Journal of Research on Adolescence最新文献

{"title":"Conceptualization and measurement of hope including Black youth: A mixed methods study","authors":"Krista R. Mehari,&nbsp;Megan A. Blanton,&nbsp;L. Taylor Stevens,&nbsp;Andrew C. Fletcher,&nbsp;Anne Jeffrey","doi":"10.1111/jora.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This mixed-methods study used a participatory action approach to develop and test a culturally grounded measure of hope among adolescents. Eighteen adult community leaders participated in interviews, and a youth advisory board provided their perspectives on hope in the southeastern U.S. This information was used to develop the Adolescent Hope Scale. Psychometric testing was conducted using data from an online panel of 311 youth participants (66.2% male; <i>M</i>_age = 12.62; 62.1% White American, 32.8% Black or African American) and their parents or legal guardians in the U.S. The newly developed Adolescent Hope Scale functioned equally well across gender and ethnicity. It was uniquely predictive of physical and relational aggression, conduct problems, anger management, peer relational problems, and prosocial behavior. Promoting hope is a potential intervention target to reduce problem behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend of Chinese adolescent anxiety symptoms before and after COVID-19: A cross-temporal meta-analysis with segmented regression","authors":"Xiayu Du,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Jia,&nbsp;Tieyu Duan,&nbsp;Xuefei Tao,&nbsp;Jiayi Li,&nbsp;Sailigu Yalikun,&nbsp;Hanzhang Wu,&nbsp;Zongkui Zhou,&nbsp;Zhihong Ren","doi":"10.1111/jora.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescent anxiety symptoms are a global concern, and studying their trends and influencing factors in China is essential due to unique cultural and social dynamics impacting mental health. This study presents a cross-temporal meta-analysis of research employing the GAD-7 to assess anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted across databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley, resulting in the inclusion of 66 articles (67 studies) spanning data collection from 2016 to 2023. The findings revealed that: (1) Anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents showed a slight decrease from 2016 to 2020, which was not statistically significant, but then experienced a significant increase from 2021 to 2023. (2) Throughout the period, female adolescents had significantly higher increases in anxiety symptoms compared to males. Clinically anxious adolescents had a slightly more pronounced decline in anxiety symptoms from 2016 to 2020 compared to those with subclinical anxiety, but this difference was not significant from 2021 to 2023. (3) Social change factors including social connectedness, socioeconomic conditions, and social threats did not significantly impact adolescent anxiety symptoms in China from 2016 to 2020, and this pattern continued from 2021 to 2023. This research advances the understanding of the mechanisms driving adolescent anxiety symptoms in China and offers a foundation for targeted prevention and intervention strategies, emphasizing the importance of addressing emerging stressors in mental health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion socialization within adolescent friendships: Considering the role of friends' emotion regulation, perceptions of friends, and expectations of support","authors":"Sarah K. Borowski,&nbsp;Janice L. Zeman","doi":"10.1111/jora.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Friends are influential relationships during adolescence (Laursen &amp; Veenstra, 2021), but little research has considered the role of close friends on the development of adolescents' emotion regulation (ER). The current study considered the roles of contagion of ER between friends, friends' modeling of ER (as perceived by the adolescent), and friends' direct feedback for negative emotions on adolescents' ER over a 2-year period. Participants were 202 adolescents (<i>M</i>_age = 12.66, 53% girls, 77% White, 18% Black, largely middle class) who participated with a same-gender close friend (101 dyads). Adolescents and their friends reported on their ER (i.e., inhibition, constructive regulation, dysregulation) at an initial assessment (T1) and 2 years later (T2). At T1, adolescents also reported on their perceptions of their friends' ER and their supportive and unsupportive responses to negative emotions. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models tested whether friends' ER (i.e., contagion effect), adolescents' perceptions of friends' ER (i.e., modeling effect), and friends' expected responses to negative emotions (i.e., direct feedback) predicted adolescents' T2 ER. Results supported the presence of contagion effects such that friends' ER was positively related to adolescents' ER over time for all ER facets. Modeling effects (i.e., perceptions of friends' ER) significantly predicted adolescents' T2 emotion dysregulation. Supportive responses to negative emotion were associated with greater T2 emotion dysregulation. Unsupportive responses to negative emotion were associated with lower constructive regulation and greater dysregulation at T2. Results have implications for the influential nature of close friends during adolescence and the distinct ways that friends influence adolescents' emotional development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who fits the glass slipper? Adolescent dispositional profiles and their link with instant messaging social support and mental health","authors":"Karen De Raeymaecker,&nbsp;Imke Baetens,&nbsp;Martijn Van Heel","doi":"10.1111/jora.