Dental Materials最新文献

{"title":"Exploring antimicrobial soda-lime glasses as glaze alternatives for 4Y-PSZ.","authors":"Camila da Silva Rodrigues, Ana Carolina da Silva, Evelyn Luzia de Souza Santos, Clarice Ferreira Sabino, Rita Adriana Souza da Silva de Assis, Juliana Campos Junqueira, Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos, Renata Marques de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the mechanical, optical, and antimicrobial effects of two experimental soda-lime glass coatings on 4Y-PSZ comparing it to a commercial glaze.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental soda-lime (SL) and silver-containing soda-lime (Ag) glasses were developed. Disc-shaped 4Y-PSZ ceramic (Katana STML) specimens were prepared and divided according to the coating material: SL, Ag, or commercial glaze (G, Cerabien Zr). The experimental glass powders mixed with propylene glycol or glaze paste were applied and fused onto zirconia discs. Specimens underwent roughness (Ra, Rz), translucency (TP₀₀), biaxial flexural strength, and x-ray diffraction analyses. Coated and fractured surfaces were evaluated in scanning electron microscope. Colony forming units (CFU) of Candida albicans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus mutans analyses were performed with initial and 6-month water-aged specimens. Statistical analysis was performed with Weibull statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, or ANOVA tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ra, Rz, TP₀₀, flexural, and characteristic strengths were similar among all groups. Weibull modulus of SL was higher than Ag. SL and Ag specimens failed from bulk zirconia defects while G fractures originated at the glaze-zirconia interface. SL and Ag microstructure shows oriented crystalline phase. Surface coating did not affect C. albicans CFU. However, SL showed less hyphal form. SL decreased CFU of S. sanguinis and S. mutans at both initial and aged analysis, while Ag reduced these microorganisms only after aging.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>SL and Ag experimental glasses provided antimicrobial effect without harming flexural strength, translucency, or roughness of 4Y-PSZ as compared to commercial glaze. SL revealed both initial and long-term antimicrobial effect and avoided C. albicans hypha formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal integrity produced by quaternary ammonium methacrylate-based dental adhesive tested under physiologically relevant models.","authors":"Fernanda de Lucena, Peter Nguyen, Tiana Pham, Samuel Weber, Matthew Logan, Steven Lewis, Carmem Pfeifer","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Endogenous metalloproteinases (MMPs) lead to dentin collagen degradation when exposed to demineralizing events, such as during the cariogenic process. Quaternary ammonium compounds are known to be antibacterial, and there is also evidence for their action as a MMP inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate a quaternary ammonium-based methacrylate (dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate - DMAHDM, QAM) as an experimental adhesive, tested for bond stability and gap formation under physiologically-relevant conditions using a bioreactor system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The inhibition of MMP activity was assessed using a fluorescence-based assay, in the presence of serial concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) or QAM (n = 3). Shear storage modulus (G') was measured on demineralized dentin slices before and after incubation into the inhibitor's solutions, using a rheometer (n = 5). Collagen solubilization was quantified through hydroxyproline assay, using powdered dentin obtained from extracted human third molars (n = 6). Adhesives were formulated with BisGMA/HEMA, added of either 2 % CHX or 10 % QAM, and the degree of conversion was evaluated by near-IR (n = 6). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was assessed on restored dentin beams after storage in dH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O or bacterial challenge (n = 6). Biofilm growth and viability were tested on adhesive disks exposed to Streptococcus mutans, with biofilm growth, viability and morphology assessed through optical density, luminescence, and crystal violet staining, respectively (n = 6). Restorative procedures of simulated dental preparations involved etching, adhesive application, and composite restoration in standardized cavities, followed by biofilm challenge tests in an incubator or in a modified bioreactor system (n = 5). Epoxy replicas of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy for gap measurements and confocal laser scanning microscopy (n = 5).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Dentin disks treated with either 2 % CHX or 10 % QAM exhibited a significant increase in shear storage modulus after 72 h (p = 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively), indicating enhanced mechanical stability. The hydroxyproline assay demonstrated that both CHX and QAM effectively reduced collagen degradation, with QAM showing superior inhibition (p = 0.02). In terms of the degree of conversion, the QAM adhesive achieved significantly higher values compared to the control and CHX groups (p = &lt;.001). Biological assays showed that QAM markedly inhibited planktonic bacterial growth (p = &lt;.001), biofilm biomass (p = &lt;.001), and biofilm viability (p = &lt;.001), outperforming CHX. In the S. mutans biofilm challenge model, both 2 % CHX and 10 % QAM groups showed a significant increase in perimeter gap length, PGL (p = &lt;.001 and p = 0.039, respectively) and