Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献_第4页

Morality cut both ways: The role of cognition and emotion in attitude moralization and demoralization. 道德是双向的：认知和情感在态度道德化和道德道德化中的作用。

IF 6.8 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000489

Paul E Teas, Linda J Skitka

{"title":"Morality cut both ways: The role of cognition and emotion in attitude moralization and demoralization.","authors":"Paul E Teas, Linda J Skitka","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000489","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000489","url":null,"abstract":"Moralized attitudes motivate social change, political participation, and charitable giving, but at the same time, hinder compromise, conformity, and acceptance of procedural solutions to conflict. Although considerable research has explored the consequences of moralized attitudes, the processes that lead to attitude moralization and demoralization are less clear. Across six studies (N = 4,464), we contrasted the moralization of attitudes about male circumcision (typically viewed as a matter of preference or convention in the United States) with the demoralization of attitudes about female circumcision (a practice most Americans see as immoral). For male circumcision, stronger negative emotional reactions consistently mediated the association between exposure to evocative information and stronger moral conviction, even when accounting for participants' underlying levels of support or opposition. For female circumcision, demoralization was observed but less consistently across studies, and mediational evidence emerged only under stronger informational \"pushes\": No individual piece of information was potent enough to predict demoralization on its own when participants chose which information to read, but weaker negative emotional reactions fully mediated the effect of information exposure on reduced moral conviction when participants were randomly assigned to read all (vs. no) information. These findings suggest that although negative emotion plays a central role in both moralization and demoralization, demoralization is harder to achieve and may require more extensive information exposure. In other words, attitudes may acquire their moral significance more readily than they lose it. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"268-287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can I make the time or is it running out? That depends in part on what difficulty implies about me. 我有时间吗？还是没时间了？这部分取决于困难对我意味着什么。

IF 6.8 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-18 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000487

Su Young Kevin Choi, Daphna Oyserman

{"title":"Can I make the time or is it running out? That depends in part on what difficulty implies about me.","authors":"Su Young Kevin Choi, Daphna Oyserman","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000487","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000487","url":null,"abstract":"When thinking about a task or goal feels difficult, people can interpret this as signaling self-relevant value (difficulty-as-importance) and a reminder to stop wasting time on self-irrelevant things (difficulty-as-impossibility). Identity-based motivation theory predicts that both interpretations are available in memory, vary in momentary accessibility, and shape action in part through activating action-relevant judgments. We note that in situations calling for task engagement, action-relevant judgment entails making sense of time, an abstract concept that people reason about metaphorically. We test this novel prediction that difficulty mindsets shape action in part by shaping how people reason metaphorically about time by examining associations (N = 941) and documenting effects of mindset accessibility (using an autobiographical recall task, N = 1,676) on how much people endorse the time-as-limited and time-as-expandable aspects of the time-as-resource metaphor. Indeed, across experiments, people more strongly endorsed time-as-limited, less strongly endorsed time-as-expandable and saw these aspects of the time-as-resource metaphor as more negatively correlated if randomized to the difficulty-as-impossibility (vs. difficulty-as-importance) recall condition. Supporting our novel prediction, the consequence of accessible difficulty mindsets on task engagement (Experiments 2-3) and performance (Experiments 4-5), confidence in goal progress and experienced time to make progress (the length of the line they drew to represent the semester or year, Experiments 6-7) occurred partly through the effect of accessible mindsets on momentary judgments of time-as-limited and time-as-expandable, as revealed in statistical mediation analyses. In situations requiring task engagement and assessing goal certainty, accessible difficulty mindsets matter in part by momentarily shifting judgments about having time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"231-249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolving together: Dynamic transactions of antagonistic and self-centered traits with couple relationships. 共同进化：对抗性和自我中心特征与夫妻关系的动态交易。

