心理学最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosing specific learning disorder in adults Part II: bias, base rates, and a path forward.","authors":"Allyson G Harrison, Richard Sparks","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2654023","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2654023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The diagnosis of specific learning disorders (SLDs) in adults has increased substantially over the past two decades, particularly within selective postsecondary and professional training settings. Part II of this paper examines why adult SLD diagnosis is especially vulnerable to error and bias, despite diagnostic criteria requiring substantial, developmentally grounded academic impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We synthesize empirical research from neuropsychology, education, and psychometrics to identify systematic sources of diagnostic distortion in adult SLD assessment. Particular emphasis is placed on statistical artifacts (e.g. restriction of range), base-rate neglect, contextual performance effects, performance validity, reliance on self-report, and the misapplication of sociostructural frameworks to clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To combat overdiagnosis and ground diagnosis in empirically-supported practices, we propose a four-step diagnostic framework for first time diagnosis of SLD in adults: 1) Documented academic achievement below at least the 16^th percentile relative to the general population norms; 2) Clear evidence of onset in early school years, including impairment when scaffolding and supports are removed; 3) Evidence that academic difficulties persisted despite adequate educational opportunity and, when available, targeted intervention; and 4) Exclusion of contextual, motivational, neurological/medical, language, or instructional explanations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of SLD in adulthood requires population-referenced criteria, corroborated evidence of childhood onset, objective demonstration of current academic impairment, systematic exclusion of alternative explanations, and assessment of performance credibility. Adoption of a structured, evidence-based diagnostic framework is essential to preserving the scientific validity, ethical application, and equitable use of SLD diagnoses in adult educational and professional settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"955-969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Mediated Mental Health Support: The Role of Attachment Orientation and Psychological Distress.","authors":"Dorit Hadar Shoval, Elad Refoua, Karny Gigi, Yuval Haber, Inbar Levkovich, Iftach Tsafrir, Ori Pen, Zohar Elyoseph","doi":"10.1177/21522715261494423","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21522715261494423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General-purpose generative AI (GenAI) models are increasingly serving as quasi-social agents, representing a novel form of informal AI-mediated help-seeking. This study examined associations between adult attachment orientations (Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire), psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21), and the use of GenAI for mental health support. In a nonprobability sample of 584 Israeli adult GenAI users, 29.3 percent reported having turned to these models at least once for emotional support, coping advice, or mental health assistance; the proportion reached 47.0 percent among those reporting severe distress. These self-reported figures reflect any such contact, from a single exchange to sustained use. Hierarchical logistic regression identified distress as the strongest psychological correlate of use. Younger age and female gender predicted use. Attachment anxiety was associated with use, but this association did not remain significant once distress was included, a pattern consistent with the shared variance between the two constructs. Attachment avoidance was negatively but nonsignificantly associated with use. Findings position general-purpose GenAI as an accessible, low-barrier resource disproportionately used by distressed individuals. The high uptake among severely distressed users (47.0 percent) points to potential safety concerns and to a need for systematic evaluation of the safety, crisis-response quality, and clinical-displacement risks of consumer-facing AI use.</p>","PeriodicalId":10872,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","volume":" ","pages":"809-813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Child Play and Media Addiction in Adolescence: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Chaeyun Lee, Hye In Jeong, Yeolib Kim","doi":"10.1177/21522715261493720","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21522715261493720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although media addiction is a recognized public health concern, the theoretical framework surrounding its longitudinal development remains relatively underdeveloped. This study addresses that gap by evaluating a developmental model that traces a path from early parent-child play at age 6 to adolescent media addiction at age 14, with executive function and peer attachment at age 10 examined as parallel mediators. We used three waves of data from a representative sample of 1,130 parent-child dyads in the Panel Study on Korean Children. Early parent-child play at age 6 significantly predicted higher executive function at age 10, which subsequently predicted lower media addiction at age 14. This indirect path via executive function was statistically significant. Conversely, the indirect effect through peer attachment was not significant, as peer attachment was unrelated to both early play and subsequent media addiction. The direct effect of parent-child play on adolescent media addiction was nonsignificant, demonstrating that the protective influence of early family play operates through cognitive mechanisms rather than social bonds. These findings shift the clinical focus from proximal adolescent factors to early prevention, emphasizing middle childhood as a critical therapeutic window for bolstering executive function to mitigate later media addiction risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10872,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","volume":" ","pages":"794-800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday executive functions in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Data from nine institutions.","authors":"Xiaoli