Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Protective Effect of a Polyherbal Formulation (Cardojith) Against Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension and Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signalling.","authors":"Ratheesh M, Sheethal S, Svenia P Jose, Sindhu A, Pramod C, Sandya S","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05905-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05905-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension remains a critical contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, driven largely by angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertrophic remodelling. Although polyherbal formulations are valued for their multitargeted actions, systematic evidence at the cellular level is important. Thus, the present study explored the protective effects of a polyherbal formulation (Cardojith (CJ)) against Ang II-induced hypertensive injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. H9c2 cells were exposed to Ang II with or without CJ treatment. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, while oxidative stress parameters (ROS, TBARS, SOD, CAT) and hypertrophic/inflammatory mediators (ANP, BNP, IL-6, TNF-α) were quantified. Gene expression of AT1R, NF-κB, and COX-2 was evaluated by RT-PCR, and p38 MAPK activation was analysed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was evaluated using AO/EtBr fluorescence staining. Ang II triggered a pathological phenotype characterized by reduced cell viability, increased ROS and lipid peroxidation, and diminished antioxidant enzyme activity. These biochemical changes coincided with elevated ANP, BNP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and increased apoptotic cell death. At the molecular level, Ang II significantly upregulated AT1R, NF-κB, and COX-2 expression and enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, confirming activation of pro-hypertrophic and inflammatory pathways. In contrast, CJ treatment attenuated these alterations by restoring antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing ROS, TBARS and apoptotic cell death, while normalizing ANP and BNP levels. Importantly, CJ downregulated AT1R, NF-κB, and COX-2 and inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation, underscoring its capacity to modulate key signalling pathways. Therefore, Cardojith exerts its potent cardioprotective and antihypertensive effects by simultaneously attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and hypertrophic signalling. These findings highlight its therapeutic potential as a multitargeted phytomedicine for managing hypertension-associated cardiac complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Novel Niosome-Encapsulated 2,5-Diketopiperazine (BHPPD): Synthesis, Formulation, and Anti-breast Cancer Activity.","authors":"Hedieh Ghourchian, Renzon Daniel Cosme Pecho, Maryam Karimi-Dehkordi, Aynaz Mazandarani, Ghazal Ghajari, Tohid Piri-Gharaghie","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05907-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05907-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of ZnO NPs Against Oral Infection-Associated Pathogens: A Review of Activity Enhancement via Different Modifications.","authors":"Abdullah M AlShumrani, Azzah Owayimer Alhazmi, Bandar Saud Shukr, Amal Adnan Ashour","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05906-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05906-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral infections remain a significant global health concern and are primarily associated with pathogenic microorganisms that contribute to dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, and oral candidiasis. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the limitations of conventional antimicrobial agents have stimulated the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness. ZnO NPs exhibit potent antimicrobial effects against a wide range of oral pathogens through multiple mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that the antimicrobial performance of ZnO NPs can be significantly enhanced through modifications such as particle size reduction, morphology control, metal doping, surface functionalization, and incorporation into composite materials. These modifications improve microbial interactions, increase surface reactivity, and enhance overall antimicrobial efficacy against oral infection-associated microorganisms. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the antimicrobial activities of ZnO NPs against microorganisms associated with oral infections. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of various modification strategies, including size-dependent effects, metal-ion doping, polymer incorporation, and hybrid nanocomposite formation, on antimicrobial performance. The underlying mechanisms responsible for enhanced antimicrobial activity are also summarized. We hope that this review will provide a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the development of advanced ZnO NP-based antimicrobial materials for the prevention and treatment of oral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Temporal Accumulation Pattern of Anthocyanins From Dynamic Expression of Purple aleurone1 Gene in Blue- and Red-kernel Maize Breeding Lines.","authors":"Gaurav Sharma, Rashmi Chhabra, Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare, Subhra Jyotshna Mishra, Hriipulou Duo, Amitkumar