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Which Identities Are Concealable? Individual Differences in Concealability. 哪些身份是可隐瞒的？可概念性的个体差异。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231198162
Joel M Le Forestier, Elizabeth Page-Gould, Alison L Chasteen
{"title":"Which Identities Are Concealable? Individual Differences in Concealability.","authors":"Joel M Le Forestier, Elizabeth Page-Gould, Alison L Chasteen","doi":"10.1177/01461672231198162","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231198162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concealment is a common and consequential identity management strategy. But which identities are concealable? In three studies (<i>n</i> = 468; <i>obs</i> = 4,068), we find substantial individual differences in which identities people experience as concealable. These individual differences in concealability manifest as Person × Identity interactions, such that people experience varying levels of concealability for each of their individual identities. In two additional studies (<i>n</i> = 465; <i>obs</i> = 3,784), we find that these individual differences predict the frequency and efficacy of concealment. We conclude that it is inaccurate to label entire categories of identities as either concealable or conspicuous and urge intergroup researchers to consider people's unique experiences of concealability. Pre-registrations for Studies 1 to 4 and open materials, code, and data for all studies are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/m95qu/.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"775-793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10261227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward an Index of Adaptive Personality Regulation. 建立适应性人格调节指数。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231177567
Paul Irwing, Clare Cook, David J Hughes
{"title":"Toward an Index of Adaptive Personality Regulation.","authors":"Paul Irwing, Clare Cook, David J Hughes","doi":"10.1177/01461672231177567","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231177567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idea that matching personality expression with situational demands is adaptive is implicit in many accounts of personality. Numerous constructs and measures have been posited to address this or similar phenomena. Few have proven adequate. In response, we proposed and tested a novel measurement approach (the APR index) assessing real-time behavior to rate participants' success in matching personality expression with situational demands, which we denote adaptive personality regulation. An experimental study (<i>N</i> = 88) and an observational study of comedians (<i>N</i> = 203) provided tests of whether the APR index constituted a useful metric of adaptive personality regulation. In both studies, the APR index showed robust psychometric properties; was statistically unique from mean-level personality, self-monitoring, and the general factor of personality expression; and provided incremental concurrent prediction of task/job performance. The results suggest that the APR index provides a useful metric for studying the phenomenon of successfully matching personality expression to situational demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"659-677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10064859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Growth Mindset of Beauty Promotes Risk-Taking Propensity and Behavior.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251327605
Natalie T Faust, Iris W Hung
{"title":"The Growth Mindset of Beauty Promotes Risk-Taking Propensity and Behavior.","authors":"Natalie T Faust, Iris W Hung","doi":"10.1177/01461672251327605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251327605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beauty has pervasive implications for success in various domains of life. Given this broad and visible nature, whether and how a belief in the improvability of this important human attribute influences judgment and decision-making is largely unknown. We found that beauty implicit theories can produce strong cross-domain impact on risk-taking behavior. Using both hypothetical choices and real behaviors in one cross-country survey and nine experiments, including three supplementary studies (<i>N</i> = 4,015), we found that (a) incremental theorists, who believed that beauty is malleable and improvable, took greater risks than entity theorists, who believed that beauty is fixed, and (b) an incremental belief of beauty heightens a sense of optimism that one will achieve positive outcomes in various domains of life, which consequently promotes risk-seeking behavior. These findings demonstrate that domain-specific implicit theory (i.e. beauty in our case) can affect behavior beyond that domain (non-beauty related risk-taking).</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251327605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Further Evidence for Awareness of Implicit Attitudes: Accurate Prediction of Implicit Evaluations Extends Across Different Implicit Measures and Different Prediction Tasks.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251328064
Michael R Andreychik, Samantha C Fuchs
