Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Dielectric-Modulated Nanogap Engineered AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT: A High-Performance Platform for Neutral and Charged Biomolecule Detection.","authors":"Yashwant Singh, Neeraj Gupta, Nisha Charaya, Vinay Kanungo","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05908-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05908-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents a dielectric-modulated AlGaN/GaN Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor (MOSHEMT) biosensor incorporating an embedded nanocavity positioned adjacent to the drain, designed for sensing biomolecules that are either neutral or carry a net charge. Device behaviour is simulated using the Silvaco ATLAS framework with advanced physical models to accurately capture electrostatic and carrier transport phenomena. Neutral biomolecules are modelled through their dielectric permittivity, whereas charged biomolecules are represented by both their dielectric constant and specified surface charge densities (ρ, in cm⁻²) at the nanocavity interface. Sensitivity is assessed using the threshold voltage (V_th) shift and the fluctuation of the drain current (I_D), with reference cases being air (ε = 1) and a charge-neutral state (ρ = 0). Among all neutral analytes, keratin exhibited the highest sensitivity, while negatively charged biomolecules demonstrated greater modulation of device characteristics compared to positively charged ones. Detailed analysis of energy band diagrams (EBDs), channel potential profiles, transconductance, and channel conductance confirms the influence of both dielectric and charge modulation on device performance. The implication of the Al mole fraction and cavity length variations on device performance is also systematically analyzed, revealing their role in enhancing electrostatic control and sensitivity. The proposed architecture achieves significant improvements in sensing metrics compared to reported GaN-based biosensors, underscoring its efficacy as a high-sensitivity, platform for next-generation biomedical detection applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effects of a CCR3 Antagonist and SP-A Eosinophil Suppressor Tetrapeptide-Transduced Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Allergic Asthma.","authors":"Ming Zhu, Yunqing Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05892-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05892-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic asthma (AA) is a consequential global health challenge immunologically characterized by type 2 inflammatory responses and no definite treatment, demanding novel therapeutic strategies. Eosinophils are the main orchestration of AA, whose recruitment and activation depends on C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3). Genetically engineered stem cells present enhanced therapeutic efficacy and a compelling strategy to control diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of a CCR3 antagonist and genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on AA progression in mice models. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and transduced by SP-A and RGDS genes. Mice with induced AA were treated with the CCR3 antagonist and modified MSCs, and then pathologic features, including AHR, percentage of eosinophil in BALF, levels of SOD and CAT (oxidative stress biomarkers), total and OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33, as well as histopathology of the lung for peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, hyperplasia of the goblet cells, and overproduction of mucus were assessed. SP-A and RGDS transduced MSCs combined with the CCR3 antagonist effectively reverted AHR, eosinophil infiltration into BALF, elevation of IgE and Th2 cytokines, and histopathological derangements associated with AA, along with enhanced activity of CAT and SOD. Altogether, genetically modified MSCs in combination with a CCR3 antagonist could control AA progression biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Effects of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Hesperetin for the Treatment of Psoriasis: Evidence from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis Mouse Model.","authors":"Chintan R Khunt, Deepti K Jani","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05920-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05920-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a persistent, immune-driven inflammatory skin disorder impacting an estimated 125 million individuals globally. The pursuit of effective and safe treatments at affordable costs remains an ongoing challenge. Phytochemicals show promise due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Phytochemicals 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and hesperetin (HST) exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory properties in cells; however, their low oral bioavailability in the blood compromises their therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of GA and HST in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model. The results demonstrated that GA and HST synergistically inhibited nitric oxide production at a 1:1 concentration ratio in vitro. The combination also reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells more effectively than either compound alone. Compared with either treatment alone, the combination of these two compounds significantly