Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献

EXPRESS: How personality shapes gaze behavior without compromising subtle emotion recognition.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251334118

Alice Cartaud, Dorine Vergilino-Perez, Laurence Chaby

{"title":"EXPRESS: How personality shapes gaze behavior without compromising subtle emotion recognition.","authors":"Alice Cartaud, Dorine Vergilino-Perez, Laurence Chaby","doi":"10.1177/17470218251334118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251334118","url":null,"abstract":"Can personality, known to shape emotional experiences and gaze behaviors, influence the recognition of subtle emotional facial expressions? Do these personality-related gaze patterns change with emotional intensity? To explore this, we conducted an eye-tracking experiment with 116 participants who identified dynamic emotional facial expressions of varying intensities (anger, fear, disgust, happiness). Using a multidimensional approach to personality, we clustered participants based on Big Five personality dimensions and anxiety scores, distinguishing those scoring high in dimensions associated with positive (extroversion, agreeableness) vs negative emotions (neuroticism, social anxiety). Results showed that individuals with a positively-colored personality focused more on the mouth (likely seeking happiness cues), while those with a negatively-colored personality focused more on the eyes (likely seeking signs of negative emotions). However, at higher intensity, these gaze patterns persisted only when emotions matched participants' personality (individuals with a negatively-colored personality focused more on the eyes than others, but only when viewing fear or anger). Yet, personality did not affect the sensory discrimination or decision-making processes for subtle emotion identification. Thus, personality, as a multidimensional construct, seems to influence gaze strategies, facilitating emotionally congruent experiences without hindering the recognition of others' emotions, even subtle ones, which is crucial for effective social interactions.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251334118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Post-loss speeding and neurophysiological markers of action preparation and outcome processing in probabilistic reversal learning.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251333429

Eugenia Kulakova, Bartosz Majchrowicz, Şiir Su Saydam, Patrick Haggard

{"title":"EXPRESS: Post-loss speeding and neurophysiological markers of action preparation and outcome processing in probabilistic reversal learning.","authors":"Eugenia Kulakova, Bartosz Majchrowicz, Şiir Su Saydam, Patrick Haggard","doi":"10.1177/17470218251333429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251333429","url":null,"abstract":"Losses and errors often slow down subsequent reaction times. This is classically explained in terms of a shift towards more cautious, therefore slow, behaviour. Recent studies of gambling, however, reported faster reaction times following losses, so-called post-loss speeding, often attributing these to behavioural impulsivity arising from frustration. Here we instead investigated post-loss speeding in the context of a task that allowed behavioural adaptation and learning, namely probabilistic reversal learning (PRL). We additionally used EEG to investigate how losses influence subsequent markers of action generation (readiness potential (RP)) and outcome evaluation (feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300). Our results confirm faster reaction times after losses than after wins in PRL, thus extending post-loss speeding from gambling to cognitive contexts where learning is possible. Previous losses did not affect subsequent RP amplitudes. However, compared to wins, previous losses led to more positive FRN and more positive P300 amplitudes elicited by subsequent outcomes. Furthermore, faster reaction times were associated with more negative FRN amplitudes irrespective of previous or outcome valence. We hypothesise that post-loss speeding in PRL may represent a form of signal chasing, allowing participants to behaviourally modulate neurophysiological responses and thereby potentially establish agency by influencing internal neurophysiological signals.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251333429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Art opening minds: An experimental study on the effects of temporal and perspectival complexity in film on open-mindedness.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251333747

Francesca Carbone, Abigail Pitt, Angela Nyhout, Stacie Friend, Murray Smith, Heather J Ferguson

{"title":"EXPRESS: Art opening minds: An experimental study on the effects of temporal and perspectival complexity in film on open-mindedness.","authors":"Francesca Carbone, Abigail Pitt, Angela Nyhout, Stacie Friend, Murray Smith, Heather J Ferguson","doi":"10.1177/17470218251333747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251333747","url":null,"abstract":"Aesthetic Cognitivism posits that artworks have the potential to enhance open-mindedness. However, this claim has not yet been explored empirically. Here, we present two experiments that investigate the extent to which two formal features of film - temporal and perspectival complexity - can 'open our minds'. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the temporal complexity of film. Participants (Ntotal=100) watched a film (Memento) either in its original non-chronological order or the same film in a chronological order. In Experiment 2, we manipulated perspectival complexity in film. Participants (Ntotal=100) watched an excerpt from a film (Jackie Brown) that either included the perspectives of multiple characters on an event or a single character's perspective on the same event. Film conditions in both experiments were further compared with a control condition in which participants did not watch a film (N=50). Participants' open-mindedness was assessed in both experiments through four empirical indicators (creativity, imaginability, cognitive flexibility, openness to new evidence), and in Experiment 2 participants' eye movements, heart rate and electrodermal activity were measured while watching the film. Results showed that watching films, regardless of their temporal or perspectival complexity, modulated only one facet of open-mindedness -cognitive flexibility- when compared to the no-film control condition, providing only limited support for the aesthetic cognitivist claim that artistic films can 'open our minds'. Real-time measures in Experiment 2 revealed that pupil size and number of fixations were modulated by perspectival complexity: both were smaller when watching a film from multiple perspectives compared to a single perspective. Possible explanations for this difference are examined in relation to the viewers' cognitive processes involved in understanding and interpreting film content.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251333747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: The temporal negation suspension strategy in Negative Conditionals.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251332823

