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Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgment Revisited. 精神变态特质与功利主义道德判断的再审视。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231169105
Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zuzanna Farny
{"title":"Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgment Revisited.","authors":"Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zuzanna Farny","doi":"10.1177/01461672231169105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231169105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide deeper insights into the relationships between psychopathic traits and utilitarian moral judgment, we studied <i>N</i> = 702 adults using three psychopathy scales: (a) the Levenson's Self-report Psychopathy Scale; (b) the Psychopathic Personality Inventory; and (c) the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; and three measures of utilitarian moral judgment: (a) trolley dilemmas; (b) the Consequences, Norms, and Inaction (CNI) model of moral decision-making; and (c) the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale. When using the traditional approach to moral judgment (i.e., trolley dilemmas, instrumental harm, traditional score from the CNI model), we found that higher levels of psychopathic traits were associated with a higher utilitarian tendency. When using the modeling approach, we found that a higher level of psychopathic traits was related to weaker sensitivity to moral norms and less action averse in morally problematic situations. In addition, we found negative associations between impartial beneficence and all psychopathy scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Successful Goal Attainment: Longitudinal Effects of Goal Commitment and Implicit Motives Among German and Zambian Adolescents. 成功的目标达成：德国和赞比亚青少年目标承诺和内隐动机的纵向效应。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231181938
Jan Hofer, Ellen Kerpen, Holger Busch, Meike Lehmann, Anitha Menon
{"title":"Successful Goal Attainment: Longitudinal Effects of Goal Commitment and Implicit Motives Among German and Zambian Adolescents.","authors":"Jan Hofer, Ellen Kerpen, Holger Busch, Meike Lehmann, Anitha Menon","doi":"10.1177/01461672231181938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231181938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goal commitment typically relates to successful goal realization. Yet, individuals differ in how much their goals correspond to their implicit motives. We hypothesized that for those adolescents high in a given implicit motive, goal commitment and goal success in the corresponding motive domain (i.e., achievement, affiliation, power) are more closely related than for those low in the implicit motive. Data were assessed in an individualistic (Germany) and a collectivistic cultural context (Zambia) on two measurement occasions (i.e., T1: Picture Story Exercise for implicit motives; T1 and T2: GOALS questionnaire for goal commitment and success, respectively). Goal success at T2 was reliably predicted by goal importance and goal success at T1, respectively. The hypothesized interaction was found only for the implicit power motive but not for the implicit needs of achievement and affiliation, respectively. Results were equivalent across adolescents' cultural backgrounds. Findings are discussed with respect to motive-specific effects on goal dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Much Is It Weighing on You? Development and Validation of the Secrecy Burden Scale. 你的负担有多重？保密负担量表的开发与验证。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231172387
Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L Gable
{"title":"How Much Is It Weighing on You? Development and Validation of the Secrecy Burden Scale.","authors":"Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L Gable","doi":"10.1177/01461672231172387","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231172387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keeping a secret is often considered burdensome, with numerous consequences for well-being. However, there is no standardized measure of secrecy burden, and most studies focus on individual/cognitive burden without considering social/relational aspects. This research aimed to develop and validate a secrecy burden measure tapping both intrapersonal and interpersonal components. Study 1 used exploratory factor analysis to reveal a four-factor model of secrecy burden: Daily Personal Impact, Relationship Impact, Pull to Reveal, and Anticipated Consequences. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate this factor structure and found that each factor was uniquely associated with different emotional and well-being outcomes. Study 3 employed a longitudinal design and found that higher scores on each factor predicted lower authenticity and higher depression and anxiety 2 to 3 weeks later. Altogether, this research is the first step in standardizing a secrecy burden measure and applying it to real-world secrets and well-being outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to Positive Feedback as a Lever to Boost Students' STEM Outcomes. 积极反馈是提高学生科学、技术和工程学成果的杠杆》的更正。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241276870
