心理学最新文献

{"title":"Effects of oxotremorine on convulsions in mice induced by scopolamine and food intake after fasting.","authors":"Berna Midilli, Asiye Nurten, Başak Gürtekin, Nurhan Enginar","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimuscarinic administration and food intake cause convulsions in mice and rats after fasting for 48 h or less. Increased M₁ and M₂ muscarinic receptor expression in brain regions during fasting, and reversal of changes by refeeding may contribute to these seizures. Since receptor expression is regulated in response to agonist stimulation, this study investigated effects of nonselective muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine on convulsions in fasted animals. Mice deprived of food for 24 h were given oxotremorine during (0.1 mg/kg, twice daily, s.c.) or after (0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) fasting. Fasted animals were treated with saline or scopolamine (i.p.) and observed for 30 min for the convulsions after being allowed to eat ad libitum. Oxotremorine administration during fasting produced no significant effect on convulsion development. Incidence and onset of convulsions, and seizure stages were indifferent between the scopolamine and oxotremorine - scopolamine groups. However, oxotremorine (0.1 mg/kg) administration after fasting reduced incidence of convulsions. Resulting from an agonist-antagonist interaction at M₁ and/or M₂ muscarinic receptors, oxotremorine administered after fasting exhibited an anticonvulsant activity. Oxotremorine administration during fasting was expected to suppress seizure development via inhibition of receptor expression. Results did not confirm this expectation and suggested that muscarinic receptor expression was either not affected or not related to the convulsions. Food intake after fasting, and food deprivation have been shown to induce cholinergic hyperexcitability. Although contrary to our hypothesis, future research may investigate whether increased expression of muscarinic receptors mediate or contribute to an increase in cholinergic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the shared genetic architecture between anxiety and stroke.","authors":"Yichen Zhang, Yong'An Jiang, Hengyi Fan, Raorao Yuan, Jianhui Cai, Bo Zhong, Qian Qin, Zile Zhang, Yan Zhang, Shiqi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An epidemiological association between anxiety and stroke is well-established; however, the role of shared genetic factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the shared genetic architecture between anxiety and stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using public genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of anxiety and stroke, we performed linkage disequilibrium score regression and super genetic covariance analyzer for global and local genetic correlation studies. Risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified through genome-wide association meta-analysis, multi-trait analysis of GWAS and PLINK, followed by functional mapping and annotation. Additionally, we conducted transcriptome-wide association studies to explore the relationship between genes and associated disease risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed a significant genome-wide genetic correlation between anxiety and stroke. We also identified one previously unreported significant SNP (rs62099231), one risk loci, as well as identified three shared risk genes for anxiety and stroke (WDR6, CCDC71, NCKIPSD).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated a shared genetic structure between anxiety and stroke, enhancing our understanding of their pathogenesis and highlighting potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial protective properties exerted by JM-20 in a dementia model induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin in mice.","authors":"Maylin Wong-Guerra, Yanay Montano-Peguero, Daniela Hernández-Enseñat, Jeney Ramírez-Sánchez, Abel Mondelo-Rodríguez, Alejandro Saúl Padrón-Yaquis, Enrique García-Alfonso, Luis Arturo Fonseca-Fonseca, Yanier Nuñez-Figueredo","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitochondrial dysfunction and brain insulin resistance have been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Streptozotocin (STZ) is commonly employed to disrupt glucose and insulin metabolism, even causing cognitive impairment in animal models. We aimed at studying the protective effect of JM-20 on STZ-induced memory impairment and brain mitochondrial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57Bl6 mice received 3 mg/kg STZ intracerebroventricularly and JM-20 (0.25 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg) was administered daily by gastric gavage. Episodic memory was evaluated through Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze. Endogenous antioxidant systems (catalase and superoxide dismutase activities), total sulfhydryl groups, malondialdehyde levels were also studied and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were assessed in the prefrontal cortex (PC) and hippocampus (HO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>demonstrated that STZ injection impaired recognition and spatial learning and memory and oxygen flow in all mitochondrial respiration states. Additionally, STZ increased AChE, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in the PC but not in HO tissue. A neuroprotective effect of JM-20 on STZ-induced memory decline, and mitochondrial dysfunction was observed, suggesting an important causal interaction. In addition, JM-20 was able to decreased AChE enzyme hyperactivity, rescued endogenous antioxidant systems, and prevented histologically observed neuronal damage CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that JM-20 protects against STZ-induced impairment in brain bioenergetic metabolism and memory, confirming its potential as a candidate for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction like AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily association between parent-adolescent emotion contagion: The role of parent-adolescent connectedness.","authors":"Shou-Chun Chiang","doi":"10.1111/jora.13038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.13038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion contagion between parents and adolescents is crucial for understanding adolescents' emotional experiences. However, little is known about how emotion contagion unfolds in daily life and the unique contributions of parent-adolescent relationships. This study examines the associations between parent and adolescent positive and negative emotions, and the moderating role of daily parent-adolescent connectedness. Participants were 191 Taiwanese