心理学最新文献

{"title":"Visual attention is not attuned to non-human animal targets' pathogenicity: an evolutionary mismatch perspective.","authors":"Sezer Rengiiyiler, Mert Teközel","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349005","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A considerable amount of research has revealed that there exists an evolutionary mismatch between ancestral environments and conditions following the rise of agriculture regarding the contact between humans and animal reservoirs of infectious diseases. Based on this evolutionary mismatch framework, we examined whether visual attention exhibits adaptive attunement toward animal targets' pathogenicity. Consistent with our predictions, faces bearing heuristic infection cues held attention to a greater extent than did animal vectors of zoonotic infectious diseases. Moreover, the results indicated that attention showed a specialized vigilance toward processing facial cues connoting the presence of infectious diseases, whereas it was allocated comparably between animal disease vectors and disease-irrelevant animals. On the other hand, the pathogen salience manipulation employed to amplify the participants' contextual-level anti-pathogen motives did not moderate the selective allocation of attentional resources. The fact that visual attention seems poorly equipped to detect and encode animals' zoonotic transmission risk supports the idea that our evolved disease avoidance mechanisms might have limited effectiveness in combating global outbreaks originating from zoonotic emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"36-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distinct effects of fearful and disgusting scenes on self-relevant face recognition.","authors":"Yuan Yuan, Lili Guan, Yifei Cao, Yang Xu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349764","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221309.2024.2349764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-face recognition denotes the process by which a person can recognize their own face by distinguishing it from another's face. Although many research studies have explored the inhibition effect of negative information on self-relevant face processing, few researchers have examined whether negative scenes influence self-relevant face processing. Fearful and disgusting scenes are typical negative scenes, but little research to data has examined their discriminative effects on self-relevant face recognition. To investigate these issues, the current study explored the effect of negative scenes on self-relevant face recognition. In Study 1, 44 participants (20 men, 24 women) were asked to judge the orientation of a target face (self-face or friend-face) pictured in a negative or neutral scene, whereas 40 participants (19 men, 21 women) were asked to complete the same task in a fearful, disgusting, or neutral scene in Study 2. The results showed that negative scenes inhibited the speed of recognizing self-faces. Furthermore, the above effect of negative scenes on self-relevant face recognition occurred with fearful rather than disgusting scenes. Our findings suggest the distinct effects of fearful scenes and disgusting scenes on self-relevant face processing, which may be associated with the automatic attentional capture to negative scenes (especially fearful scenes) and the tendency to escape self-awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"87-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child maltreatment mortality in Canada: An analysis of coroner and medical examiner data.","authors":"Natasha Richmond, Amy Ornstein, Lil Tonmyr, Susie Dzakpasu, Chantal Nelson, Nathaniel J Pollock","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatalities are the most severe consequence of child maltreatment, but there are gaps in what is known about the epidemiology of such deaths in Canada.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify child maltreatment deaths among those classified as homicide or undetermined manner; (2) estimate rates of child maltreatment mortality by sex, age, geography, and year; and (3) measure differences between rates of child maltreatment mortality and homicide mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a cross-sectional design and analyzed mortality data from the Canadian Coroner and Medical Examiner Database for a ten-year period (2007 to 2016). To identify child maltreatment deaths, we reviewed narrative data about children aged 0 to 17 years old whose deaths were classified as homicide or undetermined. Descriptive statistics, mortality rates, and incidence rate ratios were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1758 child deaths due to homicide or an undetermined manner, maltreatment was the probable cause in 20.4 % (n = 359) of deaths; most child maltreatment deaths (72.1 %, n = 259) were among children younger than 5 years old. The national child maltreatment mortality rate was 0.55 deaths per 100,000; the rate was highest among infants (3.43 per 100,000) and decreased at older ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence about the epidemiology of child maltreatment mortality in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"159 ","pages":"107127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teenagers' emotional symptoms and antisocial behavior in group home care: A myth or reality?","authors":"Gershon K Osei","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child advocates, group home and child protection workers report high levels of emotional symptoms and antisocial behavior among teenagers living in group homes. Extant studies is, however, silent on the prevalence of emotional symptoms and its association with teenagers' antisocial behavior in group homes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims at examining the association between emotional symptoms and teenagers' antisocial behavior and how prevalent emotional symptoms are among teenagers living in group homes.</p><p><strong>Participants and setting: </strong>A total of 875 teenagers living in group homes in Ontario, Canada were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ontario Looking After Children data of cohorts surveyed in 2010-2015 was used for analysis. The data included participants' gender, age, ethnicity, general health status, academic challenges, conduct problems, group home size and emotional symptoms.