter of three-dimensional (3D) printed interim crown and bridge resins under simulated aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four commercial resins were postpolymerized using five units. Spectral reflectance was measured before postpolymerization (T0), immediately afterward (T1), and after 6-month dry storage at 37 °C or 5000 thermocycles (T2). CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) coordinates were calculated under CIE standard illuminant D65 using the CIE 1931 2° Standard Colorimetric Observer. The whiteness index for dentistry (WI_D) and CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE₀₀) were derived from black-background coordinates, whereas the CIEDE2000 relative translucency parameter (RTP₀₀) was calculated from paired black- and white-background coordinates. Mean ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* were evaluated using axis-specific visual thresholds, and T1-to-T2 ΔE₀₀, |ΔWI_D|, and |ΔRTP₀₀| using perceptibility and acceptability thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postpolymerization generally reduced L* and WI_D, whereas RTP₀₀ responses varied among resin-unit combinations. During dry storage, L* and WI_D generally increased, whereas thermocycling generally decreased RTP₀₀. Several outcomes differed significantly among postpolymerization units within each resin (p < 0.005). For Tera Harz TC-80DP, Tera Harz Cure and ODS Cure Box maintained ΔE₀₀, |ΔWI_D|, and |ΔRTP₀₀| within acceptability thresholds under both aging conditions; with Tera Harz Cure, all three remained below perceptibility thresholds.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Color and RTP₀₀ stability depended on the specific resin-unit combination rather than manufacturer-designated pairing alone. Selected non-designated combinations showed acceptable in vitro outcomes. These findings support resin-specific selection based on verified performance of the complete postpolymerization protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}