Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Co-Culture of Cyanobacteria and Rhizobia, Increasing Biomass Under Nitrogen-Starvation Conditions.","authors":"Akari Takagi, Nanako Machida, Misato Nagao, Yu Kanesaki, Munehiko Asayama","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05353-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05353-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A pair of new strains was obtained from a natural environment and identified as the filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium SZ2 and the rhizobia Ensifer/Sinorhizobium sp. ST1. This pair was of particular interest because it could potentially perform both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Interactions and material production were investigated in a new co-culture system using the \"natural pair\" of these strains. Cocultivation was favorable under both mixotrophic (coMC) and autotrophic conditions (coAC) when material production was assessed using heptadecane (C₁₇H₃₆) from the SZ2 strains. Under coAC, where nitrogen is depleted, some soluble factor(s) produced by the co-culture-possibly including ammonium ions-appear to function as biomass-increasing factors (BIFs), contributing to the enhanced accumulation of chlorophyll a in SZ2, along with extracellular polysaccharides, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in the total biomass. A notable feature of this \"aquatic\" coAC system is that it overcomes biomass reduction under nitrogen-deficient conditions, which is difficult in monoculture systems and can contribute to economic material production for biorefineries.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein Nanocages as Building Blocks for Conjugated Supramolecular Materials Displaying Multitasking Properties.","authors":"Hugo César Santillán-Uribe, Iris Ashanty Soto-Valerio, Juan Carlos León-Contreras, Ismael Bustos-Jaimes","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05364-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05364-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein nanocages are a group of compartments naturally enclosing nucleic acids or proteins for biological purposes. Such materials have also inspired the design of novel proteins displaying self-assembling properties. The most studied protein nanocages are viral capsids and their derivative virus-like particles (VLPs), which consist of any or all of the structural proteins of the virion but lack nucleic acids and are therefore non-infectious. VLPs can be used as vaccine antigens or decorated with heterologous antigens to develop new vaccine materials. External surfaces of VLPs can also be decorated with chemical substances to impart new properties, like fluorescence tags or binding to cellular receptors. In addition, the internal space of VLPs can be used to encapsulate therapeutic materials that can be carried to specific cells or tissues. Although VLPs are naturally polyvalent and can display more than one decorating element, it is possible to expand the repertoire of decorating species by specifically conjugating different VLPs, which can be decorated with different functional elements. Here, VLPs of parvovirus B19 displaying different functional proteins were linked through the SpyTag-SpyCatcher biorthogonal conjugation technology. Characterizing the resulting species demonstrated the bioconjugation and the presence of the individual properties of each component. This proof-of-concept research implies that novel multitasking biomaterials can be constructed from protein nanocages and that the application landscape is vast and highly expandable.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of cSLE Through Integrated Serum Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking Approaches.","authors":"Jinling Tang, Susu Wang, Zhu Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05376-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05376-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is recognized as a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that manifests during childhood. Compared to adult-onset SLE, cSLE is characterized by higher disease activity and greater cumulative organ damage, thereby requiring more intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Although early diagnosis remains challenging, it is considered essential for improving clinical outcomes. In the present study, the serum metabolomic profiles of 100 cSLE patients and 40 healthy controls were comprehensively analyzed. Through the integration of differentially expressed metabolites, nine key metabolites were identified that effectively distinguished cSLE patients from healthy individuals. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids were found to potentially modulate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting a role in disease progression. Overall, these findings underscore the potential value of investigating unsaturated fatty acids to gain mechanistic insight into cSLE pathogenesis and to uncover novel therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Benzothiazole-Chalcone Hybrids: Apoptosis Induction, Docking Analysis, and Anticancer Potential in Gastric Cancer Cells.","authors":"Ilker Kiliccioglu, Gorkem Dulger, Ahmad Badreddin Musatat, Alparslan Atahan, Emel Caliskan, Merve Alpay, Mustafa Zengin, Basaran Dulger","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05360-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05360-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated a series of chalcone derivatives containing benzothiazole groups (C1-7) for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potential against gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. The compounds showed the highest antiproliferative effect in AGS gastric cancer cells compared to HCT116 colon cancer and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Among the tested compounds, C3 and C4 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effects (IC₅₀ = 7.55 µg/mL and 8.25 µg/mL at 48 h, respectively), significantly outperforming Cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 15.71 µg/mL). Mechanistic investigations revealed that C3 and C4 induce apoptosis by upregulating caspase-3, -8, and -9, suppressing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and elevating pro-apoptotic Bax and p53 proteins. These compounds also impeded AGS cell migration. Antimicrobial evaluations demonstrated an effective profile against multi-drug resistant bacteria, and their effects were comparable to those of the reference antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (< 0.5 µg/mL). Antifungal activity results showed that MIC values ranged from < 0.5 to 256 mg/mL. Antioxidant profiling identified C1 as the most potent antioxidant, while C3 exhibited a unique dual role as an oxidant and pro-apoptotic agent. DFT computational studies harmonized the experimental findings, with molecular docking revealing high binding affinities of C3 and C4 to apoptosis regulators Bcl-2 and survivin. ADME predictions affirmed favorable drug-likeness, with moderate solubility, optimal distribution, and synthetic feasibility. This study provides a robust framework for developing benzothiazole-chalcone hybrids as precision therapeutics, positioning C3 and C4 as promising candidates for gastric cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting TXN1 Induces G2M Phase Arrest and Apoptosis of Glioma Cells Through P38 MAPK Pathway.","authors":"Lu Zhou, Hongsheng Liang, Chenyi Nie, Jiaxin Zhou, Kuo Li, Xi Zhang, Jiahang Xu, Renjie Hu, Aili Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05341-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05341-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. Furthermore, the prognosis for glioma patients following chemoradiotherapy is unfavourable due to the inherent anti-apoptotic characteristics of glioma cells. Thus, the treatment of gliomas remains a challenge. Our aim was to define the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TXN1 on the anti-apoptotic ability and proliferation of glioma cells. The relationship between TXN1 expression and glioma patients was initially predicted using bioinformatics methods and then verified through clinical glioma tissue Results showed that the expression of TXN1 increases with the malignant degree of glioma, leading to a worse prognosis for patients.Then glioma cells were treated with lentivirus to be stable cell lines with suppressed TXN1 expression. MTT, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, western blot and qRT-PCR were used to analyse changes in glioma proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and the expressioin of the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover,the expression levels of related proteins in the transplanted tumor tissues of nude mice were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Reducing TXN1 expression caused glioma cell cycle in G2/M phase, increased cell apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, this was correlated with activity of the P38 MAPK pathway. Reduction of TXN1 expression can activate the P38 MAPK pathway to cause glioma cell cycle arrest and induce mitochondrial apoptosis. This study revealed for the first time that inhibition of TXN1 can destroy the apoptotic resistance mechanism of glioma by activating ASK1/P38 MAPK axis, resulting in G2/M phase arrest of glioma cells, inhibiting the proliferation of glioma cells, and promoting apoptosis of glioma cells in malignant gliomas. Combining TXN1 inhibitors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is expected to significantly improve the clinical prognosis of glioma patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USP33 Facilitates Retinoblastoma Growth by Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing EPHB2 Protein.","authors":"Jie Zhang, Chao Nai, Jue Wang, Liping Su, Xiaona Ning, Chenjun Guo","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05357-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05357-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignant tumor originating from primitive retinal stem cells or cone precursor cells, appearing most frequently under the age of three years. EPH receptor B2 (EPHB2) has been found to be involved in RB, but the potential action of EPHB2 in RB remains poorly understood. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting detected RNA levels and protein levels. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and stemness were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5-ethynyl-2'deoxyuridine flow cytometry, transwell, and sphere-forming assays. The interaction between EPHB2 and ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33) was confirmed by cell ubiquitination and protein stability assays. Mouse xenograft models were utilized for the validation of the effect of the USP33/EPHB2 pathway in RB. EPHB2 was upregulated in RB, and lower overall survival was observed in patients with higher levels of EPHB2. Functional experiments demonstrated that EPHB2 promoted RB cell proliferation, invasion, and stemness, as well as inhibited RB cell apoptosis in vitro. Mechanically, USP33 is responsible for EPHB2 upregulation. Additionally, USP33 caused the deubiquitination and stabilization of EPHB2 protein. Rescue experiments showed that USP33 promoted RB growth in vitro and mouse models by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an EPHB2-dependent manner. The study identified a positive regulatory role of the USP33/EPHB2 pathway in the promotion of RB malignant behaviors, suggesting that developing USP33-specific inhibitors (such as small molecule compounds) may become a new direction for RB treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Streamlined One-Step Bioprocess for Isomaltulose Production in Bacillus subtilis Through Multicopy Genomic Integration of Sucrose Isomerase Gene.","authors":"Ming Xu, Jingtao Chu, Mingyu Li, Xiaopeng Ren, Xiaoyi Chen, Xianzhen Li, Hao Cheng, Conggang Wang, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05348-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05348-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isomaltulose, a sucrose isomer with a low glycemic index and non-cariogenic properties, is extensively used in the food industry. The industrial production of this functional sugar relies on enzymatic biotransformation using sucrose isomerase (SIase). However, conventional bioprocesses involve expressing and isolating the SIase enzyme, followed by using the purified SIase to convert sucrose into isomaltulose, resulting in a multi-step and high-cost process that hindered the broader applications of isomaltulose. In this study, we reported a streamlined one-step bioprocess that integrates extracellular SIase secretion and direct isomaltulose biosynthesis in the culture medium of an engineered B. subtilis strain. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we engineered B. subtilis to integrate multiple SIase expression cassettes into the genome while concurrently replacing genes within the sacP-sacA-ywdA and sacB-levB-yveA operons, which are crucial for sucrose hydrolysis in B. subtilis. This strategy synergistically increased the genomic copy number of SIase gene while limited sucrose consumption by native pathways, thereby maximizing substrate availability for SIase-mediated catalysis. The resulting engineered strain, containing four copies of the SIase expression cassettes, achieved an extracellular SIase activity of 8.2 U/mL in shake flasks. When cultured in a medium containing 200 g/L sucrose, this strain produced a maximum isomaltulose titer of 162.1 g/L with a yield of 0.81 g/g and a productivity of 13.5 g/L/h. These findings demonstrate an integrated bioprocess that eliminates costly enzyme isolation procedure and reduces fermentation complexity, presenting a commercially feasible strategy for sustainable isomaltulose production.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn in Dye Decolorization and its Phytotoxicity Test Analysis on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris (Rajma) and Cicer arietinum (Chickpea).","authors":"Arshya Hashim, Prajwal Tawdar, Faria Fatima","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05350-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05350-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes such as Congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue poses significant ecological and health risks due to their toxicity and recalcitrant nature. Traditional methods of dye degradation, including physical and chemical treatments, are often costly and generate secondary pollutants. In response to these challenges, biological approaches, particularly the use of plant extracts, offer a promising alternative due to their eco-effective and cost-effective characteristics. This study explores the potential of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn in the degradation of Congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue dyes. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of P. maderaspatensis Linn revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. The UV-Visible spectra of all the three dyes' degradation with time were seen maximum at specific wavelengths. Also, Congo red > methylene blue > malachite green showed the removal of dyes with variation in pH, time, and temperature. Experimental procedures involved treating dye solutions with varying concentrations of the plant extract under controlled conditions. The percentage of inhibition was calculated at regular intervals of time (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 24 h) at 80% aqueous extract solution with 95% Congo red dye degradation followed by malachite green and methylene blue. The results demonstrated significant decolorization and degradation of the dyes, with degradation rates exceeding 80% for all three dyes within 24 h. Furthermore, the experiment phytotoxicity test was performed and showed that the Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn aqueous extract was effective on Phaseolus vulgaris and