Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Transparent 3D-printable biointeractive surfaces enable real-time oral biofilm investigation under controlled flow.","authors":"Min-Yong Lee, Utkarsh Mangal, Hoi-In Jung, Eun Po, Dohyun Kim, Hyungsoon Im, Su-Jung Shin, Jae-Sung Kwon, Sung-Hwan Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify a transparent, directly 3D-printable material (CYTO) capable of recapitulating hydroxyapatite (HA)-associated bacterial attachment while enabling real-time microfluidic investigation of oral biofilms under controlled flow conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Smooth and rough polydimethylsiloxane (sPDMS and rPDMS, respectively), CYTO, and sintered HA were characterized in terms of surface morphology, roughness, wettability, surface energy, and protein adsorption. Enterococcus faecalis attachment was assessed under conventional flow chamber conditions and within a transparent microfluidic chip enabling real-time observation. A 3D-printed root canal platform incorporating accessory canal structures was further developed to evaluate irrigant-mediated bacterial removal under hydrodynamic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CYTO exhibited substantially greater protein adsorption (44.13 ± 2.57 µg/mL) than sPDMS (6.55 ± 2.80 µg/mL) and rPDMS (11.21 ± 1.56 µg/mL). Bacterial attachment on CYTO was significantly greater than on both PDMS surfaces and approached that observed on HA. The transparent microfluidic platform enabled continuous visualization and temporal mapping of bacterial attachment under flow, with spatially heterogeneous colonization patterns. In the root canal model, sodium hypochlorite irrigation achieved approximately 90% bacterial removal in accessory canals ≥ 300 μm in width, whereas lower removal was observed in 100-200 μm canals.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>CYTO more closely replicated the biointeractive behavior of HA than conventional PDMS-based materials while maintaining optical transparency and direct printability. The developed platform enables real-time oral biofilm analysis and hydrodynamically controlled irrigation studies in complex geometries, providing an experimental approach beyond conventional static biofilm models and PDMS-based microfluidic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm efficacy of ε-polylysine hydrochloride against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms and its biocompatibility: A promising root canal medicament.","authors":"Li Guo, Shenglong Tan, Bo Wen, Xinghong Luo, Yan Chen, Qiao Ruan, Jun Wen, Dandan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a predominant pathogen associated with refractory apical periodontitis (RAP), owing to its strong biofilm-forming ability and alkali resistance, which may compromise the antimicrobial efficacy of conventional calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)-based intracanal medication. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PLH) against E. faecalis within the root canal microenvironment, as well as its cytocompatibility, effects on dentin microhardness, removability, and potential to promote periapical healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The antibacterial activity of ε-PLH against E. faecalis was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and assessing its ability to disrupt preformed E. faecalis biofilms. In vitro cytocompatibility was examined using cell viability assays after exposure to different concentrations of ε-PLH. An ε-PLH-based paste was then formulated using propylene glycol (PG) as the vehicle. The effects of intracanal application on dentin microhardness and material removability were evaluated using extracted human root segments. In vivo antibacterial efficacy and periapical healing were further assessed in a rat model of infected root canal established by intracanal inoculation of E. faecalis, followed by treatment with different intracanal medicaments. Normality and homogeneity of variance were assessed before statistical analysis, and comparisons among groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by appropriate multiple comparisons tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC of ε-PLH against E. faecalis was 125 mg/L. At a concentration of 4 MIC, ε-PLH significantly disrupted preformed biofilms, outperforming Ca(OH)₂ (P < 0.05), while maintaining high cytocompatibility. The ε-PLH-PG paste did not adversely affect dentin microhardness after intracanal application for up to 14 days and was more easily removed than Ca(OH)₂. In vivo, ε-PLH exhibited greater antibacterial efficacy and promoted better periapical healing compared to Ca(OH)₂ (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>ε-PLH combines sustained antibiofilm efficacy, low cytotoxicity, easy removability, and minimal influence on dentin microhardness, highlighting its strong potential as a clinically applicable intracanal disinfectant for root canal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-free synthesis of copper-incorporated bioactive glass nanoparticles for controlled ion release, antibacterial activity, and apatite-forming ability.","authors":"Praveen Rowlo, Ronit Vogt Sionov, Elisheva Goldman, Ofra Benny, Amnon Sharir","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Infection-driven failure remains a major challenge in regenerative endodontics, underscoring the need for advanced biomaterials that can simultaneously promote dentin regeneration and provide sustained antimicrobial activity. This study developed a surfactant- and template-free sol-gel strategy, combined with controlled calcium precursor addition and freeze-drying, to synthesize copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Cu-nBG) with regenerative and antibacterial properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spherical nBG (60-100 nm) were synthesized using a modified template-free Stöber process, followed by copper incorporation (0.5-1.5% w/v). The effects of calcium precursor addition timing on particle morphology were evaluated. Physicochemical properties and ion release were characterized by HR-SEM, TEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, XPS, and ICP-OES. Apatite-forming ability was assessed by hydroxyapatite formation following immersion in simulated body fluid. Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans, and cytocompatibility using NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimized precursor addition yielded predominantly spherical nanoparticles (60-100 nm). Copper incorporation preserved the amorphous structure while reducing specific surface area and pore volume. Cu-nBG exhibited sustained concentration-dependent Cu²⁺ release over 28 days without burst release. All formulations supported hydroxyapatite formation following immersion in SBF from day 7, demonstrating preserved apatite-forming ability. Copper incorporation conferred concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, with 1.5% Cu-nBG showing the most sustained inhibition of E. faecalis and S. mutans. All formulations exhibited cytocompatibility at 1-5 mg·mL^-1.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The surfactant-free, freeze-drying-assisted sol-gel strategy enables controlled synthesis of Cu-nBG with sustained Cu²⁺ release, apatite-forming ability, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility, supporting further investigation as functional additives in future endodontic biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture modelling of zirconia crowns in dental implant systems using XFEM, phase-field methods, and Weibull statistics.","authors":"Mojtaba Jalali, Rk Singh Raman, Mehrdad Abolghasemi, Mahmoud Mostafavi, Fatemeh Azhari","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop a continuum-scale computational workflow for assessing fracture behaviour of zirconia crowns in dental implant systems under ISO 14801 loading conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-dimensional finite element model of a Matrix multi-level implant system was developed. Global elastic analysis was first used to evaluate the maximum principal tensile stress distribution in the zirconia crown. The extended finite element method was then applied to assess damage initiation and crack-path development. A localized phase-field fracture sub-model was used to examine regularized damage evolution in the critical region. Weibull weakest-link analysis was applied to full-crown tensile stress fields to estimate fracture probability as a function of load.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global stress analysis identified the crown-indenter contact region as the critical tensile stress concentration. The extended finite element simulation predicted damage initiation beneath the indenter, followed by crack development toward the crown-implant interface. The phase-field sub-model showed progressive damage localization in the same critical region. Weibull analysis predicted a rapid increase in fracture probability within the load range corresponding to reported experimental fracture forces for similar implant-supported zirconia crowns.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The proposed workflow combines deterministic crack modelling with probabilistic fracture assessment and provides a mechanics-based approach for evaluating fracture risk in implant-supported zirconia crowns.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic apatite functionalization of collagen-rich membranes: Mechanical behavior, cytocompatibility, and odontoblast-like cell differentiation.","authors":"Paula Alejandra Baldión, Raquel Fernández-Penas, Pedro Álvarez-Lloret, Juan Antonio Marchal, Jaime Gómez-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of biomimetic apatite mineralization on the physicochemical properties, mechanical behavior, cytocompatibility, and odontogenic differentiation potential of collagen-rich membranes derived from eggshell membrane, equine tendon type I collagen, and bovine pericardium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Membranes were mineralized for 7 days and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mechanical performance was assessed by microtensile testing, and hDPSC viability by calcein-AM assays up to 21 days. Odontogenic differentiation was evaluated by RT-qPCR for RUNX2, COL-1A1, DSPP, and DMP-1, DMP-1 immunofluorescence, and Alizarin Red S staining and quantification at 21 days. Data were analyzed using one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test, as appropriate (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings formed on all membrane types and enhanced biofunctional performance in a membrane-dependent manner. Mineralization significantly increased tensile strength and toughness in eggshell and pericardium membranes, whereas elastic modulus increased only in pericardium. Equine collagen membranes showed modest, non-significant mechanical changes. Cell viability increased significantly over time, with mineralized membranes promoting greater early viability. Apatite-functionalized membranes increased COL-1A1, DSPP, and DMP-1 expression, while RUNX2 remained comparable among formulations. DMP-1-associated staining was more evident in mineralized membranes, which also showed increased calcium-rich extracellular matrix deposition.