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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin最新文献

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On the Limits of Anonymization for Promoting Diversity in Organizations.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241304593
Linda W Chang, Edward H Chang
{"title":"On the Limits of Anonymization for Promoting Diversity in Organizations.","authors":"Linda W Chang, Edward H Chang","doi":"10.1177/01461672241304593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241304593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anonymization of job applicant resumes is a recommended strategy to increase diversity in organizations, but large-scale tests have shown mixed results. We consider decision-makers' social dominance orientation (SDO), a measure of anti-egalitarianism/endorsement of group-based hierarchy, to illustrate the limits of anonymization. Across four pre-registered studies (<i>N</i> = 3,150), we show that (a) lower SDO individuals are less likely to hire individuals from underrepresented groups when job materials are anonymized and (b) they are more likely to opt into using anonymization. Taken together, these results suggest that opt-in anonymization policies may sometimes reduce the diversity of who is selected. Furthermore, people appear to have inaccurate lay beliefs about the consequences of anonymization. Our results suggest policy evaluations of diversity interventions should consider the interaction of heterogeneous treatment effects and selection effects, which may inadvertently lead to outcomes that are contrary to the stated policy goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672241304593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perception of Socioeconomic Status: A Meta-Analysis of Manipulations.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241305506
Jacinth J X Tan, Amos Y E Tai
{"title":"Perception of Socioeconomic Status: A Meta-Analysis of Manipulations.","authors":"Jacinth J X Tan, Amos Y E Tai","doi":"10.1177/01461672241305506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241305506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The causal effects of one's socioeconomic status (SES) on outcomes are typically examined by experimentally manipulating SES self-perceptions based on one of three SES dimensions-absolute resource, relative resource, and general social position. We investigated the efficacy of these manipulations by systematically meta-analyzing their effects on SES self-perceptions. Based on 107 eligible samples (<i>N</i> = 26,203), manipulations of SES self-perceptions across the three SES dimensions were effective overall (<i>g</i> = 0.56-0.95). Explicit priming of absolute resource and relative resource manipulations comparing high versus low SES were consistently effective-although bias-corrected effects were attenuated-suggesting the importance of salient SES information and social comparisons. Moderation tests revealed stronger manipulation effects on SES self-perceptions among samples at earlier life stages (university and younger samples) and with stronger interdependent orientation (lower independence and higher female composition). We discuss implications on understanding the determinants of SES self-perception and designing experimental studies on SES effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672241305506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Masculinity Threats Sequentially Arouse Public Discomfort, Anger, and Positive Attitudes Toward Sexual Violence. 男性气质威胁会连续引发公众对性暴力的不安、愤怒和积极态度。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231179431
Theresa K Vescio, Nathaniel E C Schermerhorn, Kathrine A Lewis, Katsumi Yamaguchi-Pedroza, Abigail J Loviscky
{"title":"Masculinity Threats Sequentially Arouse Public Discomfort, Anger, and Positive Attitudes Toward Sexual Violence.","authors":"Theresa K Vescio, Nathaniel E C Schermerhorn, Kathrine A Lewis, Katsumi Yamaguchi-Pedroza, Abigail J Loviscky","doi":"10.1177/01461672231179431","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231179431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three experiments (<i>N</i> = 943) tested whether men (but not women) responded to gender threats with increased concern about how one looks in the eyes of others (i.e., public discomfort) and subsequent anger that, in turn, predicted attitudes about sexual violence. Consistent with predictions, for men, learning that one is like a woman was associated with threat-related emotions (public discomfort and anger) that, in turn, predicted the increased likelihood to express intent to engage in quid-pro-quo sexual harassment (Study 1), recall sexually objectifying others (Study 2), endorse sexual narcissism (Study 2), and accept rape myths (Study 3). These findings support the notion that failures to uphold normative and socially valued embodiments of masculinity are associated with behavioral intentions and attitudes associated with sexual violence. The implications of these findings for the endurance of sexual violence are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"96-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Google is Free: Moral Evaluations of Intergroup Curiosity. 谷歌是免费的：群体间好奇心的道德评价。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231180149
Ariel J Mosley, Larisa Heiphetz Solomon