adolescents (M_age = 12.93; SD_age = 0.75; 53% female) and their parents who completed 10-day diary reports of emotions and parent-adolescent connectedness. Results indicate that higher daily parent negative emotions were associated with more adolescent negative emotions, and higher average parent negative emotions were associated with greater average negative emotions and fewer positive emotions in adolescents. Similar bidirectional effects were also found in adolescent-to-parent emotion contagion. Moreover, on days when connectedness was high, parent negative emotions were not associated with adolescent negative emotions but were related to increased positive emotions. Parent positive emotions were related to more positive emotions and fewer negative emotions when connectedness was low. The findings provide important insights into daily parent-adolescent emotion contagion and highlight parent-adolescent connectedness as a modifying factor in shaping dyadic emotional processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":"e13038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hello, is it me you're Stopping for? The Effect of external Human Machine Interface Familiarity on Pedestrians' Crossing Behaviour in an Ambiguous Situation.","authors":"Yee Mun Lee, Vladislav Sidorov, Ruth Madigan, Jorge Garcia de Pedro, Gustav Markkula, Natasha Merat","doi":"10.1177/00187208241272070","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241272070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated how different deceleration intentions (i.e. an automated vehicle either decelerated for leading traffic or yielded for pedestrians) and a novel (Slow Pulsing Light Band - SPLB) or familiar (Flashing Headlights - FH) external Human Machine Interface (eHMI) informed pedestrians' crossing behaviour.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of SAE Level 4 Automated Vehicles (AVs) has recently fuelled interest in new forms of explicit communication via eHMIs, to improve the interaction between AVs and surrounding road users. Before implementing these eHMIs, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians use them to inform their crossing decisions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty participants took part in the study using a Head-Mounted Display. The independent variables were deceleration intentions and eHMI design. The percentage of crossings, collision frequency and crossing initiation time across trials were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pedestrians were able to identify the intentions of a decelerating vehicle, using implicit cues, with more crossings made when the approaching vehicles were yielding to them. They were also more likely to cross when a familiar eHMI was presented, compared to a novel one or no eHMI, regardless of the vehicle's intention. Finally, participants learned to take a more cautious approach as trials progressed, and not to base their decisions solely on the eHMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A familiar eHMI led to early crossings regardless of the vehicle's intention but also led to a higher collision frequency than a novel eHMI.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>To achieve safe and acceptable interactions with AVs, it is important to provide eHMIs that are congruent with road users' expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"264-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural hyperscanning in caregiver-child dyads: A paradigm for studying the long-term effects of facilitated vs. disrupted attention on working memory and executive functioning in young children.","authors":"Maya L Rosen, Annabelle Li, Catherine A Mikkelsen, Richard N Aslin","doi":"10.1016/j.dr.2024.101170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dr.2024.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parent-child interactions shape children's cognitive outcomes such that caregivers can guide attention and facilitate learning opportunities. These interactions provide infants and toddlers with rich, naturalistic experiences that engage complex cognitive functions and lay the groundwork for the development of mature executive functions. Although most caregivers seek to engage children optimally, they can unintentionally impede this developmental process by being under-engaged or intrusive. When caregivers are under engaged, children do not have the proper scaffolding to know what to attend to in a complex environment. When parents are intrusive, they inadvertently disrupt the child's attention and direct learning to information that the parent deems important, but the child may find uninteresting or irrelevant. This disruption can impede the learning process even if the child's behavior does not appear to be negatively affected during the unfolding parent-child interaction. Understanding the moment-to-moment neural basis of these processes is critical to uncover the role that caregivers play in the development of attention and learning, which in turn impacts the development of working memory and executive function. Simultaneous brain recording, called hyperscanning, is a burgeoning method that measures brain synchrony across parent-child dyads when engaged in a shared task. In this opinion piece, we first review existing literature that highlights the important role caregivers play in guiding attention and learning in infants and toddlers and how these interactions contribute to the development of working memory and executive function in young children. Next, we review the existing literature using hyperscanning and dual eye tracking paradigms to uncover the patterning of interactions when caregivers guide attention in a manner that either matches the expectations of the child or over- or under-directs the child's attention. We provide best-practices for employing hyperscanning techniques to uncover how caregivers optimally engage infant and toddlers' attention in the moment, and how children's developing memory of these patterns of interaction build their executive function abilities, both with their caregivers and with other adults and children.