Sakir Yilmaz, Anna Hancox, Molly Price, Jemma Regan, Barney Dunn, Heather O'Mahen, Kim Wright
{"title":"Patient experiences of behavioural therapy for bipolar depression: A qualitative study.","authors":"Sakir Yilmaz, Anna Hancox, Molly Price, Jemma Regan, Barney Dunn, Heather O'Mahen, Kim Wright","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although multiple qualitative studies have explored participants' experiences of behavioural activation (BA) for unipolar depression, none have investigated the experiences of BA in people with bipolar depression. This is of particular interest because qualitative studies concerning the experience of receiving therapy can help inform the theory of change underpinning the intervention.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and perspectives of individuals with bipolar disorder who received a course of one-to-one BA for bipolar depression. We sought to explore participants' experience of the effects of BA therapy, both proximally and distally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine individuals meeting research diagnostic criteria for bipolar I or II disorder who had received up to 20 sessions of BA adapted for bipolar depression. Thematic analysis using a framework approach was used to explore and describe the experiences of participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' perspectives on the impact of therapy were categorized under four subthemes: client behaviour inside and outside sessions, changes in clients' perspectives, the impact on symptoms and impact on life and functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants' accounts of the impact of therapy were broadly consistent with the theory underpinning a behavioural approach. Participants described a central role for perspective change, and particularly increased acceptance of the self and mood states, as facilitating behavioural changes and more distal benefits. Process evaluations embedded in future trials may include quantitative measures of key processes described by our participants, as well as those clearly implied by the behavioural theory of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"553-568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Brooks, Jessica Glynn, Hannah Fawcett, Aminah Barnes, Rachael Carew, David Errickson, Maria Livanou
{"title":"Trauma in the courtroom: The role of prior trauma exposure and mental health on stress and emotional responses in jurors.","authors":"Matthew Brooks, Jessica Glynn, Hannah Fawcett, Aminah Barnes, Rachael Carew, David Errickson, Maria Livanou","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12522","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prior research indicates that jury duty can be distressing for some jurors. This study examined: (1) the influence of prior trauma characteristics (type, exposure, time since trauma), medical fear and mental health difficulties on stress and emotional responses during a mock trial and 1 week later; and (2) associations between early stress reactions during a trial on subsequent stress and emotional reactivity after exposure to skeletal evidence and 1 week later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mock jurors (n = 180) completed baseline self-report mental health measures, read a summary of a murder case and were then exposed to graphic skeletal evidence. Stress and/or emotional responses were collected at baseline, after reading the case summary, before and after viewing the skeletal evidence and 7 days post-trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported a wide range of prior traumatic experiences, with nearly half reporting pre-existing mental health difficulties. Average traumatic stress symptoms tripled from baseline to follow-up, with 44% of participants meeting PTSD-type criteria 7 days later. Medical fear and mental health difficulties were positively associated with some stress and/or emotional responses throughout the trial, with mixed findings concerning trauma characteristics, stress and emotional reactivity. Initial stress and emotional responses to case evidence were linked to later stress and emotional reactions, after accounting for pre-existing trauma and mental health characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Past trauma experiences, mental health difficulties and immediate stress responses during a trial can exacerbate emotional and stress reactions. Addressing the psychological impacts of pre-existing trauma symptoms could improve juror well-being during this important civic duty.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"603-622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intolerance of uncertainty causally affects indecisiveness.","authors":"Helmut Appel, Alexander L Gerlach","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12534","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is characterized by a pervasive negative reaction to uncertainty. It is a transdiagnostic risk factor for various mental disorders. Since decisions often need to be made in the face of uncertainty, IU is associated with indecisiveness, a dispositional difficulty in making decisions. Indecisiveness is also linked to a range of mental disorders. While IU is seen as a causal factor in indecisiveness, experimental studies on this assumption are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this pre-registered, adequately powered study (N = 301), IU was experimentally increased or decreased compared to a control group, and the effect on indecisiveness was observed. Indecisiveness was assessed in a situational context, focusing on two decisions that were personally relevant to participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The manipulation successfully affected IU. As predicted, increased IU led to more indecisiveness across both decisions compared to decreased IU. Exploratory analyses found that situational IU mediated the effect of the experimental manipulation on indecisiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results are the first to demonstrate a causal effect of IU on indecisiveness, thus contributing to the explanation of indecisiveness and the role that uncertainty management plays in it. Moreover, they have implications for treating various mental disorders by highlighting the role of IU in the transdiagnostic phenomenon of indecisiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"806-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anas R Alashram, Qusai Janada, Tamara Ghrear, Giuseppe Annino