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Biomimetic apatite mineralization enhanced the mechanical and biological performance of collagen-rich membranes in a substrate-dependent manner. All apatite-functionalized membranes showed favorable properties as bioactive scaffolds for dental pulp regeneration and regenerative endodontic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal electrochemical platform for real-time mapping of heterogeneous ion release from bioactive-glass dental composites and its correlation with interfacial oral biofilm activity.","authors":"Anh Tuan Nguyen, Sriram Kumar, Yunxing Li, Ayantika Dan, Harry Davis, Jens Kreth, Jack Ferracane, Dipankar Koley","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The clinical longevity of dental restorations is compromised by pathogenic biofilm colonization at the material-tooth interface. This study aimed to determine whether bioactive glass (BAG)-containing dental composites function as dynamically responsive interfaces, in which localized metal ion release directly modulates multispecies oral biofilm behavior, rather than acting as passive ion reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multimodal analytical platform was used to monitor interfacial dynamics. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) equipped with custom Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ion-selective microelectrodes mapped the chemical microenvironment 20 µm above composite surfaces. Continuous impedance tracking and solid-state pH microsensors simultaneously quantified biofilm volume and localized acidification on resin, Ca-BAG, Mg-BAG, and Zn-BAG substrates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mapping revealed highly heterogeneous ion-release profiles, yielding localized concentrations of 101.1 ± 13.6 µM Ca²⁺, 40.8 ± 21.2 µM Mg²⁺, and 16.1 ± 4.1 µM Zn²⁺ at pH 6.2, a greater than tenfold increase relative to pH 7.2. Zinc-releasing composites extended biofilm maturation to 7.4 ± 0.4 days versus 3.3 ± 0.1 days on resin controls, sustaining an interfacial pH ≥ 6.7 ± 0.2 at a biofilm volume of 29 µm³ /µm². Resin substrates acidified to pH 6.3 ± 0.2 under equivalent biofilm loading.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>These findings establish a quantitative correlation between localized ion-release profiles and biofilm metabolic activity, consistent with a localized interference mechanism and reframing ion-releasing bioactive composites as dynamically responsive interfaces. The analytical framework provides a quantitative basis for the rational design of next-generation interfacially active biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of interface-confined water in the redistribution effect of demineralized dentin matrix on adhesive monomers.","authors":"Mengqi Pan, Quan Fang, Zimeng Li, Jiajia Xu, Qingping Xi, Zhiyong Li, Qiaojie Luo, Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate how the interplay between interface-confined water and the demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) determines adhesive monomer infiltration and bonding durability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interface-confined water was modulated via amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) deposition and copper ion (Cu²⁺) coordination. Effects on DDM hydration, porous network capacity, surface polarity, electronegativity, and dielectric behavior were analyzed. Rehydration kinetics and dielectric spectroscopy were used to track water dynamics. A poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-grafted collagen model verified intrinsic matrix behavior. Reversible ACP-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) provided causal evidence linking interface-confined water displacement to monomer infiltration and bonding effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interface-confined water structurally integrated in the DDM amplified its intrinsic fractionation effect, limiting uniform adhesive infiltration. Dehydration induced fibrillar contraction, matrix rearrangement, and reduced surface polarity, enhancing compatibility with hydrophobic monomers such as bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA). Rehydration restored matrix electronegativity and dielectric response. The biomimetic model confirmed that the mechanism is intrinsic to charged hierarchical networks. EDTA cycling demonstrated that water displacement improved monomer infiltration and bond strength, while water restoration reversed these gains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DDM provides the substrate-level basis for adhesive fractionation, while interface-confined water acts as its structurally integrated amplifier. Modulating the DDM to regulate its interface-confined water therefore provides a mechanistic route to enhance adhesive infiltration and bonding durability. This framework points to a water-centric to a matrix-centric shift in dentin bonding, where the substrate's hydrated charged architecture actively determines monomer partitioning and bonding durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal polymerisation shrinkage evaluation of dental composites using embedded chirped fibre Bragg gratings.","authors":"Prashanth Nagulapally, Raju, B Gangadhara Prusty","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resin-based composite materials are widely used in restorative dentistry because of their favourable aesthetic properties and ease of handling. However, polymerisation shrinkage (PS) during curing remains a major challenge, where induced contraction strains and stresses lead to marginal gap formation, interfacial debonding, secondary caries, and restoration failure. Conventional techniques for evaluating PS primarily provide global measurements and do not enable continuous spatial and temporal monitoring of strains within the material during curing. This study presents a chirped fibre Bragg grating (CFBG) optical fibre sensor as a novel distributed sensing approach for real-time monitoring of polymerisation-induced strain in resin-based dental composites. A laboratory investigation was conducted on five commercially available resin composites: (i) everX Flow, (ii) Beautifil Flow Plus F03, (iii) Luna 2, (iv) Aura Bulk Fill, and (v) G-aenial Posterior. A CFBG sensor was embedded within each