Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Novel nanostructured RegeSi bioactive glass for early enamel caries remineralization: Multi-dimensional evaluation from microstructure to mechanical properties.","authors":"Maohua Yang, Jingxin Zhang, Shuangshan Deng, Yingyue Su, Sixing Liu, Liren Liu, Shanshan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To comprehensively evaluate the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of novel nanostructured RegeSi bioactive glass in promoting early enamel caries remineralization through a multi-dimensional characterization system, and to analyze its molecular mechanism.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty bovine incisor enamel samples were randomly divided into six groups: sound enamel, deionized water, 2 % NaF, 10 % CPP-ACP, 6 % BAG 45S5, and 6 % RegeSi groups. Early enamel caries was established using a pH-cycling model followed by 14 days of remineralization treatment. The structure and properties of the remineralized layer were characterized through multiple dimensions using microscopic morphological analysis, elemental composition analysis, crystalline structure analysis, three-dimensional imaging, and nanomechanical testing systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RegeSi group formed a highly regular remineralized layer with a Ca/P molar ratio (1.76 ± 0.11) closest to natural HA. Its nanohardness recovery rate (55.97 ± 8.57 %) and elastic modulus recovery rate (60.97 ± 7.46 %) were significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Nanotribological analysis revealed that the RegeSi group exhibited minimal scratch deformation, shallowest depth, and lowest friction coefficient with minimal fluctuation, indicating excellent wear resistance. Micro-CT confirmed that RegeSi demonstrated significant deep-layer remineralization capability, with lesion depth reduced to 58.63 ± 5.35μm, significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study, for the first time, analyzed RegeSi's superior remineralization effect through a multidimensional evaluation system, demonstrating not only an ideal microstructure but also mechanical properties approaching those of natural tooth enamel. These findings provide important experimental evidence for developing novel remineralization materials and offer a new treatment option for minimally invasive treatment of early enamel caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assisted mineralization ability of proanthocyanidins in collagen scaffold and dentin.","authors":"Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti, Odair Bim-Júnior, Ariene Leme-Kraus, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona, Ana K Bedran-Russo","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the potential mechanisms of an enriched Vitis vinifera (Vve) in mediating mineralization using both constituted type-1 collagen scaffolds and dentin matrix substrate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An enriched formulation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins - Vve was compared to untreated substrates (C) and glutaraldehyde-treated substrate (GA). Biomineralization protocols included a simulated body fluid - SBF and a Ca-P supersaturated solutions for collagen scaffold and dentin matrix studies, respectively. Analytical methods included mineral content (FTIR), thermal behavior (DSC), crystal formation and Ca/P atomic ratio of crystal-like structure (SEM-EDS and TEM), and Ca²⁺ concentration (Ca-ISE). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Untreated and Vve groups showed a higher amount of mineral normalized to the amount of collagen than the GA group (p < 0.007 and p < 0.019 respectively). Untreated and Vve-treated collagen scaffolds exhibited similar cumulative Ca²⁺ uptake (18.2 and 17.7 µg) and GA-treated scaffold had lower (15.8 µg). After 4 days in SBF solution, the highest endothermic peak was found at 81.4°C for Vve, followed by 78.7°C for GA and 57.6°C for untreated collagen. SEM-EDS analysis showed a well-organized layer of apatite crystals deposited around the collagen fibrils. Vve treatment promoted broad crystal nucleation over fibrils in a collagen scaffold. Unlike the GA-treated group, where fewer and sparsely distributed crystals were found, Vve group exhibited a thick and organized mineral layer over the dentin matrix.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Biomineralization occurs via a self-assembly process by which apatite crystals are deposited in an orderly fashion over the organic matrices of innate dentin. Vve may assist mineralization by preservation of the nucleation sites over the matrices modulating the rate of formation of apatite crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optical model for evaluating the influence of microstructures on zirconia translucency.","authors":"Linfeng He, Qijing Li, Du Chen, Yiyi Wang, Junfei Shen, Weicai Liu, Yunpeng Li, Fei Liu, Jiefei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pores and tetragonal phase crystallites are the two main scatterers in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics. Previous optical models have often overestimated the proportion of the tetragonal phase and lacked accurate characterization of pore distribution. The aim of this study was therefore to construct a transmission-scattering model for zirconia, to separately calculate and analyze the contributions of pores and tetragonal phase crystallites to translucency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A transmission-scattering model incorporating both pores and tetragonal phase crystallites were established. The crystalline and pore structures of YSZ ceramics with varying translucency levels (LT, MT, HT) were characterized and incorporated into both existing models and the proposed model. The predicted transmittance was compared with the measured transmittance to evaluate model accuracy. Finally, the extinction coefficient of pores (μ_pore) and birefringence (μ_bire) were derived to compare respective contributions to translucency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model, after considering the influence of pores, demonstrated the best prediction for transmittance, with maximum predicted deviations of 0.24 % (LT), 0.47 % (MT), and 3.50 % (HT). The contribution of μ_pore to the overall extinction coefficient (μ_ext) accounted for 83.0-84.6 % (LT), 54.0-70.5 % (MT), and 62.9-64.9 % (HT).