心理学最新文献

{"title":"Judged by humans, comforted by machines: How psychological expectations shape experiences and perceptions of AI support.","authors":"Roshni Raveendhran, Trevor A Foulk","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000494","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People frequently encounter minor aversive experiences-such as rude interactions or social slights-that, while not major events, can still affect psychological well-being. In this research, we examine how people experience and perceive social support from artificial intelligence (AI) following such experiences. Drawing on mind perception theory, we propose that initial expectations about AI's experiential capacity relative to humans shape how people experience and perceive AI support. A pilot study demonstrates that people have different initial expectations of AI's versus humans' experiential capacity. Across six studies (five preregistered; total <i>N</i> = 3,341), we found that these initial expectations produce two distinct effects: People report lower fear of negative evaluation after receiving support from AI versus a human, which in turn improves well-being outcomes (Studies 1-3), and people perceive AI as exceeding their expectations for empathy, which in turn drives perceived support effectiveness (Studies 4-6). These effects emerged across controlled simulations and real interactions with actual human and AI support givers. Together, these findings reveal that initial psychological expectations about AI's experiential capacity play a central role in shaping the experience and perception of AI support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"770-789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Yeah, it's biased, but … \": Recognition versus moral condemnation of bias across party lines.","authors":"Hannah B Waldfogel, Brittany C Solomon, Matthew E K Hall","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000492","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amid rising political polarization, derogatory rhetoric targeting social groups has become common and highly contested across party lines. These partisan divides are often attributed to disagreement about whether bias has occurred, and theories of social norms, harm-based moral judgment, and cognitive consistency suggest that recognizing bias should track moral condemnation. Yet other theories suggest that recognition and condemnation are psychologically distinct. We propose that, even when partisans similarly recognize explicit bias (\"yeah, it's biased\"), they may diverge in moral response (\"but …\")-depending on the target's advantaged or disadvantaged status. Across six prestudies (<i>N</i> = 1,197), eight preregistered experiments (<i>N</i> = 7,145), and 16 supplemental studies, including two preregistered experiments (<i>N</i> = 1,029), we examined this \"yeah, but\" phenomenon. For speech that partisans equivalently recognized as biased based on race and gender, Democrats condemned bias against disadvantaged targets more than Republicans; Republicans condemned bias against advantaged targets more than Democrats-patterns that extended to endorsing sanctions (Study 1). Partisans invoked the same justifications-invulnerability to harm and honesty-but selectively so, depending on the target (Study 2). These patterns emerged for biases based on socioeconomic status and religion (Studies 3-4), behaviors (Study 5), and partisanship (which lacks a stable status hierarchy; Study 6). However, a status-juxtaposition intervention (judging bias against both advantaged and disadvantaged groups) narrowed Democrats' within-party asymmetry (Studies 7a-b). By disentangling bias <i>recognition</i> from bias <i>condemnation,</i> we show that moral polarization may persist even when Democrats and Republicans both \"see\" bias and invoke the same moral concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"790-812"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing dyslexia in adults: what is going wrong and how can we fix it?","authors":"Julian G Elliott, Johny Daniel","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2665373","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2665373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines how the concept of dyslexia, a problem that was once considered to be both rare and highly salient, has now been broadened to such an extent that many adults with successful educational histories, and without any history of significant reading difficulty, receive a dyslexia diagnosis only after having progressed to higher education, training, or employment. It is argued that the basis of the problem lies largely in conceptual and scientific misunderstandings. While there is a wide consensus that dyslexia represents a severe, complex, and persistent difficulty in learning to decode text, many have placed undue emphasis upon a wide variety of cognitive processes as diagnostic indicators. The primary error stems from conflating the greater likelihood of finding such difficulties in groups of struggling readers with the belief that these can be adjudged to be markers of dyslexia in the case of a given individual. This misconception has been exacerbated by a growing emphasis upon self-reported difficulties and the use of lived experience as primary means of understanding the nature of the condition. The dangers that result for scientific advance and for evidence-led educational policy and practice are highlighted. It is contended that the expansion of the dyslexia construct, and the misuse of assessment data, particularly when employed with adults, has in part been fueled, not by scientific research, but by the misunderstandings, interests, and motivations of those receiving and providing diagnostic services. Illustrative examples from the domains of adult higher education, medical training, and employment tribunals are offered as illustration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"922-942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between birth-related stressors, social reward responsiveness, and postpartum internalizing symptoms.","authors":"Emilia F Cárdenas, Maya Jackson, Julia Garon-Bissonnette, Kate L Harkness, Kathryn L Humphreys, Autumn Kujawa","doi":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2620592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10615806.2026.2620592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Birth-related stressors and reward processing are associated with postpartum internalizing symptoms. We examined main effects and interactions of reward processing and birth-related stressors on postpartum internalizing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women (<i>n</i> = 95) completed the Birth Experience Interview and questionnaires at 8-weeks postpartum. In addition, while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected, participants