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Half Empty and Half Full? Biased Perceptions of Compassionate Love and Effects of Dyadic Complementarity. 半空和半满？ 对怜悯之爱的偏差认知和双向互补性的影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231171986
James J Kim, Harry T Reis, Michael R Maniaci, Samantha Joel
{"title":"Half Empty <i>and</i> Half Full? Biased Perceptions of Compassionate Love and Effects of Dyadic Complementarity.","authors":"James J Kim, Harry T Reis, Michael R Maniaci, Samantha Joel","doi":"10.1177/01461672231171986","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231171986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevailing theory on relationship judgments for interaction attributes suggests individuals tend to underestimate a romantic partner's expressions of compassionate love and that such underestimation is beneficial for the relationship. Yet, limited research has incorporated dyadic perspectives to assess how biased perceptions are associated with both partners' outcomes. In two daily studies of couples, we used distinct analytical approaches (Truth and Bias Model; Dyadic Response Surface Analysis) to inform perspectives on how biased perceptions are interrelated and predict relationship satisfaction. Consistent with prior research, people demonstrated an underestimation bias. However, there were differential effects of biased perceptions for actors versus partners: Underestimation predicted lower actor satisfaction but generally higher satisfaction for partners. Furthermore, we find evidence for <i>complementarity</i> effects: partners' directional biases were inversely related, and couples were more satisfied when partners had opposing patterns of directional bias. Findings help integrate theoretical perspectives on the adaptive role of biased relationship perceptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Interdependence Backfires: The Coronavirus Infected Three Times More People in Rice-Farming Areas During Chinese New Year. 当相互依存适得其反时：春节期间，水稻种植区感染冠状病毒的人数增加了三倍。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231174070
Xindong Wei, Thomas Talhelm, Kaili Zhang, Fengyan Wang
{"title":"When Interdependence Backfires: The Coronavirus Infected Three Times More People in Rice-Farming Areas During Chinese New Year.","authors":"Xindong Wei, Thomas Talhelm, Kaili Zhang, Fengyan Wang","doi":"10.1177/01461672231174070","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231174070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interdependent cultures around the world have generally controlled COVID-19 better. We tested this pattern in China based on the rice theory, which argues that historically rice-farming regions of China are more interdependent than wheat-farming areas. Unlike earlier findings, rice-farming areas suffered more COVID-19 cases in the early days of the outbreak. We suspected this happened because the outbreak fell on Chinese New Year, and people in rice areas felt more pressure to visit family and friends. We found historical evidence that people in rice areas visit more family and friends for Chinese New Year than people in wheat areas. In 2020, rice areas also saw more New Year travel. Regional differences in social visits were correlated with COVID-19 spread. These results reveal an exception to the general idea that interdependent culture helps cultures contain COVID-19. When relational duties conflict with public health, interdependence can lead to more spread of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10200808/pdf/10.1177_01461672231174070.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9521801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Race-Based Size Bias for Black Adolescent Boys: Size, Innocence, and Threat. 黑人青少年男孩基于种族的体型偏差：体型、天真和威胁。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231167978
Erin Freiburger, Mattea Sim, Amy G Halberstadt, Kurt Hugenberg
{"title":"A Race-Based Size Bias for Black Adolescent Boys: Size, Innocence, and Threat.","authors":"Erin Freiburger, Mattea Sim, Amy G Halberstadt, Kurt Hugenberg","doi":"10.1177/01461672231167978","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231167978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We adopted an intersectional stereotyping lens to investigate whether <i>race-based size bias</i>-the tendency to judge Black men as larger than White men-extends to adolescents. Participants judged Black boys as taller than White boys, despite no real size differences (Studies 1A and 1B), and even when boys were matched in age (Study 1B). The size bias persisted when participants viewed computer-generated faces that varied only in apparent race (Study 2A) and extended to perceptions of physical strength, with Black boys judged as stronger than White boys (Study 2B). The size bias was associated with threat-related perceptions, including beliefs that Black boys were less innocent than White boys (Study 3). Finally, the size bias was moderated by a valid threat signal (i.e., anger expressions, Studies 4A and 4B). Thus, adult-like threat stereotypes are perpetrated upon Black boys, leading them to be erroneously perceived as more physically formidable than White boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes?: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence and Agenda for Future Research. 正念能否改善群体间偏见、内化偏见和反偏见结果？证据元分析与未来研究议程》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231178518
Doris F Chang, James Donald, Jennifer Whitney, Iris Yi Miao, Baljinder Sahdra
