Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Stress distribution in zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer restorations in molar incisor hypomineralization: A finite element analysis","authors":"Reham A. Mahfouz ,&nbsp;Amina M. Abd El Rahman ,&nbsp;Azza G. Hanno ,&nbsp;M. Helmi Attia","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Investigating stress distribution in zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement (GIC), used to restore hypomineralized permanent first molars (HPFMs), under dynamic occlusal loading, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CBCT and intra-oral scans of HPFM of an 8-year-old child were obtained. Three models were constructed using 3D-CAD software ‘MIMICS 21.0’. Model I represented a sound PFM, Model II: HPFM, and Model III: HPFM restored with zirconia-reinforced GIC (Zirconomer®). An idealized dynamic occlusal loading cycle (duration 0.25 s) was simulated consisting of Phases I and II, separated by point of Maximum Intercuspation (PoMI). The maximum and mean loads were 321 and 168 N, respectively. Abaqus-FEA software was used to record Von Mises (vM), and Maximum Principal (Pmax) stresses in the assembly (A), and in the models’ components: normal enamel (E), hypomineralized enamel (HE), restorative area (RA), and dentine (D).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maximum vM and P_max stresses were obtained at 0.18 s. Enamel was the stress-bearing component in all models. Model II revealed high stress concentration between E and HE. The highest stresses in the RA were obtained in Model II, and the lowest in Model III.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Favorable stress distributions were obtained in HPFM restored with zirconia-reinforced GIC. The high stress concentrations found at the junction between normal and hypomineralized enamel, and the poor physical properties of HE, may lead to post-eruptive enamel breakdown (PEB) common in HPFMs.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Glass ionomer cements placed as interim restorations in molar incisor hypomineralization require strong physical properties and distribution of occlusal forces. This study shows that zirconia-reinforced GIC is an acceptable restoration in HPFMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 607-620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of calcium and calcium-fluoride phytate as active fillers in dental resin-based composites on chemical and physical properties","authors":"Zuzanna Buchwald ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Domke ,&nbsp;Marcel Jakubowski ,&nbsp;Maria Ratajczak ,&nbsp;Tomasz Buchwald ,&nbsp;Mutlu Özcan ,&nbsp;Adam Voelkel ,&nbsp;Mariusz Sandomierski","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate calcium phytate (Ca-PA) and fluorinated calcium phytate (Ca-PA-F) as novel active fillers in resin-based dental composites (RBCs). The hypothesis assumes that these fillers will provide remineralization potential through calcium and fluoride ion release while maintaining satisfactory physicochemical properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ca-PA and Ca-PA-F fillers were synthesized, characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, and incorporated into methacrylate-based RBCs at a filler fraction of 65 vol% (≈30 wt%). The composites were polymerized and evaluated for degree of conversion (DC), depth of cure (DOC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), mechanical properties (compressive strength [CS], flexural strength [FS]), water sorption (SP), solubility (SL), also after 35 days of incubation, color, opacity, and calcium and fluoride release over 35 days in saline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both experimental composites exhibited high DC (&gt;70 %), DOC (&gt;3 mm), and moderate PS (4.18–6.19 %). Ca-PA-c showed superior CS (351.6 MPa) and FS (53.9 MPa), while Ca-PA-F-c had lower CS (246.3 MPa) and FS (43.5 MPa). Excessive SP (&gt;40 µg·mm⁻³) and high SL after 35 days of incubation, especially for Ca-PA-F-c, were observed. Both materials released calcium ions, with Ca-PA-F-c also releasing fluoride, showing the remineralizing potential.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Phytate-based fillers provide a promising alternative for RBCs with remineralization potential. However, improvements in filler dispersion, flexural strength, and long-term mass stability are needed. Future work should focus on filler silanization or hybridization with conventional fillers to enhance mechanical performance while maintaining the ability to ions release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 593-606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of ZnO content in YSZ-ZnO composite ceramics on bacterial growth and cell behaviour for the prevention of peri-implant inflammation","authors":"Marie-Elise Jennes ,&nbsp;Sven Kriegseis ,&nbsp;Lukas Aretz ,&nbsp;Antonia Stadie ,&nbsp;Nora Gaertner ,&nbsp;Louisa Mewes ,&nbsp;Florian Beuer ,&nbsp;Mehdi Behbahani ,&nbsp;Karolina Schickle ,&nbsp;Franziska Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Peri-implantitis