{"title":"Environmental impacts from intraoral polymer devices: A systematic review.","authors":"Asbjørn Jokstad, Anne Margrete Gussgard","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review assessed scientific evidence regarding the release of monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer nano- and micro-sized particles (NMP) from intraoral polymer devices (IPD), during fabrication/processing within dental operatory settings, and into patient body fluids after placement.</p><p><strong>Data and sources: </strong>Peer-reviewed articles in English were identified through multiple bibliometric databases, grey literature, website searches, and hand-searching. Eligible studies quantified (i) monomeric eluates or polymer NMPs in air or wastewater in dental operatory settings, (ii) monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer NMPs in human body fluids at defined intervals after intraoral placement of an IPD.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Two reviewers independently screened/extracted 50 studies: 13 on operatory air/wastewater during IPD fabrication/processing; 16 on body-fluid levels from removable/semi-permanent IPDs; and 21 on permanent IPDs. Outcomes included monomeric eluates or degradation compound count or mass concentration after minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years, and polymer NMP counts, size distributions, mass concentrations, and chemical composition. Risk of bias was assessed using study-design-specific tools. Estimates of monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer NMP levels varied widely across interventions, materials, and settings. Transient increases in body fluid eluates were common post-placement, typically returning to baseline within 48 h. Methodological heterogeneity, inconsistent units, and limited ecological context hindered meta-analysis and environmental risk appraisal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IPDs can release monomeric eluates, degradation compounds, and polymer NMPs during fabrication/processing and following intraoral placement, contributing to environmental contamination and, where significant, pollution. Standardized research protocols and reporting standards are needed to quantify these impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dental Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.09.002","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: This systematic review assessed scientific evidence regarding the release of monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer nano- and micro-sized particles (NMP) from intraoral polymer devices (IPD), during fabrication/processing within dental operatory settings, and into patient body fluids after placement.
Data and sources: Peer-reviewed articles in English were identified through multiple bibliometric databases, grey literature, website searches, and hand-searching. Eligible studies quantified (i) monomeric eluates or polymer NMPs in air or wastewater in dental operatory settings, (ii) monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer NMPs in human body fluids at defined intervals after intraoral placement of an IPD.
Study selection: Two reviewers independently screened/extracted 50 studies: 13 on operatory air/wastewater during IPD fabrication/processing; 16 on body-fluid levels from removable/semi-permanent IPDs; and 21 on permanent IPDs. Outcomes included monomeric eluates or degradation compound count or mass concentration after minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years, and polymer NMP counts, size distributions, mass concentrations, and chemical composition. Risk of bias was assessed using study-design-specific tools. Estimates of monomeric eluates or degradation compounds and polymer NMP levels varied widely across interventions, materials, and settings. Transient increases in body fluid eluates were common post-placement, typically returning to baseline within 48 h. Methodological heterogeneity, inconsistent units, and limited ecological context hindered meta-analysis and environmental risk appraisal.
Conclusions: IPDs can release monomeric eluates, degradation compounds, and polymer NMPs during fabrication/processing and following intraoral placement, contributing to environmental contamination and, where significant, pollution. Standardized research protocols and reporting standards are needed to quantify these impacts.
期刊介绍：
Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications.
Academy of Dental Materials members click here to register for free access to Dental Materials online.
The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology.
Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.
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