{"title":"Role of music therapy in improving cognitive function post-traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.","authors":"Anas R Alashram, Qusai Janada, Tamara Ghrear, Giuseppe Annino","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2228951","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2228951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive deficits are one of the most prevalent impairments in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Music therapy has the potential to be a valuable intervention for improving cognitive function. This review aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy on cognitive function in patients with TBI. Scopus, PubMed, REHABDATA, PEDro, EMBASE, and web of science were searched for experimental trials examining the impacts of music therapy on cognition in patients with TBI from inception until December 2022. Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 122 patients with TBI were included in this review, 32% of whom were females. The PEDro scores ranged from four to seven, with a median of five. The findings showed that music therapy could be effective in improving executive function post-TBI, with limited evidence for the effects on memory and attention. Music therapy might be safe in patients with TBI. The evidence for the effect of music therapy on executive function in patients with TBI is promising. Further studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are strongly needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1486-1495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andria L Doyle, Kevin T Larkin, J Nicole Siegwarth
{"title":"Cardiovascular Responses to Interpersonal Interactions: Sex, Gender Role, and Gender Role Relevance of the Task.","authors":"Andria L Doyle, Kevin T Larkin, J Nicole Siegwarth","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09693-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09693-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Men and women have been shown to exhibit different patterns of cardiovascular response to stress, with men commonly exhibiting greater blood pressure reactions than women and women exhibiting greater heart rate (HR) reactions than men. To examine whether this observed difference between sexes is influenced by one's gender role as well as gender role-related task characteristics, 48 young men and 48 young women were selected to complete an interpersonal interaction in two-person dyads, with traditional masculine men paired with traditional feminine women and androgynous men paired with androgynous women. Two aspects of the interpersonal interaction were manipulated: Agency (degree of challenge; High versus Low) and Communion (degree of agreement; Agree versus Disagree). HR and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured during a resting, preparation, and interaction period. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing state anger and task appraisals. Results from a dyadic linear mixed model analysis revealed that traditional feminine women exhibited significantly higher HR during the interaction than traditional men, especially during the listening phases of the task. Participants with traditional gender roles exhibited higher SBP reactions to the listening phases of the task than participants with androgynous gender roles regardless of their sex. No effects for gender-relevant task characteristics were observed. The results of this study suggest that the gender role of participants is important to consider when designing studies exploring sex differences in response to interpersonal challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":"441-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving Estimates of Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contractions: Exploring the Utility of Feedback Manipulations.","authors":"J Logan Gibson, Manish Vaidya","doi":"10.1007/s10484-025-09698-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10484-025-09698-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), often resulting from weakened pelvic floor muscles (PFM), significantly impacts quality of life and increases health risks, particularly among the elderly. Strengthening PFMs through exercise is effective, yet invasive treatment protocols deter adherence. Non-invasive surface electromyography (sEMG) provides a promising alternative for assessing PFM strength. This study evaluates a reinforcement-based strategy (R-MVIC) against standard verbal encouragement (SVE) for estimating the maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVIC) of PFMs. Using a single-case reversal design (ABAB), we compared peak amplitudes across experimental and control conditions. All experimental sessions occurred in a small examination room at a major University. Using an (AB)<sup>k</sup> single-case research design power analysis to determine our N, we recruited ten participants who performed isolated PFM contractions. The R-MVIC condition involved pre-training, task-specific instructions, criterion-based feedback, and an extinction burst manipulation. To determine the strength of muscle contraction, we used sEMG, placed over the transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO) site, to measure muscle activity in microvolts (mV). Results indicated R-MVIC produced significantly higher peak amplitudes compared to SVE, with a mean difference of 746 mV, representing a 52% increase. The R-MVIC condition consistently evoked stronger contractions, demonstrating the efficacy of feedback and extinction bursts in enhancing MVIC estimates. These findings suggest that R-MVIC is a valuable strategy for improving estimates of PFM strength. Overall, the results suggest that sEMG-based biofeedback provides a non-invasive technology for improving treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":47506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback","volume":" ","pages":"481-490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Everyday Spatial Behavioral Questionnaire 11 Component Model.","authors":"Mark Y Czarnolewski","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2267711","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2267711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work builds on prior research to develop the Everyday Spatial Behavioral Questionnaire (ESBQ or EBQ), a measure of self-reported difficulty in performing familiar activities that involve spatial thinking. A principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to identify reliable categories of everyday spatial behaviors. A test of measurement invariance was employed across two independent samples of college students to validate an 11-Component Model as a representation of the ESBQ. The model met criteria necessary to represent a strong model in terms of the ESBQ having the same structure and meaning in both samples. Both samples had eight of the 11 sub-scales with Cronbach alphas greater than .7, while for five of these eight sub-scales Cronbach alphas were greater than .8. Alphas were lower in the second sample than the first. The scales require construct and criterion-related validity assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1334-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan H Field, Emma Balkind, Kaitlyn Burnell, Kara A Fox, Mallory J Feldman, Elizabeth A Nick, Eva H Telzer, Kristen A Lindquist, Mitchell J Prinstein
