Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献

{"title":"Judged by humans, comforted by machines: How psychological expectations shape experiences and perceptions of AI support.","authors":"Roshni Raveendhran, Trevor A Foulk","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000494","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People frequently encounter minor aversive experiences-such as rude interactions or social slights-that, while not major events, can still affect psychological well-being. In this research, we examine how people experience and perceive social support from artificial intelligence (AI) following such experiences. Drawing on mind perception theory, we propose that initial expectations about AI's experiential capacity relative to humans shape how people experience and perceive AI support. A pilot study demonstrates that people have different initial expectations of AI's versus humans' experiential capacity. Across six studies (five preregistered; total <i>N</i> = 3,341), we found that these initial expectations produce two distinct effects: People report lower fear of negative evaluation after receiving support from AI versus a human, which in turn improves well-being outcomes (Studies 1-3), and people perceive AI as exceeding their expectations for empathy, which in turn drives perceived support effectiveness (Studies 4-6). These effects emerged across controlled simulations and real interactions with actual human and AI support givers. Together, these findings reveal that initial psychological expectations about AI's experiential capacity play a central role in shaping the experience and perception of AI support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"770-789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Yeah, it's biased, but … \": Recognition versus moral condemnation of bias across party lines.","authors":"Hannah B Waldfogel, Brittany C Solomon, Matthew E K Hall","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000492","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amid rising political polarization, derogatory rhetoric targeting social groups has become common and highly contested across party lines. These partisan divides are often attributed to disagreement about whether bias has occurred, and theories of social norms, harm-based moral judgment, and cognitive consistency suggest that recognizing bias should track moral condemnation. Yet other theories suggest that recognition and condemnation are psychologically distinct. We propose that, even when partisans similarly recognize explicit bias (\"yeah, it's biased\"), they may diverge in moral response (\"but …\")-depending on the target's advantaged or disadvantaged status. Across six prestudies (<i>N</i> = 1,197), eight preregistered experiments (<i>N</i> = 7,145), and 16 supplemental studies, including two preregistered experiments (<i>N</i> = 1,029), we examined this \"yeah, but\" phenomenon. For speech that partisans equivalently recognized as biased based on race and gender, Democrats condemned bias against disadvantaged targets more than Republicans; Republicans condemned bias against advantaged targets more than Democrats-patterns that extended to endorsing sanctions (Study 1). Partisans invoked the same justifications-invulnerability to harm and honesty-but selectively so, depending on the target (Study 2). These patterns emerged for biases based on socioeconomic status and religion (Studies 3-4), behaviors (Study 5), and partisanship (which lacks a stable status hierarchy; Study 6). However, a status-juxtaposition intervention (judging bias against both advantaged and disadvantaged groups) narrowed Democrats' within-party asymmetry (Studies 7a-b). By disentangling bias <i>recognition</i> from bias <i>condemnation,</i> we show that moral polarization may persist even when Democrats and Republicans both \"see\" bias and invoke the same moral concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"790-812"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The family environment in late childhood and early adolescence as a predictor of narcissism in emerging adulthood: Findings from a 17-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.","authors":"Winkie Ma, Emorie D Beck, Richard W Robins","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000614","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of narcissism has been theoretically tied to childhood experiences, yet little empirical research has examined the influence of the family environment on adult narcissism using long-term longitudinal data. The present study identified family factors in late childhood and early adolescence that are prospectively associated with narcissism (grandiosity, superiority, exploitativeness, vulnerability) in emerging adulthood using data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (<i>N</i> = 674) spanning from age 10 to 26. Using structural equation modeling of multimethod data (child report, parent and spouse report, and coded parent-child interactions), we found that grandiosity and superiority were significantly predicted by positive aspects of the family environment (e.g., parental warmth, parent-child relationship quality, parental relationship quality), whereas exploitativeness and vulnerability were significantly predicted by negative aspects of the family environment (e.g., parental hostility, parent-child conflict). These findings were much weaker and often nonsignificant after controlling for earlier levels of narcissism, suggesting that the family environment exerts its effect on adult narcissism via its concurrent effect on adolescent narcissism. Overall, our study highlights several underexplored family factors in childhood that contribute to the development and maintenance of narcissism in adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"866-878"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The link between self-esteem and aggression: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.","authors":"Jasmin A Aebi, Oliver Lüdtke, Max Lustenberger, Ulrich Orth","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000613","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preregistered meta-analysis of longitudinal studies investigated the prospective effects between self-esteem and aggression. The link between these constructs has been debated for decades. Some researchers have argued that low self-esteem is a risk factor for aggression, while others have linked high self-esteem to aggression, referring to a \"dark side of high self-esteem.