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Teenagers' emotional symptoms was found to be associated with their antisocial behavior (OR = 2.49, 95 % CI 1.83, 3.39). Sixty-three percent (63 %) of the teenagers experience emotional symptoms of anxiety on regular basis, four out of every 10 of them show depressive symptoms. Majority of them (73.7 %) get nervous when faced with new situations and can lose confidence in such instances and 54.5 % of them could easily get scared in such situations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that there is a significant association between teenagers' emotional symptoms and their antisocial behavior. Findings also show that there is significant prevalence of emotional symptoms among teenagers in group homes in Ontario. The social and clinical implications make future research into the issue important.</p>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"159 ","pages":"107172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of childhood maltreatment and mental health disorders on suicidal behaviour in adolescents.","authors":"S Gómez-Vallejo, M Díaz-Marsa, V Fernández Rodrigues, J Andreo-Jover, T Bobes-Bascarán, A I Cebrià, B Crespo Facorro, N Garrido-Torres, A González-Pinto, L Jiménez-Teviño, E Lara, M P Lopez-Peña, A Palao-Tarrero, D J Palao, V Pérez, M Ruiz-Veguilla, P A Sáiz, Y Sánchez-Carro, A de la Torre-Luque, E Vidal Bermejo, E Vieta, I Zorrilla, N Roberto, I Grande, J Bobes, Luisa Lázaro, Lorenzo Bracco, Fernando Corbalán, Natalia Fares, Wala Ayad-Ahmed, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Jennifer Fernández-Fernández, Ainoa García-Fernández, Adriana Garcia-Ramos, Carlos Imaz, Itziar Leal-Leturia, Luis Olivares, Beatriz Payá, Andres Pemau, Carla Perez-Guerra, Elisa Seijo-Zazo, Nuria Tur","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide stands as a grave and pressing public health concern, ranking among the foremost causes of death in the youth demographics. While childhood maltreatment (CM) and mental disorders have garnered substantial attention as risk factors for suicide, there remains an enigmatic aspect concerning how these two elements interact, influencing the nature of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour, and the transition between them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study endeavours to shed light on the intricate interplay between CM, mental disorders, and suicide.</p><p><strong>Participants and setting: </strong>We gathered data from 289 adolescents aged 12-17 (87.2 % female) drawn from eight different hospitals across Spain, all of whom had attempted suicide within the past 10 days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed suicidal ideation severity and intensity, suicidal behaviour by attempts using the C-SSRS, and the presence of CM using CTQ and identified concurrent mental disorders according to the MINI. Regression analysis and moderation analysis were conducted by PROCESS macro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderation analysis revealed that higher scores of CM were associated with a higher number of suicide attempts with the presence of a mental disorder. Additionally, we found that those with higher scores of CM reported less severe characteristics of suicidal ideation, when presenting along with an anxiety disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings revealed CM increased risk of suicidal behaviour among young individuals. Additionally, the results suggest that adolescents with CM and anxiety disorder might under-report suicidal ideation. Hence, these findings offer a potential key to identifying and preventing suicide risk among young individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"159 ","pages":"107151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Sentio ergo est\": Unmasking the psychological realities of emotional misperception.","authors":"Myron Tsikandilakis, Persefoni Bali, Alexander Karlis, Patty Morfi, Pierre-Alexis Mével, Christopher Madan, Alison Milbank","doi":"10.1177/03010066241302996","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03010066241302996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perception is an important aspect of our personal lives, interpersonal interactions and professional activities and performance. A large body of psychological research has been dedicated to exploring how perception happens, whether and when it involves conscious awareness and what are the physiological correlates, such as skin-conductance and heart-rate responses, that occur when we perceive particularly emotional elicitors. A more recent and less explored question in psychological science is how and when misperception happens, and what are the physiological characteristics of the misperception of emotion. Therefore, in the current study, for the first time in relevant research, we recruited participants using trial-contour power calculations for false-positive responses, such as incorrectly reporting that a brief backward masked face was presented and thoroughly explored these responses. We reported that false-positive responses for backward masked emotional faces were characterised by pre-trial arousal, and post-trial arousal increases, high confidence ratings, and corresponding to stimulus-type misperception valence and arousal participant ratings. These outcomes were most pronounced for false-positive responses for fearful faces. Based on these findings, we discussed the possibility of a mechanism for partial self-encapsulated emotional-experiential apperception and the possibility of a fear primacy socio-emotional response module during combined visual ambiguity and high psychophysiological arousal.