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Precise characterization of pores significantly enhanced the accuracy of the transmission-scattering model prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pores had a dominant impact on translucency than tetragonal phase crystallites, with an average contribution of over 60 % to μ_ext, and a maximum contribution of 83 %. Reducing porosity seemed to be a potential strategy to significantly improve the translucency of YSZ ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of bioactive calcium niobate particles derived from non-hydrolytic sol-gel for application in dental adhesives.","authors":"Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira, Lídia Resende Oliveira, Lucas Alonso Rocha, Eduardo José Nassar, Barbara Emanoele Costa Oliveira, Felipe Silva Gomes, Rayssa Ferreira Cavaleiro de Macedo, Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Jose Roberto de Oliveira Bauer","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to synthesize and characterize calcium niobate (CaNb₂O₆) particles via a non-hydrolytic sol-gel method and evaluate their incorporation into an experimental adhesive system. CaNb₂O₆ was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser diffraction (LD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle dissolution was assessed through pH and Ca²⁺ release analyses at varying pH levels (4 and 7) over 28 days. The formation of hydroxyapatite precipitates on the particle surface was monitored using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Cell viability was also evaluated. CaNb₂O₆ was incorporated into a self-etching adhesive at concentrations of 5 and 10 wt% and tested for cohesive strength (CS), surface microhardness (SMH), microtensile bond strength (µTBS), hydroxyapatite formation, antibacterial activity, and cell viability. The particles exhibited an irregular shape with an average size of 4.68 µm. EDS showed a Ca/Nb ratio of 3:1 with Cl ions from precursor reagents. FTIR and XRD confirmed the semi-crystalline nature of CaNb₂O₆, with high Ca²⁺ release (48 mM/Ca after 28 days) and buffering capacity (pH 10 after 1 h). Hydroxyapatite precipitates were detected on the particle surface. The incorporation of CaNb₂O₆ did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the adhesive (p = 0.363). SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Ca and P precipitates in the adhesive. The non-hydrolytic sol-gel process proved effective for synthesizing CaNb₂O₆, which promotes hydroxyapatite formation when added to the adhesive.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts and formation of microbial biofilm on 3D-printed dental resin restorations.","authors":"Benedetta Ghezzi, Lorenza Artesani, Laura Giovati, Simonetta Croci, Francesca Valotti, Giovanni Mergoni, Maddalena Manfredi","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the interaction dynamics among two commercially available 3D printed resins (V and R) presenting different surface topographies and human gingival fibroblasts, as well as oral microorganisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>3D-printed samples of two commercial resins underwent various polishing treatments. Surfaces characteristics and biological interactions were analyzed with contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), cellular viability assays, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The formation of mono- and polymicrobial biofilms of Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans on the resins was evaluated through SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFM and SEM analyses revealed significant differences in surface roughness and hydrophilicity among the treatments. Both the resins demonstrated good biocompatibility, however one altered fibroblastic morphology, a finding supported by the differential expression of ITα-6 and IL-6 genes. Variations in the total biomass of S. sanguinis and C. albicans were observed between untreated controls and treated surfaces.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The V resin exhibited superior performance in reducing microbial adhesion and promoting favorable interactions with human gingival fibroblasts in its commercial form, outperforming R resin.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion-releasing restorative materials and dentin remineralization: Current strategies and future perspectives.","authors":"Handially S Vilela, Beatriz F Vela, Amanda L Campos, Rafael B Trinca, Roberto R Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histological studies on carious dentin have identified distinct layers with unique characteristics, leading to the development of minimally invasive restorative strategies. The conservative nature of these approaches has driven the advancement of ion-releasing materials designed to promote dentin remineralization not only by enhancing mineral content but also by restoring the functional properties of the affected tissue. In this context, the remineralizing potential of glass ionomer cements, calcium silicate-based cements, and ion-releasing resin-based composites has been the focus of extensive research. This narrative review examines studies on the development and application of both experimental and commercially available restorative biomaterials. Initially, the available literature on their physicochemical properties, including mechanical performance and ion release is discussed. Subsequently, their remineralization potential is reviewed, with particular attention to the differences among testing methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion release from bioactive dental liner materials by ion chromatography.","authors":"Florian Konstantin Stangl, Karin Christine Huth, Christof Högg","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bioactive liner materials are used to promote dentine bridge formation, reduce early pulp inflammation, and support remineralization. Ion release is a key factor in understanding their role in biomineralization processes. This study is the first to employ a single method to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the simultaneous release of multiple ions from various liner materials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ion chromatography was used to measure the release of 16 anions and cations into water, along with pH changes, on days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 30. The tested liner materials included an experimental liner/base from Solventum (EXP), TheraCal LC (TC), Dycal (DY), Lime-Lite Enhanced (LL), Fuji Lining LC Paste Pak (FL), and Medcem MTA (MC). Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Friedman-tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DY exhibited the highest pH (∼12) after 30 days, followed by MC (∼10), both significantly higher than FL. Of 16 tested ions, 9 were cumulatively released in quantifiable amounts. FL showed the highest F⁻ (279 µg/mL) and Sr²⁺ (128 µg/mL) release. LL released the most Cl⁻ (101 µg/mL) and PO₄³ ⁻ (31 µg/mL), while SO₄²⁻ peaked in TC (111 µg/mL). DY released the most Ca²⁺ (950 µg/mL). EXP showed the highest NH₄⁺ levels, MC the highest K⁺, and LL the highest Na⁺.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The differences in ion release and pH values represent a mosaic stone in understanding the biomineralization effects of liner materials, particularly when considered alongside monomer release data in future studies addressing biological and clinical contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in vitro and vivo evaluation of a dental membrane comprising ovine forestomach matrix.","authors":"Tatiana Tkatchenko, Robert W F Veale, Dawn E Coates, Anumala Ram, Saeidah Nobakht, Dane A Gerneke, Lea Kreutmayer, Shruti Sharma, Barnaby C H May, Sandi G Dempsey, Warwick J Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.06.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to characterize, and evaluate a resorbable dental membrane composed of ovine forestomach matrix (OFM) relative to a reconstituted collagen membrane (BG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OFM Dental Membrane (OFMdm) and BG were compared in a range of in vitro tests to determine relative device strength, suture retention, elasticity, proteolytic stability and bioactivity. The dental membranes were also compared in an ovine tooth extraction model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OFMdm demonstrated superior tensile break force, proteolytic stability, and bioactivity relative to BG membrane. In the tooth extraction model, both membranes yielded similar outcomes with respect to graft retention and new bone regeneration, and both treatment groups had less deleterious connective tissue compared to the un-grafted group at 4 weeks. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups at 8 or 16 weeks.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study demonstrated that OFMdm had favorable in vitro characteristics relative to the BG membrane and was safe and effective in a large animal model of tooth extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue behavior of CAD-CAM composites versus lithium disilicate glass-ceramic.","authors":"Yousef Karevan, Maher Eldafrawy, Raphael Herman, Christelle Sanchez, Michaël Sadoun, Amélie Mainjot","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the fatigue properties of four CAD-CAM composites and compare them with lithium disilicate glass-ceramic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The materials studied were: Brilliant Crios (BRI); Cerasmart 270 (CER); Grandio (GRN); and Tetric CAD (TET), and a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, EMX) as a reference. Blocks were cut into bars and used for: 1) 3-point flexural test (n = 30/material); and 2) constructing S-N curves (n = 35/material). Fatigue tests were conducted in 36 °C water bath at a frequency of 1 Hz lasting up to 3 × 10⁶ cycles. The S-N curves were plotted using the Basquin model, assuming a distribution of fatigue life following the Weibull statistics. Digital microscopy was used to study the creep of a runout composite sample (CER), and fractured surfaces of selected samples were analyzed using laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to EMX, CAD-CAM composites have a shorter lifespan but comparable fatigue degradation (fatigue to flexural strength ratios) at 5 × 10⁴ cycles (0.57-0.65 versus 0.58). Their slow crack growth parameter (n) were close, ranging from 10.4 to 13.3 for CAD-CAM composites and 14.2 for EMX. Fatigue data of CAD-CAM composites showed less variability than EMX. Creep was detected in CAD-CAM composites at 3 × 10⁶ cycles.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Despite CAD-CAM composites having shorter lifetimes than EMX, they show similar resistance to fatigue degradation. Time-dependent factors seem to significantly influence composites fatigue at lower stress levels. Thus, extended fatigue testing in water, despite being time-consuming and costly, is essential for understanding material behavior under clinical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal adhesive application and curing mode affect shear bond strength and shear fatigue bond strength of self-adhesive resin luting cements to dentin.","authors":"Toshiki Takamizawa, Mark A Latta, Wayne W Barkmeier, Ryo Ishii, Sho Shibasaki, Yuta Kasahara, Soshi Suzuki, Masashi Miyazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue bond strength (SFS) of self-adhesive resin luting cements (RLCs) to dentin with or without universal adhesive application in different curing modes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two self-adhesive RLCs (BeautiLink SA and RelyX Universal Resin Cement) were used with or without universal adhesive application. A conventional RLC system (Panavia V5) was used for comparative analysis. Thirty-six specimens were used for each test group: 12 for the SBS and 24 for the SFS tests. Stainless steel rods were bonded to human dentin with and without the light curing of RLC paste. For the SBS test, the bonded specimens were loaded to failure. For the SFS test, repeated subcritical load was applied to the specimens. The flexural strength of the RLCs in different curing modes were also determined. Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test, was used for SBS, and a modified t-test with Bonferroni correction was used for SFS (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SFS results showed a similar trend to the SBS results. The self-adhesive RLCs alone showed significantly lower SFS values in the self-cure mode than in the dual-cure mode. The dual-cure mode triggered higher flexural strength than the self-cure mode.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The universal adhesive combined self-adhesive RLCs showed significantly higher bond effectiveness than self-adhesive RLCs alone.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The self-adhesive RLCs combined with universal adhesive may enhance interlocking and chemical bonding. However, light irradiation of the RLC paste remains essential to ensure optimal bonding effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}