Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献

{"title":"Navigating cultural identity: A 20-year longitudinal study of first-generation adult immigrants in Germany.","authors":"Ronja A Runge, Débora B Maehler","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although cultural identity-a bidimensional construct comprised of identification with one's culture of origin (ethnic identity) and country of residence (national identity)-is an important aspect of identity, little is known about its development during adulthood, the longitudinal relationship between the two dimensions, and the factors that influence their development. As maintaining a sense of sameness and self-continuity is particularly difficult for individuals exposed to great contextual and cultural change, we examined the cultural identity trajectories of first-generation adult immigrants (<i>N</i> = 6,846) in Germany during their first 20 years after immigration and tested the impact of sociocultural background, forcedness of migration, and structural integration factors on these individuals' cultural identity development. We used multivariate latent growth curve models based on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to model cultural identity trajectories. The results show that the cultural identity of these immigrants changed over time-especially in the first decade after immigration-with ethnic identity decreasing in strength and national identity increasing. Initial levels of ethnic and national identity were negatively correlated, as were the trajectories of these two dimensions over time. In the context of acculturation research, this indicates that assimilation is the predominant acculturation strategy among immigrants in Germany. In addition, the unique longitudinal findings from this large-scale German data set suggest high interindividual variability in cultural identity trajectories following migration. Identity levels and trajectories were predicted by sociocultural background and were related in part to the forcedness of migration and the degree of structural integration in the country of residence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age as a moderator of gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits: A cross-national and cross-sectional study.","authors":"Arij Yehya, Liisi Ausmees, Samuel D Gosling, Jeff Potter, Anu Realo","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines how age moderates gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits across cultures. Prior research suggests that women generally score higher than men on these traits, with a larger gender gap observed in personality traits in more economically developed, egalitarian, and individualistic countries. Gender differences also vary across age, yet the timing of these changes and the extent to which they are culturally universal remain unclear. Using multilevel modeling in a large cross-sectional online sample (<i>N</i> = 3,038,567; ages 10-65 years, 68 countries), we found that age significantly moderated gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits, with substantial cross-national variation. The gender gap in Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness was wider among older adults in countries with higher levels of individualistic and self-expressive values, higher Human Development Education Index scores, and later mean ages at first marriage and childbearing for women. These findings suggest that broader educational, cultural, and family-related contexts may shape the expression of personality traits across the lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downward spiral: Police-threat associations and perceptions of aggression during arrests are mutually reinforcing.","authors":"Vincenzo J Olivett, Madeleine Stults, David S March","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000461","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, encounters among police officers and civilians are laden with the potential for dangerous outcomes. At the same time, the ubiquity of digital and social media has made observing violent police-civilian encounters easier than ever. Perhaps consequently, recent evidence suggests that Americans automatically associate the police with and behaviorally respond to officers as a source of physical threat. However, little is known about the interplay between observations of violent police encounters and automatic police-threat associations. Four studies (<i>N</i> = 857) reveal a mutually reinforcing dynamic in which (a) automatic police-threat associations shape perceptions of aggression during arrests, (b) perceptions of aggression during arrests influence automatic police-threat associations, and (c) changes in automatic police-threat associations influence downstream perceptions of aggression. That is, people perceive aggression during arrest encounters through the lens of their existing police-threat associations, and these perceptions in turn reinforce those associations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"835-846"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political plausible deniability: Political difference can divert attributions of socially unacceptable bias.","authors":"Brittany C Solomon, Hannah B Waldfogel, Matthew E K Hall","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000470","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While many social biases are considered taboo, bias against political outgroups is increasingly explicit, ubiquitous, and tolerated. We contend that expressing political bias can reduce third-party perceptions of socially unacceptable biases-a phenomenon we call <i>political plausible deniability</i>. By diverting attributions away from biases based on race, gender, or sexual orientation, individuals can express bias yet ostensibly align with social norms. Pretests indicate people intuitively understand the concept of a