Zong, Dan Liu, Xian Wu, Pamela L Wolters, Jonathan M Payne, Bonita P Klein-Tasman, Karin S Walsh, Jennifer Janusz, Natalie Pride, Stephanie M Morris, Carrie E Bearden, Peter L Stavinoha, Yang Hou","doi":"10.1037/neu0001087","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive function (EF) difficulties are prevalent in neurogenetic syndromes such as Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), the most common autosomal dominant condition associated with nervous system tumors. However, age-related differences in EF problems in children with NF1 remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine how EF problems in daily life vary across ages throughout childhood and adolescence and how these age patterns vary across demographic and NF1 disease-related characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study integrated data of 1,294 observations from 1,025 children with NF1 (<i>M</i>_age = 9.77 years, <i>SD</i> = 4.06, range = 3-18) from nine institutions in the United States and Australia. EF was reported by parents using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Time-varying effect modeling was used to estimate curvilinear EF trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with NF1 demonstrated elevated EF problems compared to the normative mean from early childhood through late adolescence, with deviations generally largest from midchildhood through midadolescence. At ages showing the greatest deviations from the normative mean, medium to large EF gaps were observed across five core domains (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.73-1.42). The exact age patterns varied across EF domains and by children's sex, parental education, and NF1 inheritance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leveraging the largest EF data set of children with NF1 to date, this study precisely estimated EF problems across developmental periods and highlighted the heterogeneity in EF age patterns. These age-specific estimates are crucial for establishing EF developmental norms that guide clinical practice and patient management strategies. The findings can inform the design of individualized intervention and prevention strategies tailored to various developmental periods and diverse demographic and disease-related characteristics for children with NF1. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"812-823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between birth-related stressors, social reward responsiveness, and postpartum internalizing symptoms.","authors":"Emilia F Cárdenas, Maya Jackson, Julia Garon-Bissonnette, Kate L Harkness, Kathryn L Humphreys, Autumn Kujawa","doi":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2620592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2620592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Birth-related stressors and reward processing are associated with postpartum internalizing symptoms. We examined main effects and interactions of reward processing and birth-related stressors on postpartum internalizing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women (<i>n</i> = 95) completed the Birth Experience Interview and questionnaires at 8-weeks postpartum. In addition, while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected, participants completed a Social Incentive Delay task to measure neural responses to feedback indicating a correct response and receipt of a social reward (photo of own infant) vs. feedback indicating an incorrect response and neutral outcome. EEG analyses focused on reward positivity (RewP) to reward feedback, adjusting for responses to neutral feedback. Participants completed questionnaires on depressive, anxiety, and traumatic intrusion symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater birth-related severity and violations of expectations during childbirth were associated with more traumatic intrusion symptoms, but not depressive or anxiety symptoms. Surprisingly, an <i>enhanced</i> social RewP was associated with greater depression and anxiety symptoms. Social RewP moderated associations between birth experiences and postpartum traumatic intrusions; greater violation of expectations was associated with greater traumatic intrusions for those with relatively larger social RewP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the utility of using dimensions of birth-related stressors as well as ERPs for measuring individual differences in reward processing relevant to postpartum internalizing symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51415,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety Stress and Coping","volume":" ","pages":"701-715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Cultures in Trauma Work: The Adaptation and Validation of the Vicarious Resilience Scale in the Context of Gender-Based Violence in China.","authors":"Ge Xu, Nicole L Johnson","doi":"10.1177/08862605251365661","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605251365661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to adapt and validate the Vicarious Resilience Scale (VRS) for Chinese helping professionals working with survivors of gender-based violence (GBV), which addressed a critical gap in the literature on positive psychosocial impacts of trauma work, particularly in China. The VRS was translated and back-translated by a translation committee, following the guidelines by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Pilot testing was conducted to ensure content clarity and equivalence. A convenience and snowball sampling approach recruited 67 helping professionals over approximately 6 months, including mental health counselors, social workers, and other service providers, such as medical and legal professionals. Approximately half of the sample was identified as queer (gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual). An exploratory factor analysis revealed a seven-factor structure of the Chinese VRS, which partially aligns with the original scale while reflecting culturally specific differences. Four items were removed due to poor factor loadings and cross-loadings. The adapted scale demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, and satisfactory convergent validity with related constructs, including compassion, satisfaction, and burnout. However, no significant correlation was found between secondary traumatic stress and self-compassion. These findings suggest that vicarious resilience can be conceptualized in ways that are both universal and culturally