Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin最新文献_第3页

The Best-Case Heuristic: Relative Optimism in Relationships, Politics, and a Global Health Pandemic. 最佳情况启发式：关系、政治和全球健康大流行中的相对乐观主义。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231191360

Hallgeir Sjåstad, Jay Van Bavel

{"title":"The Best-Case Heuristic: Relative Optimism in Relationships, Politics, and a Global Health Pandemic.","authors":"Hallgeir Sjåstad, Jay Van Bavel","doi":"10.1177/01461672231191360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231191360","url":null,"abstract":"In four experiments covering three different life domains, participants made future predictions in what they considered the most realistic scenario, an optimistic best-case scenario, or a pessimistic worst-case scenario (N = 2,900 Americans). Consistent with a best-case heuristic, participants made \"realistic\" predictions that were much closer to their best-case scenario than to their worst-case scenario. We found the same best-case asymmetry in health-related predictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, for romantic relationships, and a future presidential election. In a fully between-subject design (Experiment 4), realistic and best-case predictions were practically identical, and they were naturally made faster than the worst-case predictions. At least in the current study domains, the findings suggest that people generate \"realistic\" predictions by leaning toward their best-case scenario and largely ignoring their worst-case scenario. Although political conservatism was correlated with lower covid-related risk perception and lower support of early public-health interventions, the best-case prediction heuristic was ideologically symmetric.","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"612-631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10213112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Do We Turn to and What Do We Get? Cultural Differences in Attachment Structure and Function Among East Asian and Western Individuals. 我们向谁求助，得到了什么？东亚人和西方人依恋结构和功能的文化差异。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231195781

Minjoo Joo, Susan E Cross, Sun W Park

引用次数: 0

Perceived Relative Deprivation Across the Adult Lifespan: An Examination of Aging and Cohort Effects. 成年人一生中感知到的相对匮乏：对老龄化和队列效应的研究。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231195332

Kieren J Lilly, Chris G Sibley, Danny Osborne

{"title":"Perceived Relative Deprivation Across the Adult Lifespan: An Examination of Aging and Cohort Effects.","authors":"Kieren J Lilly, Chris G Sibley, Danny Osborne","doi":"10.1177/01461672231195332","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231195332","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being a core psychological construct for over 70 years, research has yet to examine how perceptions of deprivation relative to other individuals and/or groups develop across adulthood. As such, this preregistered study uses cohort-sequential latent growth modeling to examine changes in individual- and group-based relative deprivation (IRD and GRD, respectively) across the adult lifespan. Across 10 annual assessments of a nationwide random sample of adults (Ntotal = 58,878; ethnic minority n = 11,927; 62.7% women; ages 21-80), mean levels of IRD trended downward across the lifespan, whereas mean levels of GRD generally increased from young-to-middle adulthood before declining across late adulthood. Subtle cohort effects emerged for both constructs, although both IRD and GRD largely followed a normative aging process. Critically, the development of GRD-but not IRD-differed between ethnic groups, providing insights into how one's objective status may shape subjective (dis)advantage over time.","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"554-572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231192384

Stylianos Syropoulos, Bernhard Leidner

{"title":"Emphasizing Similarities Between Politically Opposed Groups and Their Influence in Perceptions of the Political Opposition: Evidence From Five Experiments.","authors":"Stylianos Syropoulos, Bernhard Leidner","doi":"10.1177/01461672231192384","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231192384","url":null,"abstract":"Across five experiments (four pre-registered, N = 4,431), we investigate whether emphasizing similarities between Republicans and Democrats can improve intergroup relations between the two groups. Members of both groups who were presented with evidence emphasizing similarities rather than differences in the psychological attitudes of both parties reported greater inclusion of the political opposition in the self, greater belief that common ground can be reached for major social issues, and warmer feelings toward the opposition. Inclusion of the political outgroup in the self mediated the effect of the similarities condition on additional outcomes, relating to more positive and less threatening perceptions of political opposition members. These findings held even when compared with a baseline condition with no information presented to participants. We conclude that by emphasizing the study of group similarities and by disseminating research in a way that highlights similarities, researchers could reduce intergroup hostilities in the political domain.","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"530-553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Falls for Misinformation and Why?