{"title":"Popularity, but not likability, as a risk factor for low empathy: A longitudinal examination of within- and between-person effects of peer status and empathy in adolescence.","authors":"Nathan H Field, Emma Balkind, Kaitlyn Burnell, Kara A Fox, Mallory J Feldman, Elizabeth A Nick, Eva H Telzer, Kristen A Lindquist, Mitchell J Prinstein","doi":"10.1037/dev0001914","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined reciprocal relations between two dimensions of peer status, likability and popularity, and two dimensions of empathy, empathic concern and perspective taking, across adolescence. A school-based sample of 893 (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 12.60, <i>SD</i> = 0.62) sixth- (<i>n</i> = 491; 55% female) and seventh-grade (<i>n</i> = 402; 45% female) adolescents from three, rural, lower middle-class schools in the southeastern United States completed self-report and peer-report questionnaires annually at four timepoints. Two trivariate latent curve models with structured residuals were fit. The first model examined within- and between-person associations between popularity, likability, and empathic concern, whereas the second model examined these associations with perspective taking. Results revealed no between-person relations among the latent factors for popularity and empathic concern or perspective taking. Conversely, the latent intercept for likability was positively related to the latent intercept for each of the empathic dimensions. Within-person cross-lagged effects from Grades 6 to 10 revealed that increases in popularity were associated with later decreases in empathic concern, while increases in empathic concern were associated with later decreases in popularity. Within-person changes in popularity did not predict later changes in perspective taking, but increases in perspective taking were associated with decreases in popularity. There were positive, albeit few, predictive associations with changes in likability. Results elucidate key differences in popularity and likability as dimensions of peer status; popular youth may benefit from the flexible use of empathic processes, while likable youth exhibit a stable, enduring propensity for empathic processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1684-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Children selectively amend structural inequalities.","authors":"Radhika Santhanagopalan, Lin Bian","doi":"10.1037/dev0001940","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural inequalities refer to systems that have historically privileged (and continue to privilege) some groups over others. We explored children's propensity to amend structural inequalities in a resource reallocation task in the context of preexisting inequalities. In a preregistered experiment, U.S. children (<i>N</i> = 120; 60 girls, 60 boys; 59% White, 12% Asian, 5% Black, 4% Latine/Hispanic, 19% mixed race, and 1% identified as other) learned about two novel groups: one historically advantaged and the other historically disadvantaged. Children sequentially saw eight resources spanning four categories-<i>Basic Goods</i>: food and homes; <i>Public Goods</i>: schools and hospitals; <i>Luxury Goods</i>: fancy clothes and expensive cars; and <i>Opportunity Goods</i>: best jobs and money to start a business. On each trial, children saw an unequal allocation of resources (e.g., homes) in an 8:2 ratio favoring the advantaged group. Children had free rein in redistributing resources. Children generally amended the structural inequality, with older children adopting an equal distribution and younger children moving an average of one item from the advantaged to disadvantaged group. Importantly, children's resource redistributions were selective: Reallocations of Luxury Goods were more likely to continue to favor the advantaged group, while children preferred equality in their reallocations of Basic Goods. For Public Goods and Opportunity Goods, children were as likely to favor the advantaged group as they were to favor equality. Finally, parents' political beliefs predicted younger (but not older) children's reallocation strategies. These findings highlight an emerging capacity to reason about and selectively amend structural inequalities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1698-1706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John-Christopher A Finley, Julia M Brooks, Amanda N Nili, Alison Oh, Hannah B VanLandingham, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble
{"title":"Multivariate examination of embedded indicators of performance validity for ADHD evaluations: A targeted approach.","authors":"John-Christopher A Finley, Julia M Brooks, Amanda N Nili, Alison Oh, Hannah B VanLandingham, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2256440","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2256440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the individual and combined utility of 10 embedded validity indicators (EVIs) within executive functioning, attention/working memory, and processing speed measures in 585 adults referred for an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation. Participants were categorized into invalid and valid performance groups as determined by scores from empirical performance validity indicators. Analyses revealed that all of the EVIs could meaningfully discriminate invalid from valid performers (AUCs = .69-.78), with high specificity (≥90%) but low sensitivity (19%-51%). However, none of them explained more than 20% of the variance in validity status. Combining any of these 10 EVIs into a multivariate model significantly improved classification accuracy, explaining up to 36% of the variance in validity status. Integrating six EVIs from the Stroop Color and Word Test, Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition was as efficacious (AUC = .86) as using all 10 EVIs together. Failing any two of these six EVIs or any three of the 10 EVIs yielded clinically acceptable specificity (≥90%) with moderate sensitivity (60%). Findings support the use of multivariate models to improve the identification of performance invalidity in ADHD evaluations, but chaining multiple EVIs may only be helpful to an extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1254-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}