completed a Social Incentive Delay task to measure neural responses to feedback indicating a correct response and receipt of a social reward (photo of own infant) vs. feedback indicating an incorrect response and neutral outcome. EEG analyses focused on reward positivity (RewP) to reward feedback, adjusting for responses to neutral feedback. Participants completed questionnaires on depressive, anxiety, and traumatic intrusion symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater birth-related severity and violations of expectations during childbirth were associated with more traumatic intrusion symptoms, but not depressive or anxiety symptoms. Surprisingly, an <i>enhanced</i> social RewP was associated with greater depression and anxiety symptoms. Social RewP moderated associations between birth experiences and postpartum traumatic intrusions; greater violation of expectations was associated with greater traumatic intrusions for those with relatively larger social RewP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the utility of using dimensions of birth-related stressors as well as ERPs for measuring individual differences in reward processing relevant to postpartum internalizing symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51415,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety Stress and Coping","volume":" ","pages":"701-715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday executive functions in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Data from nine institutions.","authors":"Xiaoli Zong, Dan Liu, Xian Wu, Pamela L Wolters, Jonathan M Payne, Bonita P Klein-Tasman, Karin S Walsh, Jennifer Janusz, Natalie Pride, Stephanie M Morris, Carrie E Bearden, Peter L Stavinoha, Yang Hou","doi":"10.1037/neu0001087","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive function (EF) difficulties are prevalent in neurogenetic syndromes such as Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), the most common autosomal dominant condition associated with nervous system tumors. However, age-related differences in EF problems in children with NF1 remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine how EF problems in daily life vary across ages throughout childhood and adolescence and how these age patterns vary across demographic and NF1 disease-related characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study integrated data of 1,294 observations from 1,025 children with NF1 (<i>M</i>_age = 9.77 years, <i>SD</i> = 4.06, range = 3-18) from nine institutions in the United States and Australia. EF was reported by parents using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Time-varying effect modeling was used to estimate curvilinear EF trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with NF1 demonstrated elevated EF problems compared to the normative mean from early childhood through late adolescence, with deviations generally largest from midchildhood through midadolescence. At ages showing the greatest deviations from the normative mean, medium to large EF gaps were observed across five core domains (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.73-1.42). The exact age patterns varied across EF domains and by children's sex, parental education, and NF1 inheritance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leveraging the largest EF data set of children with NF1 to date, this study precisely estimated EF problems across developmental periods and highlighted the heterogeneity in EF age patterns. These age-specific estimates are crucial for establishing EF developmental norms that guide clinical practice and patient management strategies. The findings can inform the design of individualized intervention and prevention strategies tailored to various developmental periods and diverse demographic and disease-related characteristics for children with NF1. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"812-823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thematic analysis of parent-child conversations about gender nonconformity.","authors":"Anne E Riggs, Charlotte Curry, Alice Curtis","doi":"10.1037/dev0002180","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender-nonconforming (GNC) youth challenge the cultural assumption of the gender binary and are at risk for social rejection and negative appraisals from their peers. Parent-child conversations are a critical socialization context in which gender-related attitudes are formed. How do parents discuss gender nonconformity with their children, and what tactics do they use to support or challenge children's attitudes toward their GNC peers? To address this question, we employed a thematic analysis of conversations between a relatively homogenous sample of 30 dyads of parents (83% mothers; predominantly upper middle class and moderately liberal) and children (87% White, 18 girls, child <i>M</i>_age = 7.2 years, <i>SD</i> = 9.4 months) living in a progressive city in the United States. We asked dyads to discuss vignettes of GNC exemplars engaged in a variety of activities. Our analysis revealed four themes of conversational content and strategies used during the task, each of which represented varying levels of knowledge and experience with gender nonconformity. These themes included the following: conversations centered around the gender binary, including use of gender stereotypes and negative reactions to the exemplars; emphasizing the individual psychological motivations of exemplars and expressing gender-egalitarian attitudes; scaffolding children's perspective-taking through personalized examples and rhetorical questions; and acknowledging the reality of gender norms in the social world and deeply discussing the meaning of gender identity. Together these findings provide important insight into parents' role in socializing children's understanding of gender nonconformity and suggest pathways for facilitating inclusive attitudes toward GNC youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2187-2199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond support: Revisiting Joan M. Erikson's contributions to Erik H. Erikson's theoretical work.","authors":"Haiqun Niu","doi":"10.1037/hop0000306","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although Erik H. Erikson himself and some scholars have acknowledged the significant contributions of his wife, Joan M. Erikson, to psychological theory, her specific role in shaping this framework has remained insufficiently examined. Drawing on an analysis of Joan's educational background, her shared life with Erik, and the affective and intellectual interdependence between them, this study suggests that Joan was not merely a supporter but a collaborator who was deeply involved in conceptual construction, structural refinement, textual revision, and the publication process of the theory. In particular, her involvement in discussions