occlusal gap width, OGW (p = &lt;.001 for both) from initial to final measurements, although no differences were observe","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12407105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do bioactive restoratives prevent demineralization of adjacent proximal enamel? a laboratory study.","authors":"Aybuke Uslu Tekce, Ece Meral, Buse Uygunoz, Filiz Yalcin Cakir","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the preventive effect of various bioactive restorative materials on proximal enamel surfaces adjacent to approximal restorations under erosive conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty sound human proximal enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15). Each specimen was placed adjacent to an approximal restoration prepared using one of the following materials: Cention Forte (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), Equia Forte HT (GC Europe, Belgium), Beautifil II (Shofu, Japan), and Filtek Z550 (3 M ESPE, USA) as the control. All specimens were subjected to an erosive challenge by immersion in Coca-Cola for 15 min, three times daily for seven consecutive days. Surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (VHN) values were measured at baseline and after the erosive challenge using a contact profilometer and a Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Representative specimens (n = 3 per group) were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize surface changes, and were further analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine elemental composition (F, Ca, P). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surface roughness increased significantly in all groups after the erosive challenge, with Cention Forte and Equia Forte HT exhibiting significantly lower roughness values than Filtek Z550 (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in microhardness was observed in all groups except for Equia Forte HT when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Specimens adjacent to the resin composite showed a greater decrease in microhardness compared to those in contact with Equia Forte HT and Cention Forte (p < 0.05). EDS analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in elemental composition among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to resin composite, bioactive materials such as Equia Forte HT and Cention Forte demonstrated greater potential in preserving the integrity of proximal enamel adjacent to approximal restorations under erosive conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical influence of residual lateral wall thickness and resin reinforcement on the performance of endocrowns in premolars.","authors":"Ziting Zheng, Wenhui Li, Xiaoyan Yan, Wei Zhong, Yuting Zeng, Ping Xiao, Jiayao Mo, Wenjuan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Restoring endodontically treated premolars (ETPMs) with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities poses clinical challenges due to reduced coronal thickness and heightened fracture risk. Despite advances in adhesive dentistry, the biomechanical effects of residual lateral wall (RLW) thickness and composite resin reinforcement on the performance of ceramic endocrowns in ETPMs remain underdefined. This study aims to evaluate how RLW thickness and resin reinforcement influence fracture resistance, stress distribution, and failure modes in ETPMs restored with ceramic endocrowns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two human maxillary premolars underwent endodontic treatment and MOD cavity preparation, followed by randomization into 2 groups. Group A (control) included teeth preserved at specific RLW thicknesses of 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1.0 mm. Group B (test) comprised specimens with an initial 1.0 mm RLW, which were reinforced with 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm composite resin to form subgroups B-1.5, B-2.0, and B-2.5 (corresponding to total RLW thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and 2.5 mm, respectively). All specimens were restored with CAD/CAM ceramic endocrowns, subjected to thermocycling, and underwent load-to-failure testing. Fractographic analysis was performed on fractured specimens to characterize failure modes. 3D FEA was conducted to evaluate stress distribution and tooth deformation under occlusal loading, while Weibull analysis was incorporated with FEA data to predict long-term failure probabilities. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group A, fracture load varied significantly with RLW thickness (P < 0.05), with 2.5 mm RLWs showing the highest resistance and 1.0 mm the lowest. FEA confirmed that Group A-1.0 mm displayed the most pronounced stress concentration and the highest failure probability. Among subgroups with equivalent total wall thickness across Groups A and B, Group B showed higher fracture loads than Group A (except Group B-2.5 mm), though no statistical significance (P > 0.05); stress values and distribution patterns were comparable between corresponding subgroups. Within Group B, subgroup B-2.0 displayed the highest fracture resistance, followed by B-1.5, while B-2.5 was 24 % lower than B-2.0 mm. Notably, Group B-2.5 mm exhibited the highest maximum principal stress. Failure mode analysis indicated that Type III failure was predominant across most experimental groups. Fractographic analysis showed that specimens in Group B had a greater number of cracks in the tooth tissue above the cementoenamel junction, particularly adjacent to the composite resin, compared to Group A.