socially <i>acceptable</i> bias, with political bias rated most acceptable among 15 biases. Across 13 preregistered survey experiments, we find that third parties are less likely to perceive racism, sexism, and (sometimes) heterosexism when an actor expresses an antiliberal statement toward a Black, female, or gay target. These effects emerge across open-ended (Studies 1a-c) and Likert-type (Studies 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-c) responses, which we replicate in a conjoint experiment (Study 5). Participants' political leanings did not moderate effects. Finally, in 12 exploratory studies, we further illuminate political plausible deniability, for example, by examining anticonservative biases, comparing political with other (nonpolitical) biases, and exploring the role of intersecting target identities. Our research exposes an inconspicuous way that political bias may shape social perception, with implications for understanding how prejudice operates in everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"917-933"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural differences in the Personality Triad: The interplay of personality traits, situation characteristics, and behavioral states around the world.","authors":"Niclas Kuper, Gwendolyn Gardiner, Erica Baranski, David C Funder, John F Rauthmann","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000581","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the interplay of persons, situations, and behavior (the Personality Triad) is a key task of psychology. However, previous research has largely focused on Western samples. We examined the Personality Triad across cultures with <i>N</i> = 15,221 participants from 61 countries and one geographic region. Participants reported on one situation from their daily lives. We examined (a) situation characteristic-behavioral state, (b) trait-behavioral state, and (c) trait-situation characteristic associations, as well as (d) Trait × Situation Characteristic interactions predicting behavioral states. We focused on six traits (Big Five, Honesty-Humility), seven situation characteristics (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Sociality), and three self-reported behavioral states (Agency, Enthusiasm, Self-Negativity). Importantly, we included 15 country-level variables (collectivism, self-construal, cultural value orientations, tightness, independent and interdependent happiness, national socioeconomic status) as moderators that might contribute to country differences in the Personality Triad. Bayesian multilevel models showed sizable and expected situation characteristic-behavioral state and trait-behavioral state associations with a high degree of generalization across countries, some cultural differences, and moderator effects contradicting theoretical expectations. For instance, we found weaker situation characteristic effects in collectivistic cultures and stronger trait effects in embedded cultures. Trait-situation characteristic associations were meaningful but smaller, and Trait × Situation Characteristic interactions were small and less often significant (although we observed some expected interactions). We found little evidence for country differences in the latter two relations. We discuss implications and future directions for cross-cultural work on the Personality Triad, including replications and extensions using intensive longitudinal designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1002-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confront in public, validate in private: Effective male allyship responses to sexist remarks.","authors":"Hsuan-Che Brad Huang, Jonathan B Evans","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000515","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspi0000515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowing how to respond to sexist comments and counteract their harmful consequences remains a challenging task for male allies. In this mixed-methods research, our preregistered qualitative study of 82 male leaders from the United States (Study 1) reveals that most intend to confront perpetrators of sexist remarks, with a preference for doing so privately rather than publicly; relatively few intend to validate the experiences of harmed targets. We contend that allies need to consider actions beyond confrontation-a response commonly recommended by scholars and in practice-as well as appropriate social contexts for these allyship behaviors to ensure the inclusion of women who are directly harmed by such remarks. We hypothesize that targets' sense of belonging and voice intentions are optimally supported when allies not only (a) <i>confront transgressors' sexist remarks in public (vs. private</i>) but also (b) <i>validate targets' harmed experiences in private (vs. public).</i> Three preregistered and one complementary experimental studies (Studies 2-4; N = 1,216 U.S. women) from the perspective of women support our theory. Our findings suggest that confrontation should be enacted in public because it directly reinforces gender civility norms, whereas validation is better provided in private to demonstrate concern for dignity. In our final study (Study 5; <i>N</i> = 253 U.S. men), we provide critical insights into how public confrontation-targets' preferred response-might adversely influence the attitudes and behaviors of confronted perpetrators (e.g., bias regulation). By incorporating multiparty perspectives, our research provides actionable recommendations for potential allies, especially men in leadership roles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"934-956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147290292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What stands out to you about me? Implications of self-observation during online intergroup interaction for metaperceived race salience.","authors":"Jacquie D Vorauer,Corey Petsnik,Jasmine