Sergio Moreno Ríos, Isabel Orenes, Orlando Espino

{"title":"EXPRESS: The temporal negation suspension strategy in Negative Conditionals.","authors":"Sergio Moreno Ríos, Isabel Orenes, Orlando Espino","doi":"10.1177/17470218251332823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251332823","url":null,"abstract":"In the psychology of reasoning, researchers have studied which conclusions follow from negative premises (it is not the case), providing in their tasks the choice of affirmative conclusions (it is the case) only. We thought this practice could mask a potential preference for negative conclusions, and indeed, the results of our experiments have corroborated our hypothesis. After reading negative conditional 'if-then' (Experiment 1) or negative biconditional (Experiment 2) statements-e.g., 'it is not the case that if/if and only if A, C'-participants preferred to infer the negative conclusion 'it is not the case that A and C' over affirmative conclusions like 'it is the case that if/if and only if A, not-C' (the small-scope interpretation) or 'it is the case that A and not C' (the large-scope interpretation). These results support the idea that whenever people encounter the negation of a conditional or biconditional assertion, they temporarily suspend the negation, flesh out the possibilities of the corresponding affirmative assertions, and then incorporate the negation into the final conclusion. Experiment 3 used the negative conditional 'only if' and ruled out whether this finding can be explained by the matching bias. These results are discussed in the context of current theories of reasoning.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251332823"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Faces displaying dominance and trustworthiness do not automatically capture attention.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251334082

Yadvi Sharma, Parnian Jalalian, Siobhan Caughey, Marius Golubickis, Neil Macrae

{"title":"EXPRESS: Faces displaying dominance and trustworthiness do not automatically capture attention.","authors":"Yadvi Sharma, Parnian Jalalian, Siobhan Caughey, Marius Golubickis, Neil Macrae","doi":"10.1177/17470218251334082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251334082","url":null,"abstract":"Contesting the viewpoint that personality impressions are spontaneously extracted from triggering facial cues, recent research suggests that such inferences emerge only when instructions are given to judge individuals in terms of the trait characteristics of interest. Notwithstanding this demonstration, however, it is possible that faces displaying fundamental character traits may exert influence over lower-level aspects of cognition that precede - and serve as the foundation for - impression formation. For example, paralleling work on emotional expressions, faces conveying important traits may automatically attract attentional resources. Accordingly, employing a dot-probe task, the current research explored whether faces varying in dominance (Expt. 1 & 2) and trustworthiness (Expt. 3) trigger attentional capture. The results were consistent across all three experiments. Using both naturalistic and computer-generated faces of women and men, neither dominance nor trustworthiness captured attention. The theoretical implications of these findings are considered.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251334082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: The social self: Categorisation of family members examined through the self-bias effect in new mothers.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251332905

Mengyin Jiang, Jie Sui

{"title":"EXPRESS: The social self: Categorisation of family members examined through the self-bias effect in new mothers.","authors":"Mengyin Jiang, Jie Sui","doi":"10.1177/17470218251332905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251332905","url":null,"abstract":"Self-concept is the basis for many cognitive and behavioural processes, such as the processing of self-related information (e.g., one's own face, one's own name) and the categorisation of people into various social groups (e.g. self vs other, family vs non-family). Previous research suggests that one's self concept is not only construed from individual characteristics, but also from one's social experiences and group memberships. Thus, important life experiences such as childbirth and becoming a parent have significant impacts on one's self-concept, and subsequently influence the categorisation of information regarding the self and others. In two experiments, women who gave birth within the last 2 years were recruited and tested on a series of categorisation tasks using names (Experiment 1) or faces (Experiment 2) as stimuli. Results consistently revealed faster reaction times in response to the self regardless of stimulus type (name or face) and response category (self vs. other, family vs. non-family, familiar vs. non-familiar). A family bias for one's own baby name and one's own mother name over friend was observed in the family vs. non-family but not in the familiar vs. non-familiar categorisation tasks. These findings indicate that information regarding the self and one's family members receives preferential processing in social categorisation. These findings contribute to current understandings of the evolving self-concept through social experiences, and its influence on group membership categorisations and response behaviour.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251332905"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Up, down, and all around? Deciphering the boundary conditions for training induced transfer effects within a set of hierarchically nested tasks.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251334370