{"title":"Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes?: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence and Agenda for Future Research.","authors":"Doris F Chang, James Donald, Jennifer Whitney, Iris Yi Miao, Baljinder Sahdra","doi":"10.1177/01461672231178518","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231178518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whereas mindfulness has been shown to enhance personal well-being, studies suggest it may also benefit intergroup dynamics. Using an integrative conceptual model, this meta-analysis examined associations between mindfulness and (a) different <i>manifestations of bias</i> (implicit/explicit attitudes, affect, behavior) directed toward (b) different <i>bias targets</i> (outgroup or ingroup, e.g., internalized bias), by (c) <i>intergroup orientation</i> (toward bias or anti-bias). Of 70 samples, 42 (<i>N</i> = 3,229) assessed mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and 30 (<i>N</i> = 6,002) were correlational studies. Results showed a medium-sized negative effect of MBIs on bias outcomes, <i>g</i> = -0.56, 95% confidence interval [-0.72, -0.40]; I(2;3)2: 0.39; 0.48, and a small-to-medium negative effect between mindfulness and bias for correlational studies, <i>r</i> = -0.17 [-0.27, -0.03]; I(2;3)2: 0.11; 0.83. Effects were comparable for intergroup bias and internalized bias. We conclude by identifying gaps in the evidence base to guide future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9695219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating the Reliability and Stability of Cognitive Processes Contributing to Responses on the Implicit Association Test. 估算内隐联想测验反应认知过程的可靠性和稳定性。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231171256
Jacob Elder, Liz Wilson, Jimmy Calanchini
{"title":"Estimating the Reliability and Stability of Cognitive Processes Contributing to Responses on the Implicit Association Test.","authors":"Jacob Elder, Liz Wilson, Jimmy Calanchini","doi":"10.1177/01461672231171256","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231171256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implicit measures were initially assumed to assess stable individual differences, but other perspectives posit that they reflect context-dependent processes. This pre-registered research investigates whether the processes contributing to responses on the race Implicit Association Test are temporally stable and reliably measured using multinomial processing tree modeling. We applied two models-the Quad model and the Process Dissociation Procedure-to six datasets (<i>N</i> = 2,036), each collected over two occasions, examined the within-measurement reliability and between-measurement stability of model parameters, and meta-analyzed the results. Parameters reflecting accuracy-oriented processes demonstrate adequate stability and reliability, which suggests these processes are relatively stable within individuals. Parameters reflecting evaluative associations demonstrate poor stability but modest reliability, which suggests that associations are either context-dependent or stable but noisily measured. These findings suggest that processes contributing to racial bias on implicit measures differ in temporal stability, which has practical implications for predicting behavior using the Implicit Association Test.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Aspect-Level Approach to the Personality Micro-Foundations of Foreign Policy Attitudes. 外交政策态度的个性微观基础的综合方面层面方法。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231213899
Fabricio H Chagas-Bastos
{"title":"A Comprehensive Aspect-Level Approach to the Personality Micro-Foundations of Foreign Policy Attitudes.","authors":"Fabricio H Chagas-Bastos","doi":"10.1177/01461672231213899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231213899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyze in this article the effects of personality on attitudes toward foreign policy through a comprehensive aspect-level approach. We claim that previous observed null domain-level effects are the product of the aspect-level effects of opposing signs. By and large, we show that some personality effects are of comparable size or bigger than demographics studied in the literature, and that some of these effects are unique and independent of demographic covariates. Our results show that openness, orderliness, and compassion render people to be more supportive of cooperation. Assertiveness is the primary driver of support for the use of military force, whereas politeness and withdrawal ground reverse effects. Volatility roots isolationism postures, whereas industriousness, enthusiasm, and compassion show strong opposing effects. Moving beyond the Big Five personality domain approach provides us with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how personality is associated with attitudes toward international issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multimodal Cues to Change Your Mind: The Intertwining of Faces, Voices, and Behaviors in Impression Updating. 改变想法的多模态线索：印象更新中面孔、声音和行为的交织。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273209
Matteo Masi, Simone Mattavelli, Fabio Fasoli, Marco Brambilla
