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Measuring Morality: An Examination of the Moral Foundation Questionnaire's Factor Structure. 衡量道德：道德基础问卷因素结构研究。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231191362
Alexandra S Wormley, Matthew Scott, Kevin J Grimm, Adam B Cohen
{"title":"Measuring Morality: An Examination of the Moral Foundation Questionnaire's Factor Structure.","authors":"Alexandra S Wormley, Matthew Scott, Kevin J Grimm, Adam B Cohen","doi":"10.1177/01461672231191362","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231191362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral foundations theory proposes five domains of morality-harm, fairness, loyalty, purity, and authority. Endorsement of these moral domains is assessed by the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), a 30-item scale that has undergone intense measurement scrutiny. Across five samples (<i>N</i> = 464,229), we show greatly improved model fit using a Bifactor model that accounts for two kinds of items in the MFQ: judgment and relevance. We add to this space by demonstrating how using this improved measurement structure changes the strength of correlations of the moral foundations with numerous attitudes, cognitive styles, and moral decision-making. Future research should continue to identify what, if anything, the relevance and judgment factors might substantively capture over and above the substantive domains of moral foundations. In the meantime, we recommend that researchers use the Bifactor model for its improved model structure, rather than dropping the relevant items as some have proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"314-328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10351551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward a Comprehensive, Data-Driven Model of American Political Goals: Recognizing the "Values" and "Vices" Within Both Liberalism and Conservativism. 建立以数据为导向的美国政治目标综合模型：认识自由主义和保守主义的 "价值观 "和 "恶习"。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231185484
Benjamin M Wilkowski, Emilio Rivera, Laverl Z Williamson, Erika DiMariano, Brian P Meier, Adam Fetterman
{"title":"Toward a Comprehensive, Data-Driven Model of American Political Goals: Recognizing the \"Values\" and \"Vices\" Within Both Liberalism and Conservativism.","authors":"Benjamin M Wilkowski, Emilio Rivera, Laverl Z Williamson, Erika DiMariano, Brian P Meier, Adam Fetterman","doi":"10.1177/01461672231185484","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231185484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When a person indicates they are \"liberal\" or \"conservative,\" an important part of what they are communicating is their <i>goals</i> for how they would like society to be structured. However, past theories have described these goals in dramatically different fashions, suggesting that either conservativism or liberalism reflects a divisive or unifying goal. To help overcome this impasse, we systematically compared a broad, representative sample of all possible higher-order goals (drawn a previous lexical investigation of more than 1,000 goals) to the political ideology of American adults (total <i>n</i> = 1,588). The results of five studies suggested that proposals from competing theories are all partially correct. Conservativism simultaneously reflects the unifying \"value\" of Tradition, as well as the divisive \"vice\" of Elitism; while Liberalism simultaneously reflects the unifying \"value\" of Inclusiveness, and the divisive \"vice\" of Rebellion. These results help to integrate proposals from previous competing theories into a single framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"167-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9975234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Demographic Increases in LGBT and Nonreligious Americans Increase Threat? 男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者以及无宗教信仰美国人的人口增长会增加威胁吗？
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231188278
Cameron Mackey, Kimberly Rios
{"title":"Do Demographic Increases in LGBT and Nonreligious Americans Increase Threat?","authors":"Cameron Mackey, Kimberly Rios","doi":"10.1177/01461672231188278","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231188278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Building on previous research demonstrating that demographic growth of racial minorities increases realistic threat and prejudice among majority group members, we examined whether demographic increases of groups associated with symbolic threat (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender [LGBT] and nonreligious groups) increased realistic threat, symbolic threat, and/or prejudice. In a single-paper meta-analysis across four studies, participants who read that LGBT groups were becoming more prevalent in the United States exhibited heightened perceptions of realistic threat and (especially) symbolic threat from these groups, which in turn predicted anti-LGBT prejudice. Two similar studies examining the growth of nonreligious groups demonstrated weaker effects. Implications for America's growing diversity and future directions for studying these effects are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"253-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9914218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dilution of Diversity: Ironic Effects of Broadening Diversity. 多样性的稀释：扩大多样性的讽刺效应。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231184925
