心理学最新文献

{"title":"Expression of Concern: \"Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01461672251372058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251372058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Becoming Speciesist: How Children and Adults Differ in Valuing Animals by Species and Cognitive Capacity.","authors":"Lucius Caviola, Matti Wilks, Claudia Suárez-Yera, Carter Allen, Guy Kahane, Luke McGuire, Nadira S Faber, Antonio J Rojas-Tejada, María Sánchez-Castelló, Jorge L Ordóñez-Carrasco, Paul Bloom","doi":"10.1177/01461672251373108","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251373108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children morally prioritize humans over animals less than adults do. Is this because children are less speciesist-meaning they place less moral weight on mere species membership? Or is it because they give less weight to differences in cognitive capacity between humans and other animals? We investigated this in two experiments, presenting children and adult participants in the United States and Spain with moral trade-off dilemmas. These dilemmas involved individuals who varied in species membership (human vs. monkey) and cognitive capacity. Across both cultures, children were less likely than adults to prioritize humans over animals, regardless of cognitive capacity. In addition, participants tended to prioritize individuals with higher cognitive capacities, regardless of species membership-though this effect was less robust in children. Our findings suggest that children in these Western contexts are indeed less speciesist than adults, though they do not rule out developmental changes in the moral weight assigned to cognitive capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3632-3641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145482621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Do Real-World Rejections Motivate People to Seek out Symbolic Social Bonds? Insights From the Risk-Regulation Model.","authors":"Sandra L Murray, Shira Gabriel, Veronica M Lamarche, Mark D Seery, James K McNulty, Deborah E Ward, Esha Naidu","doi":"10.1177/01461672251384699","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251384699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lack of belonging can negatively affect mental and physical health, but experiences with social rejection are routine. Two studies examined whether being <i>unable</i> to mitigate the risk of rejection in real-world relationships motivates people to defensively immerse themselves in symbolic social bonds with celebrities and fictional characters. Study 1 (four daily diary samples) and Study 2 (cross-sectional sample) operationalized the ability to mitigate risk (i.e., the ability to self-protect) through the amount of time spent in the physical company of potentially hurtful/rejecting close others. In both studies, unmitigated risk (i.e., spending more time with potentially hurtful/rejecting close others) predicted increased/greater engagement with symbolic social bonds. These studies are the first to reveal specific characteristics of social rejection experiences that motivate escape into symbolic social bonds.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3659-3672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and accuracy of specific learning disability diagnoses from childhood to young adulthood.","authors":"Allyson G Harrison, Nathaniel Davin, Emma Jamieson","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2688955","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2688955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Specific learning disorder (SLD) diagnoses made in childhood are often assumed to be stable across development; however, diagnostic stability has frequently been conflated with diagnostic validity. This study examined (a) the accuracy of childhood SLD diagnoses at the time they were made, relative to objective academic impairment and (b) the stability of SLD diagnoses from childhood to young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Archival data were analyzed from 325 postsecondary students who underwent comprehensive adult psychoeducational assessment and for whom childhood assessment documentation was available. Childhood reports were coded for assessment content, diagnostic clarity, and evidence of objective academic impairment. Diagnostic stability was evaluated by comparing childhood and adult SLD diagnoses across reading, written expression, and mathematics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most childhood assessments included standardized measures of cognitive, academic, and behavioral functioning; however, fewer than half included measures of phonological processing, and only 52.3% contained a clear diagnostic statement. Across domains, 82-89% of childhood SLD diagnoses were supported by objective academic impairment at the time of assessment. Despite this, diagnostic stability from childhood to adulthood was moderate, with approximately 59% of childhood diagnoses retained across reading, writing, and mathematics, and roughly 40% not confirmed at adult reassessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that while many childhood SLD diagnoses are supported by contemporaneous academic impairment, that impairment does not always persist into adulthood. These results underscore the importance of distinguishing diagnostic accuracy from diagnostic stability and highlight the need for careful reassessment of learning difficulties in postsecondary contexts rather than reliance on childhood diagnoses alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"907-921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Credibility and expectancy associated with ultra-brief and standard-length digital treatments: A preliminary examination of impact on treatment outcome.","authors":"Melanie Seshadri, Blake F Dear, Madelyne A Bisby","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ultra-brief treatments (i.e., three or fewer sessions/modules) are associated with reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms, though the mechanisms underlying their effects are unclear. Research has yet to compare how perceptions of treatment