Experimental psychology最新文献

Correction to Wiradhany et al., 2024.

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000632

引用次数: 0

Directed Forgetting and the Production Effect.

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000630

Jackie Spear, J Nick Reid, Dominic Guitard, Randall K Jamieson

{"title":"Directed Forgetting and the Production Effect.","authors":"Jackie Spear, J Nick Reid, Dominic Guitard, Randall K Jamieson","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000630","url":null,"abstract":" The item-based directed-forgetting effect is explained as a difference in how strongly people encode remember-cued over forget-cued targets. In contrast, the production effect is typically explained as a difference in the distinctiveness of the memory of produced over unproduced targets. The procedural alignment of the two effects - directing participants to remember or forget, produce or not - coupled with their different theoretical explanations (i.e., strength vs. distinctiveness) presents an opportunity to investigate common versus differential effects of elaborative encoding. This study aims to bridge the gap between these two well-established phenomena by comparing the differences in directed forgetting and the production effect in the context of recognition. Mixed- and pure-list designs were utilized to provide an index of each of these mechanisms in both procedures. Along with a standard production effect and directed forgetting effect in the mixed-list conditions, we found evidence for strength primarily driving results in both procedures. Results are explained using a global matching model of recognition memory, MINERVA 2, by assuming varying levels of encoding strength in relation to task demands. Critically, we obtain the best fit using a strength mechanism over a combined strength and distinctiveness mechanism for our data.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production and Preschoolers: Is There a Benefit and Do They Know? 生产与学龄前儿童：有好处吗？他们知道吗？

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000622

Stacy Lipowski, Angela Canda, Hannah Tameling, Mary Pyc

{"title":"Production and Preschoolers: Is There a Benefit and Do They Know?","authors":"Stacy Lipowski, Angela Canda, Hannah Tameling, Mary Pyc","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000622","url":null,"abstract":" Although the production effect is well-established in undergraduates, limited research has examined this effect in children. The primary goal of the current study was to replicate the production effect in preschoolers. In Experiment 1, one group studied all items silently or aloud (pure lists) and another group studied half of the items silently and said half aloud (mixed lists). At recall, the production effect was present in mixed lists but not in pure lists. The results suggest that the effect in mixed lists was due to both a benefit for produced items and a cost to silent items. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether preschoolers were aware of the benefits of production. The results were mixed and indicate that task difficulty may impact whether production benefits memory. When the metacognitive task was easier (Experiment 3), the production effect replicated. Preschoolers' judgments indicated they believe that production leads to better memory, but they were overconfident. The current results demonstrate that (1) young children can use production to improve memory when instructed, even before they spontaneously use it, (2) they believe production can benefit memory, and (3) task difficulty may account for discrepancies in prior work examining the production effect in children.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Interaction Between the Production Effect and Serial Position in Recognition and Recall. 生产效应与序列位置在识别和回忆中的相互作用

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000623

Sébastien Gionet, Dominic Guitard, Jean Saint-Aubin

{"title":"The Interaction Between the Production Effect and Serial Position in Recognition and Recall.","authors":"Sébastien Gionet, Dominic Guitard, Jean Saint-Aubin","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000623","url":null,"abstract":" In memory tasks, items read aloud are better remembered than their silently read counterparts. This production effect is often interpreted by assuming a distinctiveness benefit for produced items, but whether this benefit also comes at a cost remains up for debate. In recall tasks, when pure lists are used in which all items are produced or read silently, studies have shown a better recall of produced items at the last serial positions, but a lower recall at the first positions. This cost of production has been interpreted by assuming that production interferes with rehearsal. However, in recognition tasks, models typically assume that the distinctiveness benefit for produced items comes at no cost. Across four experiments, participants completed a 2AFC recognition test, an old-new recognition test or an immediate serial recall test. List length was also manipulated. Results show that although the production effect is larger at the last serial positions, the cross-over interaction between the production effect and serial position observed in recall was not present in recognition. These results suggest that task-related differences in the production effect may inform us about the modulation of basic memory processes by task demands.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Goal Source in Escalation of Commitment.

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000627

Jong Seok Lee, Mark Keil, Kin Fai Ellick Wong, Hyung Koo Lee

{"title":"The Role of Goal Source in Escalation of Commitment.","authors":"Jong Seok Lee, Mark Keil, Kin Fai Ellick Wong, Hyung Koo Lee","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000627","url":null,"abstract":" Escalation of commitment is an important decision problem that occurs across different decision contexts. Recognizing that escalation involves one's effort to achieve some form of a goal, researchers have attempted to understand escalation of commitment as a goal-pursuing activity. Prior research works have suggested that escalation situations consist of (1) an initial goal setting phase and (2) an escalation decision-making phase and have investigated how goal difficulty and goal specificity influence escalation decisions. However, they have neglected the potential role of the goal source in escalation situations. In this study, we aim to advance our understanding of escalation of commitment by examining the relationship between goal source and escalation. Specifically, by drawing on distinct characteristics of escalation situations, we conceptualize a new form of goal source, namely inherited goals, and examine its effect on escalation of commitment compared with self-set and assigned goals that are well-known goal sources in goal-setting theory (GST). We conducted two laboratory experiments and found evidence suggesting that individuals who had inherited goals (i.e., those who did not take part in initial goal setting and did not invest effort in pursuing the previous course of action) are less likely to fall into the escalation trap.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 4","pages":"202-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent Effects of Emotional Expression and Group Membership in the Evaluative Priming Task.

