Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Adaptive lexical processing of semantic competitors extends to alternative names: Evidence from blocked-cyclic picture naming.","authors":"Stefan Wöhner, Andreas Mädebach, Herbert Schriefers, Jörg D Jescheniak","doi":"10.1177/17470218241245107","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241245107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Naming a picture (e.g., \"duck\") in the context of semantically related pictures (e.g., \"eagle,\" \"stork,\" \"parrot\") takes longer than naming it in the context of unrelated pictures (e.g., \"knave,\" \"toast,\" \"atlas\"). Adaptive models of word production attribute this semantic interference effect in blocked-cyclic naming (BCN) to an adaptive mechanism that makes competitor words, (e.g., the semantically related word \"eagle\" for the target word \"duck\") which are activated but not selected for production, less accessible for future retrieval. Results from a recent picture-word-interference study, however, suggested that alternative names (e.g., \"bird\" for \"duck\") might be exempt from this mechanism, challenging adaptive lexical processing as a general mechanism. We tested whether converging evidence is obtained in BCN. In Experiment 1, we embedded pictures responded to with alternative (category) names (e.g., \"bird\") into contexts composed of pictures responded to with specific (exemplar) names (e.g., \"duck,\" \"eagle,\" \"stork,\" and \"parrot\"). If alternative names are exempt from adaptive lexical processing, interference in the homogeneous context should be found for specific name items but not for alternative name items. In contrast to this prediction, there was similar-sized interference for both types of items. In Experiment 2, we replaced the alternative name items with unrelated items. For these items, interference was largely diminished, ruling out that the effect found in Experiment 1 is a general set effect. Overall, our data suggest that alternative names are not special with respect to adaptive lexical processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"672-684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enduring importance of the \"fine cuts\" approach to psychology: EPS Mid-Career Award Lecture 2024.","authors":"Geoffrey Bird","doi":"10.1177/17470218241311291","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241311291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, I take a selective review of work undertaken by my colleagues and me in an attempt to show the enduring importance of the \"fine cuts\" approach to psychology. This approach highlights the importance of causal, specific, and falsifiable psychological models, and the rigorous experimental designs needed to test them. I hope the review shows that it is still necessary to consider cognition, despite the exciting advances in Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and computational modelling characterising our field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"641-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Gaze cues (repeatedly) fail to influence person evaluation.","authors":"Samantha E A Gregory, Vilma Pullinen, Margaret Jackson","doi":"10.1177/17470218251333425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251333425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eye gaze is an important social signal that people generally cannot help but follow, leading to joint attention. Joint attention has been shown to speed basic processing of objects, enhance memory for them, and even affect immediate value-based appraisal by increasing object likability. Here, across 8 experiments, we investigate for the first time whether jointly attending to other faces positively affects their longer-term social value (liking, trust) and attentional value (attention allocation and prioritisation). Emanating the basic gaze cuing paradigm, a central cue face looked towards or away from a 'target' face, which the participant had to respond to. Unbeknown to participants some target faces were always looked at (jointly attended - high value) and others were never looked at ('ignored' - low value). In studies 1 - 6 we investigated how these gaze-induced value conditions positively affected subsequent liking and trust social judgements of a person. Then, in studies 7 and 8 we additionally investigated whether effects of gaze on others may occur implicitly, affecting subsequent attentional engagement with others by using the target faces as gaze cues, or attentional targets in a dot probe task. Confirmed through mini meta-analysis, we found no significant effect of being jointly attended vs. ignored on either the social (N = 214) or attentional (N = 77) value of faces. We discuss whether faces are different to objects in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251333425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Trial-by-trial modulations in a spatial Stroop task: A distribution analysis on social and non-social targets.","authors":"Yoshihiko Tanaka, Takato Oyama, Kenta Ishikawa, Matia Okubo","doi":"10.1177/17470218251332591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251332591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a spatial Stroop task, responses to gaze stimuli are faster when the direction and location are incongruent (reversed congruency effect), whereas responses to arrow stimuli are faster when congruent (standard congruency effect). To explain the reversal of gaze, Tanaka et al. (2024) proposed a dual-stage hypothesis comprising target-background segregation and selective inhibition. This hypothesis predicts that the enhancement of selective inhibition reduces and increases the standard and reversed congruency effects, respectively. As selective inhibition varies on a trial-by-trial basis, we tested the dual-stage hypothesis by examining congruency sequence effects (CSE) in the spatial Stroop task. We analysed the data collected from 409 participants previously tested in our laboratory. The results showed a decrease in the standard congruency effect (standard CSE) and an increase in the reversed congruency effect (reversed CSE) after incongruent trials (N - 1 incongruent) relative to congruent trials (N - 1 congruent). Reaction time distribution analysis revealed that these CSEs emerged from faster responses, suggesting that conflict monitoring in preceding trials enhanced inhibition efficiency in the current trials. These results highlighted the role of selective inhibition in the dual-stage hypothesis. Selective inhibition dynamically changes its size and onset depending on the preceding trial type and contributes to these sequential effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251332591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Plausibility leads to better comprehension but not syntactic adaptation: Evidence from structural disambiguation in Chinese.","authors":"Zeping Liu, Chien-Jer Charles Lin","doi":"10.1177/17470218251332420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251332420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In syntactic disambiguation, repeated exposure to less-preferred syntactic analyses may induce changes in parsing preferences, such that processing the less-preferred parses becomes easier while processing the preferred parses becomes difficult, known as \"syntactic adaptation\" (Fine et al., 2013). However, previous studies have reported mixed findings, prompting the present study to reexamine this effect, using the ambiguous fragment V+N1+DE+N2 in Mandarin Chinese, which is compatible with a Relative Clause (RC) structure (dominant parse) and a Complement Clause (CC) structure (secondary parse). To investigate whether the relative likelihood of syntactic parses affects syntactic adaptation, we conducted two self-paced reading experiments. Participants read sentences that started with ambiguous fragments with a stronger RC bias (Experiment 1) and a weaker RC bias (Experiment 2) and were later disambiguated as the CC analysis, with the bias manipulated through semantic plausibility. In both experiments, our results did not find adaptation on reading time for the dispreferred parse. We also did not find greater difficulty in parsing the preferred RC structure after exposure to the dispreferred CC structure. The offline comprehension accuracy, however, did show improvement. The comparison between the two experiments shows that increasing the likelihood of the dispreferred parse through semantic plausibility enhances the offline comprehension, but not the online reading time of this parse, highlighting the distinctive roles of plausibility information in structural ambiguity resolution and syntactic adaptation during sentence comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251332420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory attenuation of self-initiated tactile feedback is modulated by stimulus strength and temporal delay in a virtual reality environment.","authors":"Fabian Kiepe, Guido Hesselmann","doi":"10.1177/17470218251330237","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251330237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite extensive research across various modalities, the precise mechanisms of sensory attenuation (SA) remain debated. Specifically, it remains unclear to what extent SA is influenced by stimulus predictability alone, as opposed to the distinct impact of self-generated actions. Forward models suggest that efference copies of motor commands enable the brain to predict and distinguish anticipated changes in self-initiated sensory input. Predictive processing proposes that predictions about upcoming changes in sensory input are not solely based on efference copies, but rather generated in the form of a generative model integrating external, contextual factors, as well. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of SA in the tactile domain, specifically examining self-initiation and temporal predictions within a virtual reality (VR) framework. This setup allowed for precise control over sensory feedback in response to movement. Participants (<i>N</i> = 33) engaged in an active condition, moving their hands to elicit a virtual touch. Importantly, visual perception was modified in VR, so that participants touched their rendered-but not physical-hands. The virtual touch triggered the test vibrations on a touch controller (intensities: 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 0.65, 0.8; in arbitrary units.), the intensity of which was then compared to that of a standard stimulus (intensity: 0.5). In the passive condition, vibrations were presented without movement and were preceded by a visual cue. Further, test vibrations appeared either immediately or after a variable onset delay (700-800ms). Our results revealed a significant effect of the factor \"onset delay\" on perceived vibration intensity. In addition, we observed interactions between the factors \"agency\" and \"test vibration intensity\" and between the factors \"agency\" and \"onset delay,\" with attenuation effects for immediate vibrations at high intensities and enhancement effects for delayed vibrations at low intensities. These findings emphasize the impact of external, contextual factors and support the notion of a broader, attention-oriented predictive mechanism for the perception of self-initiated stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251330237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactile distance anisotropy on the tongue.","authors":"Rosanna Chalmers, Matthew R Longo","doi":"10.1177/17470218251330597","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251330597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large literature has described illusions of tactile distance perception. Across many body parts, there is an anisotropic bias for tactile distances to be perceived as larger when oriented across body part width than when oriented along body part length. This study investigated whether there is a similar bias on the tongue. A forced-choice judgment task was used in which participants judged which of two tactile distances felt larger either on the