Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Effect of proanthocyanidin and riboflavin associated with dimethyl sulfoxide in eroded dentine: Six-year in vitro evaluation.","authors":"Michel Wendlinger, Gabriel David Cochinski, Pedro Henrique de Aguiar Moreira, Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas, Fabiana Suelen Figueredo de Siqueira, Thiago Henrique Scarabello Stape, Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay, Alessandro D Loguercio","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of crosslinking agents combined with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on collagen crosslinking, long-term bond strength and interfacial integrity of a universal adhesive applied to eroded dentine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty human molars were randomly distributed into 10 groups according to 1) dentine treatment (no treatment, DMSO; DMSO+proanthocyanidin, and DMSO+riboflavin-UVA); 2) adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse and self-etch); and 3) storage time at 2 levels (24 h or 6 years). Untreated sound dentine (SD) served as a positive control. One universal adhesive was used in etch-and-rinse and self-etch mode (iBond Universal; Kulzer). Composite fillings were performed, and specimens were sectioned into resin-dentine bonded beams (0.8 mm²) and tested under tension (0.5 mm/min) until fracture after 24 h or 6 years of water storage, nanoleakage and to determine the crosslinking rate by micro-Raman analysis. Data on bond strength, nanoleakage and relative crosslinking rate were analysed using repeated-measure ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DMSO pretreatments, whether associated with crosslinking agents or not, significantly increased bond strengths and reduced nanoleakage levels of eroded dentin, regardless of the adhesive strategy applied (p < 0.002). After 6 years, eroded dentin pretreated with DMSO, alone or associated with crosslinkers, produced significantly higher bond strength than untreated eroded dentin (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dental erosion poses a significant challenge to achieving long-term resin bonding. Such negative effects can be reverted by DMSO pretreatments, without detrimental effects on collagen crosslinking. DMSO may help extend the service life of composite fillings bonded to eroded dentine.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Block copolymers: Efficient toughening agents for the preparation of 3D-printable high impact denture base materials.","authors":"Pascal Fässler, Iris Lamparth, Sadini Omeragic, Benjamin Grob, Kai Rist, Fabrice Cousin, Loïc Vidal, Jacques Lalevée, Yohann Catel","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this work is to evaluate an innovative toughening technology for the development of 3D printable high impact denture base materials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urethane dimethacrylate DMA1 was synthesized in a two-step, one-pot reaction, starting from tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decanedimethanol. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-polydimethylsiloxane-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL-PDMS-PCL) triblock copolymers BCPs1-3, exhibiting various PCL block length, were prepared from a bis(3-aminopropyl) terminated polydimethylsiloxane (2000 g mol^-1) by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL). DMA1/(octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenyl)methyl acrylate (OMIMA) 1/1 (wt/wt) formulations containing various amounts of BCPs1-3 were prepared. The flexural strength/modulus and the fracture toughness of light-cured materials were measured according to ISO 20795-1:2013. The double bond conversion (DBC) and glass transition temperature (T_g) were determined by NIR spectroscopy and DMTA measurements, respectively. SAXS experiments were performed on dispersions of BCP2 at different concentrations, before and after the light-curing step. The nanomorphology of cured specimens was characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), whereas the fracture surfaces of the single-edge notched beam (SENB) specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A monoblock denture of the lower jaw was 3D printed from the most promising formulation using the PrograPrint system (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of BCPs1-3 to the DMA1/OMIMA mixture led to a decrease of the mechanical properties (flexural strength/modulus) as well as to a significant improvement of the fracture toughness. It was demonstrated that the PDMS/PCL block ratio plays a significant role on the toughening properties. The BCP2 based material provided the highest flexural strength value. The evaluation of formulations containing different contents of BCP2 showed that 4.5 wt% was ideal. Indeed, the corresponding light-cured material fulfilled the ISO 20795-1:2013 requirements for high impact denture bases. SAXS and STEM measurements clearly showed that BCP2 was able to self-assemble in the monomer mixture, leading to the formation of a nanostructure after curing. A monoblock denture of the lower jaw was successfully 3D printed using the most promising formulation.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>By carefully selecting the nature of the components, the use of block copolymers as toughening agents in a urethane dimethacrylate macromonomer/monofunctional monomer mixture can efficiently lead to the formulation of 3D printable high impact denture bases.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-doped glasses with Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions in glass-ionomer cements.","authors":"John Makanjuola, Robert Hill, Sadia Niazi, Joseph Aduse-Opoku, Neelam Gurav, Subir Banerji, Sanjukta Deb","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a new, biocompatible glass-ionomer cement (GIC) with improved antibacterial activity and physical properties through multiple ionic substitutions of strontium with magnesium and zinc.