Experimental psychology最新文献

Voir La Vie Sans Rose-Colored Glasses. 参见没有玫瑰色眼镜的生活。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000648

Kenneth Paap, John Majoubi

{"title":"Voir La Vie Sans Rose-Colored Glasses.","authors":"Kenneth Paap, John Majoubi","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000648","url":null,"abstract":" In a recent article, Ellen Bialystok argued that bilingual experience enhances nonverbal cognition, that its effects are continuous rather than categorical, and that selective attention is the key mechanism underlying cognitive changes in bilinguals. In another recent article, Bialystok argued that bilingual experience modifies cognition by adapting an underlying attention system-one that is limited in resources but becomes more efficient through this adaptation. These claims are critically evaluated drawing on meta-analyses and new empirical tests. These analyses show that any observed advantages are small, inconsistent, and often disappear when accounting for publication bias. A final section describes three key factors that likely explain why bilingualism does not reliably enhance EF. First, dilution and ceiling effects suggest that bilingualism is one of many potential cognitive enhancers (e.g., education, music, mindfulness), making its unique contribution difficult to detect. Second, heritability studies indicate that EF is overwhelmingly genetic in origin, leaving little room for environmental factors such as bilingualism to drive meaningful improvements. Third, automaticity in bilingual language control suggests that proficient bilinguals rely on specialized, task-specific mechanisms rather than domain-general EF, reducing the likelihood of cognitive transfer. Together, these findings challenge the view that bilingualism provides broad cognitive benefits. While bilingualism offers numerous social and linguistic benefits, its impact on nonverbal cognition remains unsubstantiated.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explore the Traces of Homunculus - Investigating the Effect of the Compound Retrieval Strategy on Switch Positivity. 探索小矮人的踪迹——探究复合检索策略对开关积极性的影响。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000649

Fangyuan Zhou, Zhongjin Tian, Xianqian Li

{"title":"Explore the Traces of Homunculus - Investigating the Effect of the Compound Retrieval Strategy on Switch Positivity.","authors":"Fangyuan Zhou, Zhongjin Tian, Xianqian Li","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000649","url":null,"abstract":" Previous task-switching research typically assumed that event-related potentials related to task switching, such as the target-locked switch positivity difference wave (SPDW), were indicators of cognitive control during task-set control. This study challenges that assumption. In two conventional numeric task-switching experiments (odd-even and low-high tasks), unknown symbols represented common Arabic numerals. Participants in the compound retrieval groups were unaware of the symbols' semantic meanings and relied solely on associative learning-based retrieval strategies, whereas those in the task rule groups understood the symbols and used standard task rules requiring cognitive control. Experiment 1 revealed that behavioral task-switching costs were significant only in the task rule group and completely disappeared in the compound retrieval group. However, both groups exhibited reliable SPDW without any between-group differences. Experiment 2 employed a dual-cue design to distinguish between cue-switching and task-switching. The results showed reliable cue-switch-related SPDW, while task-switch-related SPDW was not significant and showed no differences between the compound retrieval and task rule groups. Overall, there was no evidence to suggest that SPDW is a reliable marker of cognitive control. The study concluded that even if cognitive control can induce SPDW, using SPDW to represent cognitive control might not be the most appropriate approach.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning From Observing Others. 从观察他人中学习。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000645

Kesha Patel, Michael T Bixter

{"title":"Learning From Observing Others.","authors":"Kesha Patel, Michael T Bixter","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000645","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000645","url":null,"abstract":" Risky behaviors and decision making are often experienced in social and group contexts. Understanding how social influence impacts risk preferences is needed to predict how decisions will be made differently in private versus social situations. In this pre-registered study, participants completed three blocks of monetary risky choices in a laboratory setting. In the pre- and postexposure blocks, participants made their choices without receiving any social information. During the intervening exposure block, participants were randomly assigned to observe the choices of either a risk-seeking or risk-avoidant other. Social influence was observed on the choice preferences of individuals, with participants in the risk-seeking condition making significantly riskier decisions during the postexposure block than participants in the risk-avoidant condition. Post hoc analyses revealed that this difference was driven by participants in the risk-seeking other condition significantly increasing their preferences for risky rewards from pre- to postexposure. Exposure to risk-avoidant social information did not significantly reduce preferences for risky rewards. Behavioral social influence was not related to a general social comparison orientation, but those who expressed higher decisional conflict during the pre-exposure block were more likely to adjust their choice preferences following the social exposure. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the Identical Effect on Predicted and Actual Memory Through Pictorial Stimuli. 通过图片刺激对预测和实际记忆的相同效果的测试。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000646

