Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献

Prior multisensory learning can facilitate auditory-only voice-identity and speech recognition in noise. 表达：先前的多感官学习可促进噪音中的听觉声音识别和语音识别。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241278649

Corrina Maguinness, Sonja Schall, Brian Mathias, Martin Schoemann, Katharina von Kriegstein

{"title":"Prior multisensory learning can facilitate auditory-only voice-identity and speech recognition in noise.","authors":"Corrina Maguinness, Sonja Schall, Brian Mathias, Martin Schoemann, Katharina von Kriegstein","doi":"10.1177/17470218241278649","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241278649","url":null,"abstract":"Seeing the visual articulatory movements of a speaker, while hearing their voice, helps with understanding what is said. This multisensory enhancement is particularly evident in noisy listening conditions. Multisensory enhancement also occurs even in auditory-only conditions: auditory-only speech and voice-identity recognition are superior for speakers previously learned with their face, compared to control learning; an effect termed the \"face-benefit.\" Whether the face-benefit can assist in maintaining robust perception in increasingly noisy listening conditions, similar to concurrent multisensory input, is unknown. Here, in two behavioural experiments, we examined this hypothesis. In each experiment, participants learned a series of speakers' voices together with their dynamic face or control image. Following learning, participants listened to auditory-only sentences spoken by the same speakers and recognised the content of the sentences (speech recognition, Experiment 1) or the voice-identity of the speaker (Experiment 2) in increasing levels of auditory noise. For speech recognition, we observed that 14 of 30 participants (47%) showed a face-benefit. 19 of 25 participants (76%) showed a face-benefit for voice-identity recognition. For those participants who demonstrated a face-benefit, the face-benefit increased with auditory noise levels. Taken together, the results support an audio-visual model of auditory communication and suggest that the brain can develop a flexible system in which learned facial characteristics are used to deal with varying auditory uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negative or positive left or right? The influence of attribute label position on IAT effects in picture-word IATs and word IATs. 快递：左还是右？属性标签位置对图画-文字 IAT 和文字 IAT 中 IAT 效果的影响。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241275941

Lisa M Viegas, Christina Bermeitinger, Pamela Baess

{"title":"Negative or positive left or right? The influence of attribute label position on IAT effects in picture-word IATs and word IATs.","authors":"Lisa M Viegas, Christina Bermeitinger, Pamela Baess","doi":"10.1177/17470218241275941","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241275941","url":null,"abstract":"The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a widely used measure of implicit attitudes. Despite its application in various fields, the malleability of the IAT by different methodological factors has been shown frequently. In this article, we focus on two factors that potentially influence the IAT effect, but which have received either inconsistent or no support so far: the IAT version (i.e., picture-word IAT vs. word IAT) and the position of the attribute labels on the screen (i.e., the positive or negative label on the left side). In two experiments, we used the original flower-insect IAT to systematically analyse the effects of the position of attribute labels (i.e., the assignment of the positive or the negative attribute label to the left screen position) and the block order of compatible (e.g., flower and positive) and incompatible blocks (e.g., flower and negative) as between-subjects factors. Reliable IAT effects were observed for the picture-word IAT and the word IAT when calculating the IAT effect as a difference in the response times as well as when computing the recommended D Score as IAT outcome. Smaller IAT effects occurred in the picture-word IAT than in the word IAT, supporting existing literature. In addition, an effect of the position of the attribute labels on the screen was found in both experiments, resulting in larger IAT effects when the negative attribute label was positioned on the left. This effect also appeared when calculating the D Score. The study highlights the importance of methodical factors for the IAT outcome.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: On prior visual experience in mental map navigation using allocentric and egocentric perspectives in the visually impaired 表达：视障人士在使用分配中心视角和自我中心视角进行心理地图导航时的先前视觉经验

IF 1.7 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241286704

Amandine Afonso-Jaco, Emma Adam, Brian F.G. Katz

{"title":"EXPRESS: On prior visual experience in mental map navigation using allocentric and egocentric perspectives in the visually impaired","authors":"Amandine Afonso-Jaco, Emma Adam, Brian F.G. Katz","doi":"10.1177/17470218241286704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218241286704","url":null,"abstract":"Using new developments in the mental comparison task paradigm, this study addresses the question of the influence of prior visual experience in the natural use of mental perspective to achieve mental spatial tasks without any protocol-imposed perspective. During the experiment, 39 participants (11 early blind, 13 late blind, and 15 blindfolded-sighted) explored two corridor maps to memorise the spatial arrangement of 10 objects disposed along corridors. After the learning phase, several tasks addressing spatial memory and reasoning used in the mental spatial representation were performed. Blindfolded-sighted participants preferred an egocentric perspective, while the two visually impaired groups showed no overriding preference between egocentric and allocentric perspectives. Results showed a performance advantage for egocentric over allocentric perspectives, regardless of visual experience. Our results shed light on previous assumptions regarding cognitive mental map construction, suggesting the need to reflect on previous results and their dependence on imposed mental perspectives.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Pure-tone audiometry and dichotic listening in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease. 快讯：原发性进行性失语症和阿尔茨海默病的纯音测听和二分听。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241287349