Chen","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000522","url":null,"abstract":"Whether a group membership is salient in one's mind is a key determinant of its impact. Accordingly, group membership salience figures prominently in theories of intergroup cognition, affect, and behavior. Based on individuals' ready attention to how they are perceived and might be rejected by others, we reasoned that metaperceived group membership salience-perceptions of a group membership being salient to others-might constitute a critical form of group membership salience that can be distinguished from personal salience and have unique consequences. Further, the threshold for metaperceived salience of visible distinctive group memberships might be sufficiently low during intergroup interaction that it is increased not only by reference to the group but also by seeing oneself. Specifically, we examined visual access to the self, as provided by online communication platforms, as a novel potential trigger for salience, focusing on metaperceived salience of race-relevant characteristics in particular. A combined sample of 392 White/POC dyads (784 individuals) had an exchange in which individuals' self-view was manipulated while their interaction partner's ability to see them was held constant. Self-observation led persons of color to feel that their race and nationality were more salient to their interaction partner than in their own mind, and this discrepancy constituted a path to less powerful interaction behavior by these individuals. No such pattern was evident for other self-aspects or White individuals. Additional research is needed to clarify the robustness and generalizability of these findings, which suggest that a way self-observation during online interaction might uniquely disadvantage persons of color. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environment impressions model.","authors":"Travis Lim, Eric Hehman","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversations about boring topics are more interesting than we think.","authors":"Elizabeth N. Trinh, Nicole Thio, Nadav Klein","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000521","url":null,"abstract":"Conversations enhance social connection and well-being, but the kinds of conversations that come to mind when thinking of these benefits are ones about interesting topics. Everyday life, however, does not spare people from conversations about boring topics. We examine the extent to which people's expectations of conversations about boring topics are calibrated with their actual experiences. Nine preregistered experiments (five in the main text, four in the Supplemental Material; total N = 1,800) reveal that participants consistently underestimated how enjoyable and interesting conversations about boring topics were. Expectations were relatively more calibrated for conversations about interesting topics. This pattern held across virtual and in-person settings, conversations with friends and strangers, and self-generated and experimenter-assigned topics. This occurs partly due to the relative ease of assessing the static elements of conversations and the difficulty of assessing their dynamic elements. The topic is a static element that is easy to assess prior to a conversation, and so people overweight it in their forecasts. The level of engagement conversations command-the need to respond, listen, and pay attention to another person-makes them enjoyable, but is harder to assess because it dynamically emerges only once a conversation begins. Expectations about enjoyment guide decisions to enter conversations, suggesting that miscalibration between predicted and actual enjoyment can lead people to avoid conversations they would, in fact, enjoy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and sources of life satisfaction stability and change at different developmental stages.","authors":"Marco Deppe, Charlotte K. L. Dißelkamp, Andreas J. Forstner, Christian Kandler","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000602","url":null,"abstract":"How life satisfaction develops across several stages of development and to what extent genetic and environmental factors contribute to its stability and change was the focus of this multimodal study. The sample comprises 10,277 participants from the German population-based twin family panel TwinLife including twin pairs from three birth cohorts (Npairs = 2,042, aged 10-33 years), twins' full siblings, and their biological parents (aged 10-81 years). Latent state-trait change models were used to disentangle stable and time-dependent individual differences, as well as variance in systematic change of life satisfaction, measured repeatedly across 8 years. Quantitative genetic models were applied to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to these variance components. Polygenic scores were added to these models for a genotyped subsample (N = 4,581). By analyzing longitudinal twin data and polygenic scores across several developmental stages, the study contributes to the ongoing debate about differences in the heritability of well-being. Life satisfaction showed high rank-order stability (r = .47-.89), which increased with age, and a U-shaped mean-level trend from early adolescence to middle adulthood (Δ ≈ ±0.5 SD). Moreover, 17%-37% of stable life satisfaction differences were explained by genetic differences, while variance in systematic change was entirely environmental, except for young adults, where genetic variance started to emerge. Polygenic scores supported this, as they significantly predicted stable differences (R² = .015), while associations with change were weaker (R² = .002). The prediction of stable differences increased with rank-order stability throughout adolescence and young adulthood (R² = .038) but decreased with the transition to middle and older adulthood (R² = .012). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}