{"title":"Further Evidence for Awareness of Implicit Attitudes: Accurate Prediction of Implicit Evaluations Extends Across Different Implicit Measures and Different Prediction Tasks.","authors":"Michael R Andreychik, Samantha C Fuchs","doi":"10.1177/01461672251328064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251328064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calling into question the pervasive assumption that people lack awareness of their own implicit evaluations, a growing body of research has demonstrated that people are quite accurate when predicting how they will perform on implicit measures. However, given both the theoretical and practical implications of understanding the extent to which people are aware of the cognitions reflected on implicit measures, it is crucial to examine the generality of this finding. Across four studies using two different measures of implicit evaluations, two different prediction tasks, and multiple target categories, we replicated the key finding that people are quite accurate in predicting their performance on implicit measures. Combining these results with those from existing work strongly suggests that people's ability to accurately predict their performance on implicit measures is not simply an artifact of the particular measure used to tap implicit evaluations or the particular way in which predictions are assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251328064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Complex Misestimation of Others' Emotions: Underestimation of Emotional Prevalence Versus Overestimation of Emotional Intensity and Their Associations with Well-Being.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251327169
Ho Ching Ip, Gilad Feldman
{"title":"The Complex Misestimation of Others' Emotions: Underestimation of Emotional Prevalence Versus Overestimation of Emotional Intensity and Their Associations with Well-Being.","authors":"Ho Ching Ip, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.1177/01461672251327169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251327169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jordan et al., 2011, demonstrated that people underestimated the prevalence of others' negative emotional experiences and that these were associated with higher well-being. We conducted a preregistered replication of Studies 1b and 3 by Jordan et al., 2011 (<i>N</i> = 594) with adjustments and added extensions. Building on their methodology, we examined both prevalence and intensity of emotional experiences, and our findings suggest a much more complex story with surprising effects. We found an underestimation of the prevalence of negative emotions, but also unexpectedly of an underestimation of the prevalence of positive emotions, with stronger effects for negative than for positive emotions. However, we found an opposite effect for emotional intensity; people overestimated the intensity of both positive and negative emotional experiences, again with stronger effects for negative. Surprisingly, associations between prevalence estimations and well-being were in the opposite direction to the target article's. Materials, data, and code: https://osf.io/bwmtr/.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251327169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Friendships in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Parental and Friendship Attachment Representations and Intimacy. 成长期的友谊：父母和朋友的依恋表征与亲密关系的作用》（The Role of Parental and Friendship Attachment Representations and Intimacy.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231195339
Marie G Oldeman, Antonius H N Cillessen, Yvonne H M van den Berg
{"title":"Friendships in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Parental and Friendship Attachment Representations and Intimacy.","authors":"Marie G Oldeman, Antonius H N Cillessen, Yvonne H M van den Berg","doi":"10.1177/01461672231195339","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231195339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current studies addressed the associations between attachment representations with parents and a single best friend, intimacy behaviors (self-disclosure and support-seeking), and friendship quality in emerging adulthood, using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM). Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 186 dyads) examined whether attachment to parents predicted friendship quality, and whether this was mediated by attachment to their best friend. More avoidance or anxiety with parents predicted lower friendship quality, which was mediated by avoidance or anxiety with their best friend. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 118 dyads) examined whether self-disclosure and support-seeking mediated the link between attachment with best friend and friendship quality. Anxiety with their best friend predicted lower friendship quality, which was mediated by support-seeking. Anxiety predicted less self-disclosure and support-seeking. We found no effects of avoidance. No partner effects were found in both studies. The findings are discussed in terms of adult attachment theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"514-529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biased Beliefs About White Releasees' Sensitivity to Social Pain. 关于白人释放者对社会痛苦的敏感性的偏见。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231207952
Samantha R Pejic, Jason C Deska
{"title":"Biased Beliefs About White Releasees' Sensitivity to Social Pain.","authors":"Samantha R Pejic, Jason C Deska","doi":"10.1177/01461672231207952","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231207952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accurate perception of others' pain is a prerequisite to provide needed support. However, social pain perception is prone to biases. Multiple characteristics of individuals bias both physical and social pain judgments (e.g., ethnicity and facial structure). The current work extends this research to a chronically stigmatized population: released prisoners (i.e., releasees). Recognizing the large United States releasee rates and the significant role support plays in successful re-integration, we conducted four studies testing whether people have biased judgments of White male releasees' sensitivity to social pain. Compared with the noncriminally involved, people judged releasees as less sensitive to social pain in otherwise identical situations (Studies 1a-3), an effect that was mediated by perceived life hardship (Study 2). Finally, judging releasees' as relatively insensitive to social pain undermined perceivers' social support judgments (Study 3). The downstream consequences of these findings on re-integration success are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"644-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Do Women and Men Perceive the Sacrifice of Leaving Work for Their Families? A Cost-Benefit Analysis. 女性和男性如何看待离职对家庭的牺牲？成本效益分析