IF 6.8 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000607

Anna Braig, Matthew D Johnson, Marcus Mund, Franz J Neyer

{"title":"Evolving together: Dynamic transactions of antagonistic and self-centered traits with couple relationships.","authors":"Anna Braig, Matthew D Johnson, Marcus Mund, Franz J Neyer","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000607","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000607","url":null,"abstract":"The reciprocal influence between personality and relationship experiences has been of considerable interest, but there is little research on the extent to which changes in relationship quality are shaped by changes in antagonistic or self-centered personality traits or, conversely, how changes in relationship quality impact these traits. In the present study, we examined how Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism are linked to key aspects of romantic relationships, including relationship satisfaction, commitment, reciprocity orientation, and verbal aggression. We used data from the German Family Panel (pairfam). The analyzed sample included N = 1,925 couples, with a mean age of 36.48 years (SD = 7.62) for anchor persons and 36.91 years (SD = 8.71) for their partners at the first measurement occasion. Across three waves of data collection, each 2 years apart, we applied extended bivariate latent change models. The results revealed both cross-sectional associations and correlated changes between the antagonistic/self-centered traits and relationship satisfaction, commitment, reciprocity orientation, and verbal aggression, with both actor and partner effects. Generally, higher levels in these traits were linked to lower relationship satisfaction and commitment, alongside higher reciprocity orientation and verbal aggression. Moreover, findings indicated a reciprocal influence between personality (change) and relationship (change), again involving both actor and partner effects, with narcissism showing the most consistent associations with relationship dynamics. The results are discussed in the context of existing literature on personality development in partner relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"131 2","pages":"380-398"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating cultural identity: A 20-year longitudinal study of first-generation adult immigrants in Germany. 导航文化认同：对德国第一代成年移民的20年纵向研究。

IF 6.8 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000603

Ronja A Runge, Débora B Maehler

{"title":"Navigating cultural identity: A 20-year longitudinal study of first-generation adult immigrants in Germany.","authors":"Ronja A Runge, Débora B Maehler","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000603","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000603","url":null,"abstract":"Although cultural identity-a bidimensional construct comprised of identification with one's culture of origin (ethnic identity) and country of residence (national identity)-is an important aspect of identity, little is known about its development during adulthood, the longitudinal relationship between the two dimensions, and the factors that influence their development. As maintaining a sense of sameness and self-continuity is particularly difficult for individuals exposed to great contextual and cultural change, we examined the cultural identity trajectories of first-generation adult immigrants (N = 6,846) in Germany during their first 20 years after immigration and tested the impact of sociocultural background, forcedness of migration, and structural integration factors on these individuals' cultural identity development. We used multivariate latent growth curve models based on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to model cultural identity trajectories. The results show that the cultural identity of these immigrants changed over time-especially in the first decade after immigration-with ethnic identity decreasing in strength and national identity increasing. Initial levels of ethnic and national identity were negatively correlated, as were the trajectories of these two dimensions over time. In the context of acculturation research, this indicates that assimilation is the predominant acculturation strategy among immigrants in Germany. In addition, the unique longitudinal findings from this large-scale German data set suggest high interindividual variability in cultural identity trajectories following migration. Identity levels and trajectories were predicted by sociocultural background and were related in part to the forcedness of migration and the degree of structural integration in the country of residence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age as a moderator of gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits: A cross-national and cross-sectional study. 年龄对五因素模型人格特质性别差异的调节作用：一项跨国和横断面研究。

IF 6.8 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000604

Arij Yehya, Liisi Ausmees, Samuel D Gosling, Jeff Potter, Anu Realo

{"title":"Age as a moderator of gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits: A cross-national and cross-sectional study.","authors":"Arij Yehya, Liisi Ausmees, Samuel D Gosling, Jeff Potter, Anu Realo","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000604","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000604","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how age moderates gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits across cultures. Prior research suggests that women generally score higher than men on these traits, with a larger gender gap observed in personality traits in more economically developed, egalitarian, and individualistic countries. Gender differences also vary across age, yet the timing of these changes and the extent to which they are culturally universal remain unclear. Using multilevel modeling in a large cross-sectional online sample (N = 3,038,567; ages 10-65 years, 68 countries), we found that age significantly moderated gender differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits, with substantial cross-national variation. The gender gap in Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness was wider among older adults in countries with higher levels of individualistic and self-expressive values, higher Human Development Education Index scores, and later mean ages at first marriage and childbearing for women. These findings suggest that broader educational, cultural, and family-related contexts may shape the expression of personality traits across the lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"321-336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compassion persists: The effects of repeated exposure to suffering on compassion. 同情心持续存在：反复遭受痛苦对同情心的影响。