Joseph P Rennie, Duncan Astle

{"title":"EXPRESS: Up, down, and all around? Deciphering the boundary conditions for training induced transfer effects within a set of hierarchically nested tasks.","authors":"Joseph P Rennie, Duncan Astle","doi":"10.1177/17470218251334370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251334370","url":null,"abstract":"Convergent evidence suggests that the transfer effects engendered by training studies are tied to specific task features. The present study examined transfer in a set of three hierarchically nested change detection tasks (CDTs) using a tightly controlled adaptive training paradigm. These CDT paradigms all required participants to remember arrays of stimuli, and then report the change (in colour, orientation or both) of a probed item. The three tasks were identical except for the response judgment requirements: colour, orientation, or dual (both colour and orientation). We also included a retro-cue - a spatial cue within the retention period - allowing us to test whether training impacts the allocation of attention during maintenance. Each training group made significantly greater on-task gains relative to the active control group (digit-span training). Between-task transfer patterns were present but limited and largely feature-specific. Training gains on the orientation task did not transfer to the colour variant and vice versa; in fact, there was some evidence of negative transfer. However, those trained on the colour variant did show benefits to both variants within the dual task context. The dual CDT trainees also showed transfer to the simple orientation and colour variants. Finally, we found no compelling evidence to distinguish whether training gains and transfer effects are due to improved capacity or the improved precision with which representations are held. In short, participants learn to better represent and report specific features, but it is not clear if this is driven by changes in capacity or precision. .","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251334370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental evidence for a semantic typology of emoji: Inferences of co-, pro-, and post-text emoji. 表达：表情符号语义类型学的实验证据：合作、支持和后文本表情符号的推断。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241255786

Lyn Tieu, Jimmy L Qiu, Vaishnavy Puvipalan, Robert Pasternak

引用次数: 0

Revisiting representativeness heuristic classic paradigms: Replication and extensions of nine experiments in Kahneman and Tversky (1972). 表达：重温代表性启发式经典范式：对 Kahneman 和 Tversky（1972 年）中九个实验的复制和扩展。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241255916

Lewend Mayiwar, Kai Hin Wan, Erik Løhre, Gilad Feldman

{"title":"Revisiting representativeness heuristic classic paradigms: Replication and extensions of nine experiments in Kahneman and Tversky (1972).","authors":"Lewend Mayiwar, Kai Hin Wan, Erik Løhre, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.1177/17470218241255916","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241255916","url":null,"abstract":"Kahneman and Tversky showed that when people make probability judgements, they tend to ignore relevant statistical information (e.g., sample size) and instead rely on a representativeness heuristic, whereby subjective probabilities are influenced by the degree to which a target is perceived as similar to (representative of) a typical example of the relevant population, class or category. Their article has become a cornerstone in many lines of research and has been used to account for various biases in judgement and decision-making. Despite the impact this article has had on theory and practice, there have been no direct replications. In a pre-registered experiment (N = 623; Amazon MTurk on CloudResearch), we conducted a replication and extensions of nine problems from Kahneman and Tversky's 1972 article. We successfully replicated eight out of the nine problems. We extended the replication by examining the consistency of heuristic responses across problems and by examining decision style as a predictor of participants' use of the representativeness heuristic. Materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/nhqc4/.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"707-730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the impact of single vs. dual presentation on visual discrimination across resolutions. EXPRESS：模拟单一与双重演示对不同分辨率视觉辨别的影响。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241255670

Luke A French, Jason M Tangen, David K Sewell

{"title":"Modelling the impact of single vs. dual presentation on visual discrimination across resolutions.","authors":"Luke A French, Jason M Tangen, David K Sewell","doi":"10.1177/17470218241255670","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241255670","url":null,"abstract":"Visual categorisation relies on our ability to extract useful diagnostic information from complex stimuli. To do this, we can utilise both the \"high-level\" and \"low-level\" information in a stimulus; however, the extent to which changes in these properties impact the decision-making process is less clear. We manipulated participants' access to high-level category features via gradated reductions to image resolution while exploring the impact of access to additional category features through a dual-stimulus presentation when compared with single stimulus presentation. Results showed that while increasing image resolution consistently resulted in better choice performance, no benefit was found for dual presentation over single presentation, despite responses for dual presentation being slower compared with single presentation. Applying the diffusion decision model revealed increases in drift rate as a function of resolution, but no change in drift rate for single versus dual presentation. The increase in response time for dual presentation was instead accounted for by an increase in response caution for dual presentations. These findings suggest that while increasing access to high-level features (via increased resolution) can improve participants' categorisation performance, increasing access to both high- and low-level features (via an additional stimulus) does not.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"827-841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0