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RLW thickness influences endocrown fracture resistance and stress distribution in ETPMs. Composite reinforcement effectively enhances the biomechanical performance for thin RLWs. These findings guide clinical strat","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining bonding interfaces: UV photofunctionalization, a novel physicochemical approach, unlocks titanium and cement adhesive potential","authors":"Keiji Komatsu ,&nbsp;Toshikatsu Suzumura ,&nbsp;Eri Komatsu ,&nbsp;Takanori Matsuura ,&nbsp;Rune Shibata ,&nbsp;Yukako Kusunoki ,&nbsp;Justin Choi ,&nbsp;Takahiro Ogawa","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Mechanical roughening and chemical priming are conventional techniques to improve material bonding, but they come with inherent limitations. This study aimed to investigate a novel physicochemical approach—UV photofunctionalization—to enhance bonding performance between titanium and glass ionomer cement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Shear bond strength tests were conducted using Grade 4 commercially pure titanium and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Both smooth, machined titanium surfaces and gritblast-roughened surfaces were evaluated, with and without 1-min UV photofunctionalization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UV photofunctionalization reduced the surface carbon content of titanium from over 35 % to 20 % and transformed the surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. This physicochemical alteration significantly enhanced bonding properties. On machined surfaces, UV treatment increased yield strength and elastic modulus by up to 4-fold, and interfacial energy by over 9-fold. The effect of UV treatment was comparable to, and in some aspects exceeded, the effect of grit-blasting. When UV photofunctionalization was applied to grit-blasted surfaces, further improvements were observed—yield strength and elastic modulus increased by 2-fold, and interfacial energy by approximately 3-fold. The synergistic application of both surface roughening and UV photofunctionalization resulted in a 7-fold increase in yield strength and up to a 19-fold increase in interfacial energy compared to the untreated machined surface. Post-shear analyses revealed significant cement remnants on the UV-treated titanium, indicating that actual interfacial bonding may have been even stronger than the measured values suggest.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>UV photofunctionalization for a minute provides a powerful, non-invasive physicochemical surface modification method that significantly improves the bonding between titanium and resin-modified glass ionomer cement without altering surface morphology. This strategy represents a paradigm shift in resin-modified glass ionomer cement-titanium adhesion by enhancing interfacial compatibility and energy, offering a promising alternative to traditional mechanical or chemical surface modification techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 11","pages":"Pages 1478-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and physico-mechanical properties of a universal adhesive loaded with L-arginine-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ArgC18@MSNs)","authors":"Daniel Jiménez-Díez ,&nbsp;Paloma Fernández-García ,&nbsp;Francisco Navas ,&nbsp;Victoria Morales ,&nbsp;Raúl Sanz ,&nbsp;Rafael A. García-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Matilde Ruiz-Linares ,&nbsp;Carmen María Ferrer-Luque ,&nbsp;Alessandro D. Loguercio ,&nbsp;Victoria Fuentes ,&nbsp;Laura Ceballos","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of adding L-arginine-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ArgC18@MSNs) to a commercial universal adhesive for anti-caries purposes, focusing on antimicrobial/physico-mechanical properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>ArgC18@MSNs were synthesized using N-oleoyl-L-arginine as a drug-structure-directing agent and characterized by TEM, N₂ adsorption–desorption, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DLS. Drug release was monitored by UV–Vis for 7 days. Nanoparticles (2 wt% and 5 wt%) were incorporated into a universal adhesive and its original version served as control. Antimicrobial activity against a dental plaque-derived polymicrobial suspension was assessed by adenosine triphosphate quantification (ATP; adhered/planktonic microorganisms after 4/6 weeks) and confocal laser scanning microscopy assay (CLSM; intact adhered microorganisms after 3 weeks). Physico-mechanical properties analyzed included: degree of conversion (DC), Vickers microhardness (VHN), softening in ethanol (SE); water sorption (Wsp), solubility (Wsl), and mass change (MC) after 7 days and 4 months; ultimate tensile strength (UTS), flexural strength (FS), and elastic modulus (E) after 24 h and 4 months. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis/ANOVA (α=0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spherical nanoparticles (126 nm) showed progressive drug release. 5 wt% ArgC18@MSNs adhesive reduced planktonic and intact adhered microorganisms (ATP/CLSM), with no impact on adhered microorganisms (ATP). Nanoparticles did not alter DC, VHN, MC, UTS, or FS; however, 2 wt% reduced Wsp, 5 wt% decreased SE and increased E and both lowered Wsl. Water storage increased Wsl, UTS, FS, and E, regardless of concentration.