Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Approaches to Azo Dye Removal: The Role of Microbial Azo-Reductases.","authors":"Subashini R, Geetha K, Janasuruthi A, Palanisamy T, Jeevitha K, Vishnu R, Mariaamalraj Samykannu","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05343-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05343-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental pollution from synthetic dyes is a serious conflict that threatens both aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review explores how indigenous microorganisms help in breaking down these azo dyes and highlights their potential as affordable and eco-friendly solutions in tackling problems caused by the discharge of untreated effluents. Synthetic dyes are widely used in industries like textiles, paper, and food, but their discharge into the environment has led to notable ecological problems. Traditional wastewater methods lack in effectively removing these harmful substances, which is also quite costly. As a result, there is a growing interest in using biological methods that involve bacteria, fungi, and algae to handle this problem. This review is based on how azo dyes are degraded by the microorganisms, especially by azo-reductases, and how various environmental factors like temperature, pH, and nutrient levels can affect the activity of these microbes. In addition to this, the modern computational tools and statistical methods, such as response surface methodology and artificial neural networks, aiding in optimising the dye degradation process, are discussed. Even though the biological method holds promising potential, there are still some challenges, which include scaling up the processes to handle larger volumes of wastewater, meeting various regulatory requirements, and increasing public awareness about the importance of this issue. In future perspectives, research must focus on enhancing bioremediation techniques by involving genetic engineering and fostering collaboration across different fields of study. So as a result, the development of more sustainable solutions for treating wastewater arises, which ultimately helps to decrease the environmental impact of industries that depend largely on dyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Dolichandrone falcata (Wall.ex DC.) Seem. Leaf Extract and Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-diabetic and Anticancer Potentials.","authors":"MohamadYusuff Aysha, Kuppusamy Selvam, Ramachandran Adhavan, Palanisamy Prakash, Muthugounder Subaramanian Shivakumar","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05356-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05356-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phyto-synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) was carried out using Dolichandrone falcata leaves. The NPs were characterised using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The synthesised CuO NPs UV-Vis spectra revealed that a high absorption peak at 380 nm with optical band gap was 2.8 eV. The appearance of distinctive peaks in XRD pattern verified that CuO NPs were crystalline. Particle size distribution (DLS) revealed the average particle size 222 nm with Polydispersity Index (PDI) value is 0.348. The antibacterial ability of the synthesized CuO NPs was then investigated against major pathogens, including Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). Antioxidant activity against DPPH 61.10% ± 0.90 IC₅₀ was 273.56 μg/mL, H₂O₂ 64.36 ± 0.61% IC₅₀ was 145.43 μg/mL and metal chelating activity 68.20% ± 0.91 with IC₅₀ value 150.50 µg/mL. Anti-diabetic activity of α-amylase inhibition 75.30% ± 0.59 with IC₅₀ value 725.32 µg/mL and α-glucosidase inhibition 73.21% ± 0.45 with IC₅₀ value 540.40 µg/mL. Furthermore, the nanoparticle demonstrated anticancer effects with an IC₅₀ of 156.26 µg/mL against the skin cancer cell line A431.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells via Synergistic Action of Luteolin and 5-FU Through Oxidative Stress Modulation.","authors":"Himanshi Gahlot, Sun Chul Kang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05346-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05346-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synergistic therapy is unwaveringly developing as a potential approach to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer medications in chemotherapy. Incorporating adjuvants alongside conventional anticancer medications has demonstrated selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while mitigating adverse effects such as DNA damage and systemic toxicity in normal cells. The extended use of 5-FU, a synthetic medicine used in chemotherapy, has many adverse effects, which limit its long-term use in clinical settings. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that luteolin exhibits anticancer effects and alleviates inflammation in mammalian cells. In this study, we provide the first experimental evidence of the synergistic interaction between luteolin and 5-FU in murine melanoma (B16F10) cells, compared to monotherapies (luteolin and 5-FU alone). Using MTT assay for cell viability, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting for apoptosis markers, we demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to luteolin and 5-FU speeds up oxidative stress and enhances the production of endogenous ROS. The combination therapy induced the G1-phase cell cycle arrest (65.39%) and decreased the cell viability of B16F10 cells to 34.6%. This, in turn, activates the DNA damage response and initiates the apoptotic pathway by suppressing autophagy and the DNA repair system. Further, the co-treatment of luteolin and 5-FU significantly decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP production. The results indicate that the combination of luteolin and 5-FU may improve treatment efficacy while potentially decreasing the necessary dosage of 5-FU, therefore reducing its toxicity in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichoderma reesei Cellulase in the Monoculture and the Mixed Culture with Aspergillus niger: From Transcripts to Proteins.","authors":"Hao Fang, Yuqi Song, Liang Yu, Xiangyang Song, Chen Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05324-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05324-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mixed culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger enhanced cellulase production, optimized cellulase composition, and improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. In our multi-omics study, we found that the transcriptional changes in cellulase