Cicer arietinum to determine toxicity of dye on seedling growth and seed germination. The dye treated with 80% of plant extract showed higher germination percentage than the untreated dye. The study concludes that the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis exhibits substantial potential for degrading synthetic dyes, attributed to the synergistic action of its phytochemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MR Promotes Ferroptosis in Gastric Cancer by Regulating FANCD2 Expression Mediated by m6A Modification.","authors":"Lin Xin, Luo-Jun Fan, Chuan Liu, Hao Lu, Yong-Hui Zou, He-Song Xu, Zhen- Qi Yue, Jin-Heng Gan, Jiang Liu, Qi Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05355-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05355-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our previous work points out that methionine restriction (MR) treatment inhibits gastric cancer progression. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death, and induction of ferroptosis has an inhibitory effect on tumors. Silencing of the ferroptosis inhibitory molecule FA complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) has been reported to inhibit tumor growth. This investigation aims to explore whether MR treatment affects ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells by regulating FANCD2 expression, and thus affects the advancement of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer cells (AGS and HGC27) were cultured in MR condition. For ferroptosis detection, lipid ROS was examined by fluorescent staining; ACSL4 levels were estimated by western blot; malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transfection of FANCD2/METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3) overexpression plasmids was to conduct in gain of function tests. SRAMP analysis was to predict the m6A methylation site of FANCD2, with methylated RNA immunoprecipitation detection of m6A levels of FANCD2 mRNA, and Actinomycin D experiments to evaluate its stability. Gastric cancer cells were administered through tail vein injection into BALB/c mice to conduct transplanted tumor models, and mice were given an MR diet or combined with an injection of oeFANCD2/oeMETTL3 lentivirus. The effect of FANCD2/METTL3 overexpression on tumor volume and ferroptosis was measured. The gastric cancer patient-derived organoids were also cultured and treated with MR, and the diameter was analyzed. MR treatment increased ferroptosis and reduced the volume of tumor tissue. FANCD2 levels were found to change dramatically following MR treatment, and overexpressing FANCD2 inhibited ferroptosis and promoted tumor formation. In addition, MR treatment decreased FANCD2 m6A abundance as well as FANCD2 mRNA stability. Database predictions suggested that METTL3 may be an m6A regulatory molecule influenced by MR, and our results showed that METTL3 was down-regulated under MR conditions, and METTL3 overexpression increased the m6A abundance and stability of FANCD2 mRNA. Further results showed that overexpressing METTL3 reduced ferroptosis-related indexes and increased the tumor volume, inhibiting METTL3 reversed the results. Furthermore, MR reduced the diameter of gastric cancer organoids. MR inhibits FANCD2 m6A levels and FANCD2 stability by inhibiting METTL3 expression, and then promotes ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Kiwi Peel: Antibacterial Properties and the Role of MexY Gene Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Efflux Pumps.","authors":"Mais Emad Ahmed, Ibrahim A Saleh, Huda A Al-Masri, Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, Mohammad K Okla, Hiba Shaghaleh","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05354-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05354-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for synthesizing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using kiwi peel waste (KPW) via a room-temperature ultrasound-assisted cavitation process. The green synthesis approach highlights the sustainable reuse of agro-waste while offering a promising route for producing biologically active nanomaterials. The resulting CuO-NPs were thoroughly characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV-Vis spectrum revealed a characteristic absorption peak at 305 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. XRD analysis indicated the presence of copper, oxygen, and carbon, while morphological analysis showed predominantly spherical to cuboidal nanoparticles with sizes ranging from approximately 51 nm to 62 nm. Functionally, the biosynthesized CuO-NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, treatment with CuO-NPs led to a significant downregulation of the MexY efflux pump gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as revealed by real-time PCR analysis. This gene suppression is associated with reduced biofilm formation, indicating that the nanoparticles can effectively disrupt bacterial resistance mechanisms. The study demonstrates that green-synthesized CuO-NPs not only possess strong antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties but also effectively inhibit MexY gene expression in multidrug-resistant bacteria. These findings underline their potential application as alternative antimicrobial agents in biomedical and environmental settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}