心理学最新文献

{"title":"A question of perspective: Target- vs. perceiver-specific dimensions of mind perception.","authors":"Nele J Bögemann, Lasana T Harris, Steffen Nestler","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mind perception - the inference of mind in others - is foundational for social cognition and interaction, but previous research on its underlying dimensions has so far only produced mixed findings. In a prominent study, H.M. Gray et al. (2007) identified two dimensions of mind perception - Agency and Experience -, while more recent work instead suggests three dimensions similar to Body, Heart, and Mind (Malle, 2019; Weisman et al., 2017). Here, we provide a comprehensive account that can accommodate both dimensional structures by distinguishing target- from perceiver-specific dimensions of mind perception. These dimensions explain target- and perceiver-specific differences in mind perception that were differentially focused on by previous studies ascribing to the competing dimensional structures. To test our account empirically and compare target- vs. perceiver-specific dimensions, we gathered online survey data from two samples (N = 157, and N = 150). In both samples, exploratory factor analyses yielded two target-specific dimensions in line with Agency-Experience, and three perceiver-specific dimensions in line with Body-Heart-Mind, thereby validating our explanatory account. Further analyses showed that perceiver-specific dimensions are meaningfully associated with perceivers' demographics, personality, and spiritual belief; and that they depend on target context. Together, our results resolve inconsistencies in mind perception research and work toward a novel unifying mind perception framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"265 ","pages":"106231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Moral Disengagement: An Examination of the Relationships Between Electronic Communication, Cognitive Empathy, and Antisocial Behavior on the Internet.","authors":"Madison Corkum, N Will Shead","doi":"10.1177/00332941231216415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231216415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A consequence of the proliferation of online communication is the concerning presence of antisocial behavior observed in virtual spaces. Research suggests the cognitive component of empathy is hindered by features of electronic communication which facilitates antisocial behaviors online. Investigations into how features of online communication inhibit cognitive empathy are lacking, and findings on moral disengagement and antisocial behavior have yet to be integrated with studies on cognitive empathy and electronic communication. The current study explores these relationships. One hundred and three undergraduate students completed several measures including the Online Moral Disengagement Scale, Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy, and Online Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Scale. Results showed a positive correlation between compulsive internet use and online moral disengagement, as well as a negative correlation between cognitive empathy and moral disengagement online. It was hypothesized that online moral disengagement would mediate the relation between cognitive empathy and antisocial behavior online but this mediation was not supported. However, a moderated relationship was revealed between cognitive empathy and moral justification, by liberalism. This moderation can be explored further and built upon by future research to deepen our understanding of how political ideology relates to virtual behavior. Furthermore, the findings concerning components of empathy and moral disengagement, and their role within the perpetration of antisocial conduct online, can inform future research as well as interventions focused on fostering prosocial behavior online and curbing cyberaggression.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4169-4192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Silver Linings in the Covid-19 Pandemic: A 2-Wave Study in the UK.","authors":"Alison M Bacon, Jaysan Charlesford, Michael Hyland, Tilla Puskas, Poppy Hughes","doi":"10.1177/00332941231219788","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231219788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread anxiety, fear and depression, yet focussing only on these negative issues may obscure the opportunity to promote positivity and resilience. Traumatic events can often result in positive life changes (adversarial growth) though there is little evidence in the context of pandemics, and no previous studies in Covid-19 with the general public. The present research investigated whether adversarial growth was perceived in Covid-19 and whether this could account for variance in wellbeing, over and above effects of personality traits. Participants recruited from the UK public (<i>N</i> = 183) completed the Big Five Personality Inventory, the WHO-5 Wellbeing Scale and the Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ) measure of adversarial growth. Questionnaires were completed online, at two timepoints, nine months apart. At Time 1, wellbeing was negatively associated with trait Neuroticism and positively associated with Openness to experience. Both associations were positively mediated by SLQ score. At Time 2, SLQ score again mediated the effects of Openness on wellbeing, and also the influence of wellbeing at Time 1 on that at Time 2. Reported Silver Linings included strengthened personal relationships at Time 1, and improved ability to handle life events at Time 2. This suggests a shift from an appreciation of relationships to an awareness of personal development once life returned to some semblance of normality. Overall, results suggest that perceived adversarial growth supported wellbeing during the pandemic and highlight a focus for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4120-4138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawal Notice.