tongue or on the hand dorsum, a region for which anisotropy is well established. Anisotropy was measured using the method of constant stimuli. Clear anisotropy was found on both body parts, with distances oriented with body part width overestimated compared to those oriented with body part length. These results provide further evidence that tactile distance anisotropy is widespread across the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251330597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Processing of incongruent emotional expressions in voice and semantics: the dominant modality and integration with facial expressions.","authors":"Mariko Kikutani, Machiko Ikemoto","doi":"10.1177/17470218251330422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251330422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research concerns three channels for emotional communication: voice, semantics, and facial expressions. We used speech in which the emotion in voice and semantics did not match, and we investigated the dominant modality and how they interact with facial expressions. The study used voices emoting anger, happiness, or sadness while saying, \"I'm angry\", \"I'm pleased\", or \"I'm sad\". A facial image accompanied the voice, and it expressed either the same emotion to the voice (voice=face condition), the same emotion to the semantics (semantic=face condition), or a mixed emotion shown in the voice and semantics (morph condition). The phrases were articulated in the participants' native language (Japanese), second language (English), and unfamiliar language (Khmer). In Study 1, participants answered how much they agreed that the speaker expressed anger, happiness, and sadness. Their attention was not controlled. In Study 2, participants were told to attend to either voice or semantics. The morph condition of study 1 found semantic dominance for the native language stimuli. The semantic=face and voice=face conditions in Studies 1 and 2 revealed that an emotion solely expressed in semantics (while a different emotion was shown in face and voice) had more substantial impacts on assessing the speaker's emotion than an emotion solely expressed in voice when the semantics were in understandable languages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251330422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Do Item-Specific Control Adjustments Transfer Across Response Modalities?","authors":"Jackson Stuart Colvett, Logan Wetz, Julie Bugg","doi":"10.1177/17470218251330852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251330852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People learn associations between attentional demands (e.g., conflict likelihood) and predictive cues, then reactively retrieve relatively relaxed or focused control settings upon reoccurrence of a predictive cue, which is referred to as learning-guided control. A key theoretical question concerns whether learning-guided control transfers to novel situations in which the cues are no longer predictive of attentional demands. Using a picture-word Stroop task, we examined whether learning-guided control settings acquired when responding with one response modality (i.e., manual keypress) were evidenced when subsequent transfer items required a different response modality (i.e., vocal response). For training items, an item-specific proportion congruence manipulation was employed such that some predictive cues (pictures) were mostly congruent, and others were mostly incongruent. Transfer items were visibly identical to training items, but critically all cues were 50% congruent. In Experiment 1 in which training occurred prior to a separate transfer phase, we did not observe transfer. In Experiment 2, we intermixed manual modality training items and vocal modality transfer items within blocks throughout the experiment. In this case, transfer was observed. These novel findings demonstrate that learning-guided control settings can generalize from one response modality to another under select conditions. We discuss the roles of modality-specific processes and boundaries between training items and transfer items in modulating transfer, and implications for automaticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251330852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Bore me (not): boredom impairs recognition memory but not the pupil old/new effect.","authors":"Alexandra Lapteva, Sarah Schnyder, Wanja Wolff, Corinna Martarelli","doi":"10.1177/17470218251329255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251329255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mind-wandering and boredom are common phenomena, characterized by shifts in attention and difficulties in sustaining focus. Despite extensive research on the costs and benefits of these states, our understanding of the relationship between mind-wandering, boredom, attention, and memory remains limited. In the current study, we examined the impact that mind-wandering and boredom during encoding have on recognition. In particular, we investigated what impact mind-wandering and boredom have during the encoding of visual stimuli on the pupil old/new effect during recognition. We used an incidental memory task and measured mind-wandering and boredom with thought probes during encoding. Furthermore, we used the pupil old/new effect, assessed via eye-tracking, as a measure of recognition memory. We found a significant effect of boredom on recognition memory and observed the pupil old/new effect in participants regardless of instances of mind-wandering or boredom during encoding. Our findings point towards different mechanisms that underly mind-wandering and boredom's obstruction of attention during stimuli encoding and their effects on stimuli processing. In addition, these findings reinforce the idea of the pupil old/new effect as a reliable measure of recognition memory as it remained consistent irrespective of attentional lapses due to mind-wandering and boredom.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251329255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}