IF 6.8 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000529

Jaweria Qaiser, Solomiya Draga, Linh N P Pham, Nathan Leonhardt, Jennifer E Stellar

{"title":"Compassion persists: The effects of repeated exposure to suffering on compassion.","authors":"Jaweria Qaiser, Solomiya Draga, Linh N P Pham, Nathan Leonhardt, Jennifer E Stellar","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000529","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspi0000529","url":null,"abstract":"Is compassion more analogous to an infinite well in which individuals have unending reserves or a finite resource that wanes with use? To investigate this question, we created and tested a standardized acute paradigm in which participants repeatedly witnessed others' suffering. We longitudinally measured subjective, expressive, and physiological markers of compassion as participants watched 12 (Study 1 and preregistered Study 2) or 29 (preregistered Study 3) pilot-tested compassion-inducing videos. We repeatedly measured self-reports of compassion along with other measures, expressions of compassion, and physiological markers of compassion (e.g., respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Across three studies (Ntotal = 677), self-reports, expressions, and physiological markers of compassion showed no evidence of decline; instead, they remained stable or increased over time. We found evidence for changes in other psychological measures (e.g., greater reported difficulty coping) across the paradigm and documented declines in well-being along with the emergence of compassion fatigue symptoms from pre- to postparadigm. These findings suggest that the experience of compassion persists even in the face of repeated exposure to others' suffering, and that phenomena like compassion fatigue may reflect the burden of sustaining compassion rather than a decline in compassion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How institutional distrust breeds one-sided leadership: A consistency-based account. 制度性不信任如何滋生一边倒的领导：基于一致性的解释。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000527

Claire Linares,Anne-Sophie Chaxel

{"title":"How institutional distrust breeds one-sided leadership: A consistency-based account.","authors":"Claire Linares,Anne-Sophie Chaxel","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000527","url":null,"abstract":"Declining institutional trust across democracies raises pressing questions about its social consequences. We examine how institutional distrust shapes leadership preferences. We propose that institutional distrust creates a dissonant state. When institutions are seen as violating normative expectations of benevolence, individuals experience cognitive conflict between distrusting institutions and believing that they ought to serve the public interest. We argue that such a conflict heightens the need for cognitive consistency, which in turn increases preferences for leaders who express one-sided, unambivalent stances. We test this account across five sets of studies conducted in eight countries. Studies 1A and 1B establish that institutional distrust elicits cognitive conflict and that this effect is stronger among individuals who strongly believe that institutions should act in the best interest of all. Studies 2A, 2B, and 2C demonstrate that cognitive conflict mediates the effect of institutional distrust on the need for cognitive consistency using experimental designs and cross-national samples, with Study 2C further examining self-relevance as a moderator. Studies 3A and 3B show that heightened need for cognitive consistency predicts stronger preferences for one-sided leaders. Studies 4A and 4B provide evidence for the full serial mediation model across experimental and correlational designs. Finally, Study 5 uses reverse correlation to demonstrate that under institutional distrust, the mental representation of a prototypical leader appears more one-sided. Together, these findings identify cognitive consistency as a key mechanism through which rising institutional distrust reshapes leadership preferences. More broadly, they support cognitive dissonance theory by identifying its process in one topical context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When having less elevates more: Benefactor income, moral elevation, and prosocial contagion among observers. 当拥有更少时，会提升更多：捐助者收入、道德提升和观察者之间的亲社会传染。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000493

