Experimental psychology最新文献

Learning From Observing Others. 从观察他人中学习。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000645

Kesha Patel, Michael T Bixter

{"title":"Learning From Observing Others.","authors":"Kesha Patel, Michael T Bixter","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000645","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000645","url":null,"abstract":" Risky behaviors and decision making are often experienced in social and group contexts. Understanding how social influence impacts risk preferences is needed to predict how decisions will be made differently in private versus social situations. In this pre-registered study, participants completed three blocks of monetary risky choices in a laboratory setting. In the pre- and postexposure blocks, participants made their choices without receiving any social information. During the intervening exposure block, participants were randomly assigned to observe the choices of either a risk-seeking or risk-avoidant other. Social influence was observed on the choice preferences of individuals, with participants in the risk-seeking condition making significantly riskier decisions during the postexposure block than participants in the risk-avoidant condition. Post hoc analyses revealed that this difference was driven by participants in the risk-seeking other condition significantly increasing their preferences for risky rewards from pre- to postexposure. Exposure to risk-avoidant social information did not significantly reduce preferences for risky rewards. Behavioral social influence was not related to a general social comparison orientation, but those who expressed higher decisional conflict during the pre-exposure block were more likely to adjust their choice preferences following the social exposure. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ego Does Not Deplete Over Time. 自我不会随着时间的推移而耗尽。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000644

Alberto De Luca, Chenyan Zhang, Stephan Verschoor, Bernhard Hommel

{"title":"Ego Does Not Deplete Over Time.","authors":"Alberto De Luca, Chenyan Zhang, Stephan Verschoor, Bernhard Hommel","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000644","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000644","url":null,"abstract":" The idea that self-control (or executive) functions depend on limited \"mental resources\" that can be depleted (aka ego-depletion) has generated a lot of interest, but both the empirical status of the phenomenon and its theoretical explanation remain controversial. Here, we tested a widely neglected but straightforward prediction of ego-depletion theory: The longer people work on a control-demanding task, the more should their ego deplete. If so, ego-depletion effects should become more pronounced as time on (control) task increases. To test that prediction, we carried out an online experiment, in which participants switched between blocks of a numerical Stroop task (NST) with either 50% or 10% incongruent trials, which served to induce different degrees of ego depletion, and a Global-Local Task (GLT), which served to measure the impact of ego depletion. We predicted that participants would perform more poorly on the GLT if it is combined with the more demanding NST and that this performance cost would systematically increase over time on task. Although the classical Stroop and global-local effects were replicated, we found no evidence that our experimental manipulation successfully induced an outcome that can be considered as evidence for ego depletion. We conclude that our findings contribute to the growing literature questioning the robustness of ego-depletion effects under certain task conditions.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"100-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the Identical Effect on Predicted and Actual Memory Through Pictorial Stimuli. 通过图片刺激对预测和实际记忆的相同效果的测试。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000646

Miri Besken, Gizem Filiz

引用次数: 0

The Epistemic Relative Necessity Account for Modal Inferences About Modus Ponens Problems. 关于模态问题的模态推理的认识相对必然性解释。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000647

Moyun Wang, Lu Shi, Yuxuan Jin

{"title":"The Epistemic Relative Necessity Account for Modal Inferences About Modus Ponens Problems.","authors":"Moyun Wang, Lu Shi, Yuxuan Jin","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000647","url":null,"abstract":" An epistemic relative necessity account is proposed to treat nonmodal deductive reasoning as modal reasoning. It assumes that an epistemically valid conclusion from the factual premises is pragmatically necessary relative to the premises. Three studies on modal Modus Ponens problems (with the form: given the premises of p and if p then q, individuals were asked to judge whether the conclusion is \"necessarily q,\" \"q,\" or \"possibly q\") revealed (1) Participants generally defaulted to interpreting arbitrary conditionals \"if p then q\" as \"if p then must q.\" (2) Modal MP problems without retrievable counterexamples to conditionals tended to elicit inferences \"necessarily q\" rather than \"q.\" (3) The influence of level of relevance in conditionals (arbitrary vs. causal conditionals) on modal inferences was modulated by whether causal conditionals had retrievable counterexamples: Causal conditionals with retrievable counterexamples elicited more \"possibly q\" inferences (belief bias responses) and fewer \"necessarily q\" inferences than arbitrary and causal conditionals without retrievable counterexamples. The overall response pattern favors only the epistemic relative necessity account, indicating that a mentally valid nonmodal deductive inference can be transformed into a modal inference including the modal word \"necessary\" in the conclusion. Our research bridges linguistic and psychological research on epistemic necessity.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"72 2","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Seller Cost Effect. 卖方成本效应。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000640

