Experimental psychology最新文献_第2页

The Production Effect in Implicit Memory.

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000633

Yaniv Mama

{"title":"The Production Effect in Implicit Memory.","authors":"Yaniv Mama","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000633","url":null,"abstract":" The Production Effect refers to a memory advantage for items learned by reading aloud relative to items learned by silent reading. The effect is commonly attributed to encoding distinctiveness; the act of production makes aloud items distinct from the silent items. Distinctiveness is considered useful only on conscious memory tests but is irrelevant on implicit tests. Indeed, hitherto, the production effect was observed only on explicit tests of memory but not on the implicit test of speeded reading. In the current study, in two experiments, participants learned words by aloud or silent reading and performed different implicit memory tests. In the first experiment, a modified recognition test using the process dissociation procedure was employed, revealing a robust production effect in the inclusion (conscious) - but not the exclusion (automatic) - condition. In the second experiment, no production effect was found in a simple implicit task (lexical decision) but was documented in two complex implicit tasks (word stem completion and category exemplar generation). These results show that vocal production can enhance some forms of implicit memory. This may result from mechanisms other than distinctiveness contributing to the production effect or the involvement of explicit memory processes (intrusions) in (some) implicit memory tests.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 5","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Goal Source in Escalation of Commitment. 目标源在承诺升级中的作用。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000627

Jong Seok Lee, Mark Keil, Kin Fai Ellick Wong, Hyung Koo Lee

{"title":"The Role of Goal Source in Escalation of Commitment.","authors":"Jong Seok Lee, Mark Keil, Kin Fai Ellick Wong, Hyung Koo Lee","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000627","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000627","url":null,"abstract":" Escalation of commitment is an important decision problem that occurs across different decision contexts. Recognizing that escalation involves one's effort to achieve some form of a goal, researchers have attempted to understand escalation of commitment as a goal-pursuing activity. Prior research works have suggested that escalation situations consist of (1) an initial goal setting phase and (2) an escalation decision-making phase and have investigated how goal difficulty and goal specificity influence escalation decisions. However, they have neglected the potential role of the goal source in escalation situations. In this study, we aim to advance our understanding of escalation of commitment by examining the relationship between goal source and escalation. Specifically, by drawing on distinct characteristics of escalation situations, we conceptualize a new form of goal source, namely inherited goals, and examine its effect on escalation of commitment compared with self-set and assigned goals that are well-known goal sources in goal-setting theory (GST). We conducted two laboratory experiments and found evidence suggesting that individuals who had inherited goals (i.e., those who did not take part in initial goal setting and did not invest effort in pursuing the previous course of action) are less likely to fall into the escalation trap.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 4","pages":"202-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent Effects of Emotional Expression and Group Membership in the Evaluative Priming Task. 评价启动任务中情绪表达和群体隶属的独立效应。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000628

Emre Gurbuz, Michaela Rohr, Dirk Wentura

{"title":"Independent Effects of Emotional Expression and Group Membership in the Evaluative Priming Task.","authors":"Emre Gurbuz, Michaela Rohr, Dirk Wentura","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000628","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000628","url":null,"abstract":"Research on automatic evaluative responses to faces varying in emotional expression and ethnicity has yielded conflicting results. Some paradigms, like the Approach/Avoidance task, demonstrated interactive evaluation. In contrast, recent studies using the Evaluative Priming Task (EPT) yielded independent effects of expression and ethnicity. One key difference between these paradigms is the task relevance of the faces. In the EPT faces served solely as primes without direct relevance to the task. To examine whether increased task relevance could engender interactive processing in the EPT, we utilized a modified version of the \"bona fide pipeline\" EPT. In this adaptation, participants categorized the valence of target words succeeding prime faces followed by probe faces. Participants then judged whether the prime and probe faces depicted the same person, thereby adding task relevance to the prime faces. Experiment 1 revealed independent priming effects of emotion and ethnicity. Since error data and inverse efficiency scores provided evidence for an interactive evaluation, we replicated Experiment 1 using a sequential Bayes testing strategy. Experiment 2 confirmed that the effects of emotion and ethnicity remain independent, indicating that increased task relevance did not yield the integrated processing of emotion and ethnicity as initially hypothesized.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 4","pages":"214-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Social Media Notifications Distracting? 社交媒体通知是否会分散注意力？

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000625

Wisnu Wiradhany, Anna Pócs, Susanne E Baumgartner

引用次数: 0

Reducing the Influence of Time Pressure on Risky Choice. 减少时间压力对风险选择的影响。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000626