\" A comprehensive literature search led to the inclusion of 47 samples (total <i>N</i> = 40,688). Using one-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling, we estimated dynamic panel models controlling for stable between-person variance in the constructs. The analyses revealed no significant cross-lagged effects; self-esteem did not predict later aggression, nor did aggression predict later self-esteem. When using continuous time meta-analysis to account for between-study differences in time intervals, a significant but small effect of aggression on low self-esteem emerged. The effect of self-esteem on aggression remained nonsignificant. In both types of analyses, the latent factors of self-esteem and aggression were significantly correlated with a large effect size (<i>r</i> = -.35 and <i>r</i> = -.33, respectively). There was little evidence for publication bias. The only evidence of moderation of cross-lagged effects was found for the effect of aggression on self-esteem, which was stronger (i.e., more negative) for hostile-only aggression. Otherwise, the results provided no clear evidence that the prospective effects between self-esteem and aggression differed across aggression dimensions, age, and gender. Taken together, our results indicated that neither low nor high self-esteem appears to be a risk factor for future aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"879-899"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When and why are social categories overused relative to individuating information? A Bayesian approach to identifying biases in impression formation processes.","authors":"Thalia H Vrantsidis, William A Cunningham","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000495","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When making inferences about others, people often need to integrate multiple types of information, including the person's social categories (e.g., occupation) as well as other \"individuating\" information (e.g., their behaviors). The current work reexamines this integration process to understand when and why it produces biases involving overreliance on category information. We identify two key challenges in identifying such biases, and develop a novel Bayesian modeling approach to overcome them. As a first step in applying this approach, the current work examined a set of novel predictions based on viewing the continuum model of impression formation in light of this Bayesian approach. Specifically, a series of six studies tested whether occupation categories might be overused in general, or especially in conditions thought to reduce effortful processing (i.e., greater cognitive load or information consistency). Results showed no evidence of category overuse, nor of shifts in this direction, in any of these conditions (though some ambiguity remained about the load manipulation's effectiveness). This provides initial evidence against the idea that intrinsic differences in how these categories are processed or represented will lead to their overuse. A seventh study provided the first direct evidence of a case where categories were overused: when contextual factors (i.e., background goals) made them the category especially relevant, while processing resources were limited. More broadly, the current work developed the theoretical and methodological foundations for identifying category overuse that stems from biased inference processes and demonstrated the power of this approach for understanding when and why such biases occur. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"739-769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Tailoring personality interventions: How timing, context, and strategies influence proximal intervention outcomes\" by Haehner et al. (2026).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000618","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000618","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reports an error in \"Tailoring personality interventions: How timing, context, and strategies influence proximal intervention outcomes\" by Peter Haehner, Amanda J. Wright, Till Lubczyk, Rosalie Andrae, Eva Asselmann, Susanne Buecker, Christopher J. Hopwood and Wiebke Bleidorn (&lt;i&gt;Journal of Personality and Social Psychology&lt;/i&gt;, Advanced Online Publication, Mar 09, 2026, np; see record 2027-38084-001). In the original article, there were errors in the reported results due to problems in the data preparation pipeline that were discovered after the article was published. Specifically, (a) for two intervention strategies, the dependent variables intervention satisfaction and affect were incorrectly labeled, (b) the compliance variable was prepared inconsistently across intervention strategies, and (c) there were some duplicated rows for some intervention strategies that were included in the model estimation. Finally, several numbers shown in the article, tables, and figures changed as a result of these errors. The original article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2027-38084-001). Personality interventions are a field of growing interest, because many people want to change aspects of their personality and personality changes may positively impact important life outcomes. Although initial research shows that personality interventions can be successful in eliciting lasting trait changes, the strategies, timing, and context of effective personality interventions remain unclear. A careful examination of how these characteristics predict intervention effectiveness would advance theoretical models of volitional personality change. We used intensive longitudinal data from the Changing How I Live Life Study, a smartphone intervention study designed to decrease participants' neuroticism that combines experience sampling methods and mobile sensing (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 399; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;obs&lt;/sub&gt; = 39,878; &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;age&lt;/sub&gt; = 25.48 years; 85% female; 47% living in Switzerland). Using these data, we examined the effects of different intervention strategies and their timing and situational context on the proximal outcomes of intervention adherence, intervention satisfaction, and changes in momentary positive affect. Intervention strategies that targeted the state level of neuroticism had more positive effects on people's momentary affect than habit-level strategies, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of successful personality change. Furthermore, effects differed depending on the timing and situational context of intervention prompts, highlighting possibilities of optimizing the timing of personality interventions. For example, people were more likely to adhere to intervention prompts in quieter environments or when at home. Together, these findings inform theoretical models of personality trait change and can be used to guide the development of effective and refined personality interventions. (Psy","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"865"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtue trade-offs in everyday life.","authors":"Qilin Zhang, Jeremy Jacobson, Benjamin Hardin, Jessie Sun","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000608","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Is it usually possible to be virtuous in all ways, or do people experience ubiquitous trade-offs among moral virtues? Past work has examined a limited set of virtue pairs (e.g., honesty vs. compassion, fairness vs. loyalty) and focused on situations in which trade-offs are likely to occur. Across 2 day reconstruction method studies featuring representative U.S. samples, we investigate the frequency and experience of trade-offs among 12 virtues in everyday life. In Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 377), participants reported virtue conflicts during 12,385 episodes across 1 week. