Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献

{"title":"Trust and trust funds: How others' childhood and current social class context influence trust behavior and expectations.","authors":"Kristin Laurin, Holly R Engstrom, Toni Schmader, Khai Qing Chua, Nadav Klein, Stéphane Côté","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust is vital for success in all kinds of social interactions. But how do people decide whether an individual can be trusted? One factor people may consider is that individual's social class. We hypothesize that people trust others from lower social class contexts more than others from higher class contexts; we also consider nuances between current and childhood class context and between trust as a behavior and trust as an expectation. Five preregistered studies (total <i>N</i> = 1,934, with three of five studies including a within-subjects component), and 12 preregistered replications summarized in the supplement, yielded two sets of findings. First, people consistently behaviorally trusted others whose <i>childhoods</i> were spent in low-class (compared to high-class) contexts and expected them to honor that trust. These effects were mediated by perceived morality. Second, people behaviorally trusted others <i>currently</i> in low-class (compared to high-class) contexts, but they did not expect these individuals to honor that trust or perceive them as moral. Instead, the effect of current class was linked to altruism. Our findings emerged in samples drawn from different populations, across varying manipulations of social class, in actual and hypothetical decisions, and with imaginary targets and real acquaintances. We consider implications for the psychology of trust and of social class. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low self-esteem as a risk factor for depression: A longitudinal study with continuous time modeling.","authors":"Jasmin A Aebi,Ulrich Orth","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000560","url":null,"abstract":"Is low self-esteem a risk factor for depression, and do experiences of depression deteriorate an individual's self-esteem? In this preregistered study, we used continuous time modeling to investigate how prospective effects between self-esteem and depression change as a function of the time interval over which the effects are observed. Analyses were based on data from six measurement waves of the Longitudinal Study of Generations, covering a period of 17 years in total. The sample included 2,854 individuals (53% female) aged 16-102 years. Self-esteem and depression were modeled as latent constructs to control for measurement error. Moreover, the models also controlled for stable between-person differences in the constructs. The results indicated that low self-esteem significantly predicted an increase in depression, but that depression did not predict later self-esteem. The effect of self-esteem on depression reached its maximum at a time interval of approximately 2 years, with a standardized cross-lagged effect of -.09. The effect remained significant for a time interval up to 10 years and held for gender and across generations. Moreover, the effect held for three specific factors of depression (i.e., depressed affect, lack of positive affect, and interpersonal difficulties). However, the effect was not found for the depression factor of somatic complaints. The findings provide support for the vulnerability model, which proposes that low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression. Moreover, the findings suggest that this vulnerability effect is best studied over a time course of several years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affiliation motive and social interactions in people's daily life: A temporal processes approach using ecological momentary assessment and mobile sensing.","authors":"Cornelia Wrzus,Yannick Roos,Michael D Krämer,Ramona Schoedel,Mitja D Back,David Richter","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000555","url":null,"abstract":"Individual differences in social traits such as the affiliation motive are closely linked to the formation and maintenance of social relationships. Most previous research focused on long-term characteristics or momentary assessments of social relationships (e.g., social network size, relationship quality), whereas theoretical accounts have emphasized the temporal dynamics, that is, how social interactions unfold over time. The present studies examined how social interactions unfold within days as well as between days, taking personality traits and situational affordances into account. In two multimethod studies (Study 1: N = 307, age 18-80 years, 51% female; Study 2: N = 385, age 19-84 years, 48% female), we assessed participants' social interactions in daily life using ecological momentary assessments and mobile sensing over 2 and 14 days, respectively. Furthermore, participants answered questionnaires on affiliation, additional social traits, and situational affordances, for example, the voluntariness of social situations. Multilevel lead-lag analyses showed that affiliation predicted momentary social desires but not future social interactions, except when social interactions were assessed with unobtrusive mobile sensing. Situational affordances, such as the valence and voluntariness of social interactions, additionally predicted social desires and future contact. The results were largely specific to affiliation and not observed for extraversion. Future research on social interactions would benefit from (a) examining and specifying meaningful timescales of social relationship processes, (b) following the renewed interactionist call for considering person and situation factors, and (c) integrating the myriad of social trait concepts in theories and measurements. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus sampling reimagined: Designing experiments with mix-and-match, analyzing results with stimulus plots.","authors":"Uri Simonsohn,Andres Montealegre,Ioannis Evangelidis","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000449","url":null,"abstract":"Stimuli selection in psychology experiments is typically unsystematic, undocumented, and irreproducible. This makes confounds likely to arise. The statistical analysis of psychology experiments with multiple stimuli, in turn, is typically reported at the aggregate level, averaging across stimuli. This makes confounds unlikely to be detected. Here, we propose changing both the design and analysis of psychology experiments. We introduce \"Mix-and-Match,\" a procedure to systematically and reproducibly stratify-sample stimuli, and \"Stimulus Plots,\" a visualization to report stimulus-level results, contrasting observed with expected variation. We apply both innovations to published studies demonstrating how things would be different with our reimagined approach to stimulus sampling. Finally, we introduce a Mix-and-Match Disclosure Form we propose authors rely on to communicate the design of their studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perplexing patterns of personality codevelopment: Findings from a 17-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin families.","authors":"Evan A Warfel,Angelina Sutin,Emorie D Beck,Richard W Robins","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000561","url":null,"abstract":"The present study addresses a fundamental yet largely neglected question about personality development: To what extent are changes in parent personality traits associated with changes in their child's personality traits? Numerous developmental processes suggest that parent and child personality might have transactional associations over time, contributing to their codevelopment. This codevelopment may be homotypic (e.g., associations between changes in parent and child conscientiousness) and heterotypic (e.g., associations between changes in parent conscientiousness and changes in child extraversion). In addition to investigating the extent to which parent and child personality codevelops, we also investigated the extent to which parental (mother and father) personality codevelops. We tested these ideas using bivariate growth curve models of personality trait assessments from a 17-year longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin families. Intercepts of parent and child trait trajectories were generally correlated, but we did not find significant correlations between the slopes, contrary to our expectation of parent-child codevelopment. We found stronger evidence for codevelopment in mom-dad dyads, with significant slope-slope correlations for extraversion, agreeableness, and openness. In almost all cases, the results generalized across child gender, child nativity, and parental age. We discuss the implications of the findings for adolescent personality development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle polarization on a college campus: Do liberals and conservatives behave differently in everyday life?","authors":"Sanaz Talaifar,Diana Jordan,Samuel D Gosling,Gabriella M Harari","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000545","url":null,"abstract":"Socializing, moving, working, and leisure form the foundation of human experience. We examined whether these foundational, ostensibly nonpolitical behaviors are nevertheless bifurcated along political fault lines, revealing \"lifestyle polarization.\" Study 1 quantified the association between political identity and 61 social, movement, work, and leisure behaviors collected from smartphone sensors and logs (i.e., GPS, microphone, calls, texs, unlocks, activity recognition) and ecological momentary assessments (i.e., querying activity level, activity type, interaction partners, locations) at multiple temporal levels (i.e., daily, mornings, afternoon, evenings, nights, weekends, weekdays) in a sample of up to 1,229 students on a college campus. We found that liberals and conservatives behave differently in everyday life; the behavioral differences were small but robust, not accounted for by other plausible factors (e.g., demographics), and most pronounced in the leisure domain. Study 2 showed that the behavioral differences between liberals and conservatives were not accurately discerned by other students, who overestimated the extent of lifestyle polarization present on their campus. Together, these studies suggest that political identity has penetrated some of the most foundational aspects of everyday life, but not to the degree that people think. We discuss how communities may feel divided not only because of deep ideological disagreements across partisan lines but also because such disagreements are accompanied by distinct lifestyles-both real and (mis)perceived-that may prevent liberals and conservatives from engaging in cross-partisan contact and developing mutual understanding. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The uniquely powerful impact of explicit, blatant dehumanization on support for intergroup violence.","authors":"Alexander P Landry,Isaias Ghezae,Ramzi Abou-Ismail,Sarah Spooner,River J August,Charlotte Mair,Anya Ragnhildstveit,Wim Van den Noortgate,Michele J Gelfand,Paul Seli","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000492","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively address support for intergroup violence, we must understand the psychology promoting it. Dehumanization-the explicit and blatant denial of an outgroup's humanity-is widely considered one such promoter, which has informed extensive research and practice on support for intergroup violence. Nonetheless, dehumanization is often intertwined with intense dislike, raising concerns that dehumanization's explanatory power is much more restricted than widely assumed. In the extreme, \"dehumanization\" is merely another way to express dislike. If so, then theories of dehumanization distort our understanding of the psychology promoting support for intergroup violence. Here, we test dehumanization's reality and explanatory power through three studies that span diverse methods and samples. First, we meta-analyze existing studies on dehumanization and dislike to establish their independent effects on support for violence (k = 120; N = 128,022). We then test the generalizability of these effects across four violent conflicts in the United States, Russia and Ukraine, Israel and the Palestinian diaspora, and India (NTotal = 3,773). In these studies, we also test whether individuals' dehumanizing responses are merely metaphor or whether they are intended literally. Finally, we experimentally isolate dehumanization's role in support for violence in another U.S. sample (N = 753). Our results converge to demonstrate that dehumanization (a) is distinct from dislike and often literal, (b) has a unique-and particularly strong-relationship with support for violence, and (c) can promote such support. This clarifies our understanding of the psychology promoting support for intergroup violence and can inform efforts to address it. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric polarization: The perception that Republicans pose harm to disadvantaged groups drives Democrats' greater dislike of Republicans in social contexts.","authors":"Krishnan Nair,Rajen A Anderson,Trevor Spelman,Mohsen Mosleh,Maryam Kouchaki","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000495","url":null,"abstract":"Given growing political polarization in recent years, partisan dislike-defined as the negativity that individuals display at the prospect of having close social relations with supporters of the other party-has received increasing attention. While traditional work in social and political psychology has held that conservatives display greater outgroup hostility than liberals, the worldview conflict perspective suggests that both groups similarly express hostility toward value incongruent outgroups. Contradicting both established perspectives, we present evidence across five preregistered studies (and two additional studies reported in the Supplemental Materials) conducted between 2022 and 2023-two social media field experiments (N = 10,000) examining actual behavior and five survey-based studies (N = 2,443) operationalizing partisan dislike in various ways (e.g., blocking on social media, rating the likability of various targets, and evaluating hiring suitability)-that Democrats (i.e., liberals) dislike Republicans (i.e., conservatives) more than vice versa. We provide a potential explanation for this phenomenon by extending the worldview conflict perspective to account for asymmetries in how moralized specific values are among two conflicting groups at a given point in time. Specifically, we theorize that in light of recent social trends in the modern-day United States, the moralized belief that counter-partisans pose harm to disadvantaged groups, particularly racial/ethnic minorities, has become an asymmetric contributor to partisan dislike among Democrats. We found support for our theory across both measurement-of-mediation and experimental-mediation approaches and in both field experimental and survey data. Overall, this work advances research on ideology and outgroup hostility and extends the worldview conflict perspective to better explain partisan dislike. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cross-cultural big two: A culturally decentered theoretical and measurement model for personality traits.","authors":"Amber Gayle Thalmayer, Kendall A Mather, Gerard Saucier, Luzelle Naudé, Maria Florence, Tracey-Ann Adonis, Elizabeth N Shino, Stephen Asatsa, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, Lea Z M Bächlin, David M Condon","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000528","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A \"big two\" model has shown stronger cross-cultural replicability and links to theory than other contemporary models of personality trait structure. However, its theoretical and measurement models require better specification. We address this to create an initial English-language version of the Cross-Cultural Big Two Inventory with an empirically informed and culturally decentered approach, meaning that input from global contexts is used from the outset, without prioritizing Western perspectives. Four studies are reported: (1) Fifty-five items were identified from commonalities among 11 global lexical studies to define two factors. Communion/Social Self-Regulation captures the internalization of versus resistance to the normative codes of one's society, with components of warmth, morality, respect, industriousness, and even temper. Agency/Dynamism captures approach versus avoidance tendencies, with components of competence, confidence, fearlessness, positive mood, sociability, and surgency. (2) Items were reduced to the 45 most consistent across English-speaking contexts based on (a) frequency of use in World English corpora; (b) familiarity and exploratory factor analysis results among Africa Long Life Study participants, who were 18-year-olds from Namibia, Kenya, and South Africa (<i>N</i> = 2,958); and (c) distribution test statistics, exploratory factor analysis results, and test-retest reliability in online data from 13 diverse English-speaking countries (<i>N</i> = 63,720). (3) The 45-item Cross-Cultural Big Two Inventory was assessed psychometrically and validated against external criteria in the Africa Long Life Study samples and (4) in the online data and additionally compared to existing two-factor frameworks. The relation of the cross-cultural big two to other two-factor models and theories, its future development, and the potential and importance of culturally decentered models and inventories are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic uniqueness seeking: A cultural perspective.","authors":"Gaoyuan Zhu, John Angus D Hildreth, Ya-Ru Chen","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000429","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Building on the perspectives reflected in the Western intellectual tradition of the psychology of identity and the self, current research in cultural psychology tends to conceptualize uniqueness preferences as reflecting an identity-based motive and argues that people in Western cultures value uniqueness because it is viewed as inherently important to their identity and individuality. In this research, we introduce a complementary Eastern perspective to understand uniqueness preferences and argue that uniqueness preferences can also reflect a strategic motive where people in East Asian cultures may also value uniqueness because of the instrumental material and social benefits they believe uniqueness may confer. We tested our propositions in nine preregistered studies contrasting the decision making of people in the United States with those in China. We found that compared to participants from the United States, those from China were more likely to pursue uniqueness or believe others would pursue uniqueness in situations where being unique could potentially confer material and social benefits (Studies 1a-1c, 2, 4, 5), and this behavioral tendency could be explained in part by participants from China exhibiting a greater strategic motive for uniqueness seeking (Studies 3-5). Further, correlational and experimental studies provided some evidence for the roles of the need for power, power distance orientation, trait competitiveness, and upward social comparison as psychological antecedents to the strategic motive for uniqueness seeking (Studies 5-7). Overall, this research provides an alternative Eastern cultural perspective to balance the prevailing Western cultural perspective for understanding uniqueness preferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1050-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}