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A fluoro-alumino-silicate glass (LG99Sr) with composition 4.5SiO₂-3Al₂O₃-1.5 P₂O₅-3SrF₂-2SrO was synthesized using the melt-quench technique. LG99Sr was modified by partially substituting SrO with MgO and ZnO, yielding a new composition 4.5SiO₂-3Al₂O₃-1.5 P₂O₅-3SrF₂-0.5SrO-1MgO-0.5ZnO (LG99Sr-Mg-Zn). Following glass characterization, GICs were prepared using Fuji IX (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) as a reference. Physical properties, antimicrobial activity (against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis/oralis, and Lactobacillus paracasei), and in vitro cytocompatibility were evaluated. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer HSD post-hoc tests to determine the differences in properties between groups (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of magnesium and zinc in LG99Sr-Mg-Zn was validated via EDS analysis, with ICP-MS confirming their release upon immersion. All GICs demonstrated similar fluoride release profiles; notably, LG99Sr-Mg-Zn exhibited a higher initial fluoride release. Mechanical properties at 24 hours were comparable; however, LG99Sr-Mg-Zn and Fuji IX showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) post-maturation compared to LG99Sr. After 1-month maturation, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Vickers microhardness were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for Fuji IX and LG99Sr-Mg-Zn, and microhardness remained significantly higher at 90 days. Agar diffusion, biofilm inhibition, and XTT tests revealed enhanced antibacterial activity (p < 0.05) for LG99Sr-Mg-Zn. MTT and alamarBlue assays confirmed zinc concentration in LG99Sr-Mg-Zn was not cytotoxic.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Ionic substitution of magnesium and zinc in fluoro-alumino-silicate glass significantly enhanced fluoride release and antibacterial properties, improved mechanical properties upon maturation, and maintained cell viability, making it a promising restorative material.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond preservation in caries-affected dentin restored with acrylamide-based adhesives.","authors":"Gfm Guimaraes, S Weber, F S Lucena, F Tsuzuki, A Y Furuse, C Fang, N Saeed, M G Logan, S H Lewis, C S Pfeifer","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Multi-acrylamides have been shown to enhance the bond stability of the adhesive interface in sound dentin (SD). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of triacrylamides as primers for improving bonding efficacy in caries-affected dentin (CAD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Caries was induced in dentin using a 5-day microcosm biofilm model, and demineralization was characterized by ATR/FTIR spectroscopy. Primers were formulated with glycerol dimethacrylate (50 %) combined with secondary (TAAEA) or tertiary (TMAAEA) triacrylamides, HEMA (control), or dopamine methacrylamide (Dopa) with HEMA or TMAAEA, in a solvent mixture (ethanol/water, 70/30, 40 vol%). CAD and SD were treated with a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive, restored with resin composite, and sectioned (1 mm²) for microtensile bond strength (μTBS, n = 6) testing after 24 h and six months of water storage at 37 °C. Collagen degradation (hydroxyproline assay, n = 5), in situ zymography (n = 2), and monomer viscosity (n = 3) were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In SD, all acrylamides and the control exhibited stable or increased μTBS after six months (>50 MPa). For CAD, bond strengths were comparable to SD, except for HEMA, which consistently showed lower μTBS (<40 MPa). CAD demonstrated reduced mineral content, elevated hydroxyproline release, and greater collagen degradation (p < 0.001). Acrylamides indirectly protected collagen by mitigating enzymatic activity and exhibited higher viscosity than HEMA.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Multi-acrylamides effectively preserve the structural integrity of collagen and sustain bond strength in both sound and caries-affected dentin, contributing to the longevity and performance of adhesive restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex in vitro model systems to understand the biointerfaces of dental implants.","authors":"Lisa A Krattiger, Anne Géraldine Guex","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This narrative review aims to provide an overview of in vitro models to evaluate new materials or surface functionalities in dental implant research. The focus lies on concepts and models rather than specific materials or cell types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and google scholar. Major focus was on in vitro studies using mammalian cells that evaluated different implant materials with respect to soft tissue adhesion or osseointegration. Keywords were combinations of in vitro models, dental materials, dental implantology, cells, cell material interactions, or biointerfaces. A total of 147 articles are included in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of studies report on first-line in vitro evaluations with static 2D cell cultures on cylindrical discs of the material of interest. One step further, more advanced 2D models incorporated multiple cell types or studied signaling pathways and mechanisms. Only few publications reported on truly 3D models. A new category of dynamic culture models or integrated implant-on-a-chip systems is arising. We conclude that more research is needed to understand clinical observations on the cellular level and that standardized protocols are needed to evaluate new materials.