Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献_第10页

Stratified distributional analysis-a novel perspective on RT distributions. EXPRESS：分层分布分析 - RT 分布的新视角。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241288516

Rüdiger Thul, Joseph Marsh, Ton Dijkstra, Kathy Conklin

{"title":"Stratified distributional analysis-a novel perspective on RT distributions.","authors":"Rüdiger Thul, Joseph Marsh, Ton Dijkstra, Kathy Conklin","doi":"10.1177/17470218241288516","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241288516","url":null,"abstract":"Response times and their distributions serve as a powerful lens into cognitive processes. We present a novel statistical methodology called stratified distributional analysis (SDA) to quantitatively assess how key determinants of response times (word frequency and length) shape their distributions. Taking advantage of the availability of millions of lexical decision response times in the English Lexicon Project and the British Lexicon Project, we made important advances into the theoretical issue of linking response times and word frequency by analysing RT distributions as a function of word frequency and word length. We tested these distributions against the lognormal, Wald, and gamma distributions and three measures of word occurrence (word form frequencies obtained from subtitles and contextual diversity as operationalised as discourse contextual diversity and user contextual diversity). We found that the RT distributions were best described by a lognormal distribution across both megastudies when word occurrence was quantified by a contextual diversity measure. The link between the lognormal distribution and its generative process highlights the power of SDA in elucidating mechanisms that govern the generation of RTs through the fitting of probability distributions. Using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, SDA yielded posterior distributions for the distributional parameters at the single-participant level, enabling probabilistic predictions of response times as a function of word frequency and word length, which has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool to uncover idiosyncratic features of word processing. Crucially, while we applied our parsimonious methodology to lexical decision response times, it is applicable to a variety of tasks such as word-naming and eye-tracking data.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241288516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The object-based shift direction anisotropy is modulated by the horizontal visual field meridian. 表达：基于物体的移动方向各向异性受水平视野子午线的调节。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241230988

Adam J Barnas, Adam S Greenberg

{"title":"The object-based shift direction anisotropy is modulated by the horizontal visual field meridian.","authors":"Adam J Barnas, Adam S Greenberg","doi":"10.1177/17470218241230988","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241230988","url":null,"abstract":"Reallocating object-based attention across the visual field meridians is significantly faster horizontally than vertically (termed the shift direction anisotropy; SDA), implicating the meridians in reorienting object-based attention. Here, we tested the modulatory role of the meridians in the emergence of the SDA by manipulating meridian local feature contrast. Considering the notion of separate pools of attentional resources in each cortical hemisphere, we hypothesised that manipulating the horizontal meridian would selectively modulate the SDA. In four experiments, participants were presented with an \"L\"-shaped object and detected a target that appeared at either a cued location or at one of two equidistant non-cued locations at the far end of the horizontal or vertical object arm. Meridian local feature contrast was manipulated with perceptually strong enhancements (visible lines and colour contrast borders) and perceptually weak enhancements (illusory borders from line texture patterns and inducers). Weak enhancements of the meridians did not significantly modulate SDA magnitude; however, during perceptually strong enhancements of the horizontal meridian, the SDA was significantly reduced compared with both vertical meridian enhancement and no-enhancement conditions. Moreover, horizontal and vertical shift RTs were statistically equivalent when the horizontal meridian was enhanced with a visible line, our strongest manipulation, indicating the SDA was eliminated. These results suggest that the SDA emerges due to reallocating object-based attention across the horizontal meridian. We interpret this finding as evidence in support of the theory by which anatomical segregations of the visual system determine how pools of attentional resources resolve competition between and within cortical hemispheres.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2516-2532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-reinforcement pauses during slot machine gambling are moderated by immersion. 快讯老虎机赌博过程中强化后的停顿受沉浸度的影响。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241239054