{"title":"Google is Free: Moral Evaluations of Intergroup Curiosity.","authors":"Ariel J Mosley, Larisa Heiphetz Solomon","doi":"10.1177/01461672231180149","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231180149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two experiments investigated how evaluations of intergroup curiosity differed depending on whether people placed responsibility for their learning on themselves or on outgroup members. In Study 1, participants (<i>n</i> = 340; 51% White-American, 49% Black-American) evaluated White actors who were curious about Black culture and placed responsibility on outgroup members to teach versus on themselves to learn. Both Black and White participants rated the latter actors as more moral, and perceptions of effort mediated this effect. A follow-up preregistered study (<i>n</i> = 513; 75% White-American) asked whether perceptions of greater effort <i>cause</i> greater perceptions of moral goodness. Replicating Study 1, participants rated actors as more moral when they placed responsibility on themselves versus others. Participants also rated actors as more moral when they exerted high versus low effort. These results clarify when and why participants view curiosity as morally good and help to strengthen bridges between work on curiosity, moral cognition, and intergroup relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In it Together: Relationship Transitions and Couple Concordance in Health and Well-Being. 同舟共济：健康与幸福中的关系转变和夫妻协调。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231180450
Theresa Pauly, Elisa Weber, Christiane A Hoppmann, Denis Gerstorf, Urte Scholz
{"title":"In it Together: Relationship Transitions and Couple Concordance in Health and Well-Being.","authors":"Theresa Pauly, Elisa Weber, Christiane A Hoppmann, Denis Gerstorf, Urte Scholz","doi":"10.1177/01461672231180450","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231180450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Events that change the family system have the potential to impact couple dynamics such as concordance, that is, partner similarity in health and well-being. This project analyzes longitudinal data (≥ two decades) from both partners of up to 3,501 German and 1,842 Australian couples to investigate how couple concordance in life satisfaction, self-rated health, mental health, and physical health might change with transitioning to parenthood and an empty nest. Results revealed couple concordance in intercepts (averaged <i>r</i> = .52), linear trajectories (averaged <i>r</i> = .55), and wave-specific fluctuations around trajectories (averaged <i>r</i> = .21). Concordance in linear trajectories was stronger after transitions (averaged <i>r</i> = .81) than before transitions (averaged <i>r</i> = .43), whereas no systematic transition-related change in concordance of wave-specific fluctuations was found. Findings emphasize that shared transitions represent windows of change capable of sending couples onto mutual upward or downward trajectories in health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"110-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10144317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"The Secret" to Success? The Psychology of Belief in Manifestation. 成功的 "秘密"？成功的 "秘密"？
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231181162
Lucas J Dixon, Matthew J Hornsey, Nicole Hartley
{"title":"\"The Secret\" to Success? The Psychology of Belief in Manifestation.","authors":"Lucas J Dixon, Matthew J Hornsey, Nicole Hartley","doi":"10.1177/01461672231181162","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231181162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored the psychology of those who believe in manifestation: the ability to cosmically attract success in life through positive self-talk, visualization, and symbolic actions (e.g., acting as if something is true). In three studies (collective <i>N</i> = 1,023), we developed a reliable and valid measure-the Manifestation Scale-and found over one third of participants endorsed manifestation beliefs. Those who scored higher on the scale perceived themselves as more successful, had stronger aspirations for success, and believed they were more likely to achieve future success. They were also more likely to be drawn to risky investments, have experienced bankruptcy, and to believe they could achieve an unlikely level of success more quickly. We discuss the potential positives and negatives of this belief system in the context of growing public desire for success and an industry that capitalizes on these desires.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"49-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9758835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymmetric Effects of Holding Power Versus Status: Implications for Motivation and Group Dynamics. 掌握权力与地位的不对称效应：对动机和群体动力的影响》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231182852
Ji Sok Choi, Seungbeom Hong, Jinkyung Na, Bo Kyung Kim
{"title":"Asymmetric Effects of Holding Power Versus Status: Implications for Motivation and Group Dynamics.","authors":"Ji Sok Choi, Seungbeom Hong, Jinkyung Na, Bo Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1177/01461672231182852","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231182852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although extant research suggests that power without status, but not status without power, induces interpersonal conflict, we are yet to fully understand the asymmetric effects of holding power or status on psychological processes and group functioning. The present research attempts to fill this gap by arguing that holding power would heighten the motivation for status, whereas holding status may not necessarily have an equivalent effect on the motivation for power. We further proposed that power-status misalignment within a group would lead powerholders to be competitive toward statusholders due to heightened status motive and (upon failure to attain status) invest less in their group due to greater emotional distress. Across four (and one Supplemental) studies, we found support for our hypotheses. Our findings not only shed further light on the interactive effects of power and status, but also help better explain why power without status is particularly related to negative outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Looking Competent Does Not Appeal to All Voters Equally: The Role of Social Class and Politicians' Facial Appearance for Voting Likelihood. 看起来有能力并不能同样吸引所有选民：社会阶层和政治家的面部外貌对投票可能性的作用》（The Role of Social Class and Politicians' Facial Appearance for Voting Likelihood）。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231181465
