Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献

EXPRESS: Revisiting Motivated Attentional Bias: Capture or Dwelling? 重新审视动机性注意偏见：捕捉还是停留？

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261489170

Dirk Wentura, Merve Boga

{"title":"EXPRESS: Revisiting Motivated Attentional Bias: Capture or Dwelling?","authors":"Dirk Wentura, Merve Boga","doi":"10.1177/17470218261489170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218261489170","url":null,"abstract":"Vogt et al. (2011) reported that a disgust induction increases attentional bias toward cleanliness-related stimuli, interpreting this effect as motivationally driven attentional capture. In a recent conceptual replication, Boğa and Wentura (2025) replicated the moderation of attentional bias by emotional state but only when a discrimination task was used instead of the location task that Vogt et al. used. Both studies used a rather long cue-target onset asynchrony (CTOA) of 350 ms. In the present follow-up experiment, we manipulated CTOA (i.e., 100 ms vs. 350 ms) in a dot-probe task in a neutral mood context and used the same stimuli as Boğa and Wentura. Whereas we were able to replicate the null effect for CTOA = 350 ms found by Boğa and Wentura as well as Vogt et al. in their control condition (no disgust), cleanliness-related stimuli elicited a significant positive attentional bias at CTOA = 100 ms. The presence of this early bias for cleanliness-related cues in the absence of a hygiene motivation, combined with the previously observed persistence of this bias under a disgust induction at the longer CTOA, suggests that motivation does not enhance initial attentional capture. Rather, it is consistent with prolonged attentional dwelling on goal-relevant stimuli. Taken together with previous findings, the present results might contribute to clarifying the mechanisms underlying motivated attentional bias and indicate that its primary effect lies in sustained attentional engagement rather than early capture.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261489170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Investigating Amplitude Envelope's Role in Auditory Alarm Masking. 研究振幅包络在听觉报警掩蔽中的作用。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261489253

Connor Wessel, Jessica Agbolade, Andres Elizondo Lopez, Michael Schutz

{"title":"EXPRESS: Investigating Amplitude Envelope's Role in Auditory Alarm Masking.","authors":"Connor Wessel, Jessica Agbolade, Andres Elizondo Lopez, Michael Schutz","doi":"10.1177/17470218261489253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218261489253","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory alarms conveying hospital patient information face extensive criticism regarding their effectiveness. Previous research indicates that changing the amplitude envelope of alarms from temporally invariant flat to decaying percussive improves detectability and lowers annoyance. Here we complement and extend this research by exploring masking - when simultaneous signals obscure one another. The experiment consists of a three-alternative forced choice task in which participants decide which of 3 presented white-noise 'masker' tones contain a target tone. We manipulated masker amplitude envelope and the target timing (relative to the masker) within-subjects. We determined masking thresholds (the volume at which the masker completely obscures the target through a 2-down 1-up adaptive staircase. We find percussive maskers produce substantially lower thresholds than flat maskers, regardless of target timing. These may reflect (1) the asymmetrical energy distribution of percussive sounds creating opportunities for detecting overlapping alarms, and (2) a reduction in synaptic inhibition for percussive relative to flat sounds. This offers foundational evidence in favour of percussive envelopes reducing alarm tone masking - findings with implications both for our theoretical understanding of masking, and as potential direct application in auditory alarms.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261489253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Operator Positions and Perceptual Cues: Unpacking Their Effects on Middle School Students' Performance and Errors in Order-of-Operations Problems. 操作员位置和知觉线索：揭示它们对中学生在操作顺序问题上的表现和错误的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261488305

Ji-Eun Lee, Carly Siegel Thorp, Alena Egorova, Heidy Rodriguez, Arba Kamberi, Jeffrey K Bye, Avery H Closser, Caroline Byrd Hornburg, Erin Ottmar