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Adding ArgC18@MSNs to a commercial universal adhesive at 5 wt% enhances its antimicrobial activity against a microbial consortium while preserving its physico-mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 11","pages":"Pages 1465-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human gingival fibroblast responses to additively and subtractively manufactured zirconia: An in vitro study.","authors":"Yun Ma, Yan-di Xie, Zi-Yi Chen, Chang-Yuan Zhang, Hao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the biological responses of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to zirconia fabricated via three additive manufacturing (AM) technologies - stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and material jetting (MJ) - with horizontal (0°) and vertical (90°) build orientations, in comparison with conventional subtractive manufacturing (SM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Square zirconia specimens (8 × 8 × 0.8 mm) were fabricated using SLA, DLP, and MJ (0° and 90° orientations), and SM. Surface properties were characterized via field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle (WCA) measurements, and protein adsorption assays. HGF responses, including cell cytotoxicity, viability, proliferation, morphology, adhesion, and migration, were evaluated. The differences in gene expression profiles of HGFs on MJ90, DLP90, and SM surfaces were investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All AM-fabricated zirconia demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. Vertically oriented MJ90 and DLP90 surfaces displayed anisotropic textures characterized by lamellae or parallel bands, which guided HGF alignment along a uniform axis. HGFs on MJ90 surfaces demonstrated the fastest directional migration (91.60 ± 1.19 % at 12 h), followed by DLP90 (78.52 ± 2.86 % at 12 h), and exhibited the highest cell adhesion density (386.11 ± 18.01 cells/field at 24 h) (P < 0.05). RNA-Seq analysis revealed upregulation of soft-tissue-related genes in MJ90 and DLP90 compared to SM control, with MJ90 demonstrating a greater number of differentially expressed genes than DLP90.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>AM technologies, particularly MJ and DLP with vertical orientations, generate anisotropic surfaces that enhance HGF alignment, adhesion, and migration. These findings highlight the potential of AM-fabricated zirconia to improve soft-tissue integration in dental prostheses, offering superior outcomes compared to conventional SM techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical properties and microstructure of CAD/CAM silicate glass-ceramics with different levels of translucency","authors":"Hanna S. Dettlinger ,&nbsp;Florian Fuchs ,&nbsp;Hieronymus Hoelzig ,&nbsp;Johann Dörschner ,&nbsp;Joanne J.E. Choi ,&nbsp;Paul Kemmesies ,&nbsp;Elena Günther ,&nbsp;Andreas Koenig","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to analyze the optical properties of current CAD/CAM silicate glass-ceramics and the context of their structural properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Different glass-ceramics (VITABLOCS Mark II, Nice, Celtra Duo, IPS e.max CAD) were prepared at the manufacturer-specific translucency level (LT/MT/HT/O2/O1) in disc form (0.5/1.0/1.5 mm thickness) and examined via a benchtop spectrophotometer (X-Rite Ci76000). <em>TP</em>_<em>ab</em>, <em>TP</em>_<em>00</em> (translucency), the <em>CR (contrast ratio)</em>, <em>ΔE</em>_<em>00</em> (masking ability), <em>OP</em>_<em>RT</em> (opalescence) and <em>FL</em> (fluorescence) were calculated. The microstructure was analyzed via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>With increasing sample thickness, <em>TP</em>_<em>ab</em> and <em>TP</em>_<em>00</em> decreased, and the <em>CR</em> increased. IPS e.max CAD showed the highest (Emax_O1) and lowest (Emax_LT) translucencies. Thickness had no clear effect on <em>ΔE</em>_<em>00</em>, <em>OP</em>_<em>RT</em> or <em>FL</em>. Emax_O1/O2 generally presented very high <em>OP</em>_<em>RT</em> and <em>FL</em> values. All the ceramics had different phase components and glass contents. The glass content of MarkII was the highest, and that of Nice_LT/HT was the lowest. The translucency increased within a particular product line (Nice, Celtra or Emax) with increasing glass content. No correlation between the glass content and optical properties was observed between the different glass-ceramics MarkII, Nice, Celtra and Emax. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the crystallite shape/size and optical properties.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>To match dental restorations with the aesthetics of natural teeth, knowledge of the optical properties of glass-ceramics is important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 11","pages":"Pages 1454-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise of advanced bioactive restorative materials: Are they redefining operative dentistry?","authors":"Salvatore Sauro ,&nbsp;Ricardo M. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Jack Ferracane","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article proposed specific functional characteristics for developing groundbreaking Advanced Bioactive Restorative Adhesive Materials – “ABRAM” and how they could redefine the future of operative dentistry. It emphasised their capacity, particularly when used with biomimetic agents, to enhance dentine remineralisation, seal the resin–dentine interface and possibly extend the longevity of dental restorations. Their potential antibacterial properties and pulp biofunctionality were also discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The literature analysis focused on experimental and commercial “bioactive” restorative materials, including ion-releasing resin-based materials (e.g., adhesives and composites), as well as bioactive fillers such as bioactive glasses, tailored calcium phosphates, and silicates. It emphasised studies assessing remineralisation potential, interfacial sealing, antibacterial, and bioreductive dentine regeneration properties.