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00332941251374454","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941251374454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Cultural Values on Table Tennis: A Qualitative Study Among Chinese and American Graduate Students.","authors":"Yan Luo, Thaddeus J France, Michelle Moosbrugger, Elizabeth Mullin","doi":"10.1177/00315125251343147","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251343147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the cultural values attached to table tennis by American and Chinese graduate students. Through semi-structured interviews, students' experiences and attitudes on table tennis were explored (<i>N</i> = 6). The results showed that Chinese students associated table tennis with entertainment, accessibility, socialization, popularity, national pride, and satisfaction. American students expressed feelings of inclination, entertainment, competitiveness, marginalization, and dissatisfaction toward the sport. These values were shaped by both physical and virtual experiences, with media acting as a bridge to distant narratives of the sport. The findings of this study aid in fostering a mutual comprehension of the cultural values associated with table tennis, as perceived by college graduate students from both nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1598-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Focus of Attention did Not Change Muscle Activation and the Rate of Perceived Exertion in Bench Press Exercise in Successive Training Sessions.","authors":"Pedro Henrique Francisco Nascimento, Camila Nepomuceno Caldeira, Rodrigo Cesar Ribeiro Diniz, André Gustavo Pereira de Andrade, Mauro Heleno Chagas, Fernando Vitor Lima","doi":"10.1177/00315125251343156","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251343156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed the effect of internal focus of attention (IF) on electromyographic activity (EMG) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in successive training sessions. Thirteen volunteers performed 4 sessions on the bench press with 3 sets of 8 repetitions and 90-s rest at 50% of one repetition maximum. The first session consisted of performing the protocol without IF and the following sessions with internal focus to the pectoralis major (PM). For the EMG signal analysis of the PM and triceps brachii (TB), ANOVA two-way with repeated measures was performed. The activation ratio (AR) PM/TB was analyzed using a ANOVA one-way with repeated measures, and for RPE, the Friedman non-parametric test was performed. No differences were found in the EMG of both muscles between sessions (<i>p</i> = .695), indicating no cumulative increase in EMG and also no differences in the AR throughout the sessions (<i>p</i> = .937). No effects were observed (<i>p</i> = .743) on RPE throughout the sessions. The results demonstrated that the instruction to direct the focus did not result in changes in EMG activity or RPE. The subjects' previous experience with IF in their training routines and the way the instructions were given could justify the absence of differences between the tested conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1539-1552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Quality of Life, Level of Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Body Composition on the Academic Performance of High School Students in an Integrated Educational System.","authors":"Jeann C Gazolla, João B Ferreira-Júnior, Samuel Encarnação, André C Schneider, António M Monteiro, José E Teixeira, Pedro Forte, João P Verbena E Oliveira, Diego A Borba, Carlos M A Costa, Carlos A Vieira","doi":"10.1177/00315125251344404","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251344404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Adolescence is a critical period for the development of physical and cognitive health. Understanding how lifestyle and physical health parameters relate to academic performance and quality of life may inform school-based interventions. <b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical activity level (PAL), quality of life (QoL), physical fitness (PF), strength, speed and agility, body composition, and academic performance (AP) in high school students. <b>Research Design:</b> A cross-sectional, correlational study using multiple linear regression models to assess predictive relationships. <b>Study Sample:</b> 365 students (aged 16.93 ± 0.94 years) participated in the study. <b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b> Evaluations included Body Mass Index (BMI); PAL; QoL; PF (handgrip strength, countermovement vertical jump, and agility); and AP. A multiple linear regression was conducted using AP as the dependent variable, with BMI, jump performance, agility, handgrip strength, and PAL scores as predictors. Five additional multiple linear regressions were performed, each with a QoL domain as the dependent variable, and the same set of predictors as in the AP model. Participants' age and sex were included as covariates in all models. <b>Results:</b> Significant predictive capacity was observed for AP (<i>F</i> = 2.22, <i>p</i> = .028, R = 0.31, R² = 0.093) and two QoL domains: physical health (F = 2.32, <i>p</i> = .021, R = 0.28, R² = 0.079) and psychological health (F = 2.32 and <i>p</i> = .021, R = 0.28, R² = 0.079); however, with weak correlation coefficients (0.2 ≤ R <0.4). Only jump performance and age significantly affected the AP model (β = 0.038, <i>p</i> = .014) and the psychological health domain model (β = 0.48, <i>p</i> = .018). <b>Conclusions:</b> The predictors explained 9.3% of the variance in AP and 7.9% of the variance in physical health and psychological health in QoL domains, suggesting that additional factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, dietary habits) may play a role. The findings highlight the importance of multifactorial approaches in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1351-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on Oral Feeding Skills, Weight Gain, and Duration of Hospital Stay in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Şerife Tutar, Nazmiye Yirik","doi":"10.1177/00315125251346863","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251346863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AimThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on oral feeding skills, weight gain, and duration of hospital stay in preterm infants.