reduced the PASI scores, spleen index, Baker's histology score, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, and TNF-α in the IMQ-induced psoriasis mouse model. Moreover, this combination also significantly upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The anti-psoriatic effects of this combination are comparable to the reference drug methotrexate. This research provides a rationale for the combination of GA and HST as an effective anti-psoriatic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel GH26 β-Mannanase from Bacillus subtilis HM7 Producing Manno-Oligosaccharides with Strain-Specific Prebiotic Activity","authors":"Kornwarin Chumnankul,&nbsp;Nichada Apaphant,&nbsp;Nattanicha Tribamrung,&nbsp;Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon,&nbsp;Karan Wangpaiboon,&nbsp;Weerapong Woraprayote,&nbsp;Wonnop Visessanguan,&nbsp;Rath Pichyangkura","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05934-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05934-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) produced from the hydrolysis of mannan by β-mannanase, demonstrate several beneficial properties, such as prebiotic and modulation of tight junction activity. In this study, two novel GH26 β-mannanases, MAN26HM7/A and MAN26HM7/B, from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> HM7 were cloned and expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 (DE3). The optimal pH and temperature of MAN26HM7/A and MAN26HM7/B were pH 5.0 and 40 °C, and pH 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The β-mannanases from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> HM7 exhibited different MOS product patterns from DP2-DP6 oligo-mannose. MAN26HM7/A and MAN26HM7/B preferentially hydrolyzed substrates with more than five mannose residues. The amino acid residues, A146, F65, and H331 surrounding the active sites of MAN26HM7/A and MAN26HM7/B were compared with those of other β-mannanases from <i>Bacillus</i> species. These amino acid differences may be responsible for altered substrate binding, substrate specificity, and hydrolytic product pattern of MAN26HM7/A and MAN26HM7/B. MOS produced from konjac, copra meal and green coffee bean by MAN26HM7, MAN26HM7/A, and MAN26HM7/B were tested for prebiotic activity. MOS produced from coffee bean hydrolyzed by MAN26HM7/B exhibited the highest prebiotic activity score on <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> GG (ATCC 53103). This study provides an understanding of the characteristics, hydrolysis pattern of the novel GH26 β-mannanases, and the application of these novel GH26 β-mannanase for prebiotic production from agricultural products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"8600 - 8618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOC4L: An Emerging Dual-Action Target for Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy.","authors":"Hai Bai, Wanqing Xu, Guozheng Wei, Yue Cao, Mingming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05931-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05931-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nucleolar complex associated 4 homolog (NOC4L) is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases and has been reported to play a role in tumorigenesis. However, its diagnostic and prognostic significance across diverse cancer types remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed bioinformatics methodologies to analyze NOC4L expression across diverse cancers using public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Comprehensive analyses, including survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and functional enrichment studies, were performed to assess the clinical significance of NOC4L expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NOC4L mRNA expression was significantly elevated in multiple cancers, with notable upregulation observed in bladder (BLCA), breast (BRCA), and colon (COAD) cancers, showing significant differences when compared to adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that NOC4L expression is associated with overall survival in 20 cancer types, suggesting its potential as an independent prognostic marker. Additionally, variation in NOC4L expression among different immune subtypes points to its role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified key proteins associated with cancer prognosis. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that NOC4L-related genes are involved in critical cancer-related pathways, including ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NOC4L shows promise as a dual-action target, functioning both as a prognostic biomarker and as a potential immunotherapeutic target. These insights provide a foundation for future research into its potential therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Biomass Recalcitrance Heterogeneity Using a Surfactant-Based CTAB/LA/Cu²⁺ Ternary Pretreatment Mixture for Multi-Feedstock Fractionation and Formation of Hemicellulose-Derived Products.","authors":"Shaojie Jiang, Zhenyao Zhao, Yu-Cai He","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05897-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05897-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The natural structural barriers and resistance of different biomass types are major obstacles to broadly applicable high-efficiency biorefining. This study employed a CTAB/LA/Cu²⁺ ternary pretreatment mixture composed