Teri A Kirby, Nicole Russell Pascual, Laura K Hildebrand
{"title":"The Dilution of Diversity: Ironic Effects of Broadening Diversity.","authors":"Teri A Kirby, Nicole Russell Pascual, Laura K Hildebrand","doi":"10.1177/01461672231184925","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231184925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diversity is one of the buzzwords of the 21st century. But who counts as diverse? We coded diversity statements to examine how organizations typically define diversity and whether oppressed-group members perceive some definitions as <i>diluting diversity</i>, or detracting from the original intention of diversity initiatives. Organizations most commonly opted for a <i>broad</i> definition of diversity (38%) that focused on diversity in perspectives and skills, with no mention of demographic group identities (e.g., race; Study 1). In Studies 2 and 3, people of color perceived broad statements as diluting diversity more than other diversity statements. They were also less interested in working at those organizations, and broad statements led sexual minorities to be less willing to disclose their sexual identity (Study 4). Thus, broadening the definition of diversity to include individual characteristics and skills may backfire, unless the importance of demographic diversity is also acknowledged.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"268-283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Appetitive and Aversive Motivation in Dysregulated Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. 行为失调中的食欲性动机和厌恶性动机：元分析。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231185509
Konrad Bresin, Rowan A Hunt
{"title":"Appetitive and Aversive Motivation in Dysregulated Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Konrad Bresin, Rowan A Hunt","doi":"10.1177/01461672231185509","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231185509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appetitive and aversive motivation are prominent in theories of dysregulated behaviors. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between individual differences in appetitive and aversive motivation and several dysregulated behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, marijuana use, tobacco use, binge eating, aggression, gambling, and nonsuicidal self-injury). Alcohol use (<i>r</i> = .17, <i>k</i> = 141), marijuana use (<i>r</i> = .13, <i>k</i> = 23), aggression (<i>r</i> = .22, <i>k</i> = 52), and gambling (<i>r</i> = .08, <i>k</i> = 55) were all significantly positively related to appetitive motivation. Binge eating (<i>r</i> = .28, <i>k</i> = 34) and self-injury (<i>r</i> = .17, <i>k</i> = 10) were significantly positively related to aversive motivation. Effect sizes were similar to the median effect size in personality research. Together, these results provide some evidence that some dysregulated behaviors are more correlated with approach motivation, whereas others are more correlated with aversive motivation, which may indicate distinct etiological pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"239-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9900714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implicit Theories of Happiness: When Happiness Is Viewed as Changeable, Happy People Are Perceived Much More Positively Than Unhappy People. 幸福的隐含理论：当幸福被视为可以改变时，幸福的人比不幸福的人更容易被积极地看待。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231184711
Emily K Hong, Jinhyung Kim, Incheol Choi
{"title":"Implicit Theories of Happiness: When Happiness Is Viewed as Changeable, Happy People Are Perceived Much More Positively Than Unhappy People.","authors":"Emily K Hong, Jinhyung Kim, Incheol Choi","doi":"10.1177/01461672231184711","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231184711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Happy people are often perceived positively, perhaps more than they actually are, whereas unhappy people are often perceived negatively, perhaps more than they actually are. What would make this bias stronger or weaker? The present research addresses this question by exploring the roles of implicit theories of happiness in the trait perceptions toward happy and unhappy people. Specifically, four studies (<i>N</i> = 998) tested hypotheses that an incremental theory of happiness would enhance and an entity theory of happiness would attenuate the trait perceptions favoring happy over unhappy people. Results found converging evidence that believing happiness as changeable (incremental theory) enhances the positive perceptions toward happy people, while providing less consistent evidence that believing happiness as fixed (entity theory) mitigates the negative perceptions toward unhappy people. The current research contributes to the literature on essentialism and advances the understanding of the roles of implicit theories of happiness in person perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"185-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9817208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic Made People Feel Threatened, but Had a Limited Impact on Political Attitudes in the United States. COVID-19 大流行的爆发让人们感到威胁，但对美国政治态度的影响有限。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231190233
Mark J Brandt, Shree Vallabha, Felicity M Turner-Zwinkels
