Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献_第3页

Pluralistic ignorance of stigma impedes take-up of welfare benefits. 对耻辱的多元无知阻碍了福利的利用。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000466

Alice Lee-Yoon,Sherry J Wu,Jason C Chin,Heather M Caruso,Eugene M Caruso

{"title":"Pluralistic ignorance of stigma impedes take-up of welfare benefits.","authors":"Alice Lee-Yoon,Sherry J Wu,Jason C Chin,Heather M Caruso,Eugene M Caruso","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000466","url":null,"abstract":"For the past decade, the United States spent hundreds of billions of dollars annually on public welfare programs, yet over 30% of eligible individuals do not access benefits distributed through these programs. We propose that a key barrier to program participation is miscalibrated perception of public stigma-individuals' pessimistic impressions of the stigma with which the general public regards welfare-eligible people. First, we examine how people's own attitudes toward a welfare-eligible individual compare to their estimates of parallel attitudes among their peers and among the general public. Study 1 specifically categorizes spontaneous reactions to learning someone is eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits: stigma, negativity about help-seeking, pity, envy, willingness to help, happiness, and admiration. Using these seven dimensions, Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate widespread pluralistic ignorance of welfare stigma: Participants believed that they held more positive, and less negative, attitudes toward SNAP-eligible individuals than did their peers or the American public. Studies 3A and 3B utilize established, incentive-compatible designs from the pluralistic ignorance literature to reveal that participants held less negative personal views about the SNAP-eligible population than they believed others did. Study 4 demonstrates the causal potential of perceived public stigma to reduce individuals' intentions to apply for SNAP and to refer the program to peers. Study 5 tests an intervention with a SNAP-eligible population to demonstrate that perceived public stigma can indeed be decreased, although the observed decreases were not sufficient to increase near-term SNAP application or referral tendencies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ML-SPEAK: A theory-guided machine learning method for studying and predicting conversational turn-taking patterns. ML-SPEAK：一种理论指导的机器学习方法，用于研究和预测会话轮流模式。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000575

Lisa R O'Bryan,Madeline Navarro,Juan Segundo Hevia,Santiago Segarra

{"title":"ML-SPEAK: A theory-guided machine learning method for studying and predicting conversational turn-taking patterns.","authors":"Lisa R O'Bryan,Madeline Navarro,Juan Segundo Hevia,Santiago Segarra","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000575","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting team dynamics from personality traits remains a fundamental challenge for the psychological sciences and team-based organizations. Understanding how team composition shapes team processes can significantly advance team-based research along with providing practical guidelines for team staffing and training. Although the input-process-output model has been a useful theoretical framework for studying these connections, the complex nature of team member interactions demands a more dynamic approach. We develop a computational model of conversational turn-taking within self-organized teams that can provide insight into the relationships between team member characteristics and team communication dynamics. We focus on turn-taking patterns between team members, independent of content, which can significantly influence team emergent states and outcomes while being objectively measurable and quantifiable. As our ML-SPEAK model is trained on conversational data from teams of given trait compositions, it can learn the relationships between individual traits and speaking behaviors and predict group-wide patterns of communication based on team trait composition alone. We first evaluate the performance of our model using simulated data and then apply it to real-world data collected from self-organized student teams. In comparison to baselines, our model is more accurate at predicting speaking turn sequences and can reveal new relationships between team members' traits and their communication patterns. Our approach offers a data-driven and dynamic understanding of team processes. By bridging the gap between individual characteristics and team communication patterns, our model has the potential to inform theories of team processes and provide powerful insights into optimizing team staffing and training. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for ML-SPEAK: A Theory-Guided Machine Learning Method for Studying and Predicting Conversational Turn-Taking Patterns ML-SPEAK补充材料：一种理论指导的机器学习方法，用于研究和预测会话轮流模式

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000575.supp

引用次数: 0

Revisiting situational strength: Do strong situations restrict variance in behaviors? 重新审视情境强度：强势情境是否会限制行为差异？

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000475

Ranran Li, Daniel Balliet, Isabel Thielmann, Reinout E de Vries

{"title":"Revisiting situational strength: Do strong situations restrict variance in behaviors?","authors":"Ranran Li, Daniel Balliet, Isabel Thielmann, Reinout E de Vries","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000475","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspi0000475","url":null,"abstract":"The idea that strong situations restrict variance in behaviors has been treated as a maxim in psychology. Prior work has, however, offered inconclusive support for this proposition. We aimed to overcome the limitations of prior research to conclusively test the restricted variance hypothesis derived from the situational strength framework. Specifically, we conducted a preregistered meta-analysis (k = 301, N = 25,670) in the context of cooperative behavior observed within the standard social dilemma paradigm. We found that strong, compared with weak, situations (theorized and validated via perception ratings) indeed restricted variance in behaviors. Moreover, ratings on perceived situational strength of specific experimental conditions (k = 138, nstudies = 41) further supported the hypothesis that higher levels of perceived situational strength were associated with less variance in behavior. Our findings have important theoretical implications for understanding the situational forces shaping social behavior and for advancing research on person-situation interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"551-575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing others through information selection: Establishing the phenomenon and its preconditions. 通过信息选择提升他人：确定现象及其先决条件。