Fabienne Unkelbach, Tatjana Brütting, Nina Schilling, Michaela Wänke
{"title":"Looking Competent Does Not Appeal to All Voters Equally: The Role of Social Class and Politicians' Facial Appearance for Voting Likelihood.","authors":"Fabienne Unkelbach, Tatjana Brütting, Nina Schilling, Michaela Wänke","doi":"10.1177/01461672231181465","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231181465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voters generally value competence in politicians. Four studies, all conducted in Germany, show that this is especially pronounced in people of higher compared with lower social class. The first study, with a representative sample (<i>N</i><sub>1</sub> = 2239), found that the reported importance of competence in politicians increased with increasing socioeconomic status (SES). This was mediated by self-perceived competence which was higher in participants of higher SES. In three further studies (two preregistered, <i>N</i><sub>2a&2b</sub> = 396, <i>N</i><sub>3</sub> = 400) participants merely saw pictures of politicians' faces. Perceived competence based on facial appearance increased the likelihood of voting for a politician. Again, this effect was stronger among participants of higher compared with lower SES. This moderation persisted after controlling for participants' political orientation and politicians' perceived warmth and dominance. We discuss implications for future research on the psychological underpinnings of social class as well as appearance effects in the political context.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9755815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Improvement Default: People Presume Improvement When Lacking Information. 改进的缺省：人们在缺乏信息的情况下推测改进。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231190719
James G Hillman, Jillian P Antoun, David J Hauser
{"title":"The Improvement Default: People Presume Improvement When Lacking Information.","authors":"James G Hillman, Jillian P Antoun, David J Hauser","doi":"10.1177/01461672231190719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231190719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People erroneously think that things they know little about improve over time. We propose that, due to salient cultural narratives, improvement is a highly accessible expectation that leads people to presume improvement in the absence of diagnostic information. Five studies investigated an improvement default: a general tendency to presume improvement even in self-irrelevant domains. Participants erroneously presumed improvement over esoteric historical time periods associated with decline (Study 1). Participants arranged a stranger's experiences to produce trends of improvement (Study 2). Participants presumed improvement for a fictional city when given no diagnostic information about it (Study 3). Finally, participants who perceived more past improvement were less supportive of policies that may precipitate further improvement (Study 4). Implications for consequences, such as complacency toward improving inequality, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9947062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lasting Declines in Couples' Social Network Interactions in the First Years of COVID. COVID第一年夫妻社交网络互动持续下降。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231169591
Benjamin B Haggerty, David P Kennedy, Thomas N Bradbury, Benjamin R Karney
{"title":"Lasting Declines in Couples' Social Network Interactions in the First Years of COVID.","authors":"Benjamin B Haggerty, David P Kennedy, Thomas N Bradbury, Benjamin R Karney","doi":"10.1177/01461672231169591","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231169591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the onset of COVID-19, a rise in loneliness has raised concerns about the social impact of lockdowns and distancing mandates. Yet, to date, the effects of the pandemic on social networks have been studied only indirectly. To evaluate how the pandemic affected social networks, the current analyses analyzed five waves of detailed social network interviews conducted before and during the first 18 months of the pandemic in a sample especially vulnerable to contracting the virus: mostly non-White couples (243 husbands and 250 wives) recruited from lower income neighborhoods. Pre-COVID interviews asked spouses to name 24 individuals with whom they interact regularly. Post-COVID interviews indicated a nearly 50% decline in face-to-face interactions and a nearly 40% decline in virtual interactions, with little recovery over the first 18 months of the pandemic. Compared with less affluent couples, those with higher incomes maintained more of their network relationships, especially when virtual interactions were taken into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10695142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9425636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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