surrounding the concept of basic trust, the establishment of the \"generativity\" stage, and her systematic articulation of the ninth stage in later life represent important moments in the historical development of life cycle theory. This study further suggests that Joan's scholarly labor was not entirely invisible but rather was rendered partially visible and simultaneously marginalized within dominant academic narratives. Revisiting Joan's role in the construction and development of the theory helps restore the actual collaborative conditions of theoretical production rather than diminish Erik's scholarly achievements. This case highlights the value of attending to collaboration, intimacy, and the division of intellectual labor in accounts of knowledge production within psychoanalysis, developmental psychology, and the history of science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"260-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling cooperation: Gendered parenting and its impact on children's reciprocal actions.","authors":"Avi Benozio","doi":"10.1037/dev0002161","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reciprocity emerges early in development, yet its bidirectional dynamics within parent-child dyads remain underexplored. Here, we examined how children's presence and gender shape parents' reciprocal behavior toward third parties, and in turn, how parental modeling shapes their 4-year olds' reciprocal responses toward others. In a two-phase experiment, 179 Israeli parents (<i>M</i>_age = 38, <i>SD</i> = 5.6) interacted with an adult partner who behaved either cooperatively or selfishly, and in the presence or absence of their child (son or daughter). Subsequently, 174 children (<i>M</i>_age = 4.58, <i>SD</i> = 0.78) responded to a peer partner's similar actions. Parents reciprocated cooperation at high rates regardless of their child's presence or gender (87%), but reciprocated selfishness more with sons present (72%) than with daughters (45%). In turn, children reciprocated selfishness at high rates regardless of their parent's behavior (92%), but aligned with their parent's behavior when interacting with cooperative partners. Together, the findings highlight the context and gender specificity of reciprocity among parents and children: Parents retaliate in kind more when accompanied by sons, whereas children align with their parents only when facing cooperative partners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2295-2306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Cultures in Trauma Work: The Adaptation and Validation of the Vicarious Resilience Scale in the Context of Gender-Based Violence in China.","authors":"Ge Xu, Nicole L Johnson","doi":"10.1177/08862605251365661","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605251365661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to adapt and validate the Vicarious Resilience Scale (VRS) for Chinese helping professionals working with survivors of gender-based violence (GBV), which addressed a critical gap in the literature on positive psychosocial impacts of trauma work, particularly in China. The VRS was translated and back-translated by a translation committee, following the guidelines by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Pilot testing was conducted to ensure content clarity and equivalence. A convenience and snowball sampling approach recruited 67 helping professionals over approximately 6 months, including mental health counselors, social workers, and other service providers, such as medical and legal professionals. Approximately half of the sample was identified as queer (gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual). An exploratory factor analysis revealed a seven-factor structure of the Chinese VRS, which partially aligns with the original scale while reflecting culturally specific differences. Four items were removed due to poor factor loadings and cross-loadings. The adapted scale demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, and satisfactory convergent validity with related constructs, including compassion, satisfaction, and burnout. However, no significant correlation was found between secondary traumatic stress and self-compassion. These findings suggest that vicarious resilience can be conceptualized in ways that are both universal and culturally specific across diverse contexts. For example, among Chinese helping professionals, most of whom are non-religious and navigate power within a distinct sociopolitical context, the meanings of self-care and social-location awareness may diverge from Western norms. This study marks the first step toward a culturally attuned tool that helps Chinese helping professionals, agencies, supervisors, and researchers open structured conversations about resilience and tailor supports, such as intentional self-care, peer groups, and hope-focused supervision, to sustain GBV practitioners. By pinpointing which factors bolster vicarious resilience, the scale can also guide educator curricula and inform policy decisions on funding, protected time, and targeted resources to safeguard this workforce's well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862-8886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I Get Knocked Down but I Get Up Again: Autonomous Motivation Sustains Identification and Collective Action After (Specific) Failure.","authors":"Lisette Yip, Emma F Thomas, Catherine Amiot, Léïla Eisner, Morgana Lizzio-Wilson, Winnifred R Louis, Craig McGarty, Fathali Moghaddam","doi":"10.1177/01461672251381184","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672251381184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Movements often experience setbacks while striving to achieve (or prevent) social change. We examined whether autonomous motivation-which captures supporters' internalized commitment to a cause-would sustain identification with the movement and collective action after experiencing failure (vs. success) outcomes following the marriage equality vote in Australia (Study 1; <i>N</i> = 186), and an experimental induction of movement failure (Study 2; <i>N</i> = 137). Autonomous motivation positively predicted identification and collective action, but there was no evidence of moderation by outcome. In Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 377), we experimentally manipulated outcomes (success/failure) and framing (specific/broad) of the climate action movement. We found evidence of a three-way interaction such that the effects of autonomous motivation on identification were strongest after a specific campaign failure. We conclude that autonomous motivation can help to buffer the demotivating effects of a specific failure as well as sustaining identification and commitment to action broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"3581-3597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}