Jessica Jiang, Jeremy Johnson, Benjamin A Levett, Lucy B Core, Anna Volkmer, Nehzat Koohi, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Charles Marshall, Jason D Warren, Chris Jd Hardy

{"title":"EXPRESS: Pure-tone audiometry and dichotic listening in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Jessica Jiang, Jeremy Johnson, Benjamin A Levett, Lucy B Core, Anna Volkmer, Nehzat Koohi, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Charles Marshall, Jason D Warren, Chris Jd Hardy","doi":"10.1177/17470218241287349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218241287349","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing is multifaceted and the relative contributions of peripheral and central hearing loss are rarely considered together in the context of dementia. Here, we assessed peripheral (as measured with pure-tone audiometry) and central (as measured with dichotic listening) hearing in 19 patients with typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease (tAD), 10 patients with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), 11 patients with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA), 15 patients with semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and 28 healthy age-matched individuals. Participants also underwent neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance image scanning, allowing us to use voxel-based morphometry to assess associations between hearing scores and grey matter volume. Dichotic listening was impaired in all patient groups relative to healthy controls. In the combined patient (but not healthy control) cohort, dichotic listening scores were significantly correlated with measures of global cognitive functioning and speech-based neuropsychological tasks. Pure-tone audiometry scores were not significantly elevated in any patient group relative to the healthy control group, and no significant correlations were observed between peripheral hearing and neuropsychological task performance in either the combined patient or healthy control cohorts. Neuroanatomically, dichotic listening performance was associated with grey matter volume in a bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal network over the combined patient cohort, but no correlates were identified for pure-tone audiometry. Our findings highlight the importance of speech parsing mechanisms beyond elementary sound detection in driving cognitive test performance, underline the importance of assessing central hearing alongside peripheral hearing in people with dementia, and further delineate the complex auditory profiles of neurodegenerative dementias.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual letter similarity effects in Korean word recognition: The role of distinctive strokes. EXPRESS：韩语单词识别中的视觉字母相似性效应：独特笔画的作用

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241278600

Sungbong Bae, Chang H Lee, Hye K Pae

引用次数: 0

From task-general towards task-specific cognitive operations in a few minutes? Working memory performance as an adaptive process. 快递：几分钟内从一般任务到特定任务的认知操作？工作记忆表现是一个适应过程。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241278272

Jussi Jylkkä, Zachary Stickley, Daniel Fellman, Otto Waris, Liisa Ritakallio, Todd D Little, Juha Salmi, Matti Laine

{"title":"From task-general towards task-specific cognitive operations in a few minutes? Working memory performance as an adaptive process.","authors":"Jussi Jylkkä, Zachary Stickley, Daniel Fellman, Otto Waris, Liisa Ritakallio, Todd D Little, Juha Salmi, Matti Laine","doi":"10.1177/17470218241278272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241278272","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of cognitive functions is typically based on the implicit assumption that the mental architecture underlying cognitive task performance is constant throughout the task. In contrast, skill learning theory implies that cognitively demanding task performance is an adaptive process that progresses from initial heavy engagement of effortful and task-general metacognitive and executive control processes towards more automatic and task-specific performance. However, this hypothesis is rarely applied to the short time spans of traditional cognitive tasks such as working memory (WM) tasks. We utilised longitudinal structural equation models on two well-powered data sets to test the hypothesis that the initial stages of WM task performances load heavily on a task-general g-factor and then start to diverge towards factors specific to task structure. In line with the hypothesis, data from the first experiment (N = 296) were successfully fitted in a model with task-initial unity of the WM paradigm-specific latent factors, after which their intercorrelations started to diverge. The second experiment (N = 201) replicated this pattern except for one paradigm-specific latent factor. These preliminary results suggest that the processes underlying WM task performance tend to progress rapidly from more task-general towards task-specific, in line with the cognitive skill learning framework. Such task-internal dynamics has important implications for the measurement of complex cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cross-script cognate effect in spoken and written second language production: A study based on Chinese-English bilinguals. 表达：第二语言口语和书面语中的跨文字同义词效应：基于汉英双语者的研究。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241279047