W Spencer Murch, Mario A Ferrari, Luke Clark

{"title":"Post-reinforcement pauses during slot machine gambling are moderated by immersion.","authors":"W Spencer Murch, Mario A Ferrari, Luke Clark","doi":"10.1177/17470218241239054","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241239054","url":null,"abstract":"The post-reinforcement pause (PRP) is an operant effect in which response latencies increase on trials following the receipt and consumption of reward. Human studies demonstrate analogous effects in electronic gambling machines that utilise random ratio reinforcement schedules. We sought to identify moderators of the human PRP effect, hypothesising that the magnitude of gamblers' PRPs is moderated by the type of reinforcing outcome (genuine wins vs. losses-disguised-as-wins [LDWs] vs. free-spin bonus features) and individuals' level of gambling immersion, a cognitive state linked to problem gambling. Experienced slot machine users (N = 53) played a real slot machine for 20 min. The dependent variable was defined as the time delay in the initiation of each bet (\"Spin Initiation Latency\"; SIL). Using 80% of trials, a linear model was fit regressing SIL on the independent variables (outcome type, immersion, and outcome-by-immersion interaction), and a larger group of covariates (participant ID, trial number, winnings, etc.) selected using double-robust LASSO-regularised regression. The previously unseen 20% of cases were used to validate the model. Positively reinforcing outcome types (wins, LDWs, bonus spins) showed significantly larger SILs than losses, indicating a PRP effect. Immersion did not predict response latencies, but win-by-immersion and LDW-by-immersion interactions indicated that pauses were greater among more immersed participants. The small number of free-spin bonus features showed similar trends that were not statistically significant. These results indicate that gamblers immersed in play remained sensitive to in-game reinforcement (contrary to a prevailing account), and provide guidance for researchers bridging laboratory research and real-world behaviour.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2488-2496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mood shapes the impact of reward on perceived fatigue from listening. 表达：情绪影响奖励对听觉疲劳的感知。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241242260

Ronan McGarrigle, Sarah Knight, Lyndon Rakusen, Sven Mattys

{"title":"Mood shapes the impact of reward on perceived fatigue from listening.","authors":"Ronan McGarrigle, Sarah Knight, Lyndon Rakusen, Sven Mattys","doi":"10.1177/17470218241242260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241242260","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of effortful listening could help to reduce cases of social withdrawal and mitigate fatigue, especially in older adults. However, the relationship between transient effort and longer term fatigue is likely to be more complex than originally thought. Here, we manipulated the presence/absence of monetary reward to examine the role of motivation and mood state in governing changes in perceived effort and fatigue from listening. In an online study, 185 participants were randomly assigned to either a \"reward\" (n = 91) or \"no-reward\" (n = 94) group and completed a dichotic listening task along with a series of questionnaires assessing changes over time in perceived effort, mood, and fatigue. Effort ratings were higher overall in the reward group, yet fatigue ratings in that group showed a shallower linear increase over time. Mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of reward on fatigue ratings via perceived mood state; reward induced a more positive mood state which was associated with reduced fatigue. These results suggest that: (1) listening conditions rated as more \"effortful\" may be less fatiguing if the effort is deemed worthwhile, and (2) alterations to one's mood state represent a potential mechanism by which fatigue may be elicited during unrewarding listening situations.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2463-2475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamics of multiword sequence extraction. EXPRESS：多词序列提取的动力。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241228548

Leonardo Pinto Arata, Laura Ordonez Magro, Carlos Ramisch, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey

{"title":"The dynamics of multiword sequence extraction.","authors":"Leonardo Pinto Arata, Laura Ordonez Magro, Carlos Ramisch, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey","doi":"10.1177/17470218241228548","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241228548","url":null,"abstract":"Being able to process multiword sequences is central for both language comprehension and production. Numerous studies support this claim, but less is known about the way multiword sequences are acquired, and more specifically how associations between their constituents are established over time. Here we adapted the Hebb naming task into a Hebb lexical decision task to study the dynamics of multiword sequence extraction. Participants had to read letter strings presented on a computer screen and were required to classify them as words or pseudowords. Unknown to the participants, a triplet of words or pseudowords systematically appeared in the same order and random words or pseudowords were inserted between two repetitions of the triplet. We found that response times (RTs) for the unpredictable first position in the triplet decreased over repetitions (i.e., indicating the presence of a repetition effect) but more slowly and with a different dynamic compared with items appearing at the predictable second and third positions in the repeated triplet (i.e., showing a slightly different predictability effect). Implicit and explicit learning also varied as a function of the nature of the triplet (i.e., unrelated words, pseudowords, semantically related words, or idioms). Overall, these results provide new empirical evidence about the dynamics of multiword sequence extraction, and more generally about the role of statistical learning in language acquisition.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2439-2462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing wh-filler-gap dependencies. EXPRESS：处理 Wh-filler-gap 依赖关系。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241231872

Nayoun Kim, Alexis Wellwood, Masaya Yoshida

引用次数: 0

Flexible letter-position coding in Chinese-English L2 bilinguals: Evidence from eye movements. 快讯汉英第二语言双语者灵活的字母位置编码：来自眼动的证据。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241229442

