Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Field usability and validity of eye-tracking instrumentation with the Early Childhood Vigilance Test among children aged 2-4 years old in Northern Coastal Ecuador.","authors":"Itziar Familiar-Lopez, Hannah Lalonde, Andrew Harris, Elizabeth Foot, María Sol Garcés, Nergiz Turgut, Karen Levy, Joseph N S Eisenberg, Gwenyth O Lee","doi":"10.1037/neu0001012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a need for effective cognitive assessment tools to evaluate the development of very young children in resource-limited low- and middle-income country settings. Our objective was to evaluate the field usability of a computer-based attention test and its concurrent validity with a caregiver-reported screener of neurodevelopment in rural, Ecuadorian children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To assess a computer-based attention test in a resource-limited setting, 41 Ecuadorian children between 2 and 4 years of age were evaluated once with the Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) of attention adapted to eye-tracking instrumentation. To evaluate the validity of the ECVT, results were compared with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, measured 3-4 times between 21 and 48 months of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECVT measures were collected successfully for 97.6% of children (40/41), suggesting good field usability of the test in this resource-limited setting. An increase in 1 SD in child attention, as measured by the ECVT average fixation duration, was associated with a 7.9-point increase in the overall Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 score (95% CI [1.5, 14.2], <i>p</i> = .015).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A computer-based attention assessment in early childhood was usable in a resource-limited setting and predictive of a caregiver-reported screener of child neurodevelopment. The ECVT, therefore, can be used to assess the effects of early risk factors and resilience in brain/behavior development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between implicit conflict monitoring, metacognitive monitoring, and cognitive control demand avoidance in children and adults.","authors":"Yuqi Huang, Jesse Niebaum, Nicolas Chevalier","doi":"10.1037/neu0001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Unlike adults, children often fail to coordinate their behavior away from unnecessary cognitive demands to conserve effort. The present study investigated whether greater conflict monitoring may contribute to metacognitive monitoring of cognitive demands, which in turn may support greater cognitive demand avoidance with age.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Electroencephalogram data were recorded while 54 adults and fifty-four 5- to 10-year-old children completed a demand selection task, where they chose between versions of a task with either higher or lower demands on cognitive control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both adults and children avoided the high-demand task, showing that, in some circumstances, children as young as 5 years can avoid unnecessary cognitive demands. Critically, midfrontal theta power predicted awareness of cognitive demand variations, which in turn predicted demand avoidance. The relationship between midfrontal theta power and demand awareness was negative and did not change between age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these findings suggest that metacognitive monitoring and control are based in part on conflict monitoring in both children and adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the neuropsychological profile of patients with fibromyalgia with insights from pain, psychological, and clinical predictors.","authors":"Erika Gentile, Mary-Ann Fitzcharles, Vanessa Correia, Marc O Martel, Mathieu Roy","doi":"10.1037/neu0000993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dyscognition is a frequently overlooked symptom in fibromyalgia (FM) that negatively impacts functioning and contributes to disability. Previous research has substantiated these complaints but lacks a comprehensive assessment battery to establish a neuropsychological profile. Further, the factors contributing to their genesis remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the cognitive profile of FM participants compared to healthy controls using an inclusive battery of neuropsychological measures and to explore the contribution of pain, psychological, and clinical variables in explaining this profile among FM participants.