{"title":"EXPRESS: Operator Positions and Perceptual Cues: Unpacking Their Effects on Middle School Students' Performance and Errors in Order-of-Operations Problems.","authors":"Ji-Eun Lee, Carly Siegel Thorp, Alena Egorova, Heidy Rodriguez, Arba Kamberi, Jeffrey K Bye, Avery H Closser, Caroline Byrd Hornburg, Erin Ottmar","doi":"10.1177/17470218261488305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218261488305","url":null,"abstract":"Many middle school students struggle to recognize the structure of arithmetic problems, which often leads to mathematical errors. This study investigated the effects of operator positions and perceptual supports (e.g., color, spacing) on the performance and mathematical errors of U.S. middle school students (N = 578) when solving online arithmetic problems with one higher-order operator (multiplication) and two lower-order operators (addition, subtraction). The results of mixed-effect models revealed that students' accuracy decreased as the location of the multiplication moved from left to middle or right, while their response time increased. Furthermore, the types and rates of errors students made significantly differed by perceptual cue. Students provided with color cues were less likely to make \"left-to-right operation\" errors compared to those without perceptual cues. However, students who received the color cue were more likely to make \"performing multiplication-only\" errors than those without perceptual cues. These findings suggest that although providing perceptual cues like color can reduce \"left-to-right\" errors, they may introduce new types of errors to some students. Therefore, clear instructions and examples need to accompany the use of perceptual cues in problem-solving tasks.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261488305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Keyboard Layout Facilitates Anagram Solving: Evidence for Embodied Effects of Typewriting. 键盘布局有助于解字谜：打字体现效应的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261488440

Yannick Wamain, Marieke Longcamp, Laurent Ott, Jérémy Danna

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Rigged Clocks and Cognitive Performance: Task-specific Effects and the Potential Role of Manipulation Suspicion. 操纵时钟和认知表现：特定任务的影响和操纵怀疑的潜在作用。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261488691

Nariman Utegaliyev, Christoph von Castell

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Inferring Pink- and Blue-Collar Jobs: Children's Eye Movements When Reading Gender Stereotyped Occupations. 推断粉色和蓝领工作：儿童在阅读性别刻板印象职业时的眼球运动。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261488037

Rebecca L Johnson, Merrick Fahrenwald, Nika V Dolynuk, Ashley Lupien, Emily Cleveland, Sara Klompus, Sylvia Lavin

{"title":"EXPRESS: Inferring Pink- and Blue-Collar Jobs: Children's Eye Movements When Reading Gender Stereotyped Occupations.","authors":"Rebecca L Johnson, Merrick Fahrenwald, Nika V Dolynuk, Ashley Lupien, Emily Cleveland, Sara Klompus, Sylvia Lavin","doi":"10.1177/17470218261488037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218261488037","url":null,"abstract":"Adult readers form inferences while they read, including those corresponding to expectations about the stereotypical gender associated with particular occupations (e.g., Duffy & Keir, 2004). For example, when reading \"The surgeon reminded herself to check on the patient,\" adult readers experience a \"mismatch effect\" when they encounter the unexpected mismatching female pronoun. The current study aimed to explore whether or not children, ages 8-12 years old, draw gendered inferences about occupations while they are reading sentences. The eye-movement record indicated that developing readers do show a gender mismatch effect. Readers had longer total reading times, longer second pass reading times, and made more regressions out of the pronoun in the mismatch condition compared to the match condition. Pronoun mismatch also affected skipping rates, total times, go-past times, and regressions out of the two-word post-pronoun region. Overall differences as a function of pronoun type, reader's age, occupation gender, and occupation familiarity are also reported.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261488037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Organization Decided at Encoding? Differentiating the Effects of Encoding and Retrieval Strategies. EXPRESS：组织是在编码时决定的吗？区分编码和检索策略的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261425657