{"title":"The Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic Made People Feel Threatened, but Had a Limited Impact on Political Attitudes in the United States.","authors":"Mark J Brandt, Shree Vallabha, Felicity M Turner-Zwinkels","doi":"10.1177/01461672231190233","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231190233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic's onset caused changes in political attitudes. Influential theories predict that the pandemic's onset will cause people to adopt more conservative attitudes, more culturally conservative attitudes, or more extreme attitudes. We comprehensively tested the external validity of these predictions by estimating the causal effect of the pandemic's onset on 84 political attitudes and eight perceived threats using fine-grained repeated cross-sectional data (Study 1, <i>N</i> = 232,684) and panel data (Study 2, <i>N</i> = 552) collected in the United States. Although the pandemic's onset caused feelings of threat, the onset only caused limited attitude change (six conservative shifts, four extremity shifts, 12 liberal shifts, 62 no change). Prominent theories of threat and politics did not make accurate predictions for this major societal threat. Our results highlight the necessity of testing psychological theories' predictive powers in real-life circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"284-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political, Cultural, or Religious: How Do People Construe Religious Identity in Post-Conflict Societies?
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251313831
Gülseli Baysu, Özden Melis Uluğ
{"title":"Political, Cultural, or Religious: How Do People Construe Religious Identity in Post-Conflict Societies?","authors":"Gülseli Baysu, Özden Melis Uluğ","doi":"10.1177/01461672251313831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251313831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the understudied aspect of the multi-faceted nature of religious identity and its implications for intergroup outcomes vital to (post-)conflict settings. Three studies were conducted in Northern Ireland to address this gap using a mixed-method approach. Study 1 involved 519 Catholic and Protestant participants who provided open-ended responses regarding religious identity construals as religious, cultural, or political. Qualitative content analysis yielded 17 items related to Catholic/Protestant identity construals. Study 2 included 276 participants who rated these 17 items, and factor analyses identified a subset of 14 items representing the three identity construals. Finally, Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 300) validated the newly-developed scale and examined how different combinations of religious, cultural, and political identities related to forgiveness, collective action, and allyship. The results indicate the reliable measurement of religious identity construals across the three dimensions and contribute to understanding religious identity and its implications for conflict and peace.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251313831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to When Interdependence Backfires: The Coronavirus Infected Three Times More People in Rice-Farming Areas During Chinese New Year.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251314879
{"title":"Corrigendum to When Interdependence Backfires: The Coronavirus Infected Three Times More People in Rice-Farming Areas During Chinese New Year.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01461672251314879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251314879","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251314879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexual Orientation Disclosure and Strategic Navigation of Interpersonal Invisibility.
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241313269
Emily Schwartzman, Rebecca Neel
{"title":"Sexual Orientation Disclosure and Strategic Navigation of Interpersonal Invisibility.","authors":"Emily Schwartzman, Rebecca Neel","doi":"10.1177/01461672241313269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241313269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with concealable stigmatized identities may strategically share or hide cues to their identity. They may likewise seek or avoid interpersonal invisibility (i.e., being ignored). Despite semantic similarities, identity concealment and invisibility are conceptually distinct, but existing empirical work has not explored whether they are independent-that is, whether people may sometimes reveal to be invisible, or conceal to be visible. To evaluate this distinction, we collected lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) participants' free-response descriptions of situations where they revealed or concealed their sexual orientation to be visible or invisible (Study 1). Other LGB participants imagined social interactions in which they revealed or concealed their sexual orientation to be visible or invisible and rated their expected emotions in this situation (Study 2). We find that concealment and invisibility can occur independently of one another with separate effects on emotions, and that LGB people use identity disclosure and concealment to strategically navigate interpersonal invisibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672241313269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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