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>To accommodate patient-specific requirements, new technologies for surface treatments and functionalizations are required. Thereby, the portfolio of standard titanium or zirconia-based dental implants will undoubtedly be complemented with novel materials. In the scope of reducing, refining and replacing animal studies, preceding in vitro evaluations must be more predictive to account for the increasing demand for material evaluations and medical device regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for improved mechanical properties and stability in bioactive dental resin composites.","authors":"Ke Sun, Ruili Wang, Aihua Li, Haiping Xu, Qi Xue, David C Watts, Jing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The mechanical properties of resin composites (RCs) are often compromised by the incorporation of bioactive fillers. To address this, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with unique structural features and surface silanization were developed to synergistically enhance the mechanical performance of RCs while preserving bioactivity, thereby overcoming the traditional trade-off between these properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MSNs were synthesized through a combination of dynamic self-assembly and calcination. Following silanization they were incorporated into resin matrix at various weight ratios (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) alongside three further filler types: magnesium oxide nanoparticles (n-MgO), bioactive glass (BAG) and silanized barium borosilicate glass (BaBSi). The mechanical properties of these potentially bioactive RCs were systematically measured, focusing on both initial performance and long-term stability, which was rigorously evaluated through 10,000 thermal cycles (TC) between 5 °C and 55 °C. Additionally, the degree of conversion, physicochemical properties, and cytotoxicity of the RCs were determined. The antibacterial performance and remineralization capacity of the RCs were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MSNs-filled RCs exhibited significantly reduced water contact angles, decreased water sorption (W_sp) and solubility (W_sl), and excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. Prior to aging, the MSNs-filled RCs exhibited significant improvements in mechanical properties. After aging, groups exhibited some decline in mechanical properties, but MSNs at 5 wt% improved the stability.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>MSNs incorporation significantly enhanced the mechanical strength and stability of dental RCs containing n-MgO, BAG and BaBSi fillers, while preserving their bioactive characteristics. This approach establishes a new paradigm for designing RCs, towards harmonious integration of functional durability and potential bioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of dental adhesive interfaces using tissue biomodulation with DESIGNER biopolymers.","authors":"José Guilherme Neves, Walleska Feijó Liberato, Odair Bim-Junior, Shu-Xi Jing, Shao-Nong Chen, Guido F Pauli, Ana K Bedran-Russo","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the modulatory effects of four proanthocyanidin-DESIGNERS (PAC-DESIGNERs) on the long-term bond strength of the resin-adhesive interface, the degree of conversion of resin monomers, the chemical-mechanical properties of dentin matrix, and cell biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standardized formulations of PACs with a dominant degree of polymerization - DP (trimers: PM-AB and CV-AB; tetramers: PM-ABA and CV-ABB) were prepared from two sources of AB-Type PACs using a DESIGNER approach. Resin-dentin interface was assessed after 24 hours and 1 year using a microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test. The degree of conversion (DC) of resin monomers and chemical analysis of the dentin matrix were analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The viscoelastic properties of the dentin matrix were assessed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Cell viability was analyzed using a 3D cell culture model. Data analysis using two- and one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All PAC-DESIGNER biomodulation increased the µTBS when compared to control (p < 0.05), regardless of source, DP, and aging. The DC of resin adhesive was not negatively impacted, and an increase in DC was observed with the incorporation of PM-AB and PM-ABA DESIGNERs (p < 0.05). PAC-DESIGNER treatment also increased the dentin matrix complex modulus (153-79 MPa) and storage modulus (151-78 MPa) when compared to control (∼9 MPa, p < 0.05). All DESIGNERs decreased the intensity of amide II/CH₂ ratio; a decrease in the amide III/CH₂ ratio was observed for CV-ABB (p < 0.05). Moreover, PAC-DESIGNERs exhibited good cell biocompatibility and healthy cell morphology.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>All PAC-DESIGNERs optimized the dentin-resin µTBS. The different molecular structures played a modulatory role in the chemical-mechanical properties of the dentin matrix, the degree of conversion of adhesive, and cell biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating visual thresholds and color metrics in dental research: An exploratory study.","authors":"Sascha Hein, Michael Zangl, Tobias Graf, Kirstin Vach, Jan-Frederik Güth, Stephen Westland","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate perceptibility (PT) and acceptability thresholds (AT) for multiple color measurement devices and assess the performance of three color difference equations (∆E*_ab, ∆E₀₀, and ∆E₉₄) using a visual dataset from expert observers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A visual dataset previously published was extended by adding the x-rite MetaVue spectrophotometer and ∆E₉₄ to the analysis. Visual scaling was performed on 26 sample pairs of teeth using magnitude estimation. Observers answered PT and AT questions to determine thresholds. Threshold estimation was conducted using a model-free method, and device performance was analyzed using the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) index and visual instrument agreement scale (VIAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PT and AT thresholds varied across devices and color difference equations. For ∆E₀₀, STRESS values ranged from 23 to 32 (mean 29, sd 2.9), with VIAS scores between 68 % and 77 % (mean 71 %, sd 2.9). ∆E₉₄ showed higher STRESS values (24-42, mean 34, sd 5.5) and lower VIAS scores (58-76 %, mean 66 %, sd 5.5). ∆E*_ab demonstrated excellent visual-instrumental agreement with STRESS values from 18 to 36 (mean 24, sd 5.9) and lower VIAS scores (82-64 %, mean 76 %, sd 5.9) outperforming ∆E₉₄ and ∆E₀₀. The x-rite MetaVue achieved excellent results under controlled conditions but it is unsuitable for clinical research due to its design.