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000628

Emre Gurbuz, Michaela Rohr, Dirk Wentura

{"title":"Independent Effects of Emotional Expression and Group Membership in the Evaluative Priming Task.","authors":"Emre Gurbuz, Michaela Rohr, Dirk Wentura","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000628","url":null,"abstract":" Research on automatic evaluative responses to faces varying in emotional expression and ethnicity has yielded conflicting results. Some paradigms, like the Approach/Avoidance task, demonstrated interactive evaluation. In contrast, recent studies using the Evaluative Priming Task (EPT) yielded independent effects of expression and ethnicity. One key difference between these paradigms is the task relevance of the faces. In the EPT faces served solely as primes without direct relevance to the task. To examine whether increased task relevance could engender interactive processing in the EPT, we utilized a modified version of the \"bona fide pipeline\" EPT. In this adaptation, participants categorized the valence of target words succeeding prime faces followed by probe faces. Participants then judged whether the prime and probe faces depicted the same person, thereby adding task relevance to the prime faces. Experiment 1 revealed independent priming effects of emotion and ethnicity. Since error data and inverse efficiency scores provided evidence for an interactive evaluation, we replicated Experiment 1 using a sequential Bayes testing strategy. Experiment 2 confirmed that the effects of emotion and ethnicity remain independent, indicating that increased task relevance did not yield the integrated processing of emotion and ethnicity as initially hypothesized.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 4","pages":"214-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Social Media Notifications Distracting? 社交媒体通知是否会分散注意力？

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000625

Wisnu Wiradhany, Anna Pócs, Susanne E Baumgartner

引用次数: 0

Reducing the Influence of Time Pressure on Risky Choice. 减少时间压力对风险选择的影响。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000626

Yixuan Jiang, Pin Huang, Xiuying Qian

引用次数: 0

Probing the Causal Contribution of Reasoning to Third-Party Moral Judgment of Harm Transgressions.

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000629

Flora Schwartz, Florian Balat, Bastien Trémolière

{"title":"Probing the Causal Contribution of Reasoning to Third-Party Moral Judgment of Harm Transgressions.","authors":"Flora Schwartz, Florian Balat, Bastien Trémolière","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000629","url":null,"abstract":" Recent work has supported the role of reasoning in third-party moral judgment of harm transgressions. In particular, reasoning may increase the weight of intention in moral judgment, especially following accidental harm, a situation that presumably requires judges to balance considerations about the outcome endured by a victim on the one hand and considerations about an agent's intention to cause harm on the other hand. Three preregistered lab-based studies aimed to test the causal contribution of reasoning to moral judgment of harm transgressions using experimental manipulations borrowed from the reasoning literature: time pressure (Experiment 1), cognitive load (Experiment 2), and priming (Experiment 3). Participants (N = 284) were presented with short fictitious scenarios in which the agent's intention toward a potential victim (harmful or neutral intent) and the action's outcome (victim's injury or no harm) were manipulated. Participants then reported their moral judgment of the agent's behavior (wrongness and deserved punishment) and their empathy toward the victim. We found that time pressure reduced judgment severity toward agents who had the intention to harm, but the reasoning manipulations overall did not impact judgment severity toward agents who harmed accidentally. We discuss why reasoning may sometimes influence how individuals account for intention in third-party moral judgment of harm transgressions.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 4","pages":"225-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framing the Default. 设定默认值。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000617

Subramanya P Chandrashekar, Adrien A Fillon

{"title":"Framing the Default.","authors":"Subramanya P Chandrashekar, Adrien A Fillon","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000617","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000617","url":null,"abstract":" A key finding within nudging research is the default effect, where individuals are inclined to stay with a default option when faced with a decision, rather than exploring alternatives (e.g., a preselected job opportunity among two alternatives). Similarly, the study of framing effects delves into how the presentation and context of decisions influence choices (e.g., choosing vs. rejecting a job opportunity among two alternatives). Specifically, previous literature examining choosing versus rejecting decision frames in various situations has found that these frames do not invariably complement each other; therefore, individuals' preferences vary based on the task frame. Yet, simultaneous testing of multiple nudges remains relatively unexplored in the literature. In the current study involving 1,072 participants, we examined how framing and default effects can influence decision-making in hypothetical scenarios. The decision scenarios involved two different domains-work and health. We found that framing had a strong effect on decision-making in both work and health domains, whereas default setting contributed only to a limited extent in the work domain and no effect was found in the health domain, mirroring related recent research findings. We argue for a more careful design of nudge interventions when multiple overlapping nudges are used and for a contextual approach to applying behavioral science to citizens.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"164-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0