Yixuan Jiang, Pin Huang, Xiuying Qian

引用次数: 0

Probing the Causal Contribution of Reasoning to Third-Party Moral Judgment of Harm Transgressions. 论推理对损害违法行为的第三方道德判断的因果作用。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000629

Flora Schwartz, Florian Balat, Bastien Trémolière

{"title":"Probing the Causal Contribution of Reasoning to Third-Party Moral Judgment of Harm Transgressions.","authors":"Flora Schwartz, Florian Balat, Bastien Trémolière","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000629","url":null,"abstract":" Recent work has supported the role of reasoning in third-party moral judgment of harm transgressions. In particular, reasoning may increase the weight of intention in moral judgment, especially following accidental harm, a situation that presumably requires judges to balance considerations about the outcome endured by a victim on the one hand and considerations about an agent's intention to cause harm on the other hand. Three preregistered lab-based studies aimed to test the causal contribution of reasoning to moral judgment of harm transgressions using experimental manipulations borrowed from the reasoning literature: time pressure (Experiment 1), cognitive load (Experiment 2), and priming (Experiment 3). Participants (N = 284) were presented with short fictitious scenarios in which the agent's intention toward a potential victim (harmful or neutral intent) and the action's outcome (victim's injury or no harm) were manipulated. Participants then reported their moral judgment of the agent's behavior (wrongness and deserved punishment) and their empathy toward the victim. We found that time pressure reduced judgment severity toward agents who had the intention to harm, but the reasoning manipulations overall did not impact judgment severity toward agents who harmed accidentally. We discuss why reasoning may sometimes influence how individuals account for intention in third-party moral judgment of harm transgressions.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"71 4","pages":"225-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framing the Default. 设定默认值。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000617

Subramanya P Chandrashekar, Adrien A Fillon

{"title":"Framing the Default.","authors":"Subramanya P Chandrashekar, Adrien A Fillon","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000617","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000617","url":null,"abstract":" A key finding within nudging research is the default effect, where individuals are inclined to stay with a default option when faced with a decision, rather than exploring alternatives (e.g., a preselected job opportunity among two alternatives). Similarly, the study of framing effects delves into how the presentation and context of decisions influence choices (e.g., choosing vs. rejecting a job opportunity among two alternatives). Specifically, previous literature examining choosing versus rejecting decision frames in various situations has found that these frames do not invariably complement each other; therefore, individuals' preferences vary based on the task frame. Yet, simultaneous testing of multiple nudges remains relatively unexplored in the literature. In the current study involving 1,072 participants, we examined how framing and default effects can influence decision-making in hypothetical scenarios. The decision scenarios involved two different domains-work and health. We found that framing had a strong effect on decision-making in both work and health domains, whereas default setting contributed only to a limited extent in the work domain and no effect was found in the health domain, mirroring related recent research findings. We argue for a more careful design of nudge interventions when multiple overlapping nudges are used and for a contextual approach to applying behavioral science to citizens.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"164-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral Experiments Online? 在线行为实验？

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000624

Christian Böffel, Ruben Alajos Meinardus

{"title":"Behavioral Experiments Online?","authors":"Christian Böffel, Ruben Alajos Meinardus","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000624","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000624","url":null,"abstract":" Online experiments offer several advantages over traditional laboratory experiments. However, for reaction time experiments, precise stimulus presentation and response detection is crucial. The precision of online experiments could be compromised due to increased variance arising from varying hardware configurations among participants, lack of control over experimental conditions, and the absence of an examiner. In this study, we conducted an online experiment using the avatar-Simon task to investigate whether small differences in reaction times could be examined using online experiments conducted with the experimental toolkit PsyToolkit. In the avatar-Simon task, participants respond to the color of vertically presented stimuli in front of avatars by pressing a left or right button. Reactions are faster when the position of the stimulus, defined from the avatar's point of view, matches the position of the response. Compared to the previous laboratory experiment, we observed lower effect sizes and more timeouts but were able to replicate the avatar-Simon effect overall. Based on further distributional and reliability analyses, PsyToolkit appears to be suitable tool to detect behavioral effects in the range of tens of milliseconds. We discuss differences and similarities with the original laboratory study and suggest how to address potential problems associated with online experiments.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":" ","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justifying Responses Affects the Relationship Between Confidence and Accuracy. 为回答辩解会影响信心与准确性之间的关系。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000612

Daniel B Wright, Sarah M Wolff

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Posture on Mind Wandering. 姿势对思维游走的影响

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000616

Binbin Qian, Yuxuan Liu, Xinrui Yang, Zhijun Zhang

引用次数: 0