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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin最新文献

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Talking About Privilege: Framing Inequality as Advantage Is More Likely for Inequality in Positive Than in Negative Outcomes. 谈论特权：将不平等定格为优势对于积极结果中的不平等比消极结果中的不平等更有可能。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241265779
Annette Malapally, Susanne Bruckmüller
{"title":"Talking About Privilege: Framing Inequality as Advantage Is More Likely for Inequality in Positive Than in Negative Outcomes.","authors":"Annette Malapally, Susanne Bruckmüller","doi":"10.1177/01461672241265779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241265779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inequality is often one-sidedly framed as disadvantage, a practice identified as problematic by empirical research and critical scholarship, as it renders privilege invisible and shapes perceptions of and reactions to inequality. Importantly, inequality can mean differences in positive (e.g., promotions) or negative outcomes (e.g., harassment). Drawing on cognitive processes involved in (group) comparisons and the processing of positive and negative content, we predict that the valence of outcomes moderates the preference for disadvantage (vs. advantage) frames. We coded social media posts on gender inequality (Study 1, <i>n</i> = 1,402) and had participants in an online experiment (Study 2, <i>n</i> = 164) describe gender and sexual orientation inequality in positive and negative outcomes. Confirming hypotheses, people overall used disadvantage frames more, but were more likely to use advantage frames for inequality in positive (compared with negative) outcomes. We discuss theoretical implications for inequality framing research and practical implications for privilege awareness interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672241265779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minds of Monsters: Scary Imbalances Between Cognition and Emotion. 怪物之心》：认知与情感之间可怕的失衡。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160035
Ivan Hernandez, Ryan S Ritter, Jesse L Preston
{"title":"Minds of Monsters: Scary Imbalances Between Cognition and Emotion.","authors":"Ivan Hernandez, Ryan S Ritter, Jesse L Preston","doi":"10.1177/01461672231160035","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231160035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four studies investigate a <i>fear of imbalanced minds</i> hypothesis that threatening agents perceived to be relatively mismatched in capacities for <i>cognition</i> (e.g., self-control and reasoning) and <i>emotion</i> (e.g., sensations and emotions) will be rated as scarier and more dangerous by observers. In ratings of fictional monsters (e.g., zombies and vampires), agents seen as more imbalanced between capacities for cognition and emotion (high cognition-low emotion or low cognition-high emotion) were rated as scarier compared to those with equally matched levels of cognition and emotion (Studies 1 and 2). Similar effects were observed using ratings of scary animals (e.g., tigers, sharks; Studies 2 and 3), and infected humans (Study 4). Moreover, these effects are explained through diminished perceived control/predictability over the target agent. These findings highlight the role of balance between cognition and emotion in appraisal of threatening agents, in part because those agents are seen as more chaotic and uncontrollable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1297-1312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9753450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Putting Oneself Ahead of the Group: The Liability of Narcissistic Leadership. 把自己放在团体之前：自恋型领导的责任。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231163645
Jennifer Lynch, Alex J Benson
{"title":"Putting Oneself Ahead of the Group: The Liability of Narcissistic Leadership.","authors":"Jennifer Lynch, Alex J Benson","doi":"10.1177/01461672231163645","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231163645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating insights from interdependence theory with the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept, we propose that a pivotal obstacle for narcissistic leaders is their inability to sustain benevolent perceptions over time. As people strive to interpret social behavior in terms of self- or other-interest, the narcissistic tendency of prioritizing self-interests over the collective may become apparent and eventually taint their reputation as a leader. We examined how interpersonal motive perceptions-based on attributions of self- and other-interest-would clarify the leadership paradox of narcissism. We tracked 472 participants in 119 teams across four time-points. Narcissistic rivalry (but not admiration) corresponded to increasingly negative leader effectiveness ratings. The extent to which individuals were perceived as self-maximizing and lacking concern for other interests was tightly connected to declines in leader effectiveness across time. Altogether, these results offer insight into how perceived interpersonal motives may explain the downfall of narcissistic leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1211-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9612158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Beliefs That Older Adults Are Inflexible Serve as a Barrier to Racial Equality? 认为老年人缺乏灵活性是否是种族平等的障碍？
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231159767
Kimberly E Chaney, Alison L Chasteen