Abigail M D Mundorf, Mitchell G Uitvlugt, M Karl Healey

{"title":"Is Organization Decided at Encoding? Differentiating the Effects of Encoding and Retrieval Strategies.","authors":"Abigail M D Mundorf, Mitchell G Uitvlugt, M Karl Healey","doi":"10.1177/17470218261425657","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261425657","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that temporal order information is both encoded and retrieved automatically as a part of episodic memories. However, the influence of this temporal information on recall is modulated by strategic control processes. It is unclear if these processes operate primarily at encoding, by affecting learning, or at retrieval, by organizing memory search. To address this question, we independently manipulated encoding and retrieval strategies. In this experiment, undergraduate participants studied two word lists. Participants were initially told to focus on either temporal or semantic associations and ignore the other (initial strategy). These instructions were used for encoding and recall of List 1 and encoding of List 2. Before recalling List 2, half of the participants were instructed to switch strategies, while the other half kept the same strategy (test strategy). Temporal contiguity was observed in all conditions, even when participants were instructed to completely ignore temporal associations. The initial strategy had no effect on overall temporal or semantic organization. However, there was an effect of test strategy. A semantic test strategy greatly reduced temporal contiguity and enhanced semantic contiguity. Variations in temporal and semantic contiguity may be primarily due to differences in control processes operating at retrieval rather than encoding.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2413-2427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Features to Identity: Evidence for a Hierarchical Model of Unfamiliar Face Matching. 从特征到身份：不熟悉面孔层次模型的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261429045

Daniel Fitousi

{"title":"From Features to Identity: Evidence for a Hierarchical Model of Unfamiliar Face Matching.","authors":"Daniel Fitousi","doi":"10.1177/17470218261429045","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261429045","url":null,"abstract":"How does nominal identity emerge from featural information in a face-matching task with unfamiliar faces? The present study extends the classic same-different paradigm to the domain of unfamiliar face matching and proposes a hierarchical serial self-terminating model. The model assumes that similarity between images of faces can be assessed at three representational levels-featural, physical, and nominal-and that observers compare faces sequentially from lower to higher levels, guided by instructional set (physical vs. nominal) and terminating once a discriminating feature is found. Two experiments tested these predictions with upright (Experiment 1) and inverted (Experiment 2) faces. Upright faces showed key diagnostic effects consistent with the model: the absence of a fast-same effect, the presence of the name-physical disparity effect, and costs of nominal relative to physical instructions. Signal-detection analyses confirmed that these reflected changes in sensitivity rather than bias. In contrast, inversion disrupted this pattern, attenuating or reversing effects. The results provide strong but qualified support for a hierarchical account of face matching and highlight the boundary conditions of this architecture.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2501-2520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rating Traits Together or Apart: Presentation Format Affects First Impression Judgements. 表达：综合或分开评价特征：陈述形式影响第一印象判断。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261417512

Nadine Lavan, Jessica H Turner, Matthew R Utber, Clare A M Sutherland

{"title":"Rating Traits Together or Apart: Presentation Format Affects First Impression Judgements.","authors":"Nadine Lavan, Jessica H Turner, Matthew R Utber, Clare A M Sutherland","doi":"10.1177/17470218261417512","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261417512","url":null,"abstract":"In perception experiments, researchers often collect multiple perceptual judgements from the same stimuli and participants to answer their research questions. While the way in which perceptual judgements are collected may affect the data, research rarely considers task design when investigating this topic. We therefore investigated how two frequently used methods of collecting multiple ratings can affect perceptual judgements, focusing on first impressions of faces. One participant group provided ratings of seven person characteristics (e.g. femininity, youthfulness, trustworthiness) blocked by characteristic, rating faces for one person characteristic at a time, across seven blocks. Another participant group completed one block in which they rated all seven characteristics simultaneously via a list of rating scales. The listed presentation format reduced task duration by 22%, but affected the perceptual ratings in several ways, pointing to reduced data quality, potentially as a result of satisficing behaviours. Specically, inter-rater agreement was lower for some person characteristics (youthfulness, femininity, and trustworthiness) in the listed format. Variance in ratings was also reduced for youthfulness, femininity, and dominance, with ratings clustering closer to the middle of the scale. Importantly, correlations between different person characteristics became universally positive in the listed format, indicating reduced independence of judgements. These findings highlight that while presenting multiple judgements at the same time may offer efficiency, this approach can introduce systematic biases and potentially reduce the reliability of perceptual data. We therefore suggest using a blocked presentation format and consider how these trade-offs would impact experiments looking at multiple perceptual judgements collected from the same participants.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2315-2327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence of the Hierarchical Orthographic Representation of Chinese Characters. 表达：汉字分层正字法表征的行为和神经生理证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261436799

Rui Zhang, Li Ma, Min Dang, Xiaojuan Wang, Jianfeng Yang

引用次数: 0