credibility and outcome expectancy (i.e., how suitable and effective the treatment will be) may differ between ultra-brief and standard-length digital treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (N = 152), the current study examined the distribution of credibility and expectancy prior to receiving either an ultra-brief or standard-length digital transdiagnostic treatment based on cognitive behaviour therapy and explored whether these variables predicted improvement in anxiety or depression symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no differences in how credible and effective participants perceived the two treatment options. In binary logistic regressions, higher credibility and expectancy were associated with greater odds of experiencing a clinically meaningful improvement (≥ 30% reduction) in anxiety (credibility OR = 1.68 [95% CI 1.15, 2.44]; expectancy OR = 1.50 [95% CI 1.11, 2.02]) and depression symptoms (credibility OR = 1.45 [95% CI 1.02, 2.05]; expectancy OR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.03, 1.76]) for the standard-length treatment only. The predictive value of these two variables diminished when they were entered into the models together, highlighting their conceptual overlap. Findings also indicated a potential moderating role for treatment preference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Credibility and expectancy predict treatment outcomes for standard-length digital treatment. Their influence on outcomes in ultra-brief digital treatment is unclear and further research with larger samples is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1276-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing neuropsychology training: Insights and advice from a qualitative analysis in 102 brain-behavior experts.","authors":"Mackenzie J Stabile, Sarah Prieto, Jennifer K Hoots, Sara Vargas, John A Bellone, W Curt LaFrance, Ryan Van Patten","doi":"10.1037/neu0001116","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychologists possess knowledge that could benefit trainees as they navigate important career decisions within their unique training pathways. This wisdom is typically passed down in an individual mentorship model wherein supervisors and advisors relay advice directly. While this model has advantages, trainees can benefit from a broader range of perspectives. This study addressed this gap by consolidating advice for trainees through analysis of open-ended interview responses from a diverse group of brain-behavior experts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were interviewees (<i>N</i> = 102) from the podcast Navigating Neuropsychology (<i>M</i>_age = 52, <i>SD</i> = 11, range = 32-87; 55% late-career, 28% mid-career, 15% early-career; 87% PhD and 8% MD). Participants were asked a standardized question: \"What is one bit of advice that you wish someone told you when you were training, or someone did tell you, that really made a difference?\" Responses were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. A preliminary codebook was developed through discussion among authors. Three coders independently analyzed transcripts and met periodically to arrive at consensus coding. Thematic analysis identified major themes and subthemes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major themes were identified: (a) mentorship and networking, (b) core knowledge and skill acquisition, (c) personal growth, and (d) decision making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results offer actionable guidance for trainees, mentors, and training programs to improve training in neuropsychology. The four major themes underscore the multifaceted nature of training in neuropsychology and emphasize the importance of both technical competence and personal development throughout one's career. This work contributes to ongoing efforts to modernize neuropsychology training and prepare trainees for successful and personally fulfilling careers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"882-894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communal coping in type 1 diabetes: Randomized trial of a couple-focused intervention.","authors":"Vicki S Helgeson","doi":"10.1037/hea0001614","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A great deal of observational research has demonstrated links of communal coping to good relationship and health outcomes among people with chronic disease and their partners. However, there has not been a strong empirical test of a communal coping intervention with the goal of affecting these outcomes. In this study, we developed a couples' intervention for adults with type 1 diabetes based on communal coping-adopting a shared appraisal of diabetes and collaborating with a partner to manage diabetes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited 80 persons (July 2023 to January 2025) with type 1 diabetes (PWD) and their partners and randomly assigned them to intervention or usual care control conditions. The intervention consisted of a single 2-hr session with 7-days of follow-up intervention reminders. There was a baseline assessment and a 6-week follow-up assessment in which primary outcomes (self-care behavior, diabetes distress) and secondary outcomes (relationship quality, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, time in target glucose range, hemoglobin A1c) were assessed. In addition, abbreviated outcome measures were assessed at the end of the day during a 14-day daily diary session that immediately followed the baseline session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention enhanced perception of communal coping among both PWD and partners, as evidenced in both survey and daily diary reports. However, the intervention did not have significant effects on primary or secondary outcomes, with the exception of an increase in time in target glucose range and an increase in daily diary reports of relationship quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conceptual and methodological explanations for these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1072-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative cognitive test performance and typical error patterns among American Indian older