{"title":"Do Beliefs That Older Adults Are Inflexible Serve as a Barrier to Racial Equality?","authors":"Kimberly E Chaney, Alison L Chasteen","doi":"10.1177/01461672231159767","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231159767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research has demonstrated that older adults are stereotyped as less malleable than young adults. Moreover, beliefs that people are less malleable are associated with lower confrontations of prejudice, as perpetrators are seen as less capable of changing their (prejudiced) behavior. The present research sought to integrate these lines of research to demonstrate that endorsement of ageist beliefs that older adults are less malleable will lead to a lower confrontation of anti-Black prejudice espoused by older adults. Across four experimental studies (<i>N</i> = 1,573), people were less likely to confront anti-Black prejudice espoused by an 82-year-old compared with a 62-, 42-, or 20-year-old, due, in part, to beliefs that older adults are less malleable. Further exploration demonstrated that malleability beliefs about older adults were held across young, middle-aged, and older adult samples. These findings demonstrate how stereotypes about older adults can impede racial equality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1151-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9214330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Class, Sex, and the Ability to Recognize Emotions: The Main Effect is in the Interaction. 社会阶层、性别和识别情绪的能力：主要影响在互动中。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231159775
Susan A Brener, Willem E Frankenhuis, Ethan S Young, Bruce J Ellis
{"title":"Social Class, Sex, and the Ability to Recognize Emotions: The Main Effect is in the Interaction.","authors":"Susan A Brener, Willem E Frankenhuis, Ethan S Young, Bruce J Ellis","doi":"10.1177/01461672231159775","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231159775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has demonstrated an inverse relation between subjective social class (SSC) and performance on emotion recognition tasks. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 418) involved a preregistered replication of this effect using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and the Cambridge Mindreading Face-Voice Battery. The inverse relation replicated; however, exploratory analyses revealed a significant interaction between sex and SSC in predicting emotion recognition, indicating that the effect was driven by males. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 745), we preregistered and tested the interaction on a separate archival dataset. The interaction replicated; the association between SSC and emotion recognition again occurred only in males. Exploratory analyses (Study 3; <i>N</i> = 381) examined the generalizability of the interaction to incidental face memory. Our results underscore the need to reevaluate previous research establishing the main effects of social class and sex on emotion recognition abilities, as these effects apparently moderate each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1197-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9251889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Do God and Humans Punish? Perceived Retributivist Punishment Motives Hinge on Views of the True Self. 上帝和人类为什么要惩罚？惩罚动机的感知依赖于真实自我观。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160027
Young-Eun Lee, James P Dunlea, Larisa Heiphetz
{"title":"Why Do God and Humans Punish? Perceived Retributivist Punishment Motives Hinge on Views of the True Self.","authors":"Young-Eun Lee, James P Dunlea, Larisa Heiphetz","doi":"10.1177/01461672231160027","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231160027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laypeople often believe that God punishes transgressions; however, their inferences about God's punishment motives remain unclear. We addressed this topic by asking laypeople to indicate <i>why</i> God punishes. We also examined participants' inferences about why humans punish to contribute to scholarly conversations regarding the extent to which people may anthropomorphize God's mind. In Studies 1A to 1C, participants viewed God as less retributive than humans. In Study 2, participants expected God (vs. humans) to view humans' true selves more positively; this difference mediated participants' views of God as less retributive than humans. Study 3 manipulated agents' views of humans' true selves and examined how such information influenced each agent's perceived motives. Participants viewed a given agent as less retributive when that agent regarded the true self as good (versus bad). These findings extend scholarship on lay theories of punishment motives and highlight links between religious and moral cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1167-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9234466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Authentic Self Is the Self-Enhancing Self: A Self-Enhancement Framework of Authenticity. 真实的自我就是自我提升的自我：真实的自我提升框架》（The Authentic Self Is the Self-Enhavancing Self: A Self-Enhavancement Framework of Authenticity）。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160653
Corey L Guenther, Yiyue Zhang, Constantine Sedikides