</p>","PeriodicalId":49708,"journal":{"name":"Perception","volume":" ","pages":"3-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between play skills and sensory processing in children with autism.","authors":"Sinem Kars, Esra Akı","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2266539","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2266539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Play skills in children with autism are limited due to autism symptoms. It is important to determine the effect of sensory processing skill, which is one of these symptoms, on play skills. Therefore, we aimed to investigate of the relationship between play skills and sensory processing of children with autism. A total of 58 children with autism (<i>n</i> = 29) and typically developing children (<i>n</i> = 29) participated. We used the Sensory Profile and the Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. Children with autism demonstrated a significantly lower developmental play age and were rated lower on all dimensions of the RKPPS than typically developing children. Moreover, the results of this study showed that there are complex correlations between play skills and sensory processing in children with autism. Sensory processing and play skills have complex relationships in children with autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41181882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of CNS tumor location in health-related quality of life outcomes: A systematic review of supratentorial vs infratentorial tumors in childhood survivorship.","authors":"Marike Rüther, Alexander James Hagan, Sarah J Verity","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2268776","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2268776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continued advancements in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors have resulted in a growing proportion of children surviving previously incurable diagnoses. However, survivors of pediatric brain tumors show reduced Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) compared to healthy populations and non-CNS childhood cancer survivors. This review systematically evaluates the existing literature on the influence of supratentorial and infratentorial brain tumor locations on Health-Related Quality of Life outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumors. Five electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published between their inception and January 2022. A purpose-developed evaluative tool was constructed to assess the quality of eligible studies. 16 of the 5270 identified articles were included in this review (<i>n</i> = 1391). This review found little evidence relating to the impact of brain tumor location on HRQoL, with only one study finding a significant difference between supratentorial and infratentorial tumor survivors. Key limitations of the current evidence include poor statistical reporting, ambiguous construct definitions, and insufficient adjustment for confounds. Findings from this review show that recovery from a pediatric brain tumor extends beyond recovery post-treatment and that further study into the factors influencing survivor HRQoL, including the influence of tumor location, is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"128-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41231899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of ILF neurofeedback on inhibitory control in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Seyedeh Neda Esmaeilzadeh Kanafgourabi, Mohsen Shabani, Zahra Mirchi, Hamed Aliyari, Parisa Mahdavi","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2258247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2258247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit impairments in inhibitory control, which can impact their cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Infra-Low Frequency (ILF) neurofeedback in improving inhibitory control among high-functioning adolescents with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blind, two-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted with 24 adolescents with ASD randomly divided into two groups (active and sham; <i>n</i> = 12 per group). Both groups participated in 15 sessions of one-hour ILF neurofeedback, three times per week. The ILF neurofeedback protocol was applied to the active group, while the sham group received an inactive intervention. Outcomes were measured at the pretest, post-test, and follow-up stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ILF neurofeedback significantly improved inhibitory control in adolescents with ASD, as indicated by improvements in behavioral measures and absolute power analysis. The most significant differences were observed in alpha, theta, and gamma waves located in the central areas of the left gyrus. However, no significant effect was observed at the follow-up level on either behavioral measures or absolute power.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that ILF neurofeedback is effective in improving inhibitory control in high-functioning adolescents with ASD. This non-invasive intervention has the potential to improve inhibitory control in this population. However, future research is needed to determine the long-term effects of ILF neurofeedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"55-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelations Among Adolescents' Family Connections, Solitude Preferences, Theory of Mind and Perceptions of Academic and Work Competence.","authors":"Megan Jones, Sandra Bosacki, Victoria Talwar","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386016","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00221325.2024.2386016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the links among family connections, solitude preferences, perceptions of work (academic and job) competence, and Theory of Mind (ToM) in 73 Canadian adolescents aged 11-18 (M age = 13.1). Previous studies show significant connections among these factors, although little is known about how such associations may relate to one another, especially the role of young people's perceptions. To address these gaps in the literature, this study focused on adolescents' experiences and perceptions of their family relationships, solitude preferences, and competence in the school context and workplace. Participants completed a series of self-report measures, advanced ToM tasks and written explanation for perceived family emotional connections. Results revealed that adolescents with more positive family connections reported higher levels of self-perceived academic and job competence, embraced solitude positively, yet felt less desire to be alone. Girls showed a higher affinity for solitude than boys, and the presence of more siblings reduced the desire for solitude. Those youth who were proficient in ToM skills reported positive family connections and high levels of academic competence. Findings hold implications for future research and education in adolescent's social cognition and social and academic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"56-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}