Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Dimensional attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and executive functioning in adolescence: A multi-informant, population-based twin study.","authors":"Laila Ketvel, Eero Vuoksimaa, Lea Pulkkinen, Richard J Rose, Ulla Vedenkannas, Pekka Rapeli, Anu Raevuori, Antti Latvala","doi":"10.1037/neu0000983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate associations of executive function (EF) performance in adolescence with dimensional symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity assessed by multiple informants as well as ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) symptoms based on the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> criteria, and whether familial factors and co-occurring symptoms of depressive disorder and conduct disorder explain these associations in a population-based sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In 14-year-old twins from the population-based FinnTwin12 study (<i>N</i> = 638-1,227), we assessed EF with commonly used neuropsychological tests. <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> symptoms of ADHD and psychiatric disorders were assessed with a semistructured interview, and dimensional symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity with behavioral ratings made by the twins, their co-twins, and teachers at age 14, and by parents and teachers at age 12, the latter being different from those at age 14.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Teacher-rated inattention had the strongest association with poorer EF performance across two measurement points with different teachers; these associations were not affected by adding symptoms of depressive disorder and conduct disorder as covariates. Within-pair analyses suggested that the associations of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity with EF were partly explained by familial factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even at a subclinical level in a sample of adolescents representing general population, ADHD symptoms are associated with EF performance. Teachers' evaluations appear especially valuable when assessing adolescents' ADHD symptoms. Our findings support the notion of dimensional ADHD symptoms in the population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing cognitive capacity in the everyday environment across a continuum of cognitive decline using a smartwatch n-back task and ecological momentary assessment.","authors":"Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe, Catherine Luna, Brooke Beech, Shenghai Dai, Diane J Cook","doi":"10.1037/neu0000984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive testing using mobile technologies can assist with early detection of cognitive decline. We use ecological momentary assessment to investigate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of a smartwatch n-back task (1-back) delivered to adults across the cognitive continuum.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred seventy-four community-dwelling individuals (<i>M</i>_age = 70.51) representing healthy older adults, individuals with subjective cognitive decline, and mild cognitive impairment completed a neurocognitive assessment battery and wore a smartwatch for 7+ days. Participants were prompted 4 times per day to complete an n-back task on the smartwatch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all groups, findings indicated an acceptable task adherence rate (> 78%; <i>n</i> = 174) and response rate (> 89%; <i>n</i> = 158 <i>n</i>-back analysis sample). Supporting external validity, participants with mild cognitive impairment were less accurate, had fewer total correct responses, and performed at lower initial levels than both healthy older adults and subjective cognitive decline, ω²s > .09. Intraindividual variability was greater for the mild cognitive impairment group compared to healthy older adults, but subjective cognitive decline did not differ significantly from either group, ω² = .12. For discriminant and convergent validity, <i>n</i>-back total correct correlated with performance on standardized assessments of executive attention, whereas intraindividual variability correlated with real-world factors (i.e., context, everyday function). Reliability assessment revealed stability for <i>n</i>-back measures after four to six posttraining trials and excellent test-retest reliability for total correct after 5 months. Finally, combining <i>n</i>-back and clinical measures improved classification accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest the smartwatch <i>n</i>-back task is feasible for collecting cognitive data across the cognitive continuum with demonstrated reliability and validity in the everyday environment using ecological momentary assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affliction class moderates the dementing impact of adipokines.","authors":"Donald R Royall, Raymond F Palmer","doi":"10.1037/neu0000968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Biomarker-specific interventions (e.g., for dementia) will necessitate an individualized approach to treatment. We have constructed a psychometric classifier to identify persons adversely impacted by plasma adipokines.