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 988), participants elaborated on one trade-off episode. Trade-offs most often involved honesty and courage, and coding of open-ended responses showed that many (but not all) trade-offs reflected a general tension between benevolence and integrity. Overall, however, prevalence estimates suggested that virtue enactments tend to be largely compatible in daily life. People felt less happy when they experienced a virtue trade-off, but it also mattered how they resolved them. People most often prioritized one virtue over the other (57%) but were most satisfied with their decision in the rare cases (12%) when they overcame the trade-off by showing high levels of both virtues. Finally, there was a general mismatch between people's proclaimed virtue preferences and which virtues they prioritized when they experienced an everyday trade-off (e.g., people prioritized honesty the most in the abstract but the least in everyday decisions). These findings highlight the importance of studying moral decision-making in ecologically valid contexts and have implications for moral education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"695-714"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does losing your job change your personality? Findings from a 16-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin adults.","authors":"Guido Alessandri, Lorenzo Filosa, Richard W Robins","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000609","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research examining the impact of job loss on personality change has yielded inconsistent findings. The present preregistered study extends prior research by analyzing longitudinal data from Sample <i>N</i> = 1,110 predominantly first-generation Mexican-origin adults, who reported on their employment status and Big Five personality traits up to eight times over 16 years. We explored the influence of both individual and spousal unemployment on four forms of personality trait stability and change: rank-order stability, mean-level changes, within-person trait stability, and profile stability. Job loss was associated with a wide range of mean-level personality changes; collectively, the findings suggest that the experience of unemployment can disrupt the normative process of maturation, leading to decreases in conscientiousness and agreeableness and impeding the typical decline in neuroticism. Our study is the first to establish a spillover effect of spousal job loss on partners' personality dynamics, demonstrating that personality changes can occur in response to a partner's job loss. In some cases, these changes paralleled those found for one's own job loss (specifically, gradual postevent declines in agreeableness and openness), whereas in other cases, we found evidence of a compensatory effect (where individuals whose partner lost their job showed an immediate increase in conscientiousness). On the contrary, job loss had no significant effects on rank-order stability, whether experienced by self or spousal, and was associated with higher extraversion within-person trait stability. Likewise, job loss was associated with lower profile stability; those who experienced unemployment showed lower stability in their personality profiles than those who remained employed. These findings highlight the importance of studying the effects of major life transitions on personality change in diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"670-694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive validity of vocational interests for life outcomes across adulthood.","authors":"Lena Roemer, Christopher D Nye, Rong Su, Kevin A Hoff","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000605","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vocational interests predict relevant outcomes in individuals' lives, but most evidence comes from youth. It remains unexplored whether interests continue to predict outcomes across mid and late adulthood, and whether their predictive power varies with age. Drawing on life course and motivational lifespan theories, we hypothesized that the relations of interests with life outcomes depend on structural opportunities and constraints that vary across age. We used large-scale, population-representative data (<i>N</i> = 3,596-8,904) to examine whether vocational interests predict work (e.g., income, unemployment, leadership), <i>relationship</i> (e.g., marriage, divorce), and <i>communal</i> (e.g., civic engagement, cultural participation) outcomes assessed 11 years later. Across adulthood (ages 25-67 at interest assessment), interests significantly contributed to all 12 outcomes, demonstrating that interests are predictive of life outcomes after adolescence and young adulthood. Age-moderation analyses using local structural equation modeling and age-group-specific analyses indicated that many interest-outcome links remained stable throughout adulthood but revealed some differentiated patterns consistent with age-graded opportunities and constraints. Specifically, links between interests and work outcomes were often strongest in mid-career and largely remained stable thereafter. For relationship outcomes, the predictive strength of interests peaked in early adulthood and weakened over midlife. For communal outcomes, most age variation in the predictive strength of interests occurred in later adulthood. Overall, results add a lifespan perspective to interest theory and suggest that age can provide a relevant context to realize interests through life choices, which should be considered in theory and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"715-737"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal dynamics of narcissism and aggression: Timescales, moderators, and generalizations in diverse samples.","authors":"Yuping Liu,Tengwei Sun,Bingtao Zhou,Sander Thomaes,Bo Yang,Jaap J. A. Denissen","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}