is a significant complication in dental implant therapy and arises primarily from bacterial colonization. Current preventive strategies show limited long-term efficacy. This study evaluated antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of yttria-stabilized zirconia-zinc oxide (YSZ-ZnO) composite ceramics as implant abutment material for peri-implantitis prevention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine ZnO/YSZ ratios (10–90–90–10 at%), and controls (100 % ZnO, 100 % YSZ, and titanium) were synthesized. Analyses included microstructure and composition by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and surface roughness with an Alicona Infinite Focus Variation microscope. Antibacterial properties were assessed against <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> and cell viability of immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (iHGF) was evaluated using the CCK8 assay. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests (<em>P</em> = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Samples with ZnO &gt; 40 % showed larger inhibition zones than Ti and YSZ (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). No CFUs were observed with ≥ 60 % ZnO, while controls showed bacterial growth. Cell viability assays revealed no significant differences between YSZ and 60 % ZnO (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but higher ZnO concentrations reduced viability. Mean roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.13 μm (66.6 % ZnO) to 0.58 μm (100 % ZnO).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>YSZ-ZnO composites could reduce peri-implantitis by inhibiting bacterial colonization. The 60 % ZnO composition exhibited strong antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, suggesting potential solution for improving implant success rates, especially in high-risk patients. Further research is needed to explore long-term stability and interactions with other bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 584-592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of crosslinker-modified etchants on durability of resin-dentin bonds in sound and caries-affected dentin","authors":"Saleha Nisar,&nbsp;Viviane Hass,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To formulate crosslinker-modified etchants with phosphoric acid (PA) and an organic acid for effective dentin demineralization while addressing solubility issues, and to evaluate their impact on bond strength, nanoleakage, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity in sound dentin (SD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) before and after thermocycling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Crosslinker-modified etchants were prepared by mixing 35 % tartaric acid (TA) and 10 % PA and adding 1 % of theaflavins (TF), cranberry extract (CR), or EDC/NHS (EDC). The etchants without crosslinker were used as controls. Dentin surfaces of 74 human molars were exposed, and 35 of them were submitted to a microbiological cariogenic challenge to create CAD. Specimens from SD and CAD were randomly allocated into 10 groups according to the different etchants. Resin-dentin interfacial bonding properties were evaluated after 24 h and after 10,000 thermocycling through microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage and MMPs activity via in situ zymography. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Games-Howell or Tukey’s tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the control and EDC-modified groups, TF- and CR-modified etchants maintained stable bond strength and significantly reduced MMP activity, preserving this protection even after thermocycling, which simulates one year of clinical aging, regardless of dentin type (both SD and CAD). While their impact on nanoleakage in CAD was less pronounced after thermocycling, it remained below 50 % of the levels observed in the control and EDC-modified groups.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Crosslinker-modified etchants, particularly TF and CR, provide a promising approach for simultaneous etching and biomodification of clinically relevant dentin substrates, enhancing bonding durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 575-583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of environmental conditions on wear resistance of lithium silicate glass-ceramic materials","authors":"Ahmad Amro Baradee ,&nbsp;Benedikt Christopher Spies ,&nbsp;Severin Rothlauf ,&nbsp;Kirstin Vach ,&nbsp;Michael Seidenstuecker ,&nbsp;Jörg Lüchtenborg","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the impact of neutral and acidic environments on wear resistance of lithium silicate glass-ceramics (LSGCs), with and without crystallization firing after manufacturing.