{"title":"The Soothing Effect of a Stable World: Social Behavior of Individuals Varying on Social Anxiety Under Fixed and Growth Mindsets About Impression Formation.","authors":"Liad Uziel","doi":"10.1177/01461672251378537","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251378537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social anxiety (SA) entails perceiving interactions as threatening and is linked to detrimental social outcomes. This study tested whether individuals scoring higher on SA navigate interactions better when believing the impressions people form of others are relatively fixed (fixed mindset), thereby making interactions feel more controlled and less demanding. A Preliminary Study established that holding a fixed mindset attenuates how demanding interactions feel among individuals higher on SA. Three experiments manipulated impression formation mindsets. In Study 1, higher SA was associated with making a negative impression in a self-presentation task following a growth mindset induction (belief that impressions are malleable) but not following a fixed mindset induction. This pattern was repeated in Study 2 involving a stress-inducing self-presentation task. In Study 3, following a fixed mindset induction, SA predicted better real-life social experiences. In conclusion, a fixed model of impression formation may improve social functioning among individuals predisposed to SA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3791-3804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajen A Anderson, Daan Scheepers, Benjamin C Ruisch
{"title":"\"And the Next Thing You Know . . .\": Ideological Differences in Slippery Slope Thinking.","authors":"Rajen A Anderson, Daan Scheepers, Benjamin C Ruisch","doi":"10.1177/01461672251391893","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251391893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slippery slope arguments (SSAs) contend that a small, innocuous change will lead to cascading negative consequences. Although SSAs are common in political discourse, they have received little empirical attention in this context. In 15 studies (including samples from four countries and a study of natural language usage on the social media site Reddit), we examine <i>who</i> may be most prone to slippery slope thinking and <i>why</i> people in general may engage in such thinking. We consider whether individuals of different political ideologies exhibit different degrees of support for SSAs. We test three competing hypotheses that it is (a) political extremists, (b) political liberals, or (c) political conservatives that more strongly endorse SSAs. We consistently find that conservatives endorse SSAs more due to ideological differences in intuitive thinking. We additionally find evidence of these ideological differences in social media behavior, and that slippery slope thinking has consequences for punitive attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3757-3772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145506234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cassandra M Chapman, Jessica Spence, Lucas Dixon, Aimee E Smith, Matthew J Hornsey
{"title":"Social Norms and Charitable Giving: A Meta-Analytic Review.","authors":"Cassandra M Chapman, Jessica Spence, Lucas Dixon, Aimee E Smith, Matthew J Hornsey","doi":"10.1177/01461672251383996","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251383996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charitable giving is essential for supporting collective action on various social and environmental problems. Social norms are known to sometimes affect giving, but not always. In this multilevel meta-analysis, we aggregate data from 113 independent samples from research involving 100,469 people in 22 countries to understand the extent to which social norms influence charitable giving (<i>r</i> = .18, <i>p</i> < .001). We test a range of theoretical, methodological, and sample moderators to understand the conditions under which norms may be most effective at promoting giving. The relationship was stronger for injunctive than descriptive norms, when the norm referent was friends and family (vs. no referent or another ingroup), for internalized (vs. externally presented) norms, and potentially when the giving behavior was observed by others. Norms appear effective for most people, and especially for younger people and in non-WEIRD and collectivist contexts. Effects, however, were only found in published research and non-preregistered studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3736-3756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145506255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adela Černigoj, Paul E Jose, Ágnes Szabó, Nicolas Geeraert
{"title":"The Longitudinal Examination of Associations Among Coping Styles, Sociocultural Context, and Re-Entry Stress After Study Abroad.","authors":"Adela Černigoj, Paul E Jose, Ágnes Szabó, Nicolas Geeraert","doi":"10.1177/01461672251391059","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251391059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research explored how approach, acceptance, and avoidance coping styles predicted re-entry stress. Second, it examined how home country sociocultural factors (individualism/collectivism, flexibility/monumentalism, cultural heterogeneity, and Human Development Index) predicted re-entry stress. Third, interaction effects between coping styles and country-level variables on re-entry stress were explored. We analyzed data from an 18-month longitudinal study which followed 1485 high school students before going abroad, while staying abroad, and after returning home. Students came from 45 home countries and studied abroad for 8-10 months. When controlling for baseline levels of stress, multilevel modeling analyses showed that acceptance coping predicted lower re-entry stress while avoidance coping predicted greater re-entry stress. Participants returning home to countries with higher collectivism and cultural homogeneity experienced greater re-entry stress. Collectivism moderated the effect of approach coping on re-entry stress, so that coping by not approaching the stressor was associated with greater stress in collectivist cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3937-3952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What's in It for Me? Beliefs About Relative Costs to Well-Being Explain Why People Deprioritize Moral Improvements.","authors":"Jessie Sun, Jonathan Z Berman","doi":"10.1177/01461672251367068","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251367068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most people are interested in improving themselves, but they show less interest in improving on moral traits. Why don't people particularly want to be more moral, and why do people prioritize improving certain traits more than others? Across four preregistered studies of U.K.-based CloudResearch (<i>N</i><sub>Study 1</sub> = 252; <i>N</i><sub>Supplemental</sub> = 110) and Behavioral Research Lab (<i>N</i><sub>Study 2a</sub> = 303, <i>N</i><sub>Study 2b</sub> = 301) participants, we test four classes of explanations. Results rule out explanations based on the ideas that moral traits are seen as more difficult to change and as either more or less causally central. Instead, people are less interested in moral improvements because they believe (a) that they are already highly moral and (b) that nonmoral improvements would more effectively improve their happiness and goal attainment. These results clarify the perceived tradeoffs between well-being and morality and show that personal well-being is a central motivation for personality change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3773-3790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire J Shimshock, Natalie M Sisson, Princeton X Chee, Jennifer E Stellar, Emily A Impett, Bonnie M Le