specimen to continuously monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of polymerisation-induced strain during light curing. The measurements exhibited comparable temporal and spatial trends across replicate specimens, with endpoint coefficients of variation ranging from 9.34% to 15.65% and a maximum individual deviation of 17% from the mean. Comparison with conventional tensometer measurements showed similar trends in polymerisation behaviour, providing qualitative support for the CFBG sensing approach. Further, the distributed strain measurements revealed spatial variations in polymerisation behaviour along the embedded sensing region that cannot be obtained using conventional global measurement techniques. These findings demonstrate the potential of CFBG sensors as an in-situ, distributed monitoring tool for investigating polymerisation behaviour in resin-based composites and provide new insight into the spatial evolution of curing that may support future materials research and optimisation of restorative procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citric acid promotes effective in vitro decontamination of titanium while supporting surface, electrochemical, and biological properties compared with conventional chemical agents.","authors":"Mirtes Maria Ferreira Corrêa, Mariana Alves Santos, Cícero Andrade Sigilião Celles, João Pedro Dos Santos Silva, Maria Helena Rossy Borges, Samuel Santana Malheiros, Elidiane Cipriano Rangel, Jairo Matozinho Cordeiro, Ana Paula de Souza, Valentim A R Barão, Bruna Egumi Nagay","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial, physicochemical, electrochemical, and biological effects of chemical agents used for titanium (Ti) surface decontamination, with emphasis on identifying an optimal citric acid (CA) concentration for peri-implant disease management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Surface integrity, electrochemical behavior, and protein adsorption were analyzed after 1-min immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 3% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 1% sodium hypochlorite (SH), and CA (10, 20, 30, and 40%). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a two-phase polymicrobial biofilm model under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biological effects of chemicals were evaluated by fibroblast viability. Pre-osteoblast viability and mineralization were performed on biofilm-treated surfaces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SH and CA40 induced morphological damage, whereas CA10-30 preserved surface integrity and showed nobler electrochemical behavior. Regarding antimicrobial activity, SH, CA30, and CA40 significantly reduced biofilm (≈6 log; p < 0.05), demonstrating a concentration-dependent CA effect, whereas CHX and HP performed similarly to PBS. Biologically, protein adsorption was comparable across groups, and CHX reduced early viability (24 h) (p < 0.05). However, after 14 days, CHX- and CA30-treated surfaces promoted greater mineralized nodule formation (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>CHX and HP did not reduce biofilm after 1-min immersion, highlighting limitations of these short exposure protocols. In contrast, CA30 demonstrated a favorable balance between antimicrobial efficacy, controlled surface alterations, and biological effects, supporting its potential as an adjuvant chemical strategy for peri-implantitis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New silane-containing universal adhesives: Reactivity, wettability and bonding capacity with lithium-disilicate ceramic.","authors":"Maria Dimitriadi, Aikaterini Petropoulou, Spiros Zinelis, George Eliades","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2026.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the silane reactivity, wettability and bond strength with a Lithium (Li)-disilicate ceramic in a series of new silane-containing universal adhesives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five adhesives (BeautiBond Xtreme-BXB, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick 2-CBQ, Scotchbond Universal Plus-SUP, Tokuyama Universal Bond II-TUB) and a universal silane primer control (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus-CCP) were tested. Residual silanol (RS%) and siloxane formation (SF) rates of thin silane films were monitored by FTIR spectroscopy (0, 10, 30, 60 min storage-60% relative humidity). Wettability was assessed on hydrofluoric acid-etched Li-disilicate surfaces after 60 min storage by water contact angle measurements (WCA, before/after ethanol rinsing). Finally, the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin composite to etched and silane-treated ceramic surfaces was evaluated following 1-week water storage (37 °C), before and after accelerated aging (24-h boiling water test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SUP and TUB demonstrated lower RS% and full silanol consumption (30 min-SUP, 60 min-TUB) in comparison with other materials (>60% at 60 min). The highest SF was found in TUB, followed by SUP and all other materials (lower values). All treatments resulted in hydrophilic surfaces, with greater WCA in TUB, CCP (before), in TUB, CBQ, CCP (after ethanol rinsing), and in all paired comparisons (before-after, in favor of the latter) except for SUP. The ranking of the SBS values was TUB, SUP > BXB, CBQ, CCP (before and after aging), with a significant reduction after aging (-67 up to -54 %).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The silanes contained in the new universal adhesives demonstrated silanol condensation, with great differences in the reaction rates and wettability dependent on composition and setting mechanisms. However, all products failed to provide water-repellent interfaces, leading to hydrolytic instability after accelerated aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}