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>For this purpose, 33 FM participants and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed 17 cognitive tests measuring five broad domains. Participants also completed tests measuring pain sensitivity, endogenous pain modulation, and questionnaires on spontaneous pain severity, interference, and psychological and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, FM participants reported elevated levels of depression, anxiety, alexithymia, and pain catastrophizing, alongside lower sleep quality and quality of life. They also reported higher spontaneous pain severity and interference, demonstrated heightened sensitivity to evoked pain, and reduced pain modulation. Moreover, our analysis identified a distinct cognitive profile in FM participants, characterized by poorer performance in memory and executive function measures. Elevated spontaneous pain severity and poor sleep quality emerged as key predictors of this cognitive profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study offers insights into the cognitive profile of FM and substantiates the factors involved in its development. These findings contribute to explaining the high prevalence of dyscognition in FM and suggest multiple treatment targets for addressing these symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold executive functions moderate the relationship between hot executive function and externalizing behavior in adolescents and adults.","authors":"Olivia Choy","doi":"10.1037/neu0001007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although deficits in executive functions (EFs) have been shown to characterize individuals who exhibit externalizing behavior problems, few studies have differentiated between the influence of hot and cold EF on externalizing behavior. This study tests whether there is an interaction between performance on assessments of cold and hot EF in relation to externalizing behavior in a community sample of adolescents and adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Analyses were conducted on 396 adolescents (<i>M</i>_age = 14.81 years) and 393 of their parents (<i>M</i>_age = 45.39 years). Cold and hot EFs were assessed in both groups using a battery of neuropsychological tests, alongside externalizing behavior in both adolescents and their parents using a variety of self-report and parent-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant Hot EF × Cold EF interaction was found in both samples, such that adolescents and adults with increased risk taking on a hot EF task, but higher cold EF scores exhibited lower levels of externalizing behavior. Adults with reduced performance on both hot and cold EF tasks exhibited the highest levels of externalizing behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both hot and cold EFs contribute to the propensity for externalizing behavior. Results show that in the presence of increased risky decision making, which is a domain of hot EF, higher cold EF acts as a protective factor against externalizing behavior. Notably, this is observed in both adolescents and adults. Findings point to the possibility of targeting deficits in cold EF in interventions to reduce externalizing behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching gears: Age-related differences in goal-directed and habitual behavior.","authors":"Chelsea Hennessy, Thomas Pace, Remy Blatch-Williams, Tim van Timmeren, Sanne de Wit, Sophie C Andrews","doi":"10.1037/neu0000997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study intended to improve understanding of cognitive factors contributing to age-related differences in cognitive ability to shift between goal-directed (i.e., purposeful) and habitual (i.e., automatic) behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty participants, divided into two age groups (older: <i>n</i> = 25, <i>M</i>_age = 67.35, 15 female; younger: <i>n</i> = 25, <i>M</i>_age = 20.84, 18 female), were included. They completed behavioral measures of mood and well-being, as well as a cognitive battery of measures related to memory, reaction time, and speed of processing. Goal-directed and habitual responding was measured using the symmetrical outcome-revaluation task. Response window lengths were varied with overall longer response windows for older (800 ms short/1,100 ms long) compared to younger adults (500 ms short/800 ms long). Independent sample t tests, mixed analyses of variance, and analyses of covariance were used to compare age groups on behavioral and cognitive measures and the symmetrical outcome-revaluation task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When given short response windows, both age groups displayed a reliance on habitual behavior over goal-directed responding. Interestingly, when provided longer response windows, younger adults were able to update responding to exercise goal-directed behavior and significantly improved their task performance compared to older adults who continued to rely on incorrect habitual responses. Working memory did not appear to be a significant driver of performance differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide a better understanding of the balance between goal-directed and habitual behaviors in aging, suggesting that age-related slowing and memory changes do not fully account for older adults' reliance on habitual responding and warrant further research into practical implications of addressing healthy behavioral change in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep fragmentation, 24-hr rest-activity patterns, and cognitive function in premanifest Huntington's disease: An actigraphy study.","authors":"Emily S Fitzgerald, Yifat Glikmann-Johnston, Jessica E Manousakis, Meg Rankin, Clare Anderson, Melinda L Jackson, Julie C Stout","doi":"10.1037/neu0001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In Huntington's disease (HD), cognitive symptoms, sleep fragmentation, and daily activity pattern alterations can occur up to 15 years before diagnosis in premanifest HD (Pre-HD). Whether sleep and rest-activity patterns relate to cognitive function