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although instant messaging (IM) is generally perceived as beneficial for adolescents, the effects seem to be individual-specific. Building on the poor-get-richer and rich-get-richer hypotheses that theorize about whom benefits from IM, we constructed dispositional profiles and compared them in terms of perceived IM social support and mental health correlates. A latent profile analysis (<i>n</i> = 1014) identified four dispositional profiles on the basis of adolescents' big five personality traits, social anxiety level, and social comparison orientation (SCO). Adolescents with average scores (+0.5<i>SD</i> to −0.5<i>SD</i>) on all three indicators (32.90%) were labeled ‘<i>average</i>’ A second group (45.44%) showed average to moderate scores (±0.51<i>SD</i> to ±1<i>SD</i>) with a trend toward low social anxiety, low neuroticism, and low SCO. Hence, this profile was named ‘<i>average-resilient</i>’. Third, highly socially anxious (±1.01<i>SD</i> to ±2<i>SD</i>), moderately neurotic, and moderately introvert adolescents with a moderately high SCO (18.36%) received the label ‘<i>sensitive</i>’. A fourth group (3.31%) included highly extravert, highly emotionally stable adolescents with a low SCO who were not open for new experiences. They were extremely unfriendly (&gt;+2<i>SD</i> or &gt;−2<i>SD</i>), moderately unconscientious, and moderately socially fearless. These individuals were denoted ‘<i>extravert-indifferent</i>’. Average-resilient adolescents experienced less loneliness and depressive symptoms compared to the group with an average profile. Although sensitive individuals perceived more IM informational and instrumental support than the average(−resilient) group, they showed an increased vulnerability to loneliness, depression, and past and prospective nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) compared to the same group(s). While extravert-indifferent adolescents generally reported less IM emotional and instrumental support than the other profiles, they indicated that they were less lonely than average and sensitive individuals. Remarkably, they previously engaged in NSSIs more often than all other groups. Given the mixture of advantageous and disadvantageous effects, we conclude that research on the basis of the poor-get-richer and the rich-get-richer hypothesis overrates the decisive impact of singular characteristics. Instead, the combination of different dispositional traits determines whether or not the individual is capable of achieving beneficial IM effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting positive development among left-behind youth in rural China: A mixed-methods approach to scale development","authors":"Yaqiong Wang,&nbsp;Tiffany Berry,&nbsp;Kendall Cotton Bronk,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li,&nbsp;Danhua Lin","doi":"10.1111/jora.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integrating both the positive youth development and resilience science frameworks, this study developed and validated an instrument for assessing the individual strengths and environmental supports that promote positive development for rural, left-behind youth (LBY) in China. Following an exploratory sequential design, we first conducted 22 in-depth interviews (13 teachers and nine LBY) to inform the creation of survey items. We then conducted exploratory factor analyses on a sample of 606 LBY (48.7% were male, <i>M</i>_age = 13.59 years), followed by confirmatory factor analyses and an assessment of reliability and criterion validity with a sample of 1076 LBY (43.3% were male, <i>M</i>_age = 13.08 years). The newly developed instrument contains two scales: the Individual Strengths (IS) scale that measures seven individual strengths, and the Environmental Supports (ES) scale that measures eight environmental supports. Both scales demonstrated good reliability and validity. This study expands our understanding of how to promote positive adjustment among rural LBY and yields an important research tool that policy makers, educational practitioners, and youth workers can use to inform practices and policies that promote healthy development among youth impacted by prolonged parental migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family ethnic socialization practices longitudinally associated with cultural assets, civic responsibility, and prosocial behaviors in rural U.S. Latino/a youth","authors":"Gustavo Carlo,&nbsp;Alexia Carrizales,&nbsp;Marixza Torres,&nbsp;Zoe E. Taylor,&nbsp;Yumary Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/jora.