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251328800

Tyler J Hubeny, Lea S Nahon, Nyx L Ng, Bertram Gawronski

{"title":"Who Falls for Misinformation and Why?","authors":"Tyler J Hubeny, Lea S Nahon, Nyx L Ng, Bertram Gawronski","doi":"10.1177/01461672251328800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251328800","url":null,"abstract":"Misinformation is widespread, but only some people accept the false information they encounter. This raises two questions: Who falls for misinformation, and why do they fall for misinformation? To address these questions, two studies investigated associations between 15 individual-difference dimensions and judgments of misinformation as true. Using Signal Detection Theory, the studies further investigated whether the obtained associations are driven by individual differences in truth sensitivity, acceptance threshold, or myside bias. For both political misinformation (Study 1) and misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines (Study 2), truth sensitivity was positively associated with cognitive reflection and actively open-minded thinking, and negatively associated with bullshit receptivity and conspiracy mentality. Although acceptance threshold and myside bias explained considerable variance in judgments of misinformation as true, neither showed robust associations with the measured individual-difference dimensions. The findings provide deeper insights into individual differences in misinformation susceptibility and uncover critical gaps in their scientific understanding.","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251328800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Privilege to be Yourself Depends on What Others Think of You: Social Status Increases Authenticity.

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251327606

Erica R Bailey, James T Carter, Sheena S Iyengar, Adam D Galinsky

{"title":"The Privilege to be Yourself Depends on What Others Think of You: Social Status Increases Authenticity.","authors":"Erica R Bailey, James T Carter, Sheena S Iyengar, Adam D Galinsky","doi":"10.1177/01461672251327606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251327606","url":null,"abstract":"Authenticity is associated with numerous benefits, including well-being, relationship satisfaction, and workplace engagement, sparking interest in its antecedents. Previous research has primarily concentrated on intraindividual factors like self-knowledge, self-awareness, and self-esteem. Complementing this perspective, we suggest that interpersonal factors also influence authenticity. Specifically, we propose that social status, defined as the respect and admiration received from others, enhances authenticity. Study 1 confirmed that higher status correlated with authentic self-expression in 1,656 naturalistic conversations between strangers. Subsequent studies found that the positive link between status and authenticity (Study 2; N = 980) occurs, in part, through social acceptance (Studies 3-4; N = 1,372). Two additional experiments (Study 5a-b; N = 1,764) manipulated status and compared its causal impact on authenticity to power, another key aspect of social hierarchy, and a recognized antecedent of authenticity. Collectively, our findings support a social perspective in understanding authenticity: individuals feel more like themselves when they are respected and admired by others.","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251327606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Should I Feel About This? Investigating the Emotions and Processes Involved in Indulging in Guilty Pleasures.

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251327440

LaCount J Togans, Allen R McConnell

{"title":"How Should I Feel About This? Investigating the Emotions and Processes Involved in Indulging in Guilty Pleasures.","authors":"LaCount J Togans, Allen R McConnell","doi":"10.1177/01461672251327440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251327440","url":null,"abstract":"Many circumstances trigger mixed feelings, and understanding how people navigate ambivalent affective states sheds light on how social motivations guide behavior. We adopted a discrete, functionalist account of emotion to explore the positive and negative emotions experienced when indulging in guilty pleasures (GPs) and how these outcomes implicate cognitive dissonance and self-presentation processes. Study 1 randomly assigned participants to reflect on a GP or their previous morning routine, whereas Studies 2 (student sample) and 3 (general population sample) assessed participants' GPs, emotions experienced, and self-presentation concerns. Across these studies, GPs elicited positive emotions of amusement, contentment, and enthusiasm, and negative emotions of guilt, embarrassment, and shame, highlighting their ambivalent nature. Participants consistently reported being less likely to share their GPs with more interpersonally distant audiences (e.g., strangers, acquaintances, grandparents) than closer audiences (e.g., friends, immediate family). These findings suggest that cognitive dissonance and self-presentation processes are implicated in GP behaviors.","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251327440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Class, Control, and Culture: Individuals with Low Socioeconomic Status Perceive Less Control in Relationally Immobile Societies.

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251328722

Kuan-Ju Huang

引用次数: 0

Attachment Orientations Predict the Likelihood of Choosing to be Childfree and the Reasons for Not Wanting Children.

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/01461672251322842

Sara Glass, R Chris Fraley

引用次数: 0

Elevated Power Promotes Prosocial Behavior More Than Elevated Status.