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231195331
Laura Villanueva-Moya, Francisca Expósito
{"title":"How Do Women and Men Perceive the Sacrifice of Leaving Work for Their Families? A Cost-Benefit Analysis.","authors":"Laura Villanueva-Moya, Francisca Expósito","doi":"10.1177/01461672231195331","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231195331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to analyze perceptions of the costs and benefits of family and work sacrifices. In Study 1, participants (<i>n</i> = 222) rated the associated benefits and costs of a sacrifice (work vs. family). In Study 2, participants (<i>n</i> = 213) rated the associated benefits and costs of a work sacrifice, their willingness to sacrifice, and their sense of authenticity. In Study 3, participants (<i>n</i> = 186) reported on commitment and relationship satisfaction, rated the associated benefits and costs of a work sacrifice, and their life satisfaction. Participants perceived that work sacrifices were costlier for men and more beneficial for women and that women felt more authentic for making them. For women, higher commitment or relationship satisfaction was associated with greater perception of benefits, which was associated with greater life satisfaction. These findings highlight the relevance of gender differences in work sacrifices and hence in women's professional advancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"495-513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10526729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Truthfulness Predominates in Americans' Conceptualizations of Honesty: A Prototype Analysis. 诚实在美国人的诚信观念中占主导地位：原型分析》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231195355
Caleb J Reynolds, Emily Stokes, Eranda Jayawickreme, R Michael Furr
{"title":"Truthfulness Predominates in Americans' Conceptualizations of Honesty: A Prototype Analysis.","authors":"Caleb J Reynolds, Emily Stokes, Eranda Jayawickreme, R Michael Furr","doi":"10.1177/01461672231195355","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231195355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honesty is a near universally valued trait. However, the term <i>honesty</i> captures a litany of traits and behaviors, obscuring research on social perceptions and trait measurement of honesty and creating philosophical difficulties in accounting for what (if anything) unifies this diversity. We applied a prototype analysis approach to identify the most central elements of lay honesty conceptualizations, identifying elements that come to mind and are explicitly acknowledged as important to honesty. In five studies (<i>N</i> = 1,442), U.S. American participants generated 6,000+ free responses characterizing honesty and indicated which subtraits and behaviors best represent honesty. Truthfulness was most central to lay honesty conceptualizations across all studies and several centrality indices (frequency among responses and participants, agreement across participants, priority in lists, explicit ratings), though several other features were prominent. Findings illuminate social perceptions of honesty, critique popular measurement of trait honesty, and offer empirical foundations for philosophical analysis of honesty.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"573-595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10189667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spirituality of Science: Implications for Meaning, Well-Being, and Learning. 科学精神：对意义、幸福和学习的影响》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231191356
Jesse L Preston, Thomas J Coleman, Faith Shin
{"title":"Spirituality of Science: Implications for Meaning, Well-Being, and Learning.","authors":"Jesse L Preston, Thomas J Coleman, Faith Shin","doi":"10.1177/01461672231191356","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231191356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientists often refer to spiritual experiences with science. This research addresses this unique component of science attitudes-<i>spirituality of science</i>: feelings of meaning, awe, and connection derived through scientific ideas. Three studies (<i>N</i> = 1,197) examined individual differences in Spirituality of Science (SoS) and its benefits for well-being, meaning, and learning. Spirituality of Science was related to belief in science, but unlike other science attitudes, spirituality of science was also associated with trait awe and general spirituality (Study 1). spirituality of science also predicted meaning in life and emotional well-being in a group of atheists and agnostics, showing that scientific sources of spirituality can provide similar psychological benefits as religious spirituality (Study 2). Finally, Spirituality of Science predicted stronger engagement and recall of scientific information (Study 3). Results provide support for an experience of spirituality related to science, with benefits for meaning, well-being, and learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"632-643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10073318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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