心理学最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosing specific learning disorder in adults Part II: bias, base rates, and a path forward.","authors":"Allyson G Harrison, Richard Sparks","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2654023","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2654023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The diagnosis of specific learning disorders (SLDs) in adults has increased substantially over the past two decades, particularly within selective postsecondary and professional training settings. Part II of this paper examines why adult SLD diagnosis is especially vulnerable to error and bias, despite diagnostic criteria requiring substantial, developmentally grounded academic impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We synthesize empirical research from neuropsychology, education, and psychometrics to identify systematic sources of diagnostic distortion in adult SLD assessment. Particular emphasis is placed on statistical artifacts (e.g. restriction of range), base-rate neglect, contextual performance effects, performance validity, reliance on self-report, and the misapplication of sociostructural frameworks to clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To combat overdiagnosis and ground diagnosis in empirically-supported practices, we propose a four-step diagnostic framework for first time diagnosis of SLD in adults: 1) Documented academic achievement below at least the 16^th percentile relative to the general population norms; 2) Clear evidence of onset in early school years, including impairment when scaffolding and supports are removed; 3) Evidence that academic difficulties persisted despite adequate educational opportunity and, when available, targeted intervention; and 4) Exclusion of contextual, motivational, neurological/medical, language, or instructional explanations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of SLD in adulthood requires population-referenced criteria, corroborated evidence of childhood onset, objective demonstration of current academic impairment, systematic exclusion of alternative explanations, and assessment of performance credibility. Adoption of a structured, evidence-based diagnostic framework is essential to preserving the scientific validity, ethical application, and equitable use of SLD diagnoses in adult educational and professional settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"955-969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Mediated Mental Health Support: The Role of Attachment Orientation and Psychological Distress.","authors":"Dorit Hadar Shoval, Elad Refoua, Karny Gigi, Yuval Haber, Inbar Levkovich, Iftach Tsafrir, Ori Pen, Zohar Elyoseph","doi":"10.1177/21522715261494423","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21522715261494423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General-purpose generative AI (GenAI) models are increasingly serving as quasi-social agents, representing a novel form of informal AI-mediated help-seeking. This study examined associations between adult attachment orientations (Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire), psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21), and the use of GenAI for mental health support. In a nonprobability sample of 584 Israeli adult GenAI users, 29.3 percent reported having turned to these models at least once for emotional support, coping advice, or mental health assistance; the proportion reached 47.0 percent among those reporting severe distress. These self-reported figures reflect any such contact, from a single exchange to sustained use. Hierarchical logistic regression identified distress as the strongest psychological correlate of use. Younger age and female gender predicted use. Attachment anxiety was associated with use, but this association did not remain significant once distress was included, a pattern consistent with the shared variance between the two constructs. Attachment avoidance was negatively but nonsignificantly associated with use. Findings position general-purpose GenAI as an accessible, low-barrier resource disproportionately used by distressed individuals. The high uptake among severely distressed users (47.0 percent) points to potential safety concerns and to a need for systematic evaluation of the safety, crisis-response quality, and clinical-displacement risks of consumer-facing AI use.</p>","PeriodicalId":10872,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","volume":" ","pages":"809-813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Child Play and Media Addiction in Adolescence: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Chaeyun Lee, Hye In Jeong, Yeolib Kim","doi":"10.1177/21522715261493720","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21522715261493720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although media addiction is a recognized public health concern, the theoretical framework surrounding its longitudinal development remains relatively underdeveloped. This study addresses that gap by evaluating a developmental model that traces a path from early parent-child play at age 6 to adolescent media addiction at age 14, with executive function and peer attachment at age 10 examined as parallel mediators. We used three waves of data from a representative sample of 1,130 parent-child dyads in the Panel Study on Korean Children. Early parent-child play at age 6 significantly predicted higher executive function at age 10, which subsequently predicted lower media addiction at age 14. This indirect path via executive function was statistically significant. Conversely, the indirect effect through peer attachment was not significant, as peer attachment was unrelated to both early play and subsequent media addiction. The direct effect of parent-child play on adolescent media addiction was nonsignificant, demonstrating that the protective influence of early family play operates through cognitive mechanisms rather than social bonds. These findings shift the clinical focus from proximal adolescent factors to early prevention, emphasizing middle childhood as a critical therapeutic window for bolstering executive function to mitigate later media addiction risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10872,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","volume":" ","pages":"794-800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday executive functions in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Data from nine institutions.","authors":"Xiaoli Zong, Dan Liu, Xian Wu, Pamela L Wolters, Jonathan M Payne, Bonita P Klein-Tasman, Karin S Walsh, Jennifer Janusz, Natalie Pride, Stephanie M Morris, Carrie E Bearden, Peter L Stavinoha, Yang Hou","doi":"10.1037/neu0001087","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive function (EF) difficulties are prevalent in neurogenetic syndromes such as Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), the most common autosomal dominant condition associated with nervous system tumors. However, age-related differences in EF problems in children with NF1 remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine how EF problems in daily life vary across ages throughout childhood and adolescence and how these age patterns vary across demographic and NF1 disease-related characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study integrated data of 1,294 observations from 1,025 children with NF1 (<i>M</i>_age = 9.77 years, <i>SD</i> = 4.06, range = 3-18) from nine institutions in the United States and Australia. EF was reported by parents using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Time-varying effect modeling was used to estimate curvilinear EF trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with NF1 demonstrated elevated EF problems compared to the normative mean from early childhood through late adolescence, with deviations generally largest from midchildhood through midadolescence. At ages showing the greatest deviations from the normative mean, medium to large EF gaps were observed across five core domains (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.73-1.42). The exact age patterns varied across EF domains and by children's sex, parental education, and NF1 inheritance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leveraging the largest EF data set of children with NF1 to date, this study precisely estimated EF problems across developmental periods and highlighted the heterogeneity in EF age patterns. These age-specific estimates are crucial for establishing EF developmental norms that guide clinical practice and patient management strategies. The findings can inform the design of individualized intervention and prevention strategies tailored to various developmental periods and diverse demographic and disease-related characteristics for children with NF1. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"812-823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between hedonic hunger, diet quality, mindful eating, sleep quality, and occupational stress in shift and non-shift hospital employees.","authors":"Sümeyra Ak, Hülya Kamarlı Altun","doi":"10.1177/13591053261426792","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13591053261426792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study investigates the association between hedonic hunger and lifestyle and nutritional factors among hospital employees with different work schedules. A total of 220 healthcare professionals participated. Hedonic hunger, mindful eating, sleep quality, occupational stress, and diet quality were evaluated using validated scales. Compared to non-shift workers, those on rotating shifts had significantly higher levels of hedonic hunger (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and job stress (<i>p</i> < 0.001), alongside lower mindful eating scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Hedonic hunger was moderately correlated with poorer sleep quality (<i>r</i> = 0.335, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and increased job stress (<i>r</i> = 0.333, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality increased the likelihood of elevated hedonic hunger by 27.8%, retaining significance after adjusting for age and sex (24.7%). Job stress was associated with a 3.0% increase in hedonic hunger risk. These findings highlight the need to integrate stress reduction, mindful eating, and sleep optimisation strategies, especially for shift-working healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"5430-5445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between two-way social support, psychological flexibility, intolerance of uncertainty, and patient activation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A chain mediation model.","authors":"Fangting Yang, Junfeng Xu, Ling Zhou, Qin Yang, Jiangqin Xiao","doi":"10.1177/13591053261429216","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13591053261429216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to investigate whether psychological flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty serve as intermediaries connecting two-way social support to patient activation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 442 Chinese COPD patients. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v26.0 software and the PROCESS macro. The results showed that the COPD patient activation score was 60.62 ± 14.84. Correlation analysis showed that patient activation scores were positively correlated with two-way social support scores, but negatively correlated with psychological flexibility scores and intolerance of uncertainty scores. Mediation analyses confirmed that both psychological flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty significantly mediated the relationship between two-way social support and patient activation. Developing targeted interventions against these mediators is essential to activate patient health behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"5607-5622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between birth-related stressors, social reward responsiveness, and postpartum internalizing symptoms.","authors":"Emilia F Cárdenas, Maya Jackson, Julia Garon-Bissonnette, Kate L Harkness, Kathryn L Humphreys, Autumn Kujawa","doi":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2620592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2620592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Birth-related stressors