Dilipbhai Kyada, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Jayanthi Madhavan, Vignesh Muthusamy, Firoz Hossain","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05895-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05895-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purple aleurone1 (Pr1) gene plays vital role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize kernel. Here, accumulation pattern of anthocyanins and expression of Pr1 gene were analyzed during three kernel developmental stages (KDS) viz., 15, 30, and 45 days after pollination (DAP) among three wild-type (Pr1Pr1) and three mutant (pr1pr1) maize inbreds. Inbreds with dominant Pr1 allele produced blue-kernel, while inbreds with recessive pr1 allele possessed red-kernel. Total anthocyanin (TA) ranged from 36.5 to 514.2 ppm. Across genotypes, TA during 15 DAP was 59.2 ppm, while it increased to 205.4 ppm and 357.6 ppm at 30 and 45 DAP, respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), cyanidin 3-(6´´-malonylglucoside) (C3MG), cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (C3DG), pelargonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) and peonidin-3-glucoside (Pn3G) were components of anthocyanins. Of these, C3G (60%) was the major anthocyanin in blue-kernel, followed by C3MG (15%), C3DG (10%), P3G (10%), and Pn3G (5%). In red-kernel inbreds, P3G (69%) was the predominant fraction, followed by Pn3G (8%), C3G (11%), C3DG (7%) and C3MG (5%). Across KDS, transcript levels of Pr1 were ~ 53-fold higher over recessive pr1. The highest expression of Pr1 was observed at 30 DAP, whereas the lowest expression was recorded at 15 DAP. Transcript levels of Pr1 were positively correlated with TA (r = 0.49), C3G (r = 0.67), C3MG (r = 0.74), C3DG (r = 0.29) and Pn3G (r = 0.32), while negative association was observed with P3G (r= -0.29). Information generated here provided insight into the regulation of anthocyanins in maize kernel. This study elucidates the temporal expression dynamics of Pr1 gene with accumulation of anthocyanins at different stages of kernel development in maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Osteoprotective Potential of Holoptelia integrefolia through Multitarget Modulation of Bone Metabolic Pathways.","authors":"Neha Verma, Apurva Prajapati, Shilpa Kumari, Hitesh D Patel, Kanu Priya","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05888-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05888-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone fragility and reduced bone mass are hallmarks of osteoporosis, which is characterized by microarchitectural deterioration. The anti-osteoporotic properties of fraction F1, which was separated from Holoptelea integrifolia, were evaluated in the present study using MG 63 osteoblastic cells. Analysis using GC-MS to find the bioactive components in fraction F1. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization assays, and in silico validation using molecular simulations to target the important osteoporotic proteins BMP2 and CCR2 were among the assays used to measure biological activity. It was discovered that cell viability increased with increasing concentrations, and the MG-63 cells had strong cytocompatibility and proliferation ability. Specifically, at 48 h, MTT-derived metabolic activity ranged from 72.48% of the untreated control at 1 µg/mL to 132.57% at 320 µg/mL, with the first concentration exceeding the untreated-control value observed at 20 µg/mL. Further, the ALP activity increased slightly from 0.611 to 0.615 U/mL at 7 days and from 0.616 to 0.620 U/mL at 14 days. The assay also showed slightly higher optical density at 14 days compared to the control, indicating increased calcium deposition. The main phytoconstituents in fraction F1 demonstrated strong binding affinity to BMP2 and CCR2 proteins in molecular docking tests, indicating positive outcomes in interacting with different osteogenic and inflammatory pathways. The molecular docking results were validated using 100 ns molecular simulations, which demonstrated that the complexes generated could bind. Therefore, the aforementioned findings clearly demonstrate that fraction F1 has potential for osteoblast differentiation, mineralization, and proliferation through protein interactions, indicating promising outcomes for its development as an anti-osteoporotic agent in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Lipid-Enriched and Ethanolic Garlic Extracts on DMBA-Induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Mice.","authors":"Abdallah Saif Abdelaziz, Magdy M Youssef, Manar Refaat","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05881-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05881-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Garlic (Allium sativum) contains bioactive components with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory constituents with potential anticancer activity. We aimed to compare a petroleum-ether garlic extract (PEGE) versus an ethanolic garlic extract (EGE) in a DMBA-induced murine hepatic carcinogenesis model. Fresh garlic was extracted with petroleum ether or ethanol and chemically characterized by GC-MS. PEGE was enriched in long-chain fatty acids/derivatives, while EGE contained both lipids and more polar constituents. Male Swiss albino mice received DMBA and were assigned to concurrent (DMBA + extract) or post-DMBA (DMBA → extract) regimens; extract-only and vehicle groups served as toxicity