</p>","PeriodicalId":48214,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Review","volume":"75 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's not what you say it's what you do: School diversity ideologies and adolescent mental health and academic engagement.","authors":"Jane Leer, Sarah E Gaither, Anna Gassman-Pines","doi":"10.1111/jora.12998","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.12998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relation between schools' color-evasive versus multicultural diversity ideologies, school characteristics, and adolescent development. Across two datasets linking individual-level survey data (N = 1692) and administrative records (N = 300,063; M_age = 12.4, 52% female, 48% male), schools' stated support for diversity (via a pro-diversity mission statement) was related to adolescent mental health and academic achievement, but in nuanced ways depending on individual racial/ethnic backgrounds, the racial/ethnic diversity of the student body and teachers, and the extent of racial disparities in discipline and gifted education. Findings suggest that communicating support for diversity without redressing systemic inequities in school discipline and academic tracking will not reduce racism-related achievement gaps and may instead exacerbate mental health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":"e12998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence that altercentric biases in a continuous false belief task depend on highlighting the agent's belief.","authors":"Marie Luise Speiger, Katrin Rothmaler, Ulf Liszkowski, Hannes Rakoczy, Charlotte Grosse Wiesmann","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As social beings, we excel at understanding what other people think or believe. We even seem to be influenced by the belief of others in situations where it is irrelevant to our current tasks. Such altercentric interference has been proposed to reflect implicit belief processing. However, in which situations altercentric interference occurs and to what extent it is automatic or dependent on the relevance of the belief in context are open questions. To investigate this, we developed a novel task testing whether participants show an altercentric bias when searching for an object in a continuous search space (a 'sandbox'). Critically, another agent is present that holds either a true or a false belief about the object location, depending on condition. We predicted that participants' search for the object would deviate from its actual location in direction of where the agent believed the object to be. Further, we tested how this altercentric bias would interact with an explicit belief reasoning version of the task, where participants are asked where the agent would look for the object. In two large, preregistered studies (N = 113 and N = 157), we found evidence for an altercentric bias in participants' object search. Importantly, this bias was only present in participants who conducted the explicit before the implicit task and started the experiment with the false belief condition. These findings indicate that altercentric biases depend on the relevance of the other's belief in the context of the task, suggesting that spontaneous belief processing is not automatic but context dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"256 ","pages":"106055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do children match described probabilities? The sampling hypothesis applied to repeated risky choice.","authors":"Anna I Thoma, Christin Schulze","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One way in which children can learn about probabilities of different outcomes before making a decision is from description, for instance, by observing graphical representations of frequency distributions. But how do repeated risky choices develop in early childhood when outcome probabilities are learned from description? Integrating previous findings from children's sampling processes in causal learning and adults' repeated choice behavior, we investigated repeated choices from 201 children aged 3 to 7 years and 100 adults in a child-friendly risky choice task. We expected young children to probability match and predicted that the perceived dependency between choices would shape the underlying choice process. However, the assumed cognitive processes derived from the causal learning and risky choice literature did not generalize to children's or adults' repeated risky choices when outcome probabilities were learned from graphical representations prior to making a decision. Moreover, choice behavior did not differ as a function of the perceived dependency between guesses. Instead, children broadly diversified choices, and switching between options dominated older children's choice behavior. Our results contribute to increasing evidence of childhood as a phase for heightened exploration and highlight the importance of considering the learning format when studying repeated choice across development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":"251 ","pages":"106126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling depressive symptom networks: A three-year longitudinal study among Chinese junior high school adolescents.","authors":"Yue Zhao, Kaixin Liang, Diyang Qu, Yunhan He, Yizhen Ren, Xinli Chi","doi":"10.1111/jora.13040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jora.13040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is the peak period for the occurrence of mental health issues, particularly in the stage of junior high school. Depressive symptoms are among the most frequently experienced psychological problems. However, little is known about the symptom-level interaction features of depressive symptoms and the roles of different symptoms across the junior high school stage. To address these gaps, this study conducted a three-year longitudinal study that recruited 1301 Chinese junior high school adolescents (48.2% females; mean age = 12.46 ± 0.62, ranging from 11 to 14 in the first year). The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. The regularized partial correlation network and the cross-lagged panel network models were used to explore the symptom-level interaction pattern. In regularized partial correlation networks, \"I felt depressed\" was a stable central symptom throughout the junior high school stage. Besides, \"I felt lonely\" and \"I felt that people disliked me\" were the other central symptoms in grade 7 and grade 8, and \"I felt everything I did was an effort\" played a central role in grade 9. Within cross-lagged panel networks, \"I felt that people disliked me\" and \"I felt hopeless about the future\" had important effects on predicting other depressive symptoms from grade 7 to 8 and from grade 8 to 9. By investigating the longitudinal interaction patterns of depressive symptoms among junior high school adolescents, the current study identifies core symptoms that could be potential prevention or intervention targets and provides a novel insight for understanding depressive symptoms during adolescence in depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":17026,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research on Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":"e13040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}