{"title":"Corrigendum to Positive Feedback as a Lever to Boost Students' STEM Outcomes.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01461672241276870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241276870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization. 在多种族分类过程中，单种族类别的反射性激活。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273194
John Andrew H Chwe, David J Lick, Jonathan B Freeman
{"title":"Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization.","authors":"John Andrew H Chwe, David J Lick, Jonathan B Freeman","doi":"10.1177/01461672241273194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers' ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to multiracial individuals moderated these effects. When measured (Study 2) or manipulated (Study 3), multiracial exposure reduced monoracial category activation and activation occurred for both morphed and real multiracial faces (Study 4). Together, the findings suggest that multiracial categorizations emerge from dynamic competition between relatively more accessible monoracial categories and a less-accessible multiracial category, which is attenuated through greater exposure to multiracial targets. This research is the first to chart out the real-time dynamics underlying multiracial categorizations and offers a new theoretical account of this increasingly common form of social categorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Looking White But Feeling Asian: The Role of Perceived Membership Permeability and Perceived Discrimination in Multiracial-Monoracial Alliances. 看起来是白人但感觉是亚裔：多种族-单种族联盟中成员渗透性和歧视感的作用》（Looking White But Feeling Asian: The Role of Perceived Membership Permeability and Perceived Discrimination in Multiracial-Monoracial Alliances.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241267332
Wilson N Merrell, Nadia Vossoughi, Nour S Kteily, Arnold K Ho
{"title":"Looking White But Feeling Asian: The Role of Perceived Membership Permeability and Perceived Discrimination in Multiracial-Monoracial Alliances.","authors":"Wilson N Merrell, Nadia Vossoughi, Nour S Kteily, Arnold K Ho","doi":"10.1177/01461672241267332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241267332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relatively little is known about the extent to which multiracial people stand in solidarity with their parent groups. Here, we draw from social identity theory to examine predictors of Asian-White multiracial people's solidarity with Asian and White people, Asian monoracial people's meta-perceptions of these solidarity levels, and consequences of these meta-perceptions for intergroup relations. Studies 1a-b show that Asian-White multiracial people stand in solidarity more strongly with Asian people than White people, especially when they perceive high levels of anti-Asian discrimination, and even when they believe they physically look White. Studies 2a-b demonstrate that Asian monoracial people incorrectly believe that physically White-looking Asian-White multiracial people stand in solidarity more strongly with White people, and these pessimistic meta-perceptions are associated with more rejection of multiracial people. Study 3 provides a causal link between meta-perceptions and rejection while providing preliminary evidence that correcting these solidarity meta-perceptions can improve intergroup attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vicarious Dissonance: Pre-Registered Meta-Analysis. 虚拟失调：预先登记的 Meta 分析。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241266653
Sara Jaubert, Adrien Alejandro Fillon, Lionel Souchet, Fabien Girandola
{"title":"Vicarious Dissonance: Pre-Registered Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sara Jaubert, Adrien Alejandro Fillon, Lionel Souchet, Fabien Girandola","doi":"10.1177/01461672241266653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241266653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vicarious cognitive dissonance process predicts that observing an inconsistent act by a member of the ingroup causes uncomfortable arousal in the observer, inducing a motivation to reduce this discomfort. This meta-analysis examined the effect of vicarious cognitive dissonance based on 24 studies (<i>N</i> = 16,769). Our results indicated a small effect for the vicarious cognitive dissonance (<i>g</i> = 0.41 [0.27, 0.54], <i>p</i> <.001) with important variability between the outcomes. Our moderator analysis was limited by the low number of included studies. Publication bias analyses indicate a small true effect size (e.g., 3PSM: <i>g</i> = 0.22, <i>p</i> = .042), that was inflated by small sample sizes (R-index = 14.6%). We discussed theoretical issues concerning the psychological processes underlying vicarious cognitive dissonance, and methodological questions concerning operationalization. We proposed ways of improving the design and procedure to ensure that the effects found in the literature exist and are replicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Talking About Privilege: Framing Inequality as Advantage Is More Likely for Inequality in Positive Than in Negative Outcomes. 谈论特权：将不平等定格为优势对于积极结果中的不平等比消极结果中的不平等更有可能。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241265779