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study highlights the variability in PT and AT across devices, suggesting the need for device-specific thresholds. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of ∆E*_ab in dental colorimetry compared to more complex color difference metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of high-strength, low-shrinkage dental resin composites with bifunctional polysilsesquioxane","authors":"Qingyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiwei Lin ,&nbsp;Qifang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop a new composite resin to solve the problem of volume shrinkage of conventional dental restorative composite resins during the curing process in order to improve their mechanical properties and reduce the risk of restoration failure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We synthesized the mercapto-alkenyl click chemical reaction product (MN-POSS) of acrylate-based POSS (MAP-POSS) with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) using a bifunctional polysilsesquioxane modification technique and improved its dispersion in the resin matrix by physicochemical methods. In addition, methacrylate-based epoxy POSS (ME-POSS) was further synthesized and used to modify acrylate dental resins to form a free radical-cation hybrid light-curing system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the composites modified with MN-POSS significantly improved mechanical strength, while the application of ME-POSS effectively reduced polymerization shrinkage, improved the water absorption and dissolution properties of the materials, and enhanced mechanical properties and hardness. This study provides new ideas and material solutions to improve the performance of dental restorative materials.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Both of these improved solutions demonstrate the potential of bifunctional POSS as a modified filler, providing new ideas and methods for the design of future dental restorative materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 6","pages":"Pages 755-767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge strength of definitive 3D-printed restorative resin materials","authors":"Shaymaa Mudhaffer ,&nbsp;Julfikar Haider ,&nbsp;Nick Silikas ,&nbsp;Julian Satterthwaite","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of the problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;With the advent of digital technology in dentistry, manual methods for creating dental restorations are being replaced by digital CAD/CAM processes involving three-dimensional (3D) printing and milling. Marginal degradation and chipping are common issues, yet the literature on the edge strength of 3D-printed restorative materials remains limited. Uncertainties remain regarding the impact of print orientation on edge strength, necessitating further investigation to ensure clinical efficacy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of print orientation on the edge strength of 3D-printed dental restorative resins indicated for definitive and interim use and compare them with milled materials.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Specimens (14 ×14 ×2 mm) were additively manufactured in three orientations (0, 45, and 90 degrees) using five 3D printed resins: VarseoSmile Crown&lt;sup&gt;plus&lt;/sup&gt; (VCP), Crowntec (CT), Nextdent C&amp;B MFH (ND), Dima C&amp;B temp (DT), and GC temp print (GC). A DLP 3D printer (ASIGA MAX UV) was used, with post-processing parameters set according to manufacturer recommendations. Edge strength was measured at 0.5 mm and 1 mm distance from the edge using a CK 10 testing machine. Specimens were tested in dry conditions (0.5 mm) and after 48 hours of storage in artificial saliva at 37°C (0.5 mm and 1 mm). Failure modes were analysed visually and using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Filler content was assessed using the Ash method, and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between filler weight and edge strength.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Due to severe deformation before chipping under load at both distances, data for the 3D-printed and milled interim materials were excluded. The 90-degree printing orientation of definitive materials demonstrated significantly higher edge strength after 48 hours in artificial saliva compared to the 0- and 45-degree orientations (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Significant differences were observed between the 3D printed and milled materials at 0.5 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) mm but not at 1 mm (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; ≥ 0.804). Failure modes were predominantly surface indentation without visible cracking (58 %), followed by surface indentation with visible cracking (17 %), edge chipping (0.2 %), and specimen fracture (13 %). A non-significant negative correlation was observed between filler weight and edge strength (r = 0.161, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.680).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Based on the current findings, 3D printing definitive resin materials at a 90-degree orientation provided increased edge strength. 3D-printed materials can better resist crack propagation compared to milled composites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Clinical implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Optimizing the print orientation to 90-degree can improve the edge strengt","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 6","pages":"Pages 745-754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}