Tao Wang, Lixin Tan, Jianmin Zeng, Yujie Yuan

{"title":"The Seller Cost Effect.","authors":"Tao Wang, Lixin Tan, Jianmin Zeng, Yujie Yuan","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000640","url":null,"abstract":" Cost plays a crucial role in commodity transactions, influencing the decisions of both buyers and sellers. Previous studies have focused either on the impact of seller costs on seller decisions or the influence of buyer costs on buyer decisions. However, it remains unclear whether seller costs directly affect buyers' purchasing decisions. Across six experiments, participants consistently demonstrated a preference for items with higher seller costs. Experiment 1 had them choose between high and low seller cost items that were totally equal in other aspects, with a majority favoring the item with high seller cost. Experiment 2 involved participants pricing items, resulting in higher values for those with greater seller costs. In Experiment 3, when asked to predict others' choices, the consensus was again for high seller cost items. Experiment 4, which used a single reseller, showed a similar pattern. Finally, in Experiments 5 and 6, with stricter experimental design, the preference for higher seller cost items persisted. These findings indicate that irrelevant factors can influence consumers' valuation of products and their consumption decisions, and thus challenge traditional utility theories of decisions, which generally accommodate only relevant factors. Several nondecision theories (price unfairness perception, anti-profit belief, and zero-sum thinking) were also tested, and zero-sum thinking provides the best explanation.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"72 1","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High and Low Media Multitaskers Differ on Cued But Not Voluntary Task Switching. 高媒体多任务者和低媒体多任务者在主动而非自愿的任务切换上存在差异。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000639

Jackson S Colvett, L Casey Bales, Janine M Jennings

{"title":"High and Low Media Multitaskers Differ on Cued But Not Voluntary Task Switching.","authors":"Jackson S Colvett, L Casey Bales, Janine M Jennings","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000639","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000639","url":null,"abstract":" Media multitasking (i.e., the use of multiple forms of media at the same time) is an increasingly common behavior. As media multitasking requires switching between different forms of media, there has been great interest in its relationship with the ability to switch between tasks. Clear patterns have not emerged in cued task switching, as studies have found that high media multitaskers switch more effectively, switch less effectively, or that there are no differences between high and low media multitaskers. The voluntary task switching paradigm provides an alternate and yet unexplored perspective that could reveal differences between high and low media multitaskers in terms of how effectively and how often they switch. In Experiment 1, high media multitaskers had a smaller cued task switching switch cost, but no difference in voluntary switch cost or switch rate. Experiment 2 explored whether voluntary task switching differences emerged at longer response stimulus intervals (RSIs). Again, no group difference was observed in voluntary switch cost or switch rate. We discuss the differences between what is assessed in cued and voluntary task switching paradigms and subsequent implications for media multitasking.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral Judgments Are (Most Probably) Robust to Physical Fatigue. 道德判断（很可能）对身体疲劳很有效。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000642

Michal Mikolaj Stefanczyk, Grzegorz Żurek, Artur Macyszyn, Karol Sygierycz, Agnieszka Jastrzębska, Aleksandra Ochman, Kamila Czajka, Michał Białek

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Morning Morality Effect in the Context of Moral Utilitarianism. 道德功利主义语境下的早晨道德效应探析。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000643