{"title":"The Authentic Self Is the Self-Enhancing Self: A Self-Enhancement Framework of Authenticity.","authors":"Corey L Guenther, Yiyue Zhang, Constantine Sedikides","doi":"10.1177/01461672231160653","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231160653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Authenticity refers to behaving in a manner that aligns with one's true self. The true self, though, is positive. From a self-enhancement standpoint, people exaggerate their strengths and overlook their shortcomings, forming positively-distorted views of themselves. We propose a self-enhancement framework of authenticity, advocating a reciprocal relation between the two constructs. Trait self-enhancement was associated with higher trait authenticity (Study 1), and day-to-day fluctuations in self-enhancement predicted corresponding variations in state authenticity (Study 2). Furthermore, manipulating self-enhancement elevated state authenticity (Studies 3-4), which was associated with meaning in life (Study 4), and manipulating authenticity augmented self-enhancement, which was associated with meaning in life and thriving (Study 5). The authentic self is largely the self-enhancing self.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1182-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability and Change of Individual Differences in Ideal Partner Preferences Over 13 Years. 理想伴侣偏好的个体差异在 13 年间的稳定性和变化。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231164757
Julie C Driebe, Julia Stern, Lars Penke, Tanja M Gerlach
{"title":"Stability and Change of Individual Differences in Ideal Partner Preferences Over 13 Years.","authors":"Julie C Driebe, Julia Stern, Lars Penke, Tanja M Gerlach","doi":"10.1177/01461672231164757","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231164757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ideal partner preferences for traits in a partner are said to be stable cognitive constructs. However, longitudinal studies investigating the same participants' ideals repeatedly have so far been limited to relatively short retest intervals of a maximum of 3 years. Here, we investigate the stability and change of ideals across 13 years and participants' insight into how ideals have changed. A total of 204 participants (<i>M</i> = 46.2 years, <i>SD</i> = 7.4, 104 women) reported their ideals at two time points. We found a mean rank-order stability of <i>r</i> = .42 and an overall profile stability of <i>r</i> = .73 (distinctive <i>r</i> = .53). Some ideals changed over time, for example, increased for status-resources in relation to age and parenthood. We found some but varying insight into how ideals had changed (mean <i>r</i> = .20). Results support the idea of ideals being stable cognitive constructs but suggest some variability related to the demands of different life stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1263-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrimination and Perceived Cultural Mismatch Increase Status-Based Identity Uncertainty. 歧视和感知到的文化不匹配增加了基于身份的不确定性。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231163736
Sierra H Feasel, Tessa L Dover, Payton A Small, Brenda Major
{"title":"Discrimination and Perceived Cultural Mismatch Increase Status-Based Identity Uncertainty.","authors":"Sierra H Feasel, Tessa L Dover, Payton A Small, Brenda Major","doi":"10.1177/01461672231163736","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231163736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periods of social mobility, such as attending college, can challenge one's status-based identity, leading to uncertainty around one's status in society. Status uncertainty is associated with poorer well-being and academic outcomes. Little is known, however, about what experiences lead to status uncertainty. The current longitudinal study investigated discrimination experiences and cultural mismatch as predictors of status uncertainty. We propose that discrimination indirectly predicts increased status uncertainty by increasing perceived cultural mismatch with the university. Participants were Latinx college students, all of whom were low-income and/or first generation to college. Discrimination experiences were measured at the end of participants' first year. Cultural mismatch and status uncertainty were measured at the end of Year 2. Status uncertainty was measured again at the end of Year 3. Results indicated that students who experienced more frequent discrimination felt more cultural mismatch 1 year later, and, in turn, reported increased status uncertainty over the following year.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1251-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9251418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selfie-Evaluation: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Selfie Behaviors and Self-Evaluations. 自拍评价：自拍行为与自我评价之间关系的元分析。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231158252
Roxanne N Felig, Jamie L Goldenberg
{"title":"Selfie-Evaluation: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Selfie Behaviors and Self-Evaluations.","authors":"Roxanne N Felig, Jamie L Goldenberg","doi":"10.1177/01461672231158252","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231158252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"selfie\" phenomenon shaped the past two decades, yet there is inconsistent evidence concerning the relationship between selfie behaviors and self-evaluations. This meta-analysis investigates the relationship between selfie taking, editing, and posting behavior and general and appearance-specific self-evaluations. The results reveal that selfie taking and posting are related to positive appearance-specific self-evaluations. In contrast, selfie editing is related to negative self-evaluations both generally and specific to appearance. Gender and age did not moderate these relationships, but methodological factors did, suggesting these relationships depend on factors, such as how selfie behaviors are measured and study design. We interpret these findings through the lens of prominent social psychological theories and conclude with suggestions to guide future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1227-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9252396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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