Hillarie Man, Adam J Parker, J S H Taylor

{"title":"Flexible letter-position coding in Chinese-English L2 bilinguals: Evidence from eye movements.","authors":"Hillarie Man, Adam J Parker, J S H Taylor","doi":"10.1177/17470218241229442","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241229442","url":null,"abstract":"Theories suggest that efficient recognition of English words depends on flexible letter-position coding, demonstrated by the fact that transposed-letter primes (e.g., JUGDE-judge) facilitate written word recognition more than substituted-letter primes (e.g., JUFBE-judge). The multiple route model predicts that reading experience should drive more flexible letter-position coding as readers transition from decoding words letter-by-letter to recognising words as wholes. This study therefore examined whether letter-position is coded flexibly in second-language English sentence reading for native Chinese speakers, and if this is influenced by English proficiency. Eye movements were measured while 54 adult native Chinese speakers read English sentences including either a real word (e.g., cheaply), a transposed-letter nonword (e.g., \"chepaly\"), or a substituted-letter nonword (e.g., \"chegely\"). Flexible letter-position coding was observed in initial and later processing stages-reading times were longer for substituted-letter than transposed-letter nonwords. In addition, reading times were longer in both initial and later processing stages for transposed-letter nonwords than real words, indicating that, despite encoding letter-position flexibly, readers processed letter-position. Although pre-registered frequentist analyses suggested that English proficiency did not predict overall reading times, Bayes Factors indicated that there was evidence for such a relationship. It is therefore likely that this proficiency analysis suffered from low power. Finally, neither frequentist nor Bayes Factor analyses suggested that English proficiency influenced the difference in reading times between different target word types, i.e., the nature of letter-position coding. Overall, these results suggest that highly proficient L2 learners code letter-position flexibly.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2497-2515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of age on behavioural and eye gaze on Theory of Mind using movie for social cognition. 表达：年龄对使用社会认知电影的行为和眼睛注视心智理论的影响。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241235811

Min Hooi Yong, Muhammad Waqas, Ted Ruffman

{"title":"Effects of age on behavioural and eye gaze on Theory of Mind using movie for social cognition.","authors":"Min Hooi Yong, Muhammad Waqas, Ted Ruffman","doi":"10.1177/17470218241235811","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241235811","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence has shown that older adults have lower accuracy in Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks compared with young adults, but we are still unclear whether the difficulty in decoding mental states in older adults stems from not looking at the critical areas, and more so from the ageing Asian population. Most ToM studies use static images or short vignettes to measure ToM but these stimuli are dissimilar to everyday social interactions. We investigated this question using a dynamic task that measured both accuracy and error types, and examined the links between accuracy and error types to eye gaze fixation at critical areas (e.g., eyes, mouth, body). A total of 82 participants (38 older, 44 young adults) completed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) task on the eye tracker. Results showed that older adults had a lower overall accuracy with more errors in the ipo-ToM (under-mentalising) and no-ToM (lack of mentalisation) conditions compared with young adults. We analysed the eye gaze data using principal components analysis and found that increasing age and looking less at the face were related to lower MASC accuracy in our participants. Our findings suggest that ageing deficits in ToM are linked to a visual attention deficit specific to the perception of socially relevant nonverbal cues.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2476-2487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The affective consequences of response inhibition determine no-go-based crosstalk effects in dual tasks. 表达：反应抑制的情感后果决定了双重任务中基于串扰效应的 "不去"。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241231681

Devu Mahesan, Rico Fischer

{"title":"The affective consequences of response inhibition determine no-go-based crosstalk effects in dual tasks.","authors":"Devu Mahesan, Rico Fischer","doi":"10.1177/17470218241231681","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241231681","url":null,"abstract":"Backward crosstalk effects (BCEs) are observed in dual-task studies when characteristics of Task 2 influence Task 1 performance. When Task 2 is a go/no-go task, responses in Task 1 are slower when Task 2 is a no-go as compared with a go trial. This no-go BCE has been argued to be due to response inhibition spilling over from Task 2 to Task 1. Growing evidence shows that response inhibition elicits negative affect leading to affective devaluation of associated stimuli. We tested for a functional role of the negative affective consequence of response inhibition in the no-go BCE by investigating its interaction with affective processing in Task 1. In four experiments, Task 1 was a valence categorisation task, and Task 2 a go/no-go task. In all experiments, the no-go BCE strongly depended on affective processing in Task 1. While this modulation could be attributed to an affective (mis)match between stimulus features in both tasks in Experiments 1 and 2, Experiments 3 and 4 provided evidence for an affective (mis)match between stimulus valence in Task 1 and affective consequences of Task 2 response inhibition. The results are discussed in the context of current theories of no-go BCEs in dual tasks.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2533-2550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drawing attention to previous studies can reduce confidence in a new research finding, even when confidence should increase. 快讯：提请注意以前的研究可能会降低对新研究结果的信心，即使信心本应增加。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241242127

Milen L Radell, W Burt Thompson

引用次数: 0