controls. Biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, AFP), oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH), inflammatory signaling (NF-κB by ELISA), apoptosis (caspase-3 gene expression by qPCR), proliferation (PCNA by flow cytometry), and histopathological changes (H&E staining) were evaluated. Extract-only showed no significant differences compared to control groups, indicating no overt toxicity. DMBA administration resulted in significant hepatic injury, evidenced by elevated liver enzymes and AFP, increased lipid peroxidation and NF-κB levels, depleted GSH, enhanced cellular proliferation, and severe histopathological alterations. Across endpoints, the post-DMBA PEGE regimen produced the largest overall normalization, followed by EGE. Post-treatment outperforming concurrent dosing for both extracts. Histology aligned the biochemical trends, showing reduced necrosis, inflammation, vascular congestion, and dysplastic changes in treated groups. Both garlic extracts showed hepatoprotective effects in this preclinical model; they were well tolerated and mitigated DMBA-induced injury, with PEGE given after DMBA yielding the strongest biochemical, molecular, and histopathological improvements. Chemical differences between the lipid-rich PEGE and the more polar EGE likely contribute to their differential efficacy and merit further standardization and mechanistic study.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Burn Wound Healing Effects of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Alcoholic Extract of Peucedanum officinale.","authors":"Mohammad Moein Mesbahzadeh, Mehdi Musa Zade, Shima Mortezaei Nejad Meymand, Pegah Kavousinia, Pouria Mohammadparast-Tabas, Ali Yousefinia, Mohammad Sadra Harifi-Mood, Seyedeh Tarlan Mirzohreh, Mahdi Honarbakhsh, Majid Zare-Bidaki","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05898-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05898-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burn wounds remain a significant clinical challenge due to delayed tissue regeneration and the high risk of microbial infections. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using medicinal plant extracts have emerged as promising candidates for wound management; however, the potential of Peucedanum officinale-mediated silver nanoparticles for burn wound healing has not been extensively investigated. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an alcoholic extract of P. officinale seeds (Ag@POS NPs), and their physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties were evaluated. The synthesis process was optimized based on silver nitrate concentration, reaction time, and temperature. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and EDS analyses. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline structure of Ag nanoparticles, while FTIR analysis indicated the involvement of plant-derived functional groups in nanoparticle formation and stabilization. Morphological analysis revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 20-30 nm. The antimicrobial activity of Ag@POS NPs demonstrated effective inhibition and elimination of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as Candida albicans. Moreover, Ag@POS NPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity, achieving 91% DPPH radical inhibition at 800 µg/mL. In a rat burn wound model, topical application of Ag@POS NPs significantly enhanced wound closure compared with control groups, which was further supported by histopathological findings indicating improved tissue regeneration. Overall, the findings demonstrate that green-synthesized Ag@POS NPs possess multifunctional antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, highlighting their potential as a promising therapeutic nanomaterial for burn wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Covalent Active Mixing as a Viable Alternative to Covalent Conjugation for the Intracellular Delivery of Biologics: The Case of Glucarpidase.","authors":"Yasaman Behzadipour, Shiva Hemmati","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05900-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05900-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucarpidase or carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) is an antidote for methotrexate (MTX) toxicity, but cannot penetrate cellular membranes. This study aims to clear intracellular MTX reservoirs and inhibit the MTX rebound effect. Therefore, two intracellular drug delivery approaches using the Tat-penetrating peptide, in the form of a Tat-CPG2 covalent conjugate and a Tat: CPG2 non-covalent complex, were compared. The native cpg2 gene from Pseudomonas sp. and the plasmid encoding tat-cpg2 conjugate were heterologously expressed in E. coli and purified using Ni-NTA. Tat: CPG2 complexes were formed by mixing 1 µM purified CPG2 with 0.5-80 µM Tat peptide. The HEK-293 cells were treated with both formulations to compare transduction efficiency by intracellular enzyme activity measurements at 320 nm and functional rescue of cells using 1-100 µM MTX. Molecular docking by ClusPro 2.0 revealed a distinct anionic patch on CPG2, facilitating electrostatic interactions through several salt bridges with the cationic Tat peptide. The highest transduction efficacy of the complex was observed at a Tat: CPG2 ratio of 20:1. While both formulations successfully delivered functional CPG2 into the cells, Tat-CPG2 conjugate displayed higher intracellular specific activity and retention, reaching approximately 