components in the mixed culture, compared to the monoculture, did not align with the corresponding changes at the protein level. However, the reason why cellulase proteins exhibited different variations from their corresponding transcripts remains unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed cellulase production in the mixed culture at both the transcriptional and protein levels, using the monoculture of T. reesei as a control, to elucidate the underlying mechanism. In the mixed culture, the transcription of most cellulase genes generally increased, with some exceptions, such as egl5, which decreased. This suggests the complexity of signaling pathways and regulatory networks. The cellulase gene expression profiles and the protein profiles were inconsistent. Only cbh2, eg2, and egl5 proteins exhibited noticeable increase in abundance compared to the monoculture. We compared the composition of cellulase in the T. reesei monoculture with that in the mixed culture of T. reesei and A. niger and found that the patterns differed much less than at the transcriptional level. Compared to the T. reesei monoculture, the cellulase from the mixed culture had a higher proportion of CBH II (cbh2), which is crucial for the synergistic degradation capacity of cellulase during enzymatic hydrolysis. The various physiological responses to the mixed culture-including signaling pathways, unfolded protein response (UPR), endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), apoptosis, autophagy, translocation, secretion, and proteolysis-played distinct roles in determining the fate of each cellulase component. The mechanism by which the mixed culture affected cellulase production in T. reesei is elucidated and elaborated. These findings shed light on a systems engineering approach of T. reesei for cellulase production.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putrescine Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in Suspension Cells of Bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra).","authors":"Taiji Nomura, Yasuo Kato","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05349-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05349-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultured cells of a bamboo species (Phyllostachys nigra; Pn) were previously demonstrated to be a suitable host for the bioproduction of exogenous phenylpropanoid-derived compounds based on the rational metabolic-flow switching strategy. In the strategy, the biosynthetic pathway of hydroxycinnamoylputrescines, the major secondary metabolites in Pn cells, was redirected to the biosynthetic pathways of the compounds of interest through genetic transformation. To improve the efficiency of metabolic-flow switching in transgenic Pn cells, functionally disrupting the endogenous gene encoding putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (PHT), catalyzing the formation of hydroxycinnamoylputrescine, may be a promising strategy. In this study, we identified the gene (PnPHT1) encoding PHT following the purification of a native enzyme from Pn cells treated with a chitosan oligomer, an elicitor used to promote PHT production. PnPHT1 was revealed to belong to Clade IVa of the BAHD acyltransferase superfamily, similar to other PHTs, and catalyzed the formation of hydroxycinnamoylputrescines, with feruloyl-CoA and putrescine as the preferred acyl donor and acceptor, respectively. PnPHT1 transcript levels rapidly increased after Pn cells were treated with a chitosan oligomer, with peaking at 24 h, which was markedly quicker than the transcriptional induction after 10 days of culture without elicitor treatment. Combining the culture system using chitosan oligomer elicitor with PnPHT1-knockout/knockdown will increase the utility of Pn cells as a host for producing exogenous phenylpropanoid-derived compounds via rational metabolic-flow switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Structural, Functional, and Biological Properties of Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysates from Different Legumes Native to Vietnam.","authors":"Thi-Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Thanh-Sang Nguyen, Thi-Van-Linh Nguyen, Thi-Tuong-Vi Tran, Quoc-Trung Huynh, Anh Duy Do, Quoc-Duy Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05342-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05342-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing demand for plant-based proteins reflects a consumer shift toward healthier and more sustainable lifestyles. Among these, hydrolyzed proteins have garnered attention due to their enhanced functional properties and biological activities compared to crude proteins. This study investigated the impact of enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase on the functional, technological, and biological properties of proteins derived from various beans, including yellow bean (Vigna radiata L.), hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.), and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). The protein hydrolysates were assessed based on antioxidant activities (measured via ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP assays), foaming capacity, SDS-PAGE analysis, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory properties. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the protein hydrolysates significantly improved compared to the unhydrolyzed proteins, with hyacinth bean hydrolysates exhibiting the highest antioxidant activities, including ABTS radical scavenging activity (754.85 mg TE/L) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (80.35 mg TE/L). Meanwhile, yellow bean protein exhibited the highest degree of hydrolysis (81.38%) among the tested legumes and enzymatic hydrolysis significantly enhanced the foaming properties of yellow bean protein hydrolysates. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that hydrolysis degraded plant-derived proteins into low-molecular-weight peptides (approximately 15-45 kDa). Additionally, the protein hydrolysates showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations below 2000 μg/mL. Legume protein hydrolysates hold significant future prospects in their promising potential as multifunctional ingredients exhibiting strong antioxidant and functional activities, which can be harnessed to develop sustainable, health-promoting food products and nutraceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Menthol-Amino Acid Ester Derivatives.","authors":"Lolakhon Ettibaeva, Abduaziz Ergashev, Ugilay Abdurakhmanova, Ruhan Benlikaya, Pınar Güner, Alimjan Matchanov","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05336-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05336-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on the synthesis of menthyl ester derivatives from menthol and various amino acids such as glycine, histidine, and leucine, and their characterization via high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to determine their structural, chemical, and morphological properties. The FTIR and ¹³C-NMR analyses provided detailed information about the molecular structure, confirming the formation of the menthol-amino acid ester derivatives. The XRD and SEM analyses revealed distinct crystal structures and surface morphologies of the menthol and the ester derivatives. Additionally, antimicrobial activity tests were performed to evaluate their effectiveness against various microorganisms. This study highlights the potential of these compounds as promising candidates for innovative applications in antimicrobial therapies and related scientific disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Bioactive Compounds of Different Brown Rice Varieties in India.","authors":"S V Bakiya Lakshmi, R Kalaivani, S Sulochana, S Saranya, P Chellapandi","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05322-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05322-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrothermal processing is known to influence the nutritional and functional properties of cereals; however, its effects on the bioactive metabolite composition of traditional Indian brown rice varieties remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of hydrothermal treatment on four indigenous rice varieties, Seeraga samba, Kattu ponni, Kuzhiyadichaan, and Poongar, focusing on the compositional changes in lipophilic bioactive compounds. Using GC-MS/MS analysis, we quantified the alterations in fatty acids, phytosterols, triterpenes, and tocopherols before and after processing. Significant varietal responses were also observed. Seeraga samba exhibited a 20.38% increase in total fatty acid post-treatment, whereas Kuzhiyadichaan showed a 13.72% increase in β-sitosterol (p < 0.01). Poongar displayed an 18.92% increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas Kattu ponni showed a 2.13% increase in squalene content. Notably, vitamin E and γ-tocopherol were detected exclusively in hydrothermally processed Kuzhiyadichaan and Poongar, indicating enhanced micronutrient release. Statistical analysis revealed significant compositional differences (p < 0.05) between the raw and processed samples with distinct clustering patterns. These findings suggest that hydrothermal processing can be strategically optimized to enhance the nutraceutical value of traditional brown rice, thereby offering a promising approach for dietary biofortification and functional food development.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Role of MicroRNA 1827 as Diagnostic Biomarker in Prostate Cancer Progression.","authors":"Anveshika Manoj, Gautam Prasad, Durgesh Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05347-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05347-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men, largely due to late-stage detection. Current diagnostic methods suffer from high false-positive rates, leading to overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments. Given their low predictive value, there is an urgent need for precise and reliable biomarkers to enhance early detection and disease monitoring. Holding to that perspective, with the help of analytic and computational methods, we have elucidated the role of miRNA 1827 as a diagnostic biomarker with therapeutic potential. The expression analysis of miRNA 1827 was achieved by qPCR and its diagnostic potential was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The application of bioinformatic tools recognized the miRNA-mRNA interactions. The study reveals significant downregulation of miRNA 1827 in both PCa serum and tissue. The ROC curve indicates the significant (p < 0.001) and greater AUC of 0.904 with 92.5% sensitivity and specificity for PCa tissue. The non-invasive diagnostic biomarker potential was indicated by 0.956 and 0.969 AUC for PCa serum and CRPC serum, respectively. The miRNA-mRNA interaction shows CREB5, MDM2, E2F3, and CDKN1B as target genes of miRNA 1827. The CDKN1B was found to be significantly downregulated in PCa tissue and serum, while the remaining were significantly upregulated in PCa serum. To the best of our knowledge, the current study underscores the non-invasive diagnostic biomarker potential of miRNA 1827 in monitoring the disease severity of PCa for the first time. Furthermore, the miRNA-mRNA interactions may be exploited for therapeutic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Bark Extract of Syzygium cumini and an Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity and Wound Healing Properties.","authors":"Rajiv Periakaruppan, Logeshwaran Anandhan, Vanathi Palanimuthu, Nithish Kathiravan, Karungan Selvaraj Vijai Selvaraj, Noura Al-Dayan","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05352-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05352-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study focuses on synthesis of biogenic calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) using the bark extract of Syzygium cumini, through green chemistry approach. It deals with the development of CaO NPs using Syzygium cumini bark, which is ethnomedicinally relevant and has a multitude of applications. The green synthesis technique ensures sustainability by the use of natural reducing agents and less release of hazardous wastes. Synthesized CaO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD analysis confirmed a cubic crystalline structure with an average particles size ranging from 48 to 52 nm. SEM and EDX analysis showed a spherical morphology with some aggregation, while elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ca, O, Na, and C. FTIR spectroscopy identified functional groups that acted as capping and stabilizing agents. The thermal stability of CaO NPs was determined by TGA with loss of weight due to moisture evaporation and organic decomposition. Cytotoxicity assays showed dose-response manner, 88.37% cell viability at 20 µg and 61.97% at 100 µg, which indicates probable biomedical applications. Scratch assay demonstrated the nanoparticle ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. S. cumini-mediated CaO NPs can be translated to potential biomedicine applications such as wound healing, antimicrobial agents, and drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}