Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"3D printed titanium anodized effects on human gingival fibroblasts response and bacterial colonization: A dual approach.","authors":"Lanig Lefort, Sébastien Gilles, Susan Chamorro-Rodriguez, Marie-Laurence Giorgi, Stéphane Petit, Audrey Asselin, Christophe Beloin, Benjamin Fournier, Marie-Joséphine Crenn","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucointegration is as important as osseointegration to ensure the survival of implant-supported prosthesis. Indeed, effective soft tissue integration (STI) prevents the appearance of complication through bacterial dissemination. To optimize STI, electrochemical anodization can be used to nanostructure the trans-gingival part of the prosthetic component. Moreover, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a new 3D-manufacturing technique that enables the production of customized implant-supported prosthesis with complex geometry.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a SLM manufactured and anodized Ti6Al4V surface on the behaviour of both, human gingival fibroblasts and oral bacteria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>SLM-Ti6Al4V discs were polished and anodized with defined parameters to obtain nanotubes (NTs) with specific morphology. Surface characterization was assessed through surface topography and wettability. Human gingival Fibroblasts were cultured, and cell morphology was observed by SEM at day 7. Proliferation, viability (day 1,4,7) and adhesion (6 h and 36 h) were analyzed. Then immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were used to detect the distribution and the gene expression of vinculin at 48 h. An early colonizer (Streptococcus gordonii) was used for a parallel evaluation of bacteriological adhesion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SLM-ANO-Ti6Al4V showed similar performances in terms of cytotoxicity, compared with a machined and polished titanium surface currently used in clinics. Interestingly, cell adhesion was enhanced on anodized SLM surfaces, with a difference in the distribution of focal adhesion plaques in HGFs, while biofilm formation of S. gordonii was not affected by anodization.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>SLM anodized surface showed promising ability to promote STI while controlling bacterial adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue resistance of human carious dentin treated with ammonia- and water-based silver fluoride.","authors":"Merve Uctasli, Thiago Henrique Scarabello Stape, Roda Seseogullari-Dirihan, Mustafa Murat Mutluay, Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the flexural strength and fatigue resistance of carious dentin treated with ammonia- or water-based silver fluoride using an in vitro microcosm biofilm model, under quasi-static and cyclic load conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dentin beams (0.4 ×1.4 ×6 mm) were prepared and exposed to microcosm biofilm model (Saliva+McBain Medium+0.2% Sucrose) for two days. Microcosm biofilm efficacy was assessed using colony-forming unit counts, dentin microhardness (surface and cross-section), lactic acid production and MTT metabolic activity. Carious beams were treated with either ammonia- (Silver Diamine Fluoride, SDFa and SDFa+KI, Riva Star, SDI) or water-based (Silver Fluoride, SFw and SFw+KI, Riva Star Aqua, SDI) silver fluoride for 60 s. Untreated carious dentin (CD) and sound dentin (SD) beams served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Dentin beams were incubated in artificial saliva for three days and tested under 4-point flexure at quasi-static loads (n = 15) and then under cyclic loads (n = 25). The stress-life fatigue behavior was evaluated using the staircase method (4 Hz) and apparent endurance limits were calculated at 10⁷ cycles. Tension sides of fractured beams were examined under SEM. Quasi-static data (one-way ANOVA, Tukey) and cyclic-load data (Kruskal-Wallis) were analyzed (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quasi-static flexural strength was highest in SD (p < 0.05). Among carious groups, no significant differences were observed in flexural strength values (p > 0.05). SFw treatment revealed lower fatigue resistance than SD, however, significantly exceeding SDFa, SDFa+KI, SFw+KI and CD (p < 0.05). Fatigue resistance of SDFa was higher than CD (p < 0.05). SEM confirmed denser silver-particle deposition in SFw group, correlating with higher fatigue resistance.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Ammonia- and water-based silver fluoride treatments could enhance the structural integrity and mechanical strength of carious dentin. However, the use of potassium iodide may impair potential improvements in fatigue resistance of SFw-treated carious dentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing pectin/ACP complexes to mimic amelogenesis for biomimetic enamel regeneration.","authors":"Yuhang Hou, Xuan Han, Xiaorui Li, Yangyang Ye, Li Zhou, Xiangyu Zhang, Haorong Wang, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to develop a- biocompatible remineralization system using pectin/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) complexes to mimic the natural process of amelogenesis for enamel regeneration. The objectives are to confirm pectinase-mediated template degradation, evaluate the remineralization efficacy, and assess cytocompatibility and clinical feasibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pectin/ACP complexes were synthesized by mixing pectin with calcium and phosphate ions at pH 9. The complexes were characterized using TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Pectinase-mediated degradation was assessed via DNS assays and TEM. Remineralization efficacy was evaluated on demineralized human enamel samples in vitro and in situ using SEM, EDX, and nanoindentation. Cytocompatibility was tested using L-929 fibroblasts with CCK-8 assays and live/dead staining. A rat oral model was used to validate clinical feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pectin/ACP complexes formed stable, amorphous structures at pH 4-9, with TEM showing filamentous and spherical aggregates. FTIR and XRD confirmed the presence of ACP. Pectinase effectively degraded pectin, facilitating ACP-to-HAP transformation. In vitro remineralization resulted in enamel-like structures. Mechanical testing showed significant recovery of hardness and elasticity. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated effective remineralization. Biocompatibility tests indicated no cytotoxicity, with excellent cell viability and proliferation.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The Pectin/ACP system provides a novel, biocompatible approach to enamel remineralization, mimicking natural amelogenesis. This study demonstrates the potential of using food-grade materials and enzymatic processes for dental applications, offering a safe and effective alternative to existing multi-component strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxic and genotoxic potential of eluates from dental composite dust - an in vitro study.","authors":"Cosima Reidelbach, Lena Raab, Elmar Hellwig, Kirstin Vach, Manuel Garcia-Käufer, Olga Polydorou","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the ecotoxic and genotoxic effects of composite components after grinding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples of composite materials Ceram.x Spectra® ST (CX) and Filtek™ Supreme XTE (FS) were ground to dust in a plexiglas box with a standard diamond bur (106 µm). Aqueous (≤ 5 mg/mL) and organic (≤ 790 mg/mL) extracts were prepared to mimic wastewater samples. Ecotoxicity was assessed in luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus), water flea (Daphnia magna), and fish embryo (Danio rerio). Genotoxicity was evaluated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A459) using the Comet assay. All statistical analyses were conducted using a significance level of α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both materials inhibited V. fischeri bioluminescence; CX aqueous eluates showed significantly stronger effects than FS at 2.5 mg/mL (p < 0.01) and 1.25 mg/mL (p < 0.05). Organic extracts were similarly potent (EC50 ≈ 0.27-0.28 mg/mL) without significant differences. In algae, CX aqueous eluates caused significantly higher growth inhibition at all concentrations than FS (p < 0.01); CX organic extracts completely suppressed growth. In Daphnia, CX aqueous eluates caused 100% immobilization, while FS showed no effect. In fish embryos, CX aqueous eluates induced up to 100% mortality (≥ 1.33 mg/mL), whereas FS caused no mortality but impaired pigmentation. Organic extracts of both materials induced embryo mortality up to 100% at 2 mg/mL. No biologically relevant genotoxicity was found.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Both composites exhibit concentration-dependent ecotoxic effects across aqueous organisms. Identifying responsible compounds and implementing effective wastewater treatment are crucial to reduce potential environmental risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the mechanical, antibacterial properties and antibacterial mechanism of ZIF-8 and h-BN with PMMA denture base resin.","authors":"Chufeng Li, Jiayi Luan, Sijia Li, Tingting Yu, Songning Han, Lingdi Chen, Wenqiang Xie, Jiankang He, Ting Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to enhance the PMMA denture base by incorporating nanomaterials to address fracture susceptibility and stomatitis. The differential effects of three-dimensional (3D) ZIF-8 and two-dimensional (2D) h-BN on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of PMMA were systematically evaluated to identify the optimal modification strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ZIF-8 and h-BN were incorporated into PMMA at 0.125-0.225 wt%. Composites were evaluated for their mechanical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, Vickers hardness), antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. coli (via colony counting, crystal violet, and live/dead staining assay), cytotoxicity (CCK-8 and live/dead staining), color, hydrophilicity, and antibacterial mechanisms against C. albicans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal filler concentration was 0.175 wt%, which maximized the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the PMMA denture base. All materials demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity without compromising cytocompatibility, color, or hydrophilicity. ZIF-8@PMMA showed superior antibacterial efficacy compared with h-BN@PMMA, despite equivalent mechanical performance. Mechanistic analysis revealed that ZIF-8 disrupts thiamine and glutathione metabolism in C. albicans, whereas h-BN affects fatty acid degradation and tyrosine metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both ZIF-8 and h-BN significantly improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of PMMA while preserving its color, hydrophilicity, and biocompatibility. ZIF-8 is identified as the superior filler material for dental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumental and visual assessment of color changes in 3D‑printed denture tooth resins.","authors":"Eloah Nunes de Almeida, Ido Luiz de Azevedo Feiten, Larissa Maria Cavalcante, Luis Felipe J Schneider, André Luis Faria-E-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the color stability of a 3D‑printed denture tooth resin across four shades (BL, B1, A2, A3) stored under dry or water conditions for 60 days.