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Many dental materials release ions and have temporary antibacterial effects, but few show 'bioactive effects' like inducing mineral deposition, restoring collagen, and providing prolonged antibacterial and bioinductive properties for pulp cells, which help dentine formation or pulp vitality. Current restorative methods fail to effectively remineralise demineralised dentine, repair gaps, or prevent secondary caries. 'Bioactive' materials essentially perform like conventional ones, with little evidence of better outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Innovative ABRAM with antibacterial, remineralising properties, as well as pulp biofunctionality should be developed to improve dental restoration durability. No restorative material on the market can be classified as bioactive. Indeed, the clinical use of “bioactive” materials is limited by a lack of evidence, and unclear effects. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to connect laboratory innovation with clinical practice, allowing the dental community to benefit from ABRAM.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Integrating innovative ABRAM and biomimetic analogues of remineralisation may offer the potential for minimally invasive and longer-lasting biologically-driven restorative treatments. Establishing accepted definitions and in vitro and in vivo methodologies for bioactivity assessment is crucial for validating the therapeutic claims of these materials and supporting their evidence-based adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 11","pages":"Pages 1411-1429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-strength DLP-printed zirconia for ultra-thin dental veneers","authors":"Wuyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinxing Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Ding ,&nbsp;Sadia Manzoor ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Jiaming Bai ,&nbsp;James K.H. Tsoi","doi":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dental.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To evaluate the feasibility of utilizing Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D-printing technology to fabricate ultra-thin (0.1–0.7 mm) zirconia dental veneers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A high-load (80 wt%) 3Y-zirconia slurry (5 Pa·s at a shear rate of 30 s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) was used to print zirconia green bodies with a custom-made DLP 3D-printer (405 nm UV light and X/Y plane resolution of 70 μm). Flexural strengths of green bodies and fully sintered zirconia printed in two orientations (0º and 90º) were evaluated using three-point bending (3PB) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) tests, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the microstructure and crystalline phases of the sintered specimens. A commercial 3Y-zirconia (UPCERA MT) was used as a control for comparison with the best-performing DLP-printed specimens. XRD and SEM were used to assess low-temperature degradation (LTD) after artificial aging (autoclave, 5 hr). Transparency of the sintered DLP-printed and conventional zirconia at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses was measured using a desktop spectrophotometer (400–700 nm). Resin-zirconia bonding performance was evaluated via shear bond strength (SBS) testing and failure mode analysis. SBS was measured between a self-adhesive dual-curing resin cement and the surface of sintered zirconia specimens. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and Schwickerath three-point bending strength (τ&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;) were measured to evaluate porcelain-zirconia compatibility. Ultra-thin (0.1–0.7 mm) dental restorations were fabricated to demonstrate the practical potential application of this novel zirconia printing approach.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The 3PB flexural strength of green bodies printed at 0º (21.35 ± 2.19 MPa) was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than at 90º (16.98 ± 1.68 MPa). The BFS of sintered zirconia printed at 0º (1040.33 ± 236.70 MPa) was also significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than at 90º (685.91 ± 139.10 MPa). Sintered specimens printed at 0º exhibited an average grain size of 440 nm and a tetragonal phase. After artificial aging, the DLP-printed group exhibited superior resistance to LTD, with a lower monoclinic phase content (40.78 %) compared to the commercial zirconia group (72.51 %). DLP-printed zirconia exhibited lower transparency than commercial zirconia at both 0.5 mm (23.22 ± 1.55 % vs. 35.67 ± 0.14 %) and 1.0 mm (12.04 ± 1.45 % vs. 28.06 ± 0.25 %) thicknesses. Although the commercial zirconia group showed higher average SBS (10.77 ± 5.10 MPa), the difference was not statistically significant compared to the DLP-printed group (10.26 ± 5.91 MPa). Adhesive failure was the predominant failure mode in both groups. CTE of DLP-printed zirconia (10.56 ×10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt;/ºC) was comparable to conventional zirconia (10.50 ×10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt;/ºC). The τ&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt; of DLP-printed zirconia (26.37 ± 2.37 MPa) was significan","PeriodicalId":298,"journal":{"name":"Dental Materials","volume":"41 11","pages":"Pages 1430-1441"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}