of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), lactic acid (LA), and copper chloride (CuCl₂, as the Cu²⁺ source) at a molar ratio of 1:4:0.012 to pretreat five lignocellulosic feedstocks: agricultural residues (corn stover, CS; sorghum stover, SS), processing by-products (soybean hulls, SH), and forestry hardwoods (maple wood, MW; poplar debris, PD). Under the selected common pretreatment condition of 140 °C for 60 min, the ternary mixture exhibited feedstock-dependent fractionation, with the highest xylan removal of 64.8% observed for MW and the highest lignin removal of 74.2% observed for CS, while increasing the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency by 3.0-7.4-fold across the five feedstocks. In addition, total oligomeric xylose and furfural were detected in the crude pretreatment liquors, with maximum concentrations of 5.6 g/L XOSs and 2.8 g/L furfural were detected in the crude pretreatment liquors. These measurements indicate the formation of hemicellulose-derived soluble products but do not represent isolated product yields or purities. Multi-scale characterization using SEM, XRD, and FT-IR clearly indicated the evolution from surface delamination to internal structural collapse of the substrates. Furthermore, based on the hemicellulose models of the five biomass types, qualitative non-covalent interaction patterns between representative hemicellulose oligomers and the pretreatment-mixture components were examined using molecular modeling and IGMH visualization. This study provides a key theoretical paradigm and potentially foundational technical demonstration for the integrated biorefining of multi-source biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METTL1/USP48 Axis Stabilizes LCN2 Expression to Promote the Malignant Phenotypes of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Xiuqi Li,&nbsp;Lin Shu,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Li,&nbsp;Min Du","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05927-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-026-05927-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prevalent skin malignancy characterized by aggressive biological behaviors. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has been implicated in the progression of various cancers; however, the specific mechanisms by which LCN2 modulates malignant phenotypes of cSCC remain insufficiently understood. The expression levels of LCN2, ubiquitin specific peptidase 48 (USP48), and methyltransferase like 1 (METTL1) were analyzed in cSCC tissues, paracancerous tissues, and/or cell lines using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Functional assays, including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell invasion, and colorimetric assays, were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis indicators. The regulatory mechanisms were investigated via methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), dual-luciferase reporter, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and ubiquitination assays. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity was assessed using a xenograft mouse model. LCN2 was significantly upregulated in cSCC tissues and cell lines. LCN2 expression was associated with clinical stage of cSCC patients. Knockdown of LCN2 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, USP48 was found to interact with LCN2 and enhance its stability by removing K48-linked ubiquitin chains. Functionally, USP48 silencing inhibited the malignant behaviors of cSCC cells, whereas these effects were rescued by LCN2 overexpression. Upstream analysis revealed that METTL1 stabilized USP48 mRNA expression via m7G methylation modification. Knockdown of METTL1 inhibited the key malignant phenotypes of cSCC cells, however, these effects were effectively reversed by USP48 overexpression. Consistent with in vitro findings, USP48 silencing reduced tumor growth and LCN2 and Ki67 expression in vivo, but these inhibitory effects were attenuated by the restoration of LCN2. This study elucidated a novel oncogenic axis in cSCC, wherein METTL1 stabilized USP48 mRNA through m7G methylation modification, and USP48 in turn deubiquitinated and stabilized LCN2 protein. This axis promoted cSCC progression. Clinically, these findings identify the METTL1/USP48/LCN2 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cSCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 11","pages":"9020 - 9038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Sulfite as an Oxygen-Depletion-Based Chemical Model of Tumor Hypoxia In Vitro.","authors":"Ozge Bayrak, Meltem Alper, Yasemin Basbinar, Halil Ates, Serdar Bayrak","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05922-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05922-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia is a major determinant of tumor progression, yet most chemical hypoxia models rely on HIF stabilization rather than true oxygen depletion. Here, we evaluated sodium sulfite (SS), a direct oxygen scavenger, as an oxygen-dependent in vitro hypoxia model. Cancer cell lines were treated with optimized SS concentrations, and dissolved oxygen levels were monitored for up to 96 h. Cell viability, cell death, cell cycle distribution, morphological alterations, and hypoxia-associated metabolic and redox responses were assessed and compared with conventional hypoxia mimetics. SS reduced dissolved oxygen levels below 1 mg/L in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Based