Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献

Moral virtues inferences: When limited information affects our attribution of virtues. 表达：道德美德推论：当有限的信息影响我们对美德的归因时。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241307652

Allegra Indraccolo, Riccardo Brunetti, Claudia Navarini, Claudia Del Gatto

{"title":"Moral virtues inferences: When limited information affects our attribution of virtues.","authors":"Allegra Indraccolo, Riccardo Brunetti, Claudia Navarini, Claudia Del Gatto","doi":"10.1177/17470218241307652","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241307652","url":null,"abstract":"In everyday life, when we have to formulate judgements, we often end up being influenced by information that is not directly related to the matter at hand. This happens both when we encounter the person in the real-life world, but also in the cyber-world, when, for example, we use social networks. In both cases, indeed, based simply on a few images or short stories, we may start to believe fake news or judge someone by generalising limited information to the overall judgement of that person/situation, as it happens in the halo effect. Even moral assessment can be influenced by limited, non-moral information; however, little is known on how this influence can affect our moral inferences about someone's virtues. We conduct three experiments, in which we assess how aspects non-directly connected to moral information, such as looks or fortuitous events, can affect our judgement about someone's morality. The experiments focus on the use of very limited information (e.g., attractiveness and/or short anecdotes), to reproduce the typical information available on a social network (e.g., people post selfies, or brief personal stories about their thoughts and feelings, or brief descriptions of personal events). In all experiments, the participants were asked to judge the moral virtues (honesty, courage, wisdom, and hope) of the person in the picture/narrative. Results show that pictures and narratives significantly affect the judgement of virtues. Moreover, the third experiment reveals a combined effect, by enhancing the influence of non-moral aspects on evaluation of someone's moral dispositions.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2223-2234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looks like SNARC spirit: Coexistence of short- and long-term associations between letters and space. EXPRESS：看起来像SNARC精神：字母和空间之间的短期和长期联系并存。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251324437

Lilly Roth, Julia F Huber, Sophia Kronenthaler, Jean-Philippe van Dijck, Krzysztof Cipora, Martin V Butz, Hans-Christoph Nuerk

{"title":"Looks like SNARC spirit: Coexistence of short- and long-term associations between letters and space.","authors":"Lilly Roth, Julia F Huber, Sophia Kronenthaler, Jean-Philippe van Dijck, Krzysztof Cipora, Martin V Butz, Hans-Christoph Nuerk","doi":"10.1177/17470218251324437","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251324437","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have demonstrated spatial-numerical associations, but the debate about their origin is still ongoing. Some approaches consider cardinality representations in long-term memory, such as a Mental Number Line, while others suggest ordinality representations, for both numerical and non-numerical stimuli, originating in working or long-term memory. To investigate how long-term memory and working memory influence spatial associations and to disentangle the role of cardinality and ordinality, we ran three preregistered online experiments (Ntotal = 515). We assessed spatial response preferences for letters (which only convey ordinal but no cardinal information, in contrast to numbers) in a bimanual go/no-go consonant-vowel classification task. Experiment 1 (\"no-go\" trials: non-letter symbols) validated our setup. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants learned an ordinal letter sequence prior to the task, which they recalled afterwards. In Experiment 2, this sequence was merely maintained (\"no-go\" trials: non-letter symbols), whereas in Experiment 3, it needed to be retrieved during the task (\"no-go\" trials: letters outside the sequence). We replicated letter-space associations based on the alphabet stored in long-term memory (i.e., letters earlier/later in the alphabet associated with left/right, respectively) in all experiments. However, letter-space associations based on the working memory sequence (i.e., letters earlier/later in the sequence associated with left/right, respectively) were only detected in Experiment 3, where retrieval occurred during the task. Spatial short- and long-term associations of letters therefore seem to coexist. These findings support a hybrid model that incorporates both short- and long-term representations, which applies similarly to letters as to numbers.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2110-2132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An exploration of relationships between associative and non-associative measures of inhibition. EXPRESS：抑制的联想和非联想措施之间关系的探索。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241310859

Ovidiu I Brudan, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Steven Glautier

{"title":"An exploration of relationships between associative and non-associative measures of inhibition.","authors":"Ovidiu I Brudan, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Steven Glautier","doi":"10.1177/17470218241310859","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241310859","url":null,"abstract":"Conditioned inhibition and occasion setting are two examples of inhibitory associative phenomena that have traditionally been studied in isolation from non-associative inhibition. Non-associative inhibition has been assessed using a variety of measures (e.g., stop signal reaction time and impulsivity questionnaires) and weak non-associative inhibition has been linked to a variety of disorders including addiction. However, even though both associative and non-associative inhibition have a common core-both involve suppression of behaviour, there has been relatively little study of potential relationships between these different forms of inhibition. In the current investigation, we carried out exploratory analyses to look for possible links between associative inhibition and four non-associative measures of inhibition, namely, (1) stop signal reaction time, (2) delay discounting, and scores on (3) the Behaviour Inhibition System/Behaviour Activation System and (4) Barratt Impulsivity questionnaires. Despite the fact that we carefully selected data to minimise noise in the measurement of associative inhibition, we found no clear evidence of links between associative and non-associative inhibition. We therefore conclude that while there may be superficial similarities between these different forms of inhibition they are likely to have different substrates.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2207-2222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Apparent statistical inference in crows may reflect simple reinforcement learning. EXPRESS：乌鸦明显的统计推断可能反映了简单的强化学习。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241305622