in Pre-HD, however, remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between rest-activity patterns, sleep, and cognitive function in Pre-HD compared to healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>All participants completed 14 days of actigraphy, online questionnaires, and remote cognitive assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pre-HD group (<i>n</i> = 36) performed worse on Speeded Tapping than the HC group (<i>n</i> = 42). Pre-HD participants with heightened sleep fragmentation performed more poorly on the Trail Making Test (TMT) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). In Pre-HD, lower intra-daily variability and higher interdaily stability (more stable, less fragmented rest-activity patterns) were associated with poorer performance on the trail making test Part B, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Emotion Recognition Task, Rey Complex Figure Test, visual memory task, paced tapping, and HVLT-R total trial. Higher interdaily stability was also linked to poorer HVLT-R performance. Relative amplitude and sleep regularity index were not related to performance. Poorer sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index correlated with worse HVLT-R delayed and paced tapping scores. More severe insomnia (higher Insomnia Severity Index scores) correlated with lower Rey Complex Figure Test copy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings emphasize the importance of uninterrupted sleep on cognitive function in Pre-HD and reveal targets for interventions aimed at improving cognitive symptoms. Larger cohorts stratified by proximity to diagnosis are critical to improving our understanding of these relationships across the premanifest period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the roles of working memory and trait anxiety on math achievement in children with ADHD.","authors":"Fatou Gaye, Sherelle L Harmon, Alissa M Cole, Carolyn L Marsh, Qiushan Liu, Alexis Mcintosh, Michael J Kofler","doi":"10.1037/neu0000994","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate deficits across academic domains including underachievement in math. Proposed models of math skill development suggest that math difficulties may be associated with both neurocognitive (e.g., working memory) and socioemotional factors (e.g., anxiety). Extant literature indicates a 25% co-occurrence rate between ADHD and anxiety, as well as a strong link between neurocognitive deficits in working memory and ADHD symptomology. However, it remains unclear how both trait anxiety and working memory uniquely or jointly relate to underachievement in math in children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample comprised 275 clinically evaluated children ages 8-13 (Myears = 10.36, SD = 1.44; 106 girls; 69% White/non-Hispanic) with and without ADHD. Serial conditional effects models were utilized to (a) quantify the magnitude of math underachievement in children with ADHD relative to peers without ADHD and (b) determine the extent to which these impairments are uniquely or jointly related to child self-reported trait anxiety and/or working memory abilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serial path analysis indicated that children with ADHD exhibited large magnitude deficits in math achievement relative to peers without ADHD (d = -0.76; β = -.34, 95% CI excludes 0.0). Furthermore, the ADHD/math achievement relation was uniquely accounted for by its shared association with working memory, whereas self-reported trait anxiety was not a significant predictor of math achievement. Together, ADHD status and working memory accounted for 65% of the variance in math achievement (R2 = .65).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that math difficulties in children with ADHD are largely associated with neurocognitive factors such as working memory and do not appear to be associated with the frequency/severity of trait anxiety symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3","pages":"259-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of multilingualism with diverse language families and cognition among adults with and without education in India.","authors":"Sarah Petrosyan, Iris M Strangmann, Emma Nichols, Erik Meijer, Emily M Briceño, Shrikanth Narayanan, Jinkook Lee, Miguel Arce Rentería","doi":"10.1037/neu0000988","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Early-life socioeconomic factors, such as education, closely associated with the opportunity to become multilingual (ML), are important determinants of late-life cognition. To study the cognitive advantage of multilingualism, it is critical to disentangle whether cognitive benefit is driven by multilingualism or education. With rich linguistic diversity across all socioeconomic gradients, India provides an excellent setting to examine the role of multilingualism on cognition among individuals with and without education.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia, we evaluated the association of multilingualism by language similarity (i.e., speaking languages from the same or different language families) and education with cognition. Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia is a nationally representative sample of older Indian adults aged 60 and over, speaking 40 different languages and dialects (N = 4,088, 54% without formal schooling). Multilingual participants were categorized whether they spoke ≥2 languages within the same (classified as ML1) or different (classified as ML2) language families. Participants completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of executive functioning, language, memory, and visuospatial ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Education stratified regression models adjusted for relevant covariates in the full sample and in a propensity-score matched sample. Among those with education, multilingualism was associated with better cognitive functioning across all domains regardless of language family (all p's < .05). Among those without education, only ML1 (not ML2) was associated with better executive functioning (B = 0.17 [0.07, 0.27]) compared to monolinguals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings add to the growing literature on cognitive advantage of multilingualism, disentangling them from education and suggesting differential effects by language similarity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3","pages":"223-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal organization and quality of life story memories in Alzheimer disease and healthy controls.","authors":"Tilmann Habermas, Caroline Gruler, Nina Jaeschke, Larissa Rapp, Rebekka Weygandt, Fabian Fußer, Stefan Frisch","doi":"10.1037/neu0000990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autobiographical memory has been studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by asking for a specified number of memories from a few defined life periods. The present study tests whether a retrograde temporal gradient and a change in the quality of memory specificity is confirmed when using a temporally less restrained access to autobiographical memory. Also, we intended to explore the temporal macrostructure of entire life narratives in AD and to study in more detail the distribution of memories across the past life and the narrativity of memory reports.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-one elderly adults with mild to moderate AD (Mage = 79.0; M Mini-Mental State Exam = 20.6) were compared with 20 healthy controls (Mage = 76.15, M Mini-Mental State Exam = 29.2). Participants were ethnic Germans from a rural southwestern area of Germany. They provided five most important memories and then told their entire life for up to 15 min. Life narratives were divided into temporal-thematic segments, which were dated and coded for memory specificity as well as for proportion of narrative clauses (narrativity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Life narratives in AD were shorter and contained proportionally fewer specific memories and fewer narrative clauses. These differences regarded the remembered period from between mid-30s to the recent past, for which also far fewer memories were produced. Life narratives were less chronological.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maintaining a sense of self-sameness in AD relies less and less on life narratives but more on single-event narratives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth-associated protein 43 is associated with faster functional decline among amyloid-positive individuals with objectively defined subtle cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Amanda I Gonzalez, Lauren C Edwards, Kelsey R Thomas, Alexandra J Weigand, Maria Bordyug, Einat K Brenner, Uriel A Urias, Katherine J Bangen","doi":"10.1037/neu0000981","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Objectively defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD) is an emerging classification that may identify individuals at risk for future decline and progression to Alzheimer's disease prior to a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of synaptic dysfunction, has been shown to relate to an increased risk of converting to dementia, although it is unclear whether GAP-43 alterations may be detected in pre-MCI stages. Therefore, in the present study, we examined CSF GAP-43 levels among individuals with Obj-SCD cross-sectionally and also examined whether baseline GAP-43 predicts future functional decline.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Six hundred forty-four participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were divided into six groups based on (a) cognitive status (cognitively unimpaired [CU], Obj-SCD, or MCI) and (b) Aβ status (+ or -).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CU- group had lower baseline GAP-43 than all Aβ+ groups, but not the other Aβ- groups. Higher GAP-43 levels were associated with faster decline across the entire sample. When moderation by group was examined, higher GAP-43 at baseline predicted faster functional decline for the Obj-SCD+ and MCI+ groups, compared to the CU- group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results extend prior work investigating biomarker associations in Obj-SCD to GAP-43 and show that high baseline CSF GAP-43 is associated with a faster rate of functional decline in Aβ+ individuals who are classified as Obj-SCD or MCI. Importantly, our findings further demonstrate that CSF GAP-43 is associated with early and subtle cognitive changes detectable before the onset of MCI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3","pages":"248-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}