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Disc‑shaped specimens of each shade were fabricated using a manufacturer‑validated workflow for Premium Teeth Resin (Formlabs). Spectrophotometric color measurements were recorded at baseline and after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, 30 days, and 60 days of storage in dry conditions or water. Color change (ΔE₀₀), yellowness index (YIO), and relative translucency parameter (RTP₀₀) were calculated. Visual shade matching against the VITA Classical guide was performed at baseline and 60 days by four calibrated evaluators. Instrumental data were analyzed using repeated‑measures ANOVA with Tukey's test; visual scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, and inter‑observer agreement assessed with Fleiss' kappa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Shade, storage condition, and time significantly affected ΔE₀₀ and YIO, while RTP₀₀ was affected only by shade. Water storage accelerated color change, with all shades exceeding acceptability thresholds by 30 days. BL showed the greatest ΔE₀₀, while A3 demonstrated the least change. Yellowness decreased over time, particularly in lighter shades stored in water. No clinically relevant changes in RTP₀₀ values were identified. Visual evaluations showed fair agreement (K = 0.311). After 60 days, BL improved in visual match to its reference tab, whereas A3 exhibited poorer matching following water storage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Color stability of 3D‑printed denture tooth resin is shade dependent and strongly influenced by storage medium and duration. Visual perception depends on both the magnitude and direction of color shift, highlighting the need to combine instrumental and visual methods when assessing esthetic dental materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and future directions in AI-driven biomaterials for microbiome-associated oral infectious diseases: A systematic review.","authors":"Yu Cheng, Yanchun Wang, Tao Luo, Lvhua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral biofilm-induced antimicrobial resistance is the core pathogenic mechanism of microbiome-associated oral infectious diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and endodontic infection). Traditional therapies and biomaterials are limited by poor biofilm penetration, drug resistance induction, single functionality, and inadequate adaptation to dynamic oral microenvironmental changes (e.g., pH fluctuations, salivary rinsing, masticatory stimulation). Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the field by integrating materials science, microbiology, and stomatology data. Via machine learning, deep learning, and multi-physics simulation, AI optimizes biomaterial physicochemical properties, decodes microenvironmental signals, constructs precise sensing-response loops, and supports the full chain of material design, performance prediction, and action simulation, advancing treatment from empirical intervention to precision regulation. This systematic review retrieved literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (January 2016-January 2026) using keywords across three dimensions: AI, biomaterials, and oral microbiome. Following inclusion/exclusion criteria, 99 articles were included. It elaborates on five core mechanisms of AI-driven oral biomaterials (precise oral microbiome analysis, targeted material design/optimization, performance prediction/simulation, targeted delivery/intervention, effect evaluation/dynamic regulation), analyzes their applications in microbiome-targeted biomaterial research and development (R&D) and clinical practice for the four major oral infectious diseases, addresses technical bottlenecks (insufficient targeting specificity and precision of biomaterials, poor stability and durability in complex oral microenvironments, inadequate biofilm disruption capacity, and clinical translation obstacles), and proposes future directions (multimodal design to enhance targeting specificity, structural and component optimization to improve stability/durability, development of multi-mechanism synergistic biofilm disruption strategies, strengthening translational research for clinical application, and deep integration of AI in the full chain of biomaterial R&D). This work provides comprehensive theoretical and practical support for the R&D, optimization, and clinical translation of AI-driven microbiome-targeted oral biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, microstructure and hydrothermal aging behavior of Ce/Y Co-doped tetragonal zirconia-based dental ceramics.","authors":"Wenshu Zhao, Chong Wei, Yichen Li, Chun Li, Shibao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study synthesizes cerium (Ce)/yttrium (Y) co-doped zirconia ceramic powder by the sol-gel method, with the effect of a two-step sintering protocol on the microstructure, phase type, physical and mechanical properties, and resistant hydrothermal aging of zirconia ceramics with different Ce and Y dopant concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ceramic samples were prepared by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and post-sintering (P) using Ce/Y co-doped zirconia powder. The surface morphology and element distribution of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS); With the help of ImageJ software, the grain size distribution was extracted from SEM images. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to examine the phase composition of the prepared powders and ceramic samples before and after hydrothermal aging. Furthermore, the relative density, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramic samples were systematically measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the grain size of Ce/Y co-doped zirconia powder diminished with increasing doping concentration, reaching a minimum of 31.07 nm. This trend was mirrored in the ceramic samples fabricated via SPS or SPS-P, with their grain size variation aligning with that of the powder. Notably, the SPS ceramics achieved a relative density of 5.75 g/cm³, a Vickers hardness of 10.29 GPa and a fracture toughness of 6.42 MPa·m^1/2. In contrast, the SPS-P ceramics attained a relative density of 6.22 g/cm³, a Vickers hardness of 10.34 GPa and a fracture toughness of 6.55 MPa·m^1/2. Furthermore, hydrothermal aging treatment results highlighted the ceramics prepared by SPS exhibited superior resistance to hydrothermal aging compared to those prepared by SPS-P.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>In this study, Ce/Y co-doped zirconia powders and ceramics were prepared, and the influence law of doping concentration on their microstructure and macroscopic properties was systematically analyzed, and new ideas were provided to enhance the material properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale structural analysis of nacre-like HAp-based composites using small-angle X-ray scattering tensor tomography.","authors":"Tayyaba Rabnawaz, Nathanael Leung, Hongbo Wan, Leonard C Nielsen, Andy Smith, Nick Terrill, Marianne Liebi, Bo Su, Tan Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based composites are promising materials for dental restorations due to their hierarchical structure and similarity to natural dental tissues. This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional crystallographic organization of HAp within nacre-inspired composites and to evaluate how different polymers infiltrations influence the structural orientation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nacre-inspired HAp ceramic scaffolds were fabricated via bidirectional freeze-casting and subsequently infiltrated with different polymers, including Polyurethane (PU), Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Epoxy, and Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). The three-dimensional structural organization and crystallite orientation of these composites were investigated using synchrotron-based 3D SAXS tensor tomography (3D SASTT), complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results reveal distinct differences in crystallite alignment among the composites. HAp/PU exhibits the highest degree of preferred orientation (∼0.7-0.8), whereas HAp/PMMA and HAp/Epoxy show lower alignment values (∼0.2-0.4). The HAp/UDMA composite displays heterogeneous orientation with localized regions of moderate alignment. SEM and EDX analyses confirm variations in lamellar morphology, polymer infiltration, and porosity distribution across the composites.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>These findings demonstrate that 3D SASTT enables quantitative mapping of nanoscale crystallite orientation within bulk biomimetic scaffolds and provides new insights into the hierarchical structure of composites, supporting structural design of advanced dental restorative materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural strength of bulk-fill resin composites: A Bayesian hierarchical network meta-analysis.","authors":"Ömer Hatipoğlu, Havva Nur Dinç, Matej Par, Fatma Pertek Hatipoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to systematically synthesize existing in‑vitro data on clinical variability and mechanical performance differences of bulk‑fill materials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 1, 2025. Inclusion criteria was restricted to peer-reviewed in-vitro studies evaluating direct resin composites intended for posterior use. Primary outcome was flexural strength (MPa). Treatment arms were hierarchically specified as composite classes (bulk-fill flowable, bulk-fill sculptable, fiber-reinforced, sonic/heat-activated, chemically activated/alkasite bulk-fill, and conventional sculptable) and their respective sub-brands. Results were synthesized through Bayesian hierarchical model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 44 studies (187 arms; 2134 specimens) were analyzed, with specimen numbers per arm ranging from 10 to 140. At class level, conventional sculptables ranked highest, followed by fiber-reinforced and sonic/heat-activated bulk-fills. Bulk-fill flowable and chemically activated/alkasite occupied the lowest ranks. Conventional sculptable demonstrated significant superiority to bulk-fill flowable and exhibited higher flexural strength relative to chemically/alkasite. At brand level; among conventional microhybrids, Grandio and Filtek Z250, among sculptable bulk-fills, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative and SonicFill, showed higher mean flexural-strength estimates. In contrast, flowable bulk‑fills such as Surefil SDR Flow and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill tended to show lower values. Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength compared to SDR Flow and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill. However, confidence in most class- and brand-level comparisons was rated as low or very low, primarily due to heterogeneity, indirectness, and imprecision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While conventional composites generally outperformed bulk-fill composites, some sculptable bulk‑fills exhibited comparable strength. Due to high heterogeneity, current testing and reporting practices provide limited support for clinically meaningful differentiation among bulk-fill composite classes.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Flexural strength data in isolation are insufficient for product selection among bulk-fills; clinical decisions should rely on comprehensive evidence, including multiple in vitro properties and clinical performance data rather than single laboratory rankings.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}