Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献

{"title":"Truth over falsehood: Experimental evidence on what persuades and spreads.","authors":"Nicolas Fay, Keith J Ransom, Bradley Walker, Piers D L Howe, Andrew Perfors, Yoshihisa Kashima","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000467","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The English poet John Milton portrayed truth as a powerful warrior capable of defeating falsehood in open combat. The spread of false information online suggests otherwise. Here, we test the persuasive power and transmission potential of true versus false messages in a controlled experimental setting, free from the effects of social media algorithms and bot amplification. Across four experiments (combined <i>N</i> = 4,607), we tested how perceived veracity affects message persuasion and shareability, using messages generated by both humans and large language models. Experiments 1 and 2 (persuasion game) involved participants creating and evaluating persuasive messages; Experiments 3 and 4 (attention game) focused on messages optimized to capture attention. Our findings consistently show that messages created with the intention of being truthful were more persuasive and more likely to be shared than those designed to be false. While perceived message truth was the main driver of persuasion, message transmission was primarily driven by positive emotion and social engagement, indicating that social connection is prioritized during information sharing. These results suggest that truth holds a competitive edge in the marketplace of ideas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Downward Spiral: Police-Threat Associations and Perceptions of Aggression During Arrests Are Mutually Reinforcing","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000461.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000461.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in psychological well-being across the transition to motherhood: Combining longitudinal and experience sampling methods.","authors":"Chau B Tran,Katya Ivanova,Olga Stavrova,Anne K Reitz","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000573","url":null,"abstract":"Becoming a parent is a major life event associated with changes in psychological well-being. Existing research has often focused on the long-term development of trait well-being, leaving several gaps unaddressed. The current preregistered study employed three waves of intensive longitudinal data, including 7-day experience sampling data per wave, to investigate psychological well-being trajectories across the transition to motherhood. This approach provides novel, detailed insights into the timing of well-being changes (beyond traditional annual assessments), explores developments in different change indicators (mean-level, intraindividual variability, and individual differences), and various well-being components (affective, cognitive, and meaning in life) during this critical life transition. Following 161 first-time Dutch mothers from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, we observed increases in positive affect and meaning in life, along with decreases in life and relationship satisfaction that occurred between pregnancy and 2-3 months postpartum, with no significant changes afterward. In contrast, no significant changes in intraindividual variability in well-being (i.e., well-being fluctuations from moment to moment and day to day) were observed throughout the transition. There were both similarities and differences between the trajectories of trait and mean-state measures of different well-being outcomes, and additional exploratory analyses highlighted how various daily predictors (e.g., sleep quality, infant crying) became more (or less) important for mothers' well-being as they moved across the transition. The present study contributed to a better understanding of how the changes in a broad range of well-being components and other parameters unfold across the transition to motherhood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The head, heart, and soul: Lay theories of decision conflict and the role of the true self.","authors":"Daniel J Chiacchia,George E Newman,Rachel L Ruttan","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000465","url":null,"abstract":"Which mental process reveals one's authentic preference-deliberative reasoning or one's gut impulses? The existing literature offers conflicting answers to this question: Some research suggests that people generally see deliberation as more fundamental, while other work suggests that people see intuition as more fundamental. This article argues that belief in a true self provides a unifying framework to explain when participants will attribute one's authentic preference to either System 1 or System 2. In line with predictions made by our theory, the results from four experiments (N = 3,399 American adults) show that attributions about others' authentic preferences vary predictably across normative and nonnormative contexts. Further, we show that the more participants report believing in a good true self, the more their judgments about others adhere to a predictable pattern, and directly manipulating information about a target's true self changes people's judgments about a target's authentic preferences. By integrating theories of decision conflict and existing research on the true self, this work advances our understanding of how people reason about others' minds, revealing how lay theories about identity can systematically shape social prediction and judgment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking temperament and personality traits from late childhood to adulthood by examining continuity, stability, and change.","authors":"Whitney R Ringwald,Katherine M Lawson,Aleksandra Kaurin,Richard W Robins","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000576","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of personality development emphasize the continuity between who we are as a child and who we are as an adult. The conceptual overlap in influential trait taxonomies designed for children (Rothbart's temperament model) and adults (the Big Five personality) has reinforced theories about developmental continuity, but key hypotheses remain untested because no studies have linked these trait models longitudinally. To bridge this divide, the present study used longitudinal data from a sample of 674 Mexican-origin youth who completed assessments of Rothbart's temperament traits (i.e., Negative Emotionality, Surgency, Affiliation, Effortful Control) from ages 10 to 16 and assessments of Big Five personality traits from ages 14 to 26. Leveraging two waves of overlapping temperament/personality trait assessments at ages 14 and 16, we found the following: (a) continuity between childhood/adolescent temperament and age 26 personality, with the strongest associations between conceptually similar traits, and Effortful Control predicting all Big Five traits (except Extraversion), suggesting self-regulation broadly promotes maturation; (b) temperament starts predicting adult personality traits by age 12-14, consistent with theory positing the temperamental foundations of adult personality crystallize in adolescence; (c) conceptually similar temperament/personality traits reflect different expressions of the same underlying trait from age 10 to 26, established by latent growth models of joint temperament/personality factors; and (d) mean-level personality development across late childhood to adulthood showing that all joint traits maintain consistent rank-order stability and youth increase in Effortful Control/Conscientiousness, decrease in Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism and Surgency/Extraversion, and do not change in Affiliation/Agreeableness. Findings add novel support for widely accepted-yet largely untested-theories, although some unexpected results undermine prevailing assumptions about personality trait development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Truth Over Falsehood: Experimental Evidence on What Persuades and Spreads","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000467.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000467.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for The Head, Heart, and Soul: Lay Theories of Decision Conflict and the Role of the True Self","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000465.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000465.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-equality: Inequality increases with the number of allocation recipients.","authors":"Stephen M Garcia,Avishalom Tor","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000504","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the equality preferences of resource allocators, finding that a ubiquitous situational factor-the mere number of recipients (N)-shapes the trade-offs these allocators make between their equality concerns and other considerations. Specifically, our studies offer evidence for an N-Equality effect: Third-party allocators become less concerned about inequality as the number of recipients increases. A pilot study illustrates the N-Equality effect with university faculty salaries, showing that the variance in faculty salaries increases with department size. Study 1 offers experimental evidence that allocators facing a trade-off between equality and the distributive principles of efficiency and equity give less weight to equality as the number of recipients increases, and supplemental experiments replicate the effect with different equality-efficiency trade-offs. Study 2 reveals the N-Equality effect in allocators' choice that requires an equality-equity trade-off between low variance and high variance distributions. Studies 3a-c implicate the contribution of social comparison to the N-Equality effect, linking allocators' preferences to their concerns over social comparison among recipients (Studies 3a and 3c) and showing this concern mediates the N-Equality effect (Study 3b). We conclude with implications for inequality research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Changes in Psychological Well-Being Across the Transition to Motherhood: Combining Longitudinal and Experience Sampling Methods","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000573.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000573.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for N-Equality: Inequality Increases With the Number of Allocation Recipients","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000504.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000504.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}