{"title":"Multimodal Cues to Change Your Mind: The Intertwining of Faces, Voices, and Behaviors in Impression Updating.","authors":"Matteo Masi, Simone Mattavelli, Fabio Fasoli, Marco Brambilla","doi":"10.1177/01461672241273209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impressions of others are formed from multiple cues, including facial features, vocal tone, and behavioral descriptions, and may be subject to multimodal updating. Four experiments (<i>N</i> = 803) examined the influence of a target's face or voice on impression updating. Experiments 1a-1b examined whether behavior-based impressions are susceptible to updating by incongruent information conveyed by the target's face, voice, or behavior (within-participant manipulation). Both faces and voices updated impressions with comparable strength, but less than behaviors. Experiment 2, contrasting faces and voices only (between-participants manipulation), showed that voices outperformed faces regardless of how impressions were formed (i.e., via behavioral vs. nonbehavioral information). Experiment 3 found no difference when comparing faces and voices in a within-participant design and controlling for stimulus attractiveness. Our work highlights the importance of multimodal cues for impression updating and shows that the relative power of faces and voices depends on contextual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments. 违反不变性与道德判断的 CNI 模型。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231164888
Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Karl Christoph Klauer
{"title":"Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments.","authors":"Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Karl Christoph Klauer","doi":"10.1177/01461672231164888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231164888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of papers have applied the CNI model of moral judgments to investigate deontological and consequentialist response tendencies. A controversy has emerged concerning the methodological assumptions of the CNI model. In this article, we contribute to this debate by extending the CNI paradigm with a skip option. This allows us to test an invariance assumption that the CNI model shares with prominent process-dissociation models in cognitive and social psychology. Like for these models, the present experiments found violations of the invariance assumption for the CNI model. In Experiment 2, we replicate these results and selectively influence the new parameter for the skip option. In addition, structural equation modeling reveals that previous findings for the relationship between gender and the CNI parameters are completely mediated by the association of gender with primary psychopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9772812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socioeconomic Status and Meta-Perceptions: How Markers of Culture and Rank Predict Beliefs About How Others See Us. 社会经济地位与元感知：文化和等级标志如何预测关于他人如何看待我们的信念。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231171435
Holly R Engstrom, Kristin Laurin, Nick R Kay, Lauren J Human
{"title":"Socioeconomic Status and Meta-Perceptions: How Markers of Culture and Rank Predict Beliefs About How Others See Us.","authors":"Holly R Engstrom, Kristin Laurin, Nick R Kay, Lauren J Human","doi":"10.1177/01461672231171435","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231171435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does a person's socioeconomic status (SES) relate to how she thinks others see her? Seventeen studies (eight pre-registered; three reported in-text and 14 replications in supplemental online material [SOM], total <i>N</i> = 6,124) found that people with low SES believe others see them as colder and less competent than those with high SES. The SES difference in meta-perceptions was explained by people's self-regard and self-presentation expectations. Moreover, lower SES people's more negative meta-perceptions were not warranted: Those with lower SES were not seen more negatively, and were less accurate in guessing how others saw them. They also had important consequences: People with lower SES blamed themselves more for negative feedback about their warmth and competence. Internal meta-analyses suggested this effect was larger and more consistent for current socioeconomic rank than cultural background.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To Protect or to Kill? Environmental Contingent Self-Worth Moderates Death Prime Effects on Animal-Based Attitudes. 保护还是杀戮？环境条件下的自我价值调节死亡对动物态度的主要影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160652
Samuel Fairlamb, Andrada-Elena Stan, Katinka Lovas
{"title":"To Protect or to Kill? Environmental Contingent Self-Worth Moderates Death Prime Effects on Animal-Based Attitudes.","authors":"Samuel Fairlamb, Andrada-Elena Stan, Katinka Lovas","doi":"10.1177/01461672231160652","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231160652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifshin et al. found that death primes increased support for killing animals, suggesting that the killing of animals serves a terror management function. The present research adds to this by suggesting that protecting animals can also serve a terror management function when people see such behaviors as culturally valuable. In three studies (<i>N</i> = 765), environmental contingent self-worth (ECSW) moderated the effect of death primes on attitudes toward animals. Attitudes toward animals also mediated the effect of a death prime on increased power-based invulnerability for those with low ECSW and decreased power-based invulnerability for those with high ECSW (Study 3). Finally, we found little support that death primes influenced beliefs regarding human-animal superiority (Study 1 and 2) or similarity (Study 2). Our findings therefore provide partial support for past terror management research and further the understanding regarding how to promote more benevolent human-animal relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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