Bingqing Miranda Yin,Jenny G Olson,Yexin Jessica Li

{"title":"When having less elevates more: Benefactor income, moral elevation, and prosocial contagion among observers.","authors":"Bingqing Miranda Yin,Jenny G Olson,Yexin Jessica Li","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000493","url":null,"abstract":"Across nine experiments featuring both hypothetical donations and incentive-compatible designs, we examine how benefactor income shapes observers' emotional and behavioral responses to witnessing prosocial behavior. We show that identical acts of giving elicit different levels of moral elevation and downstream generosity depending on who gives. Specifically, generosity from low-income (vs. high-income) benefactors is perceived as more altruistically motivated, which elicits stronger feelings of moral elevation and, in turn, prosocial contagion. We theorize that these effects occur not because high-income benefactors are demotivating but because low-income benefactors reduce observers' skepticism, consistent with a virtue discounting account. These effects are context dependent such that the presence of high-income benefactors attenuates moral elevation and generosity even when low-income benefactors are also present, whereas making altruistic motives salient attenuates income-based differences in moral elevation and subsequent giving. We further show that these effects are not fully explained by alternative mechanisms such as general positive affect, guilt, or self-reflection. By linking income-based motive inferences, virtue discounting, and moral elevation, this research advances understanding of how prosocial behavior spreads socially and why identical acts of generosity can inspire markedly different downstream responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tightening up under threat: Social class shapes the strength of norms. 在威胁下收紧：社会阶级塑造了规范的强度。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000524

Ying Lin,Jesse R Harrington,Michele J Gelfand

{"title":"Tightening up under threat: Social class shapes the strength of norms.","authors":"Ying Lin,Jesse R Harrington,Michele J Gelfand","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000524","url":null,"abstract":"Social class is more than an economic divide; it engenders distinct cultural patterns. Building on tightness-looseness theory, we identify a critical yet overlooked dimension of within-society cultural variation across social class contexts: the strength of social norms. We propose that lower class contexts foster tighter cultures, characterized by stricter norms and lower tolerance for deviance, as a functional adaptation to chronic socioeconomic threat. Across five studies, we demonstrate that the lower class culture is tighter than the higher class one. Study 1 (57 countries) reveals that lower class individuals are less tolerant of norm violations and more inclined to punish them. Meta-analyses of global data over 52 years show that this divergence in tightness-looseness is associated with a broader trade-off between order and openness: The lower class emphasizes social order yet exhibits lower openness to new people, ideas, and change compared to the higher class (Study 2). Studies 3 and 4 identify the psychological mechanisms, showing that lower social class is associated with greater exposure to socioeconomic threat and heightened vigilance toward danger, which in turn are associated with greater tightness. These threat-based adaptations are further transmitted and reinforced through parental practices. Finally, Study 5 provides experimental evidence that lower class contexts causally increase the need for cultural tightness. By elucidating how social class shapes the experience, adherence, and enforcement of norms, we offer a new framework for understanding cultural differentiation within societies-revealing tightness-looseness as a product of structurally unequal threat exposure that is transmitted across generations and may itself perpetuate class inequality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unconscious mental content in implicit evaluation: Evidence from misprediction. 内隐评价中的无意识心理内容：来自错误预测的证据。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000491

Benedek Kurdi,David E Melnikoff,Adam Morris

{"title":"Unconscious mental content in implicit evaluation: Evidence from misprediction.","authors":"Benedek Kurdi,David E Melnikoff,Adam Morris","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000491","url":null,"abstract":"The tide is turning against a major idea in social psychology: that implicit evaluations reflect mental content that lies beyond conscious awareness. This view is being reconsidered in light of mounting evidence that people can predict their own implicit evaluations with high accuracy. However, there are reasons to question whether such predictive accuracy reflects introspective access. First, prior studies have relied almost exclusively on familiar targets (e.g., racial groups), allowing predictions to be informed by background knowledge (e.g., knowing that a group is stigmatized) rather than introspection. Second, implicit and explicit evaluations have been highly correlated in prior work, enabling accurate predictions simply by assuming that implicit evaluations mirror explicit ones. Here, we report eight experiments (five pre-registered; N = 6,794) designed to minimize these nonintrospective routes to predictive accuracy. We introduced participants to novel targets and shifted implicit and explicit evaluations of these targets in opposite directions, rendering explicit evaluations an unreliable cue. Under these conditions, predictive accuracy ranged from low to nonexistent; participants frequently anticipated shifts in their implicit evaluations in the opposite direction of the actual change. These results generalized across two learning paradigms (impression formation and attribute conditioning), two implicit evaluation measures (Implicit Association Test and evaluative priming task), and between-participant and within-participant designs. We consider multiple interpretations of these findings, including the possibility that implicit evaluations reflect mental content that is largely or even entirely inaccessible to conscious awareness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0