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The subjects (<i>N</i> = 1,737) of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were assigned to groups \"afflicted\" by versus \"resilient\" against the unique effect of plasma adipokines using a classifier derived by confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation model framework. The impact of affliction class above and beyond observed biomarker levels and covariates was tested by multivariate regression using CDR \"Sum of Boxes\" as the dependent variable. The affliction class' moderation of adipokines' effect was tested by chi-square difference. The effect of affliction class on prospective conversion risk was tested by Cox's proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven hundred four out of the 1,737 subjects (40.53%) were assigned to the afflicted class. The afflicted subjects had greater dementia severity, lower (adverse) <i>Adipokines</i> factor composite scores (by analysis of variance, <i>F</i>(1, 1,735) 2619.68, <i>p</i> < .001) and higher observed levels of plasma adipokines (by Tukey's honestly significant difference test, all <i>p</i> < .001). <i>Adipokines</i>' association with dementia severity was moderated by affliction class. The effect persisted at 48 months. Afflicted cases were more likely to convert to Alzheimer's disease in that timeframe, by Cox's <i>F</i>: <i>F</i>(234, 286) = 3.89, <i>p</i> < .001.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our approach could guide precision interventions against specific biomarkers. This classifier could be administered by telephone, making class assignment feasible without direct patient contact or biomarker assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cognitive disruptions in multiple sclerosis: The role of executive (dys)function.","authors":"Charlotte R Pennington, Michelle C-S-Y Oxtoby, Daniel J Shaw","doi":"10.1037/neu0000917","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, resulting in a range of potential motor and cognitive impairments. The latter can affect both executive functions that orchestrate general goal-directed behavior and social cognitive processes that support our ability to interact with others and maintain healthy interpersonal relationships. Despite a long history of research into the cognitive symptoms of MS, it remains uncertain if social cognitive disruptions occur independently of, or reflect underlying disturbances to, more foundational executive functions. The present preregistered study investigated this directly.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Employing an experimental design, we administered a battery of computerized tasks online to a large sample comprising 134 individuals with MS and 134 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Three tasks measured elements of executive function (working memory, response inhibition, and switching) and two assessed components of social cognition disrupted most commonly in MS (emotion perception and theory of mind).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with MS exhibited poorer working memory (<i>d</i> = .31), response inhibition (<i>d</i> = -.26), emotion perception (<i>d</i> = .32), and theory of mind (<i>d</i> = .35) compared with matched HCs. Furthermore, exploratory mediation analyses revealed that working memory performance accounted for approximately 20% of the group differences in both measures of social cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disruptions to working memory appear to serve as one of the mechanisms underpinning disturbances to social cognition in MS. Future research should examine if the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation programs that incorporate working memory training transfer to these social cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive functions beyond the \"Holy Trinity\": A scoping review.","authors":"Natália Martins Dias, Isabela Espezin Helsdingen, Eduarda Kammers Rita Momm de Lins, Camila Erlinda Etcheverria, Vanessa de Araújo Dechen, Luana Steffen, Caroline de Oliveira Cardoso, Fernanda Machado Lopes","doi":"10.1037/neu0000922","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive functions (EFs) are a multifaceted construct, important for several outcomes throughout life. The most commonly addressed executive components are inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. To map how other executive components are addressed conceptually and methodologically in the literature, a scoping review was carried out.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. The database search (2017-2022) was carried out on the APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 3,473 articles were identified; 1,302 remained after screening. Given the large number of articles, a sample calculation was performed (95% CI and 5% error), with 297 articles randomly selected for full-text reading and 242 studies included for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a predominance of health application studies in adults and older adults and in developed countries. There is relative conceptual consensus that EF are a multidimensional construct; however, there is no explicit identification of the theoretical model used in the studies. A diversity of EF was evidenced, which broadens the understanding of the construct, its assessment, and intervention targets. Furthermore, there was a variety of instruments used to assess these skills, with a predominance of performance tests, often with construct-instrument ambivalence between studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mapping showed a diversity of skills referred to as EF in addition to the core components and identified the instruments used in their assessment. Greater conceptual and structural clarity and greater methodological care are fundamental to support the assessment of EF and their intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"107-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9859275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple sclerosis is associated with differences in semantic memory structure.","authors":"Amy L Lebkuecher, Abigail L Cosgrove, Lauren B Strober, Nancy D Chiaravalloti, Michele T Diaz","doi":"10.1037/neu0000924","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although language is often considered