David N George, Dominic M Dwyer, Mark Haselgrove, Mike E Le Pelley

{"title":"Apparent statistical inference in crows may reflect simple reinforcement learning.","authors":"David N George, Dominic M Dwyer, Mark Haselgrove, Mike E Le Pelley","doi":"10.1177/17470218241305622","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241305622","url":null,"abstract":"Johnston et al. report results which they argue demonstrate that crows engage in statistical inference during decision-making. They trained two crows to associate a set of stimuli with different reward probabilities (from 10% to 90%) before choice tests between pairs of stimuli. Across most pairwise combinations, and in a control task in which the number of rewards was equated between probabilities, both crows preferred the stimulus associated with higher reward probability. The magnitude of this preference was affected by the absolute difference between the two probabilities, although (contrary to a claim made by Johnston et al. 2023) preference did not reflect the ratio of prior probabilities independently of absolute differences. Johnston et al. argue that preference for the stimulus with the higher reward probability is \"the signature of true statistical inference\" (p. 3238), implemented by an analogue magnitude system that represents the reward probability associated with each stimulus. Here, we show that a simple reinforcement learning model, with no explicit representation of reward probabilities, reproduces the critical features of crows' performance-and indeed better accounts for the observed empirical findings than the concept of statistical inference based on analogue magnitude representations, because it correctly predicts the absence of a ratio effect that would reflect magnitudes when absolute distance is controlled. Contrary to Johnston et al.'s claims, these patterns of behaviour do not necessitate retrieval of calculated reward probabilities from long-term memory and dynamic application of this information across contexts, or (more specifically) require the involvement of an analogue magnitude system in representing abstract probabilities.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2043-2051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-generated estimates of familiarity, concreteness, valence, and arousal for over 100,000 Spanish words. EXPRESS：人工智能生成的对超过10万个西班牙语单词的熟悉度、具体程度、效价和兴奋度的估计。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241306694

Gonzalo Martínez, Javier Conde, Pedro Reviriego, Marc Brysbaert

引用次数: 0

Does difficulty moderate learning? A comparative analysis of the desirable difficulties framework and cognitive load theory. 困难会抑制学习吗？理想困难框架与认知负荷理论之比较分析。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241308143

Wesley Pyke, Johan Lunau, Amir-Homayoun Javadi

{"title":"Does difficulty moderate learning? A comparative analysis of the desirable difficulties framework and cognitive load theory.","authors":"Wesley Pyke, Johan Lunau, Amir-Homayoun Javadi","doi":"10.1177/17470218241308143","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241308143","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence to suggest that variations in difficulty during learning can moderate long-term retention. However, the direction of this effect is under contention throughout the literature. According to both the Desirable Difficulties Framework (DDF) and the Retrieval Effort Hypothesis (REH), increasing difficulty (thus relative effort) during retrieval-based learning can help achieve superior long-term retention. One reason for this is due to improved schema formation following a deeper encoding strategy, allowing for more efficient retrieval techniques. A conflicting theory discussed in this review is the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). The CLT states that conditions for learning are best when extraneous load is reduced, and intrinsic load is optimised. By doing this, germane resources can focus on schema formation. While both theories consider schema formation key to successful retention, the way in which it is best achieved is conflicting. To date, both theories have yet to be compared despite their commonalities. This review evaluates the aforementioned theories, before proposing a new model of difficulty in learning. The proposed model integrates principles from the DDF, REH, and CLT, incorporating insights from Perceptual Load Theory (PLT). It suggests that task difficulty should be adjusted based on the material's complexity and the learner's expertise. Increasing difficulty benefits low-element-interactivity tasks by enhancing focus and retention, while reducing difficulty in high-element-interactivity tasks prevents cognitive overload.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2181-2195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of visual similarity in parafoveal processing: Insights from the Flanking Letter Lexical Decision task. EXPRESS：探索视觉相似性在视网膜旁处理中的作用：侧面字母词性决定任务的启示。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241308376