Annette Malapally, Susanne Bruckmüller
{"title":"Talking About Privilege: Framing Inequality as Advantage Is More Likely for Inequality in Positive Than in Negative Outcomes.","authors":"Annette Malapally, Susanne Bruckmüller","doi":"10.1177/01461672241265779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241265779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inequality is often one-sidedly framed as disadvantage, a practice identified as problematic by empirical research and critical scholarship, as it renders privilege invisible and shapes perceptions of and reactions to inequality. Importantly, inequality can mean differences in positive (e.g., promotions) or negative outcomes (e.g., harassment). Drawing on cognitive processes involved in (group) comparisons and the processing of positive and negative content, we predict that the valence of outcomes moderates the preference for disadvantage (vs. advantage) frames. We coded social media posts on gender inequality (Study 1, <i>n</i> = 1,402) and had participants in an online experiment (Study 2, <i>n</i> = 164) describe gender and sexual orientation inequality in positive and negative outcomes. Confirming hypotheses, people overall used disadvantage frames more, but were more likely to use advantage frames for inequality in positive (compared with negative) outcomes. We discuss theoretical implications for inequality framing research and practical implications for privilege awareness interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Putting Oneself Ahead of the Group: The Liability of Narcissistic Leadership. 把自己放在团体之前：自恋型领导的责任。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231163645
Jennifer Lynch, Alex J Benson
{"title":"Putting Oneself Ahead of the Group: The Liability of Narcissistic Leadership.","authors":"Jennifer Lynch, Alex J Benson","doi":"10.1177/01461672231163645","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231163645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating insights from interdependence theory with the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept, we propose that a pivotal obstacle for narcissistic leaders is their inability to sustain benevolent perceptions over time. As people strive to interpret social behavior in terms of self- or other-interest, the narcissistic tendency of prioritizing self-interests over the collective may become apparent and eventually taint their reputation as a leader. We examined how interpersonal motive perceptions-based on attributions of self- and other-interest-would clarify the leadership paradox of narcissism. We tracked 472 participants in 119 teams across four time-points. Narcissistic rivalry (but not admiration) corresponded to increasingly negative leader effectiveness ratings. The extent to which individuals were perceived as self-maximizing and lacking concern for other interests was tightly connected to declines in leader effectiveness across time. Altogether, these results offer insight into how perceived interpersonal motives may explain the downfall of narcissistic leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9612158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Beliefs That Older Adults Are Inflexible Serve as a Barrier to Racial Equality? 认为老年人缺乏灵活性是否是种族平等的障碍？
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231159767
Kimberly E Chaney, Alison L Chasteen
{"title":"Do Beliefs That Older Adults Are Inflexible Serve as a Barrier to Racial Equality?","authors":"Kimberly E Chaney, Alison L Chasteen","doi":"10.1177/01461672231159767","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231159767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research has demonstrated that older adults are stereotyped as less malleable than young adults. Moreover, beliefs that people are less malleable are associated with lower confrontations of prejudice, as perpetrators are seen as less capable of changing their (prejudiced) behavior. The present research sought to integrate these lines of research to demonstrate that endorsement of ageist beliefs that older adults are less malleable will lead to a lower confrontation of anti-Black prejudice espoused by older adults. Across four experimental studies (<i>N</i> = 1,573), people were less likely to confront anti-Black prejudice espoused by an 82-year-old compared with a 62-, 42-, or 20-year-old, due, in part, to beliefs that older adults are less malleable. Further exploration demonstrated that malleability beliefs about older adults were held across young, middle-aged, and older adult samples. These findings demonstrate how stereotypes about older adults can impede racial equality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9214330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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