2.6 ± 0.3 U/mg at 60 min compared with 1.9 ± 0.25 U/mg for the complex. In cytotoxicity assays, both forms protected HEK-293 cells from MTX; however, the conjugate provided statistically superior viability (94.8% vs. 68.5%) at high MTX concentrations (100 µM). While covalent conjugation remains the gold standard for maximal potency and stability, non-covalent complexation offers a rapid and cost-effective alternative for intracellular protein delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and Functional Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Strain 55-7 as a Dual-Function Bioinoculant for Fungal Biocontrol and Enhancing Sweet Corn Seedling Growth Under Reduced Fertilizer Input.","authors":"Yusuf Ibrahim Sadisu, Koonsirin Buraphan, Jiraporn Jirakkakul, Saengchai Akeprathumchai, Chatsuda Sakdapetsiri, Paripok Phitsuwan, Lakha Salaipeth","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05893-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05893-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal pathogens and unsustainable fertilizer use pose a threat to global food security, driving demand for eco-friendly alternatives to conventional disease management and crop fertilization. This study characterizes Bacillus subtilis strain 55-7, isolated from a saline hot spring in Krabi, Thailand, as a dual-function bioinoculant for sustainable plant cultivation. Laboratory assays demonstrated potent antifungal activity against Curvularia lunata (91.9% by volatile organic compounds and 49.1% by confrontation assay) and multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and IAA synthesis. In greenhouse trials, combining strain 55-7 with 50% reduced N-P-K fertilizer enhanced sweet corn shoot biomass by 2.9-fold and root length by 70.8% compared to the control, matching full-fertilizer performance. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 4,324 genes within a 4.06 Mb genome, and ten biosynthetic gene clusters with low similarity (16-73%) to known antimicrobial pathways, suggesting novel or uncharacterized variants of the secondary metabolites. These findings position B. subtilis strain 55-7 as a promising bioinoculant for integrated crop management, reducing chemical inputs while maintaining productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated in Vitro and in Silico Investigation of Antimicrobial, Anti-biofilm, and Quorum-Sensing Inhibitory Activities of Allium atroviolaceum Bulb Extract.","authors":"Khulood Fahad Alabbosh, Mejdi Snoussi, Manal Mohammed Alzahrani, Qusai Alsenani, Karim Hosni, Mamdouh Alshammari, Ozgur Ceylan, Abdullah Hamoud Mohsen Alkhiyari, Mongi Saoudi, Emira Noumi, Adel Kadri","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05890-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05890-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the persistence of biofilm-associated and quorum-sensing-mediated infections represent major public health challenges, highlighting the need for new anti-infective agents from natural sources. In this context, Allium atroviolaceum is recognized for its culinary and medicinal uses, remains relatively underexplored with respect to its anti-virulence potential, despite biological activities previously attributed to its organosulfur and phenolic constituents. In this study, ethanolic Allium atroviolaceum bulb extract (EAABE) was investigated for its antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing (QS) activities. HR-LCMS analysis tentatively annotated 19 metabolites, including organic acids, phenolics, triterpenoids, fatty acids, glycosides, alkaloids, sphingolipids, steroid derivatives, and peptide-type compounds. EAABE demonstrated moderate antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 6.00 to 7.33 mm and MIC values between 0.292 and 2.343 mg/mL. In contrast, a relatively enhanced antifungal activity was observed, with inhibition zones of 12.67-15.00 mm and MIC values of 0.292-0.585 mg/mL. The extract also inhibited biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, achieving up to a 56.91% reduction, while swarming motility was reduced by up to 64.13%. In addition, EAABE significantly attenuated QS-regulated virulence traits in a concentration-dependent manner. Violacein production was reduced by 67-86% at concentrations of 250-1000 µg/mL, whereas swarming motility was inhibited by 29 to 64% at 50-100 µg/mL. Similarly, pyocyanin production and extracellular proteases activity were reduced by 67-90% and 29-46%, respectively, across the concentration range of 250-1000 µg/mL. Molecular docking analysis predicted favorable binding affinities for several tentatively annotated metabolites, ranging from - 7.9 to - 12.4 kcal/mol, with Gravelliferone, Americine, and (2'S)-Deoxymyxol 2'-α-L-fucoside as compounds with favorable predicted binding affinities toward the selected targets. These interactions were further supported by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. ADMET predictions and DFT calculations provided further insights into the physicochemical, predicted pharmacokinetic, and electronic properties of the tentatively annotated metabolites. Overall, the findings indicate that EAABE exhibits promising in vitro antimicrobial and anti-virulence activities; however, further isolation of individual constituents, experimental validation, and mechanistic investigations are needed to clarify the specific contribution of each metabolite to the observed effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}