to be largely intact in multiple sclerosis (MS), word-finding difficulties are a common complaint. Recent work suggests that declines in language are not solely the result of motoric and cognitive slowing that is most strongly associated with MS. Network science approaches have been effectively used to examine network structure as it relates to clinical conditions, aging, and language. The present study utilizes a network science approach to investigate whether individuals with MS exhibit less interconnected and resilient semantic networks compared to age-matched neurotypical peers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used semantic fluency data from 89 participants with MS and 88 neurotypical participants to estimate and analyze the semantic network structure for each participant group. Additionally, we conducted a percolation analysis to examine the resilience of each network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network measures showed that individuals with MS had lower local and global clustering coefficients, longer average shortest path lengths, and higher modularity values compared to neurotypical peers. Small-worldness, network portrait divergence measures, and community detection analyses were consistent with these results and indicated that macroscopic properties of the two networks differed and that the semantic network for individuals with MS was more fractured than the neurotypical peer network. Moreover, a spreading activation simulation and percolation analysis suggested that the semantic networks of individuals with MS are less flexible and activation degrades faster than those of age-matched neurotypical participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These differing semantic network structures suggest that language retrieval difficulties in MS partially result from decline in language-specific factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10837332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9934305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interference and attentional switching in aging.","authors":"Chris A Schumann, Nathan J Evans, Gail A Robinson","doi":"10.1037/neu0000919","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diffusion decision modeling (DDM) is a validated cognitive modeling method that has been used to provide insights into why older adults are slower than younger adults on a wide variety of cognitive tasks. DDM results have shown that increased processing time, caution, and sensorimotor factors have explained most of this slowing. Enhanced attentional processing of irrelevant information by older adults has also been reported in DDM studies but not explicitly studied. This enhanced processing of interference has been attributed to a motivational goal-directed decision to minimize errors by increasing accumulation of information (i.e., caution) rather than neurocognitive changes associated with aging. No DDM study has explicitly investigated interference and aging by comparing single task and dual performance within the framework of attentional control to explore more fully <i>what</i> and <i>how</i> attentional processes are involved. Our study attempts to fill these gaps.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a choice response time (RT) task of attentional switching with and without interference and applied the EZ-diffusion model on the data of 117 healthy younger and older adults aged 18-87.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated mixed-measures analyses of variance of DDM parameters found that longer nondecision time was the main driver for longer RTs for older adults on both attentional switch tasks, but more prominently on the attentional switch trials of the dual task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Processing interference before the decision to switch attention was the main driver of increased RTs for older adults. Rather than motivational goal-directed factors for error minimization (i.e., caution), findings supported neurocognitive and inhibition deficit explanations. Future DDM studies into cognition and aging could consider how difficulties inhibiting interference impacts on the cognitive processes under investigation and whether the concept of caution is applicable. Findings raise functional considerations for older adults on visually oriented tasks that require attentional switching (e.g., work vs. driving). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9696368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between hourly cognitive variability and risk of Alzheimer's disease revealed with mixed-effects location scale models.","authors":"Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, John C Morris, Carlos Cruchaga, Joshua J Jackson","doi":"10.1037/neu0000905","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Observational studies on aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically focus on mean-level changes in cognitive performance over relatively long periods of time (years or decades). Additionally, some studies have examined how trial-level fluctuations in speeded reaction time are related to both age and AD. The aim of the current project was to describe patterns of variability across repeated days of testing as a function of AD risk in cognitively normal older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current project examined the performance of the Ambulatory Research in Cognition (ARC) smartphone application, a high-frequency remote cognitive assessment paradigm, that administers brief tests of episodic memory, spatial working memory, and processing speed. Bayesian mixed-effects location scale models were used to explore differences in mean cognitive performance and intraindividual variability across 28 repeated sessions over a 1-week assessment