Bastien Trémolière, Corentin J Gosling

{"title":"Exploring the Morning Morality Effect in the Context of Moral Utilitarianism.","authors":"Bastien Trémolière, Corentin J Gosling","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000643","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000643","url":null,"abstract":" Recent research has shown mixed evidence for the morning morality effect (MME; i.e., the observation that individuals are less immoral in the morning than in the afternoon). In the present research, we target the morning morality effect in the context of moral utilitarianism, for which this effect has never been explored. We first reanalyzed observational data from six studies previously conducted by our lab, which included different tasks capturing moral utilitarianism. A meta-analytic model showed that participants become less utilitarian as the day goes on, but with a small effect size (r = -0.14, 95% CI = [-0.25, -0.02]) and large heterogeneity. Exploration of this heterogeneity showed that this association was statistically significant for classic sacrificial dilemmas only. We next conducted an experimental study of the morning morality effect, which aimed to experimentally support the results previously observed in the meta-analysis, as well as to explore, in addition, a possible moderating effect of chronotype. These experimental results showed no reliable overall effect of time of day on moral utilitarianism (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI = [-0.21, 0.28]). A potential moderating effect of chronotype was detected in secondary analyses, but that needs to be replicated. The implications and limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"72 1","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Less Than Zero? 小于零？

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000641

Ryan P M Hackländer, Helge Schlüter, Ann-Kathrin Rolke, Simon Schuster, Christina Bermeitinger

{"title":"Less Than Zero?","authors":"Ryan P M Hackländer, Helge Schlüter, Ann-Kathrin Rolke, Simon Schuster, Christina Bermeitinger","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000641","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000641","url":null,"abstract":"Not all information encountered is equally important to remember. Some information may be valuable, while others may be irrelevant. Importantly, retrieving and acting upon some information may even have negative consequences. Research has shown that information associated with negative consequences when retrieved is remembered worse than information associated with positive consequences when retrieved. The current experiments address a hitherto understudied aspect of memory for values, namely about how neutral and negative valued information is remembered and which processes underly the encoding and retrieval of this information. Across four experiments, we presented participants with words and an associated positive, neutral, or negative point value. Participants thought the associated values would be added to their total score, thus incentivizing the recall of positive value words and forgetting of negative value words. However, at retrieval participants were told to ignore previously associated values and to try to retrieve as many words from the study phase as possible. Replicating previous research, we found superior retrieval for words associated with positive compared to negative values. More importantly for the current investigation, across four experiments, we found no evidence that words associated with negative values were remembered worse than words associated with a neutral value.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"27-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

False Memories of Familiar Faces. 熟悉面孔的错误记忆。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000631

Daniella K Cash, Megan H Papesh, Alan T Harrison

{"title":"False Memories of Familiar Faces.","authors":"Daniella K Cash, Megan H Papesh, Alan T Harrison","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000631","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000631","url":null,"abstract":" Prior familiarity has been shown to increase memory for faces, but different effects emerge depending on whether the face is experimentally or pre-experimentally familiar to the observer. Across two experiments, we compared the effect of experimental and pre-experimental familiarity on recognition and source memory. Pre-experimentally familiar faces were nameable US celebrities, and unfamiliar faces were unnamable European celebrities. Within both sets, faces could be made experimentally familiar via repetition during the learning phase (studied once or thrice). At test, all studied identities were represented by novel (i.e., not studied) photos, allowing us to test memory for the identity rather than the picture. In Experiment 1, repeated presentations of both face types increased recognition rates, but accuracy was generally higher for pre-experimentally familiar faces. Experiment 2 expanded on these findings by pairing the faces with background locations and manipulating associative strength of the face-location pairs. Although pre-experimentally familiar faces were again recognized more often, they were also more likely to be falsely labeled as \"old\" when paired with new background locations. These results have implications for basic and applied studies examining familiar versus unfamiliar face recognition.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0