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Fifty-six specimens were tested in a two-body wear simulator and divided into seven groups. Four groups consisted of commercially available LSGC materials, each opposed to steatite antagonists. A fifth group included an LSGC material tested additionally in its fired state. A sixth group involved another LSGC material opposed to zirconia antagonists. A seventh group comprised zirconia specimens, opposed to steatite antagonists. All specimens underwent a two-body wear test with 250,000 cycles, a 5 kg load, and 1 mm lateral movement, while immersed in either neutral (pH 7) or acidic (pH 3) buffer solutions. Laser scanning microscopy, optical profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to quantify and/or investigate the wear. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LSGC materials exhibited significantly higher wear at pH 7 compared to pH 3 (p &lt; 0.001). The greatest volume loss was observed in an unfired LSGC material (0.138 ± 0.039 mm³ at pH 3 vs. 0.495 ± 0.092 mm³ at pH 7). Steatite antagonists also suffered significantly greater wear at pH 7, with the highest antagonist wear recorded at 1.718 ± 0.068 mm³ . The wear mechanism caused by steatite antagonists differed from zirconia antagonists.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Environmental conditions play a major role in the wear performance of LSGCs. Fully crystallized LSGC materials show similar susceptibility to environmental changes compared to LSGC materials requiring crystallization firing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 6","pages":"Pages 621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibre-reinforced dental composites: Influence of aspect ratio and loading percentage on material performance","authors":"Jerrin Thadathil Varghese ,&nbsp;Raju ,&nbsp;Paul Farrar ,&nbsp;B. Gangadhara Prusty","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This experimental investigation explored the optimisation of fibre loading and aspect ratio (AR) of the S-2 Glass fibres in restorative dental composites for improved mechanical and physical characteristics. This study dealt with understanding the influence of two key input parameters, hybridised S-2 Glass fibre AR and fibre wt%, as reinforcement on a dental composite. This study also explores the relationships and effects of these parameters on the performance of the composite material.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study investigated the effects of using two different S-2 Glass fibre aspect ratios (50AR and 70AR) in varying proportions and fibre weight percentages on the mechanical and physical properties of dental composites. The study examined the mechanical properties of hybrid S-2 Glass fibre-reinforced dental composites, including flexural properties, compressive properties, and fracture toughness. Additionally, the study looked at the physical property (degree of conversion) of hybrid S-2 Glass fibre-reinforced dental composites. Two-way ANOVA and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques were used to understand the relationship between the composition parameters of S-2 Glass fibres and the physico-mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced dental composites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The flexural properties increased with fibre wt% loading of 4 % and 5 % but decreased at 6 % loading. These properties were significantly also affected by the hybridization parameters. Similarly, compressive properties followed the same trends, increasing at fibre loadings of 4 % and 5 % but decreasing at 6 %. Fracture toughness was highest at a 5 % fibre concentration with 100 % 70AR hybridization but again reduced at 6 % fibre loading. The degree of conversion property varied with fibre weight percentage and hybridization, showing the highest values at the surface level (0 mm) and the lowest at a depth of 5 mm. Statistical analysis using ANOVA indicated significant differences in mechanical properties based on fibre wt% and hybridization parameters. Regression models showed strong correlations between experimental and predicted values, enabling the prediction of mechanical properties based on input parameters. These findings suggest that the physico-mechanical properties of the composites can be effectively adjusted by modifying the fibre weight percentage and hybridization parameters.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Significance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study gives us insights into how fibre AR proportions and wt% can impact the performance of dental composites. The detailed parametric study provides valuable insights into the influence of the parameters and illustrates the impact of fibre characteristics on dental composite performance. It shows a complex relationship where increasing fibre weight percentage could improve load-bearing capacity but may have a negative effect on physico-mechanical behaviour because of reduced d","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 561-574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical decision-making in tooth bleaching based on current evidence: A narrative review","authors":"Matheus Kury ,&nbsp;Bianca Bem Prunes ,&nbsp;Cintia Helena C. Saraceni ,&nbsp;Leandro Augusto Hilgert ,&nbsp;Bruna M. Fronza ,&nbsp;Adriano F. Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review consolidates current knowledge on dentist-supervised tooth bleaching for vital teeth, drawing from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that followed CONSORT guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Data resources</h3><div>MeSH and free terms like \"tooth bleaching,\" \"tooth whitening,\" \"randomized clinical trial,\" and \"systematic review\" were used in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases</div></div><div><h3>Study selection</h3><div>Out of 839 articles, 444 were selected for full-text review, excluding case reports, non-randomized trials, literature reviews and those not directly related to tooth bleaching or RCTs not following CONSORT 2010. The remaining 203 studies were used to compare the dentist-supervised at-home and in-office clinical protocols, assessing factors such as color change, tooth sensitivity, and gingival irritation. In vitro studies were cited to support and explain basic concepts of different clinical decisions</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Daily at-home bleaching with 10 % carbamide peroxide or lower-concentration hydrogen peroxide over three to four weeks is effective. In-office bleaching with high-concentration hydrogen peroxide exhibits variations in protocols based on the HP concentration and gel’s pH. Emerging technologies like violet LEDs and photobiomodulation with infrared lasers show promise in enhancing efficacy and reducing sensitivity, respectively, though more research is needed. The review underscores the importance of ongoing research into desensitization strategies to manage sensitivity related to bleaching.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Tooth bleaching is central to dental aesthetics, offering a range of options that can challenge clinicians. Adverse effects, particularly sensitivity, highlight the need for practice supported in protocols clinically tested and effective desensitization approaches</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 536-552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the marginal seal of bioactive restorative materials in class II cavities with a bacterial penetration model","authors":"Sabina Noreen Wuersching,&nbsp;Lisa Kohl,&nbsp;Reinhard Hickel,&nbsp;Falk Schwendicke,&nbsp;Maximilian Kollmuss","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine the marginal seal of novel bioactive restorative materials and the material-related properties associated with bacterial microleakage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Class II cavities prepared into human extracted teeth were restored with: <em>Venus Diamond</em> (<strong>VD</strong>) + selective enamel etching (SEE)/self-etching universal adhesive (SEA), <em>ACTIVA BioACTIVE RESTORATIVE</em> (<strong>AB</strong>) + SEE/SEA, <em>Cention Forte</em> (<strong>CF</strong>) + Cention Primer, <em>Ketac Universal Aplicap</em> (<strong>KU</strong>), <em>EQUIA Forte HT</em> (<strong>EF</strong>) and <em>Surefil One</em> (<strong>SO</strong>) and exposed to a cariogenic multi-species bacterial suspension for 7 days. Bacterial microleakage was visualized with a modified gram staining protocol and bacterial penetration depths were microscopically determined after sectioning the teeth. Disc-shaped specimens (10 mm x 2 mm, n = 6) were used for assessing possible antimicrobial effects and the pH of the materials.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bacterial microleakage occurred in 14.7 % (VD), 7.1 % (AB), 2.9 % (CF), 47.6 % (KU), 34.0 % (EF) and 55.7 % (SO) of the examined margins. When bacterial penetration occurred, it was limited to the enamel in cavities restored with KU, EF and SO, but reached into dentin of VD, AB, and CF restorations. While SO led to bacterial growth arrest, all other materials only exhibited a weak antibacterial effect. CF immersed in water created an alkaline pH (∼9), which remained high until the end of the measurement after 3 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bacterial microleakage occurred less frequently when adhesive pretreatment was performed prior to restoration. CF showed promising results in terms of a tight marginal seal, which may be attributed to continuous ion release and local pH regulation.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Establishing materials with an improved marginal seal is essential for ensuring longevity of direct restorations and preventing secondary caries development. Bioactive restorative materials, when used with complementary adhesives, show greater resilience to bacterial penetration compared to self-adhesive materials, making them a promising future alternative to nanohybrid composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 553-560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering quantum carbon dots unveiling quantum wave entanglement wave function on enamel substrate: A relativistic in-vitro study","authors":"Umer Daood ,&nbsp;Fabian Davamani Amalraj ,&nbsp;Kanwardeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Ranjeet Ajit Bapat ,&nbsp;Liang Lin Seow","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;As artificial atoms, quantum dots are widely used in quantum information research since their individual energy levels