interval as function of age and genetic risk of AD, specifically the presence of at least one apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean performance on processing speed and working memory was negatively related to age and APOE status. More importantly, e4 carriers exhibited increased session-level variability on a test of processing speed compared to noncarriers. Age and education did not consistently relate to cognitive variability, contrary to expectations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preclinical AD risk, defined as possessing at least one APOE ε4 allele, is not only associated with mean-level performance differences, but also with increases in variability across repeated testing occasions particularly on a test of processing speed. Thus, cognitive variability may serve as an additional and important indicator of AD risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10392418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a score: A longitudinal investigation of scores based on item response theory and classical test theory for the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in cognitively normal and impaired older adults.","authors":"Mark A Dubbelman, Merel C Postema, Roos J Jutten, John E Harrison, Craig W Ritchie, André Aleman, Frank Jan de Jong, Benjamin D Schalet, Caroline B Terwee, Wiesje M van der Flier, Philip Scheltens, Sietske A M Sikkes","doi":"10.1037/neu0000914","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether item response theory (IRT)-based scoring allows for a more accurate, responsive, and less biased assessment of everyday functioning than traditional classical test theory (CTT)-based scoring, as measured with the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this longitudinal multicenter study including cognitively normal and impaired individuals, we examined IRT-based and CTT-based score distributions and differences between diagnostic groups using linear regressions, and investigated scale attenuation. We compared change over time between scoring methods using linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes for time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two thousand two hundred ninety-four participants were included (66.6 ± 7.7 years, 54% female): <i>n</i> = 2,032 (89%) with normal cognition, <i>n</i> = 93 (4%) with subjective cognitive decline, <i>n</i> = 79 (3%) with mild cognitive impairment, and <i>n</i> = 91 (4%) with dementia. At baseline, IRT-based and CTT-based scores were highly correlated (<i>r</i> = -0.92). IRT-based scores showed less scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. In a subsample of <i>n</i> = 1,145 (62%) who were followed for a mean of 1.3 (<i>SD</i> = 0.6) years, IRT-based scores declined significantly among cognitively normal individuals (unstandardized coefficient [<i>B</i>] = -0.15, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.03], effect size = -0.02), whereas CTT-based scores did not (<i>B</i> = 0.20, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.41], effect size = 0.02). In the other diagnostic groups, effect sizes of change over time were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IRT-based scores were less affected by scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. With regard to responsiveness, IRT-based scores showed more signal than CTT-based scores in early disease stages, highlighting the IRT-based scores' superior suitability for use in preclinical populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory control impairment in social disinhibition following severe traumatic brain injury: An experimental study using social and nonsocial go/no-go task.","authors":"Michaela Filipčíková,&nbsp;Skye McDonald","doi":"10.1037/neu0000923","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inhibitory control impairment is highly prevalent following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There have not been any empirical investigations into whether this could explain social disinhibition following severe TBI. Further, social context may be important in studying social disinhibition. Therefore, the objectives of this research study were to investigate the role of inhibitory control impairment in social disinhibition following severe TBI, using a social and a nonsocial task.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a between-group comparative study. Twenty-six adult participants with severe TBI and 27 sex, age, and education-matched controls participated. Social disinhibition was assessed using the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and the Social Disinhibition Interview. Inhibitory control was assessed using a social and a nonsocial go/no-go task. Two-way mixed analyses of covariance were used to test study hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, participants were slower, <i>F</i>(1, 43) = 9.841, <i>p</i> = .003, η_<i>p</i>² = .245, and made more errors of commission on no-go trials, <i>F</i>(1, 44) = 11.560, <i>p</i> = .001, η<i>_p</i>² = .208, on the social go/no-go task. When categorized based on disinhibition level (high vs. low), the high disinhibition group made more errors on the social task, <i>F</i>(1, 41) = 4.095, <i>p</i> = .050, η<i>_p</i>² = .091, than the low disinhibition group, and more errors on the social, compared to nonsocial task, task-group interaction, <i>F</i>(1, 41) = 7.233, <i>p</i> = .010, η<i>_p</i>² = .150.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social disinhibition appears to be associated with inhibitory control impairment, although this is only evident when a social task is used. No relationship between social disinhibition and response speed was found. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"895-906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}