adults: The Strong Heart Study.","authors":"Astrid M Suchy-Dicey, Kristoffer Rhoads, Brian French, Dedra Buchwald, W T Longstreth","doi":"10.1037/neu0001093","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Strong Heart Study, a large cohort of American Indians from three U.S. regions, collected standardized neuropsychological assessments from participants aged 65-95 years at two visits (2010-2019), with prior documentation of lower overall score distributions and higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia. This report aims to define expected score ranges for impaired and unimpaired as well as typical error patterns across this multidomain battery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were assessed as cognitive unimpaired (normal) or impaired through case review by a panel of clinicians-experts. Cognitive test score distributions were summarized and regression-normalized by age, sex, education, baseline cognition, bilingual status, and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strongest determinants of variability explained in test scores were age, education, and baseline cognition; depression was also associated with some tests. Error patterns were similar between overall group and intact group. Subitem analyses suggested that some tasks did not contribute to overall scores because most participants either correctly or incorrectly responded to the item. Common item analyses between similar tests suggested that interference may change score interpretability for similar tasks when repeated on different tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data represent the best estimates of expected cognitive test performance for older American Indians and may be useful to clinicians and researchers hoping to contextualize individual performance for patients within this sociodemographic. These results suggest that more research is needed among other Tribal groups, other Indigenous peoples, other socioeconomic contexts, younger ages, and with longitudinal evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"838-851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The family environment in late childhood and early adolescence as a predictor of narcissism in emerging adulthood: Findings from a 17-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.","authors":"Winkie Ma, Emorie D Beck, Richard W Robins","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000614","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of narcissism has been theoretically tied to childhood experiences, yet little empirical research has examined the influence of the family environment on adult narcissism using long-term longitudinal data. The present study identified family factors in late childhood and early adolescence that are prospectively associated with narcissism (grandiosity, superiority, exploitativeness, vulnerability) in emerging adulthood using data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (<i>N</i> = 674) spanning from age 10 to 26. Using structural equation modeling of multimethod data (child report, parent and spouse report, and coded parent-child interactions), we found that grandiosity and superiority were significantly predicted by positive aspects of the family environment (e.g., parental warmth, parent-child relationship quality, parental relationship quality), whereas exploitativeness and vulnerability were significantly predicted by negative aspects of the family environment (e.g., parental hostility, parent-child conflict). These findings were much weaker and often nonsignificant after controlling for earlier levels of narcissism, suggesting that the family environment exerts its effect on adult narcissism via its concurrent effect on adolescent narcissism. Overall, our study highlights several underexplored family factors in childhood that contribute to the development and maintenance of narcissism in adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"866-878"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety-buffer disruption in combat soldiers: the contributions of exposure to combat-related threats, attachment anxiety, and ideological threat to mental health and addiction.","authors":"Uri Lifshin, Vera Skvirsky, Merav Vider, Ariel Kor, Shaul Lev-Ran, Mario Mikulincer","doi":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2669926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2669926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We applied the existential-social psychological perspective of anxiety buffer disruption theory to explain the emergence of psychopathological reactions - post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and substance and behavioral addictions - following exposure to combat-related threats.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Israeli reserve soldiers in the Swords of Iron war (<i>N</i> = 357) completed measures of exposure to combat-related threats during the war, attachment anxiety, political voting, mental health (PTS, anxiety, depression) and problematic substance use and behavioral addictions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In support of our hypotheses, exposure to combat-related threats was associated with increased severity of PTS symptoms, depression, and problematic alcohol consumption, especially among soldiers with high levels of attachment anxiety and those who voted for left/center-wing political opposition parties (for whom the war might be experienced as a threat to their political views). Among left/center-wing political opposition voters, there were also indirect effects of exposure to combat-related threats, attachment anxiety, and political voting on depression, anxiety, and substance and behavioral addictions via PTS severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the transdiagnosis quality of anxiety buffer disruption theory, specifically of attachment anxiety and political-worldview threat, as predictors of both mental health problems and substance and behavioral addictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51415,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety Stress and Coping","volume":" ","pages":"653-669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}