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and reported according to the PRISMA flow diagram. The literature review was carried out over articles published in English in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Ovid, Cochrane, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, and Google Academic databases. There was no time limitation in the data review, and 11 articles were included in the study.ResultsIn our study, it was determined that the transition time to first oral and full oral feeding was shorter, Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Scale (POFRAS) scores were higher, postmenstrual age in full oral feeding was lower and weight gain was higher in preterm infants who were applied PIOMI. In addition, it was determined that preterm infants who were applied PIOMI switched to full oral feeding at lower weights and had a shorter hospital stay.ConclusionThis study revealed that PIOMI positively affected the duration of transition to oral nutrition, oral nutrition skills, weight gain, and duration of hospital stay in preterm infants. However, considering that PIOMI may be affected by clinical and cultural practices, there is a need to conduct randomized controlled experimental studies with a large sample size in which the effectiveness of PIOMI is tested by standardizing the frequency and duration of application in newborns with more homogeneous characteristics in terms of age and weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1490-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Lower-Limb Simple and Choice Reaction Time and Spatial Orientation in Junior Basketball Players by Implementing Fitlight Technology in Sports Training.","authors":"Dana Badau, Norbert Steff, Adela Badau, Marius Stoica","doi":"10.1177/00315125251347793","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251347793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study aimed to improve the lower limbs' simple and choice reaction times and reactive spatial orientation by practicing an experimental program using Fitlight technology in U14 and U16 junior basketball players. This research integrates three specific tests: the Lower Limb Reaction Test, the Lower Limb Choice Reaction Test, and the Spatial Orientation Reactive Test. These were designed to measure and improve players' reactions to simple, choice, and spatial orientation through visual stimuli. An 18-week training program was implemented between the initial and final evaluation, emphasizing integrating basketball-specific technical and physical exercises using Fitlight technology. The subjects' sample consists of an experimental and control group with identical numbers of participants in both the U14 (18 subjects) and U16 (17 subjects) categories. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. The results indicate significant improvements with <i>p</i> < .05, Cohen's d parameters with very high effect sizes (d > 1), in reaction times and spatial orientation for the experimental groups, highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating modern equipment in the sports training program. Analyzing the results of the experimental groups, we find that the most relevant age for the reactive development of spatial orientation with the help of Fitlight technologies implemented in the training process is U14, while the most relevant age for the reactive time of the lower limbs is U16. The study's results highlight the experimental program's positive impact in improving reactive reaction time in the lower limbs and spatial orientation of junior basketball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1392-1417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of research domain criteria-based behaviors following single prolonged stress in male C57BL/6J mice.","authors":"Krysten P O'Hara, Savanna M King, Rachel D Penrod, Jennifer A Rinker, Patrick J Mulholland","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2538466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2025.2538466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately one in 11 people throughout their lifetime yet current treatment options, such as behavioral therapies or pharmaceuticals, suffer from low medical adherence and often fail to fully address all the symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand maladaptive behaviors in PTSD to guide new treatments. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is a rodent model of stress that parallels certain human neurophysiological and neurobehavioral changes occurring in PTSD. SPS is a single-day sequential stressor exposure-restraint stress, group forced swim, predator odor exposure, and isoflurane until loss of consciousness-followed by 7 days of stress incubation. Here, we investigated multiple cohorts of male C57BL/6J mice early after SPS and stress incubation (8-10 days) on behavioral tasks (elevated plus maze (EPM), three-chamber sociability, cost-benefit conflict (CBC), home cage behavior, scent avoidance and defensive burying tasks) that test multiple PTSD-related symptoms. Behavioral assessment included efforts to replicate published findings (i.e., EPM) and introducing newer tasks (i.e., CBC) that have not yet been tested in the SPS mouse model. While most of these tasks and standardized metrics failed to capture behavioral differences in SPS-treated male C57BL/6J mice, we did observe deficits in social novelty preference in the stressed mice. These studies add to a growing literature on inconsistencies in behavioral outcomes produced by the mouse SPS paradigm that could be potentially explained by mouse strain or procedural differences. Overall, this study demonstrated that behavior in male C57BL/6J mice were not affected after SPS apart from social novelty preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"28 1","pages":"2538466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}