and reward processing are associated with postpartum internalizing symptoms. We examined main effects and interactions of reward processing and birth-related stressors on postpartum internalizing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women (<i>n</i> = 95) completed the Birth Experience Interview and questionnaires at 8-weeks postpartum. In addition, while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected, participants completed a Social Incentive Delay task to measure neural responses to feedback indicating a correct response and receipt of a social reward (photo of own infant) vs. feedback indicating an incorrect response and neutral outcome. EEG analyses focused on reward positivity (RewP) to reward feedback, adjusting for responses to neutral feedback. Participants completed questionnaires on depressive, anxiety, and traumatic intrusion symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater birth-related severity and violations of expectations during childbirth were associated with more traumatic intrusion symptoms, but not depressive or anxiety symptoms. Surprisingly, an <i>enhanced</i> social RewP was associated with greater depression and anxiety symptoms. Social RewP moderated associations between birth experiences and postpartum traumatic intrusions; greater violation of expectations was associated with greater traumatic intrusions for those with relatively larger social RewP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the utility of using dimensions of birth-related stressors as well as ERPs for measuring individual differences in reward processing relevant to postpartum internalizing symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51415,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety Stress and Coping","volume":" ","pages":"701-715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological resilience, inflexibility, meaning in life, and religious coping as mediators between earthquake risk perception and self-generated stress among Turkish earthquake survivors.","authors":"Mehmet Emin Turan, Serkan Cengiz","doi":"10.1177/13591053261423641","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13591053261423641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have examined the relationship between perceived earthquake risk and self-generated stress; however, limited attention has been paid to the mechanisms that explain this relationship. This study addressed this gap by testing the mediating roles of psychological resilience, psychological inflexibility, meaning in life, and positive religious coping among Turkish adults. Data were collected from 1011 participants (mean age = 28.3; SD = 10.34) across Türkiye through a paper-and-pencil survey. A mediation model was conducted to examine the indirect effects of these psychological variables. Results showed that all four variables significantly mediated the relationship between earthquake risk perception and self-generated stress. These insights may inform psychological preparedness programs and support the development of resilience-focused interventions in natural disaster contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"5401-5418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive expectations and health behaviors among the adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fabio Alexis Rincón Uribe, Cristian Ariel Neira Espejo, Janari da Silva Pedroso","doi":"10.1177/13591053261432061","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13591053261432061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this meta-analysis is to analyze the association between positive expectations (hope and optimism) and health behaviors. Systematic searches were conducted in five electronic databases from March to August 2023. A meta-analytic approach was used, applying Fisher's z-transformation to Pearson's weighted r coefficient. From 17,470 records identified, 22 studies were included. The overall pooled effect size showed a significant relationship between health behaviors, optimism (<i>r</i> = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.22-0.40), and hope (<i>r</i> = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.17-0.33). Subgroup analyses suggested that associations varied according to age group and cultural group. Furthermore, meta-regression analysis also indicated that the type of healthy behavior significantly moderates the associations, while the average age showed a small and insignificant effect, especially in relation to optimism. These findings suggest that positive expectations are consistently associated with health-related behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"5239-5256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and psychometric properties of the HIV Public Stigma Scale (HPSS) among Chilean young adults.","authors":"Mauro P Olivera, Marianne Hualla-Pinilla, Paulina Manosalva-Mendoza, Nicole Melivilu-Ibarra, Catherine Vallejos-Salazar","doi":"10.1177/13591053261428346","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13591053261428346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising HIV incidence in Chile underscores the need for culturally appropriate measures of HIV stigma. However, few instruments are available to measure public HIV stigma (stigma held by the general population) on Latin American context. This study addressed this gap by developing and validating the HIV Public Stigma Scale (HPSS) for Chilean young adults. In a sample of 329 university students, exploratory structural equation modeling supported a three-factor structure underlying a single higher-order stigma factor. The final 14-item scale demonstrated excellent fit in confirmatory factor analysis and high internal consistency across subscales and the overall construct. Higher HPSS scores were significantly associated with lower intention to get tested for HIV and greater perceived HIV severity, although no relationship was observed with perceived susceptibility. The HPSS exhibits robust psychometric properties and provides a brief, reliable measure of public HIV stigma to guide stigma-reduction interventions and public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"5342-5357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}