{"title":"The Hidden Costs of Gratitude: Gratitude Amplification Is Costly for Personal and Relationship Well-Being.","authors":"Claire J Shimshock, Natalie M Sisson, Princeton X Chee, Jennifer E Stellar, Emily A Impett, Bonnie M Le","doi":"10.1177/01461672251389045","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251389045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expressing gratitude often strengthens relationships, yet many people say \"thank you\" despite not feeling especially grateful. Although this may seem innocuous, are there hidden costs? We tested the effects of expressed, perceived, and accurate perceptions of gratitude amplification on romantic couples' personal and relational well-being across four dyadic studies (<i>N<sub>couples</sub></i> = 639), including lab conversations (Studies 1a and 2a), naturalistically in daily life (Studies 1b and 2b), and over time (Studies 3 and 4). Findings indicated that higher expressed and perceived gratitude amplification did yield personal and interpersonal costs, which were mediated by lower authenticity and responsiveness. Effects could not be accounted for by alternative explanations, including expressers feeling lower relationship satisfaction or less grateful for their partner. Altogether, we identify a hidden cost of gratitude expressions, indicating that amplified gratitude can undermine couples' well-being by compromising authenticity and responsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3968-3987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Did I Swipe On? Accuracy and Self-Presentation in Online Dating.","authors":"Sarra Jiwa, Norhan Elsaadawy, Erika N Carlson","doi":"10.1177/01461672251386488","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251386488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many people use online dating profiles to meet partners and screen potential dates. Unlike other online contexts, targets might be more motivated to misrepresent their personality, making accuracy difficult. How strongly are people motivated to misrepresent themselves, how transparent is personality, and which individual differences might explain these processes? Online daters (targets, <i>N</i> = 180) submitted their profiles, described their personality and the impression they wanted to convey. Judges (<i>N</i> = 196) viewed these profiles and rated targets' personalities. Overall, targets wanted to be seen accurately and positively, and they successfully presented desired personas without their personality leaking through, suggesting being seen accurately is within targets' control. Some processes were related to outcomes (e.g., swiping decisions) and explained by individual differences (e.g., attachment). These findings highlight the importance of considering self-presentational goals in online dating and when indexing accuracy in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3720-3735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145506195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impressions of Deviant Disgust Expressions Are Functionally Specific.","authors":"Kaelyn Sabree, Joshua M Ackerman","doi":"10.1177/01461672261489310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672261489310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do people perceive those who violate emotional expression norms? Across four studies, impressions of people displaying disgust \"inappropriately\" depended on <i>how</i> the deviation occurred. Targets who failed to show disgust toward disgust-eliciting stimuli (\"flat deviants\") were judged as less healthy and lower in social status. Conversely, targets who expressed disgust to neutral stimuli (\"react deviants\") were judged as less open-minded and less cooperative. These impressions tracked inferred behavioral affordances: flat deviants were seen as more likely to engage in pathogen-risky behaviors, whereas react deviants were not. Consistent with these judgments, affective deviants were differentially \"punished\": flat deviants were rated as less fit and less likely to be recommended for jobs emphasizing health and hygiene, whereas react deviants faced these penalties for jobs emphasizing cooperativeness. Thus, perceivers do not simply condemn emotional norm violations; instead, they draw on expression-environment mismatches to make functionally specific trait judgments and potentially discriminatory decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672261489310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agata Gasiorowska, Dariusz Dolinski, Michal Folwarczny, Tobias Otterbring
{"title":"Should I Stay or Should I Go? Preference for Consistency Predicts Choice Perseveration in the Monty Hall Problem.","authors":"Agata Gasiorowska, Dariusz Dolinski, Michal Folwarczny, Tobias Otterbring","doi":"10.1177/01461672261488891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672261488891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five incentivized studies (<i>N</i> = 5,354) tested whether preference for consistency (PfC) predicts staying with one's initial choice in the Monty Hall problem, despite the fact that switching maximizes the probability of winning. Studies 1 and 2 found that higher PfC predicts staying, even after controlling for need for closure, preference for structure, intolerance of uncertainty, conspiracy beliefs, and numerical competence. Studies 3 and 4 provided experimental evidence that incentives moderated the link between PfC and staying, but higher (vs. lower) PfC only attenuated rather than eliminated incentive sensitivity. Study 5 identified anticipated regret over switching and losing as a mechanism underlying the effect, showing that the link between PfC and staying held across cultural contexts, although its magnitude was culturally calibrated. Together, this research shows that consistency motivation governs choice perseverance in a task that is intentionally impersonal and assumed to be driven by probabilistic reasoning rather than motivational forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672261488891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Avoiding Animal Suffering and Preserving Human Lives: Mind Perception and Speciesism in Moral Judgments of Torture and Killing.","authors":"Simon Myers, Jesse L Preston, Adam Sanborn","doi":"10.1177/01461672251367841","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251367841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is worse-torturing an animal or killing it? What about humans? In three studies (<i>n</i> = 472), torturing animals was perceived as worse than killing, but this was significantly reduced or reversed for humans. This was partially explained by mind-perception (agency or experience), and also by an aversion to the loss of human lives over and above this (speciesism). Study 1 provided evidence that the moral wrongness of torturing a hypothetical animal was worse than killing, but killing was worse for human targets. Study 2 partially replicated and extended these results across different species. Ratings were predicted by mind perception, and speciesist preference to avoid human death. Study 3 used pairs of species, separating torture and killing judgments, showing that while speciesism is important for explaining the greater weight people place on human lives, it played a smaller role in judgments about suffering after accounting for mind-perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3310-3323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}