may be precisely controlled using gate voltages. The purpose of the study was to modify carbon quantum dots (&lt;em&gt;CQDs&lt;/em&gt;) and evaluate its effects on the structure, crystal orientation and mechanical properties of the enamel substrate along with antibacterial properties of &lt;em&gt;CQDs&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Enamel specimens of &lt;em&gt;4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm&lt;/em&gt; were cut and &lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt; solution was dialyzed in deionized water mixed with urea solution and placed in microwave system (800 W) to obtain *&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.1 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, **&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.2 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, ***&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.3 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, and *****&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt; for enamel blocks to be immersed for &lt;em&gt;2 weeks&lt;/em&gt;. X-ray diffraction analysis and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to determine degree of phase purity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for imaging of &lt;em&gt;CQDs&lt;/em&gt; and treated enamel, with zeta potential measured with Zetasizer. Raman spectra was acquired with spectral range of 400–2000 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Atomic force microscopy was performed with a peak force set at 200 nN. Lactobacillus biofilm was prepared on treated enamel substrates and analysed using confocal, scanning electron microscopy and TEM.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;DFT calculations summarised improved lattice parameters of HAp***&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.3 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and HAp***&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;. Zeta potential is least for salineS and is maximum for *****&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; distributed system. The salineS, and *&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.1 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; groups had comparable v₁PO₄³⁻ value, indicating consistent phosphate intensities. TEM successfully verified carbon dots as spherical. Enamel crystals aligned their c-axis perpendicular to the electron beam within 1° with &lt;em&gt;CQDs&lt;/em&gt; treated specimens exhibiting misoriented-crystals. *****&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; group had highest elastic modulus and nano hardness with maximum shear stress. Calculated bond length and angles using XRD show higher measures (&lt;em&gt;p &lt; 0.05&lt;/em&gt;) in all &lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt; groups. *****&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; exhibited a fibre texture pattern with an orientational distribution resembling an angle distortion. Most bacteria in the biofilms fluoresced red in &lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt; groups with no colony chain formations observed with *****&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; group. &lt;em&gt;CQDs&lt;/em&gt; assemblies were observed to cause explosive lysis through loss of cell integrity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;*****&lt;em&gt;CQD&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0.5 %&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; modified enamel substrate displayed significant crystallite changes providing a novel option for fabrication of diverse functional &lt;em&gt;CQDs&lt;/em&gt; aimed","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 523-535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel biomimetic strategy for mimicking amelogenesis to repair enamel","authors":"Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhi ,&nbsp;Xinye Zhou ,&nbsp;Fan Li ,&nbsp;Yangyang Ye ,&nbsp;Bing Sun ,&nbsp;Dongping Zhao ,&nbsp;Zongren Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the principle of minimal invasiveness in modern dentistry, biomimetic remineralization therapy constitutes a significant strategy for the prevention and treatment of early enamel caries. Based on the three “key events” of amelogenesis in vivo, silk fibroin (SF) combined with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) successfully formed an SF/CMC composite, and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was then used to form an SF/CMC-ACP nanocomposite with remineralization properties. In our study, SF was used as a template protein for biomimetic amelogenin, ACP was stabilized with CMC and the remineralization was guided using NaClO to simulate the action of proteolytic enzymes. The SF/CMC-ACP nanocomposite demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and enamel remineralization effects in both in vitro/in vivo experiments; thus, a theoretical basis for biomimetic enamel remineralization studies was provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 513-522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}