Miri Besken, Gizem Filiz

{"title":"Testing the Identical Effect on Predicted and Actual Memory Through Pictorial Stimuli.","authors":"Miri Besken, Gizem Filiz","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000646","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000646","url":null,"abstract":" People tend to predict better memory for identical word pairs (e.g., DOG-DOG) than related ones (e.g., DOG-CAT), despite remembering related pairs more accurately-a phenomenon known as the identical effect. Across three experiments, we examined whether this illusion extends to pictorial materials and investigated the roles of processing fluency and a priori beliefs. Participants studied image pairs that were identical, exemplars, related, unrelated, or rotated (in Experiment 3). After each pair, they made judgments of learning (JOLs), and memory was later tested by a cued four-alternative forced-choice (4-AFC) recognition test. Consistently, identical image pairs received higher JOLs than related ones, despite equivalent or poorer recall. Identical pairs were also identified more quickly, reflecting greater processing fluency. However, identification speed did not consistently predict JOLs, suggesting that processing fluency alone cannot explain the illusion. These findings indicate that both processing fluency and beliefs influence JOLs, with beliefs about the pair types playing a central role.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"70-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Epistemic Relative Necessity Account for Modal Inferences About Modus Ponens Problems. 关于模态问题的模态推理的认识相对必然性解释。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000647

Moyun Wang, Lu Shi, Yuxuan Jin

{"title":"The Epistemic Relative Necessity Account for Modal Inferences About Modus Ponens Problems.","authors":"Moyun Wang, Lu Shi, Yuxuan Jin","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000647","url":null,"abstract":" An epistemic relative necessity account is proposed to treat nonmodal deductive reasoning as modal reasoning. It assumes that an epistemically valid conclusion from the factual premises is pragmatically necessary relative to the premises. Three studies on modal Modus Ponens problems (with the form: given the premises of p and if p then q, individuals were asked to judge whether the conclusion is \"necessarily q,\" \"q,\" or \"possibly q\") revealed (1) Participants generally defaulted to interpreting arbitrary conditionals \"if p then q\" as \"if p then must q.\" (2) Modal MP problems without retrievable counterexamples to conditionals tended to elicit inferences \"necessarily q\" rather than \"q.\" (3) The influence of level of relevance in conditionals (arbitrary vs. causal conditionals) on modal inferences was modulated by whether causal conditionals had retrievable counterexamples: Causal conditionals with retrievable counterexamples elicited more \"possibly q\" inferences (belief bias responses) and fewer \"necessarily q\" inferences than arbitrary and causal conditionals without retrievable counterexamples. The overall response pattern favors only the epistemic relative necessity account, indicating that a mentally valid nonmodal deductive inference can be transformed into a modal inference including the modal word \"necessary\" in the conclusion. Our research bridges linguistic and psychological research on epistemic necessity.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"72 2","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Seller Cost Effect. 卖方成本效应。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000640