Brice Brossette, Bernard Lété

{"title":"Exploring the role of visual similarity in parafoveal processing: Insights from the Flanking Letter Lexical Decision task.","authors":"Brice Brossette, Bernard Lété","doi":"10.1177/17470218241308376","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241308376","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of visually similar flanking stimuli on central target words using the Flanking Letter Lexical Decision (FLLD) task. Specifically, we investigated whether visual similarity effects can explain orthographic relatedness effects observed in previous FLLD tasks. By employing non-reversal mirror letters as visual flankers, we compared their influence on response times to traditional orthographic-related and orthographic-unrelated conditions. Results confirmed the known facilitative effect of orthographic-related flankers on response times (ROCK ROCK ROCK). However, mirror-related conditions showed no facilitative effect ([Formula: see text] ROCK [Formula: see text]), as evidenced by a Bayesian analysis indicating no significant differences between mirror-related and mirror-unrelated ([Formula: see text] ROCK [Formula: see text]). These findings suggest that low-level visual information in the parafovea does not contribute to the processing of the foveal word in tasks requiring specific word identification. The study concludes that only parafoveal information with relevant linguistic content is spatially pooled across target and flankers during word identification tasks. This research highlights the need to consider task-specific attentional demands and the linguistic relevance of parafoveal information in understanding visual and orthographic processing in reading.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2133-2141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contextual effects on prospective person memory. EXPRESS：情境对未来人记忆的影响。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251323820

Stefana Juncu, Ryan J Fitzgerald, Hartmut Blank, James Ost

{"title":"Contextual effects on prospective person memory.","authors":"Stefana Juncu, Ryan J Fitzgerald, Hartmut Blank, James Ost","doi":"10.1177/17470218251323820","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251323820","url":null,"abstract":"To assist with missing person investigations, the public may be on the lookout during their everyday activities and alert the authorities if the person is encountered. In this Registered Report, participants encoded posters that included an image of a target person along with relevant, irrelevant, or no contextual information about that person. After viewing a poster, participants watched a video that included either the target or a plausible nontarget, using a new experimental paradigm that kept all other conditions of the encounter constant. Previous findings suggest contextual information could affect prospective person memory in several ways. If contextual cues are relevant, they could direct attention to targets and plausible nontargets without improving face recognition and hence have no effect on discriminability (sighting bias hypothesis). Alternatively, any contextual information at encoding (relevant or irrelevant) could encourage deeper processing of each target's identity and improve sighting discriminability (elaborative encoding hypothesis). A third possibility is that associating a target with relevant contextual information improves both face recognition and attention, resulting in greater sighting discrimination compared with irrelevant or no contextual information (context matching hypothesis). We tested 396 participants and found that associating target faces with contextual information had no significant effect on discriminating between targets and plausible nontargets. The context manipulation also had no significant effect on response bias. Our findings suggest that the previously reported recognition advantage might depend on the kind of contextual information at encoding, on how targets are encountered during testing, as well as on the type of recognition task.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2052-2064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CORRIGENDUM to "The dominance of item learning in the location-specific proportion congruence paradigm". 项目学习在地点特定比例一致性范式中的主导地位 "的更正。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241240989

引用次数: 0

Effects of central vs. peripheral attentional-oculomotor exercise on lexical processing. EXPRESS：中枢和外周注意-眼动运动对词汇加工的影响。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241310440

Shaylyn Kress, Scott Caron, Josh Neudorf, Braedyn Borowsky, Ron Borowsky

{"title":"Effects of central vs. peripheral attentional-oculomotor exercise on lexical processing.","authors":"Shaylyn Kress, Scott Caron, Josh Neudorf, Braedyn Borowsky, Ron Borowsky","doi":"10.1177/17470218241310440","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241310440","url":null,"abstract":"Past research from our lab has suggested visual demands in video games serve to exercise attentional-oculomotor (A-O) processing in a manner beneficial to reading. However, testing the effect of video games on reading typically requires long timeframes (e.g., multiweek training or years of accumulated video game experience). The current study manipulated within-experiment peripheral and central demands to evaluate the effects of A-O exercise on task performance. Our study included two tasks: an orthographic lexical decision task (OLDT), designed to optimise orthographic lexical processing, and a novel graphic-based health bar decision task (HBDT). In Experiment 1, the stimuli were presented centrally in one block and peripherally in another block to manipulate A-O exercise. We observed greater improvements in the peripheral-first than the central-first group, particularly for the OLDT. In Experiments 2 and 3, we focused on the OLDT, with the HBDT serving as the A-O exercise task, and observed improvements in both centrally and peripherally trained participants. We additionally observed, through analyses of word and bigram frequency, a double dissociation, whereby increased target word frequency was associated with faster target reaction times and improved error rates, whereas increased foil bigram frequency was associated with slower foil reaction times and worse error rates. Taken together, the experiments demonstrate a mechanism beyond simple task learning that drives reading improvements, and A-O exercise, even if movements are small, appears to play a role in the improvements observed. We suggest future research should further develop this paradigm and examine its utility for reading remediation in dyslexia.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2142-2166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0