Guorui Zheng, Tingting Yang, Weihao Lin, Yueran Yang, Ruiming Wang

{"title":"The cross-script cognate effect in spoken and written second language production: A study based on Chinese-English bilinguals.","authors":"Guorui Zheng, Tingting Yang, Weihao Lin, Yueran Yang, Ruiming Wang","doi":"10.1177/17470218241279047","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241279047","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies using cognates with the same writing system have found cognate facilitation effect in the lexical processes of spoken and typewritten productions and cognate interference effect in the sub-lexical process of typewritten production. This study focused on cross-script cognates, Chinese-English, which have different writing systems, and explored cognate effects based on the input and output modalities by using a Chinese-English translation task. Experiment 1 was under visual input modality and investigated the cross-script cognate effect in all three output modalities: spoken, typewritten and handwritten. Results revealed a cognate facilitation effect in the lexical processes across all three output modalities. However, it showed a cognate facilitation effect rather than a cognate interference effect in the sub-lexical process of typewritten production. Experiment 2 was under auditory input modality and focused on exploring cross-script cognate effect on typewritten and handwritten modalities, finding a consistent result on cognate effects with Experiment 1. Both experiments showed higher accuracy for cognates, and there was no significant difference in cgnate effect between visual and auditory inputs. In summary, these findings indicated that the use of cross-script cognates could effectively mitigate cognate interference. While spoken, handwritten and typewritten production share lexical processes, differences emerge in sub-lexical processes, with spoken production being less influenced by orthography. Furthermore, combining the results of Experiments 1 and 2, typewritten production may lean towards the phonological route while handwritten production may favour the direct lexical-orthographic route in the sub-lexical processes.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contextual diversity and anchoring: Null effects on learning word forms and opposing effects on learning word meanings. 语境多样性与锚定:对词形学习无效，对词义学习相反。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231218990

Jiayin Li, Louise Wong, Catarina Rodrigues, Rachael C Hulme, Holly Joseph, Fiona E Kyle, J S H Taylor

{"title":"Contextual diversity and anchoring: Null effects on learning word forms and opposing effects on learning word meanings.","authors":"Jiayin Li, Louise Wong, Catarina Rodrigues, Rachael C Hulme, Holly Joseph, Fiona E Kyle, J S H Taylor","doi":"10.1177/17470218231218990","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231218990","url":null,"abstract":"Words that appear in many contexts/topics are recognised faster than those occurring in fewer contexts. However, contextual diversity benefits are less clear in word learning studies. Mak et al. proposed that diversity benefits might be enhanced if new word meanings are anchored before introducing diversity. In our study, adults (N = 288) learned meanings for eight pseudowords, four experienced in six topics (high diversity) and four in one topic (low diversity). All items were first experienced five times in one topic (anchoring phase), and results were compared to Norman et al. which used a similar paradigm without an anchoring phase. An old-new decision post-test (did you learn this word?) showed null effects of contextual diversity on written form recognition accuracy and response time, mirroring Norman et al. A cloze task involved choosing which pseudoword completed a sentence. For sentences situated in a previously experienced context, accuracy was significantly higher for pseudowords learned in the low diversity condition, whereas for sentences situated in a new context, accuracy was non-significantly higher for pseudowords learned in the high diversity condition. Anchoring modulated these effects. Low diversity item accuracy was unaffected by anchoring. However, for high-diversity items, accuracy in familiar contexts was better in the current experiment (anchoring) than in Norman et al. (non-anchoring), but accuracy in new contexts did not differ between the two experiments. These results suggest that anchoring facilitates meaning use in familiar contexts, but not generalisation to new contexts, nor word recognition in isolation.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Language structure reflects biases in pattern learning across domains and modalities 表达：语言结构反映了跨领域和跨模式模式学习的偏差

IF 1.7 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241282404

jennifer culbertson, Arianna Compostella, Simon Kirby

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Investigating a Metrical Hebb Effect for lists of words 表达：调查词表的韵律希布效应

IF 1.7 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241285884

Andrew Paice, Andrew Johnson, Rebecca Legg, Eleonore Smalle, Mike Page

{"title":"EXPRESS: Investigating a Metrical Hebb Effect for lists of words","authors":"Andrew Paice, Andrew Johnson, Rebecca Legg, Eleonore Smalle, Mike Page","doi":"10.1177/17470218241285884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218241285884","url":null,"abstract":"In four experiments, we describe the first finding of a Metrical Hebb Effect. Participants are shown to exhibit a Hebb Repetition Effect for repeating, list-wide stress patterns across sequences of familiar words, even though the lexical items within the “repeating” lists do not themselves repeat. Experiment 1 established the presence of a Hebb effect for metrical patterns, demonstrating significant learning of list-wide metrical patterns over successive presentations. Experiment 2 investigated the effect's longevity, showing persistence of learned metrical information after a spacing of three non-repeating lists. Experiment 3 revealed that the effect did not persist over a longer spacing, of eight intervening lists. Experiment 4 investigated the learning mechanism, suggesting that chunking, rather than item-position binding, might account for the observed learning of metrical patterns. The authors propose that metrical-pattern learning represents a process of gradual integration of sequences of weak and strong stress accents, into higher-level units representing the stress patterns within, and across, words. We briefly discuss some implications of the Metrical Hebb Effect for phonological word-form learning, and for speech perception and production.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0