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000439

Xi Shen, Allison Earl, Dolores Albarracin

{"title":"Enhancing others through information selection: Establishing the phenomenon and its preconditions.","authors":"Xi Shen, Allison Earl, Dolores Albarracin","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000439","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000439","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has uncovered that people prefer to deliver positive news and flattering feedback to others. However, less is known about the generalizability and motives underlying the general selection of information to enhance others' self-views. Over a series of seven experiments (six preregistered), participants (total N = 3,117) informed others that a test the others had taken was either valid or invalid. Participants were more likely to choose information that the test was valid when the others performed well but invalid when the test takers performed poorly, thus selecting information that would enhance others' positive self-views. However, this selection pattern was present only for likable and neutral others, dissipating when the others were described as having reproachable traits (Experiments 1-3, 5a and 5b) and when participants had the goal of providing accurate information (Experiment 6). This selection bias, which was driven by an interest in pleasing others, was present across different tests (Experiments 3, 5a, and 5b), showed when the others did and did not have self-enhancing views, and when objective information about the test validity was provided (Experiments 4, 5a, and 5b). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"509-528"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The structure of self-related core beliefs. 自我相关核心信念的结构。

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000553

Patrick Mussel

{"title":"The structure of self-related core beliefs.","authors":"Patrick Mussel","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000553","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000553","url":null,"abstract":"Self-related core beliefs, reflecting what individuals think about themselves, constitute an important individual difference variable. To date, the literature on the structure of self-related core beliefs is scattered and disconnected, with many approaches developed outside personality psychology. In three studies, the present research presents an integration of existing approaches and an investigation of the underlying structure of self-related core beliefs proposed in these approaches. In the first study, a systematic review identifies existing approaches across subdisciplines. In the second study, a novel natural language processing approach is used to investigate and aggregate the identified beliefs on a semantic level. The third study provides an empirical analysis of the underlying latent structure via network analyses, factor analyses, and exploratory structure equation modeling. Results reveal that the structure of self-related core beliefs can be described on different hierarchical levels, including 97 nuances (e.g., entitled), 20 facets (e.g., rejected), and high-bandwidth dimensions of valence (positive vs. negative), direction (approach vs. withdrawal), and domain (agency, self-esteem, and communion). A structural, network-based model, the CorBel model, is presented which integrates the results. The results of the present research may promote a more comprehensive approach in research and applied settings such as counseling or health prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"618-648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The strategic use of harm-based moral arguments in the context of women's bodily autonomy. 在女性身体自主的背景下策略性地使用基于伤害的道德论点。

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000441

Thekla Morgenroth, Michelle K Ryan, Abigael S Click, Nadira S Faber

引用次数: 0

Inference from social evaluation. 来自社会评价的推论。

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000445

Zachary J Davis, Kelsey R Allen, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Julian Jara-Ettinger, Tobias Gerstenberg

{"title":"Inference from social evaluation.","authors":"Zachary J Davis, Kelsey R Allen, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Julian Jara-Ettinger, Tobias Gerstenberg","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000445","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000445","url":null,"abstract":"People have a remarkable ability to infer the hidden causes of things. From physical evidence, such as muddy footprints on the floor, we can figure out what happened and who did it. Here, we investigate another source of evidence: social evaluations. Social evaluations, such as praise or blame, are commonplace in everyday conversations. While such evaluations do not fully reveal what happened, they provide valuable clues. Across three experiments, we present situations where a person was praised or blamed, and participants' task is to use that information to figure out what happened. In Experiment 1, we find that people draw systematic inferences from social evaluations about situational factors, a person's actions, capabilities, and social roles. In Experiments 2 and 3, we develop computational models that generate praise and blame judgments by considering what causal role a person's action played, and what action they should have taken. Inverting these generative models of praise and blame via Bayesian inference yields accurate predictions about what inferences participants draw based on social evaluations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"439-476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An illusion of unfairness in random coin flips. 随机抛硬币时产生的不公平错觉。

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000447

Rémy A Furrer, Timothy D Wilson, Daniel T Gilbert

{"title":"An illusion of unfairness in random coin flips.","authors":"Rémy A Furrer, Timothy D Wilson, Daniel T Gilbert","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000447","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000447","url":null,"abstract":"Random procedures, such as coin flips, are used to settle disputes and allocate resources in a fair manner. Even though the outcome is random, we hypothesized that people would be sensitive to features of the process that make it seem unfair, that is, who gets to call heads or tails and flip the coin. In 11 studies (N = 5,925) participants competed against another participant for a positive or negative outcome, determined by a physical or virtual coin flip. The independent variable was who called heads or tails and flipped the coin: the participant or their opponent. When participants lost the flip, we found an illusion of unfairness: They reported that the process was less fair, were less pleased with their outcome, and found the other person less likable when their opponent flipped the coin. When participants won the flip, they thought it was less fair, and they felt guiltier when they had flipped the coin. We present evidence that these fairness judgments were based on both illusory procedural control (the person who flips the coin appears to have an unfair advantage by virtue of executing the flip before the outcome is known) and illusory outcome control (the belief that the flipper can influence the outcome of the flip). Further, the illusion of unfairness appears to be a quick, intuitive process that is not easily corrected. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on procedural justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"496-508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Politically extreme individuals exhibit similar neural processing despite ideological differences. 尽管意识形态不同，但政治极端的个人表现出相似的神经处理过程。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000460

Daantje de Bruin, Oriel FeldmanHall

引用次数: 0