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the increasing number of Latino/a youth in the United States who reside in rural locations and who might be prone to race- and immigrant status-related threats, more research attention is needed that focuses on cultural strengths and positive development. Ecocultural developmental theorists and prior research have postulated and found that family ethnic socialization practices, ethnic identity, and familism values are linked to a variety of positive developmental outcomes in U.S. Latino/a youth. The present longitudinal study addresses the relative dearth of cultural strength-based research among rural U.S. Latino/a youth and examines the relations among family ethnic socialization practices, ethnic identity, familism, civic responsibility, and care-based, responsive prosocial behaviors in these youth. Participants were a sample of 307 rural, U.S. Midwest, Latino/a youth (<i>M</i>_age = 12.21 years; 46.5% girls). Youth completed measures of family ethnic socialization practices, ethnic identity affirmation, and familism values at Time 1 and civic responsibility and youth care-based, responsive prosocial behaviors 1 year later. Significant indirect associations between family ethnic socialization and youth's care-based prosocial behaviors via ethnic identity, familism, and civic responsibility were found. There were additional direct associations among family ethnic socialization, familism, ethnic identity, civic responsibility, and care-based prosocial behaviors. The findings highlight the central role of culture-group- related mechanisms (ethnic identity and familism) and civic responsibility in understanding the links between family ethnic socialization practices and care-based, responsive prosocial behaviors in rural Midwest U.S. Latino/a youth. These findings are generally in accord with ecocultural strength-based and parental socialization models and have important implications for policy and program interventions aimed at fostering civic and prosocial development in rural ethnic/racial minoritized populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male minority youth and law enforcement officers' policing perceptions and reported experiences and practices: Qualitative exploration of reciprocal socialization beliefs regarding respect","authors":"Margaret Beale Spencer","doi":"10.1111/jora.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A specific theory-guided, humanity-focused perspective addresses the “how” and “why” of America's long-standing racial tension and the patterned problem of wrongful Black deaths. Qualitative data coding and analysis indicate interpersonal and relational misalignments between male youth of color (MYC) and law enforcement officers (LEO). LEO interview findings highlight professional support needs and safety-relevant tasks and responsibilities; however, MYC interview outcomes emphasize the challenges and assistance needed to successfully complete developmental tasks. The perceptions and reported behaviors of MYCs are highlighted based on data gathered from 44 audio-only one-hour youth interviews and 54 h-and-one-half audio-only Zoom interviews with sworn officers. Youth report that family socialization prepares them for successful encounters with LEOs as MYCs navigate ecologies and pursue developmental objectives. However, LEO judgments about MYC indicate significant expectation misalignments that overlook many youths' vulnerability status attributes, suggesting disconnects in how each group perceives the other. Youth describe parental emphasized respect and obedience socialization directives for use during anticipated interactions with police, <i>which often go unrecognized by LEOs</i>. Thus, familial “reciprocal socialization” instructions provided for youth indicate a source of misalignments in expectations given their apparent <i>in</i>visibility to LEOs; <i>perceptions held by LEOs of MYC do not align with the respect and obedience emphasis provided the latter by families.</i> Youths feel they intentionally follow familial expectations in their encounters, yet law enforcement professionals fail to acknowledge or recognize families' supportive socialization efforts. Inferred is that elements about the identity processes of LEOs and MYCs are consistent with Roberta Rosenberg Simmons's long-term insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bystander intervention in bullying based on sexual orientation and gender identity and expression among cisgender and heterosexual students: A cross-linguistic European study","authors":"Salvatore Ioverno,&nbsp;Sara Costa,&nbsp;Giulia Graziano,&nbsp;Michela Mariotto","doi":"10.1111/jora.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bullying based on sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE) is a pervasive issue affecting sexual and gender minority (SGM) students and has profound adverse effects on mental health and academic performance. Promoting bystander interventions, where peers step in to stop SOGIE-based bullying, may be a promising strategy to reduce such discriminatory behaviors. Yet, reliable cross-linguistic measures tailored specifically to SOGIE-based bullying are lacking. This study validated a scale assessing <i>cis</i>-gender and heterosexual students' bystander intentions to intervene in SOGIE-based bullying across eight languages. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model: “Responsibility” (recognizing one's duty to intervene), “Know” (having the skills and knowledge to intervene), and “Act” (taking prompt action to stop SOGIE-based bullying). The scale demonstrated consistent configural and metric invariance across languages and partial scalar invariance, enabling, however, cross-linguistic comparisons. Significant linguistic differences in bystander attitude emerged, with Portuguese and Spanish speakers reporting significant higher levels than Dutch, Slovenian, and English speakers. Responsibility accounted for the most cross-country variation, reflecting differences in perceptions of duty, efficacy, and communication norms regarding SOGIE-based bullying. This validated tool offers a valuable resource for cross-cultural research and educational efforts, with future studies needed to explore cultural dynamics further and extend validation to SGM students.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents' caregiving for family: Associations with mental health and academic performance","authors":"Emma Armstrong-Carter,&nbsp;Connie Siskowski,&nbsp;Nadine Roberts Cornish,&nbsp;Elizabeth Olson","doi":"10.1111/jora.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated adolescents' experiences caregiving for family members with chronic illness, disability, or aging-related needs. We examined differences in caregiving by maternal education level and associations with mental health and academic performance. A large, diverse sample of middle and high school students in Colorado (<i>N</i> = 49,540, 46% girls; ages 11–18, 31% Latine) reported how frequently they were caregiving for family each week, their mental health (e.g., anxiety, stress, depression, suicidality), and their perceptions of their academic grades compared with their peers. Statewide, 14% of adolescents were caregiving at least 1 to 2 days per week. Adolescents who provided the highest levels of caregiving came from families with significantly lower levels of maternal education, from historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups, and were more likely to identify as gender nonbinary/other. Caregiving adolescents reported significantly lower levels of mental health and lower grades compared with their noncaregiving peers, controlling for maternal education, race/ethnicity, age, and gender. These associations were consistent broadly across individual differences in demographic characteristics. The findings replicate evidence that high levels of caregiving responsibilities in adolescence are associated with emotional and academic challenges and extend prior evidence by examining the role of socioeconomic status, which has been difficult to collect in prior large-scale studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking social media's role in sociopolitical development amidst the dual pandemics: Perspectives of marginalized adolescent organizers","authors":"Angie Malorni,&nbsp;Sara Wilf","doi":"10.1111/jora.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>“Dual pandemics” refers to the combination of COVID-19 and structural racism in U.S. society—two forces that intersect to exacerbate inequities for marginalized and underrepresented communities. Today, we see marked differences in civic engagement for youth who were adolescents at the onset of the dual pandemics. Recent studies suggest that youth are disconnecting from political parties, and turnout among young voters has dropped. These shifts may affect youth sociopolitical values and civic behaviors in the coming years. It is challenging to understand if and how the youth experience during the dual pandemics may have affected sociopolitical development (SPD) without considering social media use. Social media had an outsized presence in youth's educational, social, and political lives during this time. In this study, we interviewed 11 racial and/or gender-marginalized adolescent organizers (ages 14–19), asking them to reflect on social media's role in their sociopolitical development from the spring of 2020 until the fall of 2021. Our respondents reported an intensification of sociopolitical learning, decreased trust in United States. political institutions, and an increased sense of collective identity supporting their agency. Social media use contributed to a shift in youth organizing strategy to focus on digital organizing and mutual aid, a pendulum swing from high activity to burnout, and a centering of racial justice in all organizing spheres. The nuanced perspectives of youth in this study can inform social justice education with youth in the 2020s and help build stronger intergenerational movements for social change.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jora.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}