Tao Wang, Lixin Tan, Jianmin Zeng, Yujie Yuan

{"title":"The Seller Cost Effect.","authors":"Tao Wang, Lixin Tan, Jianmin Zeng, Yujie Yuan","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000640","url":null,"abstract":" Cost plays a crucial role in commodity transactions, influencing the decisions of both buyers and sellers. Previous studies have focused either on the impact of seller costs on seller decisions or the influence of buyer costs on buyer decisions. However, it remains unclear whether seller costs directly affect buyers' purchasing decisions. Across six experiments, participants consistently demonstrated a preference for items with higher seller costs. Experiment 1 had them choose between high and low seller cost items that were totally equal in other aspects, with a majority favoring the item with high seller cost. Experiment 2 involved participants pricing items, resulting in higher values for those with greater seller costs. In Experiment 3, when asked to predict others' choices, the consensus was again for high seller cost items. Experiment 4, which used a single reseller, showed a similar pattern. Finally, in Experiments 5 and 6, with stricter experimental design, the preference for higher seller cost items persisted. These findings indicate that irrelevant factors can influence consumers' valuation of products and their consumption decisions, and thus challenge traditional utility theories of decisions, which generally accommodate only relevant factors. Several nondecision theories (price unfairness perception, anti-profit belief, and zero-sum thinking) were also tested, and zero-sum thinking provides the best explanation.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"72 1","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High and Low Media Multitaskers Differ on Cued But Not Voluntary Task Switching. 高媒体多任务者和低媒体多任务者在主动而非自愿的任务切换上存在差异。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000639

Jackson S Colvett, L Casey Bales, Janine M Jennings

{"title":"High and Low Media Multitaskers Differ on Cued But Not Voluntary Task Switching.","authors":"Jackson S Colvett, L Casey Bales, Janine M Jennings","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000639","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000639","url":null,"abstract":" Media multitasking (i.e., the use of multiple forms of media at the same time) is an increasingly common behavior. As media multitasking requires switching between different forms of media, there has been great interest in its relationship with the ability to switch between tasks. Clear patterns have not emerged in cued task switching, as studies have found that high media multitaskers switch more effectively, switch less effectively, or that there are no differences between high and low media multitaskers. The voluntary task switching paradigm provides an alternate and yet unexplored perspective that could reveal differences between high and low media multitaskers in terms of how effectively and how often they switch. In Experiment 1, high media multitaskers had a smaller cued task switching switch cost, but no difference in voluntary switch cost or switch rate. Experiment 2 explored whether voluntary task switching differences emerged at longer response stimulus intervals (RSIs). Again, no group difference was observed in voluntary switch cost or switch rate. We discuss the differences between what is assessed in cued and voluntary task switching paradigms and subsequent implications for media multitasking.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral Judgments Are (Most Probably) Robust to Physical Fatigue. 道德判断（很可能）对身体疲劳很有效。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000642

Michal Mikolaj Stefanczyk, Grzegorz Żurek, Artur Macyszyn, Karol Sygierycz, Agnieszka Jastrzębska, Aleksandra Ochman, Kamila Czajka, Michał Białek

引用次数: 0

False Memories of Familiar Faces. 熟悉面孔的错误记忆。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000631

Daniella K Cash, Megan H Papesh, Alan T Harrison

{"title":"False Memories of Familiar Faces.","authors":"Daniella K Cash, Megan H Papesh, Alan T Harrison","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000631","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000631","url":null,"abstract":" Prior familiarity has been shown to increase memory for faces, but different effects emerge depending on whether the face is experimentally or pre-experimentally familiar to the observer. Across two experiments, we compared the effect of experimental and pre-experimental familiarity on recognition and source memory. Pre-experimentally familiar faces were nameable US celebrities, and unfamiliar faces were unnamable European celebrities. Within both sets, faces could be made experimentally familiar via repetition during the learning phase (studied once or thrice). At test, all studied identities were represented by novel (i.e., not studied) photos, allowing us to test memory for the identity rather than the picture. In Experiment 1, repeated presentations of both face types increased recognition rates, but accuracy was generally higher for pre-experimentally familiar faces. Experiment 2 expanded on these findings by pairing the faces with background locations and manipulating associative strength of the face-location pairs. Although pre-experimentally familiar faces were again recognized more often, they were also more likely to be falsely labeled as \"old\" when paired with new background locations. These results have implications for basic and applied studies examining familiar versus unfamiliar face recognition.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

List of Reviewers 2024. 评审人员名单

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000635

引用次数: 0