specific across diverse contexts. For example, among Chinese helping professionals, most of whom are non-religious and navigate power within a distinct sociopolitical context, the meanings of self-care and social-location awareness may diverge from Western norms. This study marks the first step toward a culturally attuned tool that helps Chinese helping professionals, agencies, supervisors, and researchers open structured conversations about resilience and tailor supports, such as intentional self-care, peer groups, and hope-focused supervision, to sustain GBV practitioners. By pinpointing which factors bolster vicarious resilience, the scale can also guide educator curricula and inform policy decisions on funding, protected time, and targeted resources to safeguard this workforce's well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862-8886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling cooperation: Gendered parenting and its impact on children's reciprocal actions.","authors":"Avi Benozio","doi":"10.1037/dev0002161","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reciprocity emerges early in development, yet its bidirectional dynamics within parent-child dyads remain underexplored. Here, we examined how children's presence and gender shape parents' reciprocal behavior toward third parties, and in turn, how parental modeling shapes their 4-year olds' reciprocal responses toward others. In a two-phase experiment, 179 Israeli parents (<i>M</i>_age = 38, <i>SD</i> = 5.6) interacted with an adult partner who behaved either cooperatively or selfishly, and in the presence or absence of their child (son or daughter). Subsequently, 174 children (<i>M</i>_age = 4.58, <i>SD</i> = 0.78) responded to a peer partner's similar actions. Parents reciprocated cooperation at high rates regardless of their child's presence or gender (87%), but reciprocated selfishness more with sons present (72%) than with daughters (45%). In turn, children reciprocated selfishness at high rates regardless of their parent's behavior (92%), but aligned with their parent's behavior when interacting with cooperative partners. Together, the findings highlight the context and gender specificity of reciprocity among parents and children: Parents retaliate in kind more when accompanied by sons, whereas children align with their parents only when facing cooperative partners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2295-2306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thematic analysis of parent-child conversations about gender nonconformity.","authors":"Anne E Riggs, Charlotte Curry, Alice Curtis","doi":"10.1037/dev0002180","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender-nonconforming (GNC) youth challenge the cultural assumption of the gender binary and are at risk for social rejection and negative appraisals from their peers. Parent-child conversations are a critical socialization context in which gender-related attitudes are formed. How do parents discuss gender nonconformity with their children, and what tactics do they use to support or challenge children's attitudes toward their GNC peers? To address this question, we employed a thematic analysis of conversations between a relatively homogenous sample of 30 dyads of parents (83% mothers; predominantly upper middle class and moderately liberal) and children (87% White, 18 girls, child <i>M</i>_age = 7.2 years, <i>SD</i> = 9.4 months) living in a progressive city in the United States. We asked dyads to discuss vignettes of GNC exemplars engaged in a variety of activities. Our analysis revealed four themes of conversational content and strategies used during the task, each of which represented varying levels of knowledge and experience with gender nonconformity. These themes included the following: conversations centered around the gender binary, including use of gender stereotypes and negative reactions to the exemplars; emphasizing the individual psychological motivations of exemplars and expressing gender-egalitarian attitudes; scaffolding children's perspective-taking through personalized examples and rhetorical questions; and acknowledging the reality of gender norms in the social world and deeply discussing the meaning of gender identity. Together these findings provide important insight into parents' role in socializing children's understanding of gender nonconformity and suggest pathways for facilitating inclusive attitudes toward GNC youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2187-2199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond support: Revisiting Joan M. Erikson's contributions to Erik H. Erikson's theoretical work.","authors":"Haiqun Niu","doi":"10.1037/hop0000306","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although Erik H. Erikson himself and some scholars have acknowledged the significant contributions of his wife, Joan M. Erikson, to psychological theory, her specific role in shaping this framework has remained insufficiently examined. Drawing on an analysis of Joan's educational background, her shared life with Erik, and the affective and intellectual interdependence between them, this study suggests that Joan was not merely a supporter but a collaborator who was deeply involved in conceptual construction, structural refinement, textual revision, and the publication process of the theory. In particular, her involvement in discussions surrounding the concept of basic trust, the establishment of the \"generativity\" stage, and her systematic articulation of the ninth stage in later life represent important moments in the historical development of life cycle theory. This study further suggests that Joan's scholarly labor was not entirely invisible but rather was rendered partially visible and simultaneously marginalized within dominant academic narratives. Revisiting Joan's role in the construction and development of the theory helps restore the actual collaborative conditions of theoretical production rather than diminish Erik's scholarly achievements. This case highlights the value of attending to collaboration, intimacy, and the division of intellectual labor in accounts of knowledge production within psychoanalysis, developmental psychology, and the history of science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"260-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: \"Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01461672251372058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251372058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}