on their oxygen-consumption profiles under SS exposure, cell lines were operationally grouped into sustained and limited oxygen-consuming phenotypes. SS induced moderate cytotoxicity without reducing viability below 50%, caused S-phase accumulation in the sustained oxygen-consuming group and G0/G1 accumulation in the limited oxygen-consuming group, and altered cell morphology. Importantly, SS promoted HIF-1α and HIF-2α nuclear translocation, increased VEGF-A, LDHA, GLUT1, and HK-2 expression, decreased extracellular pH, suppressed eNOS, and enhanced antioxidant capacity more effectively than CoCl₂ or DFO. Together, these findings indicate that SS induces direct oxygen depletion and captures selected signaling, metabolic, and redox-related responses associated with hypoxia. SS therefore represents a simple and accessible oxygen-depletion-based chemical model that may complement conventional hypoxia mimetics for studying selected features of hypoxic adaptation in vitro, although further studies are needed to distinguish oxygen depletion-dependent effects from sulfite-specific contributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative Effects of Reynoutrin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Prostate Cancer (PC-3) Cell Lines.","authors":"Sedat Gökmen, İrfan Çinar","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05937-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05937-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reynoutrin, a bioactive flavonoid, exhibits various biological effects. Despite its toxic side effects, cisplatin is widely used to treat malignancies. This study aimed to assess the in vitro antiproliferative activity of reynoutrin in MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines by evaluating its effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related pathways. The cytotoxic effects of reynoutrin on MCF-7 and PC-3 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay after 24 h. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured using ELISA kits. The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, caspase-3, caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Apoptotic morphological changes were assessed by Hoechst staining. Reynoutrin inhibited MCF-7 and PC-3 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 220 and 412 µg/mL, respectively. Reynoutrin increased TOS and decreased TAS (p < 0.05), indicating an increase in oxidative stress. RT-qPCR showed that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA expression levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner following reynoutrin treatment in MCF-7 and PC-3 cells (p < 0.05), suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. In both cancer cell lines, reynoutrin increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA expression levels and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that reynoutrin exerts antiproliferative effects that are associated with modulation of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related pathways in cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a natural candidate for further investigation as an anticancer agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatibility and Multifunctional Biological Evaluation of Flower-Shaped Ag₂CO₃ and Ag/Ag₂CO₃ Nanostructures in Diabetic Albino Mice.","authors":"Ali Umar, Dibakar Roy, Misbah Ullah Khan, Huseyn Imanov, Syed Adnan Rahmat, Noman Nazeer, Mukhayya Ruzieva, Feruza Umirkulova, Intizor Avazmetova, Shekhar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12010-026-05910-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-026-05910-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to synthesize Ag₂CO₃ and Ag/Ag₂CO₃ nanostructures and to systematically investigate their physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, metabolic effects, wound healing potential, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy. Both nanostructures were synthesized using a controlled chemical reduction method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline Ag₂CO₃ phase and the successful incorporation of metallic silver in the Ag/Ag₂CO₃ composite, while zeta potential analysis revealed enhanced colloidal stability for Ag/Ag₂CO₃ (approximately - 38 mV) compared with Ag₂CO₃ (approximately - 28 mV). Biocompatibility and safety evaluation in non-diabetic mice, including complete blood count, liver and renal function tests, and lipid profiling, demonstrated that both nanostructures were well tolerated at the administered doses without evidence of severe toxicity. In alloxan-induced diabetic mice, treatment with Ag₂CO₃ and Ag/Ag₂CO₃ resulted in significant glucose-lowering effects from Day 7 onward. Serum insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly improved at Days 14 and 28 compared with diabetic controls. Antioxidant assessment after 28 days showed reduced malondialdehyde levels and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione. In a diabetic excision wound model with an initial wound area of 1.2 cm², complete wound healing occurred by Day 19 in diabetic controls, Day 17 in Ag₂CO₃-treated mice, and Day 14 in Ag/Ag₂CO₃-treated mice. Additionally, both nanostructures exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with Ag/Ag₂CO₃ producing inhibition zones